Patent Application
20080090384
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate for obtaining a SIMOX substrate by subjecting an oxygen-ion-implanted silicon substrate to heat treatment.
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-211127 filed on Jul. 20, 2004, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Background Art
Known SOI substrates having a single-crystal silicon layer on an insulator such as silicon oxide include SIMOX substrates. SIMOX substrates are SOI substrates where oxygen ions are implanted into a single-crystal silicon substrate and then a high-temperature heat treatment is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere to cause chemical reactions between the implanted oxygen ions and silicon atoms so that a buried oxide film is formed. Because devices formed on these SOI layers achieve high radioresistance, latch-up resistance, control of a short channel effect, and low-power-consumption operation, SOI substrates are expected as next-generation high-performance semiconductor substrates.
In general, for mirror-polished substrates produced by processing a silicon single crystal grown by the Czochralski method, crystal defects, such as COPs (Crystal Originated Particles), introduced during silicon growth are known to contribute to degradation in the resistance characteristic of a gate oxide film. For this reason, device manufacturers provide an improvement in yield due to poor insulation of a gate oxide film by using substrates with low crystal defect density, such as silicon epitaxial growth substrates or substrates with significantly reduced crystal defects that are grown at a low pull rate.
The same also applies to SOI substrates, and similarly for SIMOX substrates, any COPs or void defects existing on or near the substrate surface bring about, for example, a pinhole defect on a SOI layer surface of the finished product, thus degrading device characteristics. A manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate is proposed which is free of pinhole defects on this SOI layer surface by using a silicon single crystal which includes 1×1014 atoms/cm3 to 1×1017 atoms/cm3 of nitrogen (refer to, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H10-64837). In this manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate where oxygen ions were implanted into a silicon substrate including nitrogen, heat treatment was performed at 1350° C. in 0.5% oxygen gas for four hours, and heat treatment was continued for another four hours at an oxygen concentration of 70%, it is reported that there were no pits (called thermal pits) measuring greater than or equal to 0.3 μm in size on a SOI layer surface.
It is true that there were substantially no thermal pits measuring greater than or equal to 0.3 μm in size on the SOI layer surface of the silicon substrate including nitrogen into which oxygen ions were implanted and which were then subjected to heat treatment. However, it has been found that defects smaller than 0.3 μm in size existed at high density near the surface. In other words, this phenomenon indicates that crystal defects are not eliminated in an atmosphere including a very low concentration of oxygen, and therefore, the above-described known manufacturing method has a problem in that defects of smaller than 0.3 μm in size cannot be eliminated.
This invention provides a manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate in which relatively small defects on a SOI layer surface can be eliminated.
A manufacturing method according to this invention is an improved version of the method for manufacturing a SIMOX substrate for obtaining a SIMOX substrate by subjecting an oxygen-ion-implanted silicon substrate to heat treatment at 1300 to 1350° C. in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen.
This method includes performing a pre-heat-treatment to the silicon substrate for five minutes to four hours within the temperature range of 1000° C. to 1280° C. in an atmosphere of inert gas, reducing gas, or a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas, after the oxygen ions are implanted and before the heat treatment is performed.
In the manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate according to this invention, an inner-wall oxide film of crystal defects resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas, particularly void defects called grown-in defects, is dissolved by subjecting the silicon substrate to pre-heat-treatment after oxygen ions have been implanted and before heat treatment is carried out, and thereafter grown-in defects adjacent to the surface are reduced and eliminated by drawing upon a gap-filling effect by diffusion of interstitial silicon atoms in void defects where the inner-wall oxide film has been removed. In this manner, defects of smaller than 0.3 μm in size can also be eliminated.
Furthermore, in the manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate, the above-described silicon substrate into which oxygen ions are implanted may have crystal defect densities of void defects or COPs greater than or equal to 1×105 cm−3 and a maximum frequency less than or equal to 0.12 μm in the size distribution of crystal defects.
In this case, since a substrate having small crystal defects is used, the variation in oxygen ion ranges is small. Therefore, only a minor variation in buried oxide films resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen can occur in the subsequent step.
The manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate, may include: decreasing the temperature of the silicon substrate to 600° C. to 1100° C. in an atmosphere of inert gas, reducing gas, or a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas, after the pre-heat-treatment; and performing the heat treatment in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen, after the decreasing of the temperature of the silicon substrate.
In general, when heat treatment at a temperature less than or equal to 1250° C. in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas is completed at the initial stage and then the atmosphere is switched to an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen at that temperature, degradation of microroughness on the silicon substrate surface occurs. According to the invention in this case, however, the temperature is decreased to a level that can prevent degradation of microroughness, more specifically, less than or equal to 1100° C. after the pre-heat-treatment, drastic degradation of roughness can be prevented.
In the manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate according to this invention, since the silicon substrate is subjected to pre-heat-treatment for five minutes to four hours within a temperature range of 1000° C. to 1280° C. in an atmosphere of inert gas, reducing gas, or a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas after oxygen ions have been implanted and before heat treatment is carried out, an inner-wall oxide film of crystal defects resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas, particularly void defects called grown-in defects, is dissolved. Thereafter, grown-in defects adjacent to the surface are reduced and eliminated by drawing upon a gap-filling effect by diffusion of interstitial silicon atoms in void defects where the inner-wall oxide film has been removed. In this case, if the above-described silicon substrate into which oxygen ions are implanted have crystal defect densities of void defects or COPs greater than or equal to 1×105 cm−3 and a maximum frequency less than or equal to 0.12 μm in the size distribution of the crystal defects, a substrate having small crystal defects is used, and therefore, the variation in oxygen ion ranges is small. Consequently, only a minor variation in buried oxide films resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen can occur in the subsequent step. On the other hand, when heat treatment at a temperature less than or equal to 1250° C. in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas is completed at the initial stage and then the atmosphere is switched to an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen at that temperature, degradation of microroughness on the silicon substrate surface occurs. However, if the temperature is decreased to a level that can prevent degradation of microroughness, more specifically, less than or equal to 1100° C. after the pre-heat-treatment, drastic degradation of roughness can be prevented.
Preferred embodiments of this invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
This invention relates to a manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate for obtaining a SIMOX substrate by subjecting an oxygen-ion-implanted silicon substrate to heat treatment at 1300° C. to 1350° C. in the atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen. This method is characterized by applying pre-heat-treatment to the silicon substrate for five minutes to four hours within the temperature range of 1000° C. to 1280° C. in an atmosphere of inert gas, reducing gas, or a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas, after oxygen ions have been implanted and before the heat treatment is carried out. First, oxygen ions are implanted to form an oxide film. Then, as preprocessing of conventional heat treatment in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen, heat treatment is carried out in an atmosphere of inert gas, reducing gas, or a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas to eliminate small crystal defects that result in pits. Then, an inner-wall oxide film of crystal defects resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas, particularly void defects called grown-in defects, is dissolved to reduce and eliminate grown-in defects adjacent to the surface by drawing upon a gap-filling effect by diffusion of interstitial silicon atoms in void defects where the inner-wall oxide film has been removed. At this time, since silicon- or silica-based particles adhering as a result of ion implantation can also be reduced or removed together, the number of pits on the final SIMOX substrate surface can be further reduced.
Here, the inert gas includes argon gas, helium gas, or the like, and the reducing gas includes hydrogen gas. The atmosphere of a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas includes, for example, an atmosphere of a gas mixture of hydrogen and argon or an atmosphere of a gas mixture of helium and hydrogen. The mixing ratio in this case is not particularly limited.
Furthermore, the pre-heat-treatment is carried out within the temperature range of 1000° C. to 1280° C. for five minutes to four hours because it is necessary to dissolve an inner-wall oxide film of crystal defects resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas, particularly void defects called grown-in defects, and then reduce and eliminate grown-in defects adjacent to the surface by drawing upon a gap-filling effect by diffusion of interstitial silicon atoms in void defects where the inner-wall oxide film has been removed. If the pre-heat-treatment was performed at temperatures less than 1000 degrees, it would be difficult to eliminate crystal defects. If the pre-heat-treatment were performed at temperatures more than 1280° C., sublimation of silicon atoms on the silicon surface would be significant, which leads to degradation of roughness on the silicon substrate surface. Here, a preferable temperature range is from 1100° C. to 1250° C. If the pre-heat-treatment were performed for less than five minutes, it would be difficult to eliminate crystal defects sufficiently. If the pre-heat-treatment were continued for more than four hours, the buried oxide film would deteriorate due to sublimation of silicon atoms and out diffusion of ion-implanted oxygen ions. Here, it is preferable that the pre-heat-treatment be performed for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the silicon substrate into which oxygen ions are implanted have crystal defect densities of void defects or COPs greater than or equal to 1×105 cm−3 and a maximum frequency less than or equal to 0.12 μm in the size distribution of crystal defects. In other words, if a substrate having small crystal defects is used, the variation in oxygen ion ranges is small, and therefore, only a minor variation in buried oxide films resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen can occur in the subsequent step. Here, the crystal defect density needs to be greater than or equal to 1×105 cm−3 because, if the crystal defect density were less than 1×105 cm−3, the size of crystal defects would be increased, making it difficult to eliminate the defects during pre-heat-treatment. A preferable defect density is 1×105 cm3 to 1×107 cm−3. Furthermore, the maximum frequency in the size distribution of crystal defects needs to be less than or equal to 0.12 μm because, if the maximum frequency exceeds 0.12 μm, it would be difficult to eliminate crystal defects sufficiently. A more preferable maximum frequency is less than or equal to 0.07 μm.
On the other hand, it is known that when heat treatment at a temperature less than or equal to 1250° C. in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas is completed at the initial stage and then the atmosphere is switched to an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen at that temperature, degradation of microroughness on the silicon substrate surface occurs. Therefore, it is preferable that, after the pre-heat-treatment, the temperature of the silicon substrate be decreased to 600° C. to 1100° C. in an atmosphere of inert gas, reducing gas, or a gas mixture of inert gas and reducing gas before the heat treatment in an atmosphere of a gas mixture of argon and oxygen is performed. In short, a roughness level similar to that of normal SIMOX products is achieved by decreasing the temperature to a level that can prevent degradation of microroughness, more specifically, less than or equal to 1100° C. and introducing oxidizing gas to perform heat treatment for forming a buried oxide film.
The above-described manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate includes an oxygen-ion-implantation step and a pre-heat-treatment step, as shown in, for example, the diagram showing process steps of
As initial materials, the following three types of substrates obtained by processing silicon single crystal of 200 mm in diameter grown by the Czochralski method were prepared. More specifically, (1) a substrate having a maximum crystal defect size of 0.13 to 0.15 μm and a maximum density of 0.5×104 cm−2, (2) a substrate having a maximum crystal defect size of 0.09 to 0.12 μm and a maximum density of 1.0×105 cm−2, and (3) a substrate having a maximum crystal defect size of 0.05 to 0.07 μm and a maximum density of 1.0×107 cm−2 were prepared.
Oxygen ions were implanted into these three types of substrates with an implantation energy of 180 KeV and a dosage of 4.0×1017 cm−2. Next, as shown in
The same substrates as those three types in Example 1 were prepared. Oxygen ions were implanted into these three types of substrates under the same conditions as those in Example 1. Next, as shown in
The same substrates as those three types in Example 1 were prepared. Oxygen ions were implanted into these three types of substrates under the same conditions as those in Example 1. Next, as shown in
Evaluation Test and Evaluation
The substrates (1) to (3) in Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 were checked using a surface-defect detection apparatus. The results are as described below.
In Comparative Example 1, pits were observed in areas where COPs existed on the initial substrates (observed densely around the center of the substrates). As seen in the substrate (3), the higher the crystal defect density, the higher the pit density. More specifically, about ten or more defects per cm2 existed on the SIMOX products surface. Furthermore, the surface haze level measured a value of about 1 to 4 ppb for all samples.
In Example 1, on the other hand, measurements of the haze level were in a variation of about 1 ppb to 1020 ppb for all samples in the heat treatment furnace, although all substrates (1) to (3) had 0.3 to 0.5 pits per cm2. In particular, at the lower portions of the boat, the more significant degradation of haze was observed.
In Example 2, all substrates (1) to (3) had 0.3 to 0.5 pits per cm2, and measurements of the haze level were in a variation of about 1 ppb to 5 ppb for all samples. These measurements are equivalent to those of the conventional SIMOX product.
Consequently, from the above-described results, this invention allows a SIMOX substrate based on a low-cost substrate to exhibit the same level of quality as that of a SIMOX substrate based on a costly substrate.
In the manufacturing method for a SIMOX substrate, an inner-wall oxide film of crystal defects resulting from heat treatment in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas, particularly void defects called grown-in defects, is dissolved, and thereafter grown-in defects adjacent to the surface can be reduced and eliminated by drawing upon a gap-filling effect by diffusion of interstitial silicon atoms in void defects where the inner-wall oxide film has been removed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-211127 | Jul 2004 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP05/13259 | 7/19/2005 | WO | 1/19/2007 |
