Patent Grant
10182842
Field of the Invention
The present application relates to medical devices and, more particularly, to a medical device and method for treating the spine.
Description of the Related Art
The human spine is a flexible weight bearing column formed from a plurality of bones called vertebrae. There are thirty-three vertebrae, which can be grouped into one of five regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal). Moving down the spine, there are generally seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, five sacral vertebrae, and four coccygeal vertebrae. The vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine are typically separate throughout the life of an individual. In contrast, the vertebra of the sacral and coccygeal regions in an adult are fused to form two bones, the five sacral vertebrae which form the sacrum and the four coccygeal vertebrae which form the coccyx.
In general, each vertebra contains an anterior, solid segment or body and a posterior segment or arch. The arch is generally formed of two pedicles and two laminae, supporting seven processes—four articular, two transverse, and one spinous. There are exceptions to these general characteristics of a vertebra. For example, the first cervical vertebra (atlas vertebra) has neither a body nor spinous process. In addition, the second cervical vertebra (axis vertebra) has an odontoid process, which is a strong, prominent process, shaped like a tooth, rising perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body of the axis vertebra. Further details regarding the construction of the spine may be found in such common references as Gray's Anatomy, Crown Publishers, Inc., 1977, pp. 33-54, which is herein incorporated by reference.
The human vertebrae and associated connective elements are subjected to a variety of diseases and conditions which cause pain and disability. Among these diseases and conditions are spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, vertebral instability, spinal stenosis and degenerated, herniated, or degenerated and herniated intervertebral discs. Additionally, the vertebrae and associated connective elements are subject to injuries, including fractures and torn ligaments and surgical manipulations, including laminectomies.
The pain and disability related to the diseases and conditions often result from the displacement of all or part of a vertebra from the remainder of the vertebral column. Over the past two decades, a variety of methods have been developed to restore the displaced vertebra to their normal position and to fix them within the vertebral column. Spinal fusion is one such method. In spinal fusion, one or more of the vertebra of the spine are united together (“fused”) so that motion no longer occurs between them. Thus, spinal fusion is the process by which the damaged disc is replaced and the spacing between the vertebrae is restored, thereby eliminating the instability and removing the pressure on neurological elements that cause pain.
Spinal fusion can be accomplished by providing an intervertebral implant between adjacent vertebrae to recreate the natural intervertebral spacing between adjacent vertebrae. Once the implant is inserted into the intervertebral space, osteogenic substances, such as autogenous bone graft or bone allograft, can be strategically implanted adjacent the implant to prompt bone ingrowth in the intervertebral space. The bone ingrowth promotes long-term fixation of the adjacent vertebrae. Various posterior fixation devices (e.g., fixation rods, screws etc.) can also be utilize to provide additional stabilization during the fusion process.
Notwithstanding the variety of efforts in the prior art described above, these intervertebral implants and techniques are associated with another disadvantage. In particular, these techniques typically involve an open surgical procedure, which results in higher cost, lengthy in-patient hospital stays and the pain associated with open procedures. In addition, many intervertebral implants are inserted anteriorly while posterior fixation devices are inserted posteriorly. This results in additional movement of the patient. Therefore, there remains a need in the art for an improved apparatus and method for introducing an intervertebral implant.
In one embodiment, the implant is advantageously introduced via a minimally invasive procedure, taking a posterolateral approach at least partially through Kambin's triangle in a manner that advantageously provides protection to the exiting and traversing nerves. In one arrangement, to facilitate introduction of instruments and/or devices at least partially through Kambin's triangle a foraminoplasty is formed. In one embodiment, the foraminoplasty is performed using one or more features provided one or more dilation tubes that can be used to dilate tissue.
In accordance with an embodiment, a dilation introducer for orthopedic surgery comprises a first dilator tube having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the outer surface of the first dilator tube having a first outer radius centered around a first longitudinal axis, and a first longitudinal lumen having a first inner radius; a second dilator tube having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the second dilator tube having a second outer radius centered around a second longitudinal axis, a second longitudinal lumen having a second inner radius centered around the first longitudinal axis, the distal portion of the second dilator tube having a generally semi-annular cross-section, the second lumen configured for removably receiving the first dilator tube for slidable movement within the second lumen; wherein the first longitudinal axis is parallel to and laterally offset from the second longitudinal axis.
In some embodiments, the dilation introducer can be configured for removably connecting the first and second dilator tubes together in a locked arrangement, whereby in the locked arrangement slidable movement is restricted. In some embodiments, the second dilator tube can be rotatable with respect to the first dilator tube around the first longitudinal axis. In certain embodiments, the generally semi-annular cross-section of the second dilator tube can be configured such that when the first dilator tube is received within the second dilator tube, the outer radial surface of the first dilator tube is partially exposed at the distal end of the first dilator tube. Further, the opening of the generally semi-annular cross-section of the second dilator tube can be oriented opposite the second longitudinal axis with respect to the first longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, the second dilator tube can contain cutting flutes on one side, located opposite the opening of the generally semi-annular cross-section of the second dilator tube.
In some embodiments, the dilation introducer can further comprise: a third dilator tube having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the third dilator tube having a third outer radius centered around a third longitudinal axis, a third longitudinal lumen having a third inner radius centered around the second longitudinal axis, the distal portion of the third dilator tube having a semi-annular cross-section, the third lumen configured for removably receiving the second dilator tube for slidable movement within the third lumen; wherein the second longitudinal axis is parallel to and laterally offset from the third longitudinal axis. Further, the dilation introducer can comprise: an access cannula having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the access cannula having a fourth outer radius centered around the third longitudinal axis, a fourth longitudinal lumen having a fourth inner radius centered around the third longitudinal axis, the distal portion of the access cannula having a semi-annular cross-section, the fourth lumen configured for removably receiving the third dilator tube for slidable movement within the fourth lumen. In some embodiments, the access cannula can have a smooth outer surface.
In accordance with an embodiment, a method for accessing a patient's intervertebral disc to be treated in orthopedic surgery is provided, comprising the steps of: passing a first dilator tube along a first longitudinal axis through Kambin's triangle until the first dilator tube reaches the intervertebral disc to be treated; passing a second dilator tube along a second longitudinal axis that is parallel to and laterally displaced from the first longitudinal axis, until the distal end of the second dilator contacts the annulus, wherein the second dilator tube has a coarse portion oriented towards the inferior pedicle, and wherein the distal portion of the second dilator tube has a generally semi-annular cross-section, configured such that the second dilator tube does not contact the exiting nerve during insertion.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise: passing a third dilator tube along a third longitudinal axis that is parallel to and laterally displaced from the second longitudinal axis, until the distal end of the third dilator contacts the annulus, wherein the distal portion of the third dilator tube has cutting flutes oriented towards the inferior pedicle, and wherein the distal portion of the third dilator tube has a generally semi-annular cross-section configured such that the third dilator tube does not contact the exiting nerve during insertion. Further, the method can comprise forming a further recess in the inferior pedicle by rotating the second dilator tube back and forth. Alternatively or in addition, the method can further comprise forming a further recess in the inferior pedicle by longitudinally sliding the second dilator tube back and forth. Further still, the method can also comprise: passing an access cannula over the third dilator tube until the distal end of the third dilator contacts the annulus, wherein the distal portion of the access cannula has a generally semi-annular cross-section configured such that the access cannula does not contact the exiting nerve during insertion; rotating the access cannula such that generally semi-annular cross-section opens opposite the exiting nerve; and removing the first, second, and third dilator tubes. In some embodiments, the method can further comprise operating on an intervertebral disc by inserting surgical instruments through the access cannula.
In accordance with an embodiment, a method for performing orthopedic surgery is provided that can comprise: introducing a first dilator tube through Kambin's triangle; introducing a second dilator tube over the first dilator tube; and removing bone from the inferior pedicle. In some embodiments, the method can further comprise: introducing a third dilator tube over the second dilator tube; and removing additional bone from the inferior pedicle. In some embodiments, the method can further comprise: introducing an access cannula over the third dilator tube; and operating on the spine through the access cannula.
In accordance with an embodiment, a dilation introducer for orthopedic surgery is provided that can comprise a first dilator tube having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the outer surface of the first dilator tube having a first outer radius centered around a first longitudinal axis, and a first longitudinal lumen having a first inner radius; and a second dilator tube having a distal portion and a proximal portion, the second dilator tube having a second outer radius centered around a second longitudinal axis, a second longitudinal lumen having a second inner radius centered around the first longitudinal axis, the second dilator tube configured to be slidably advanced over the first dilator tube. In some embodiments, the distal portions first and second dilator tubes both include cutting surfaces on one outer side of the dilator and a generally smooth surface on an opposite outer side of the dilator tube. In some embodiments, the dilation introducer further includes a neuro-monitoring needle.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the operation of the invention.
The abovementioned and other features of the inventions disclosed herein are described below with reference to the drawings of the preferred embodiments. The illustrated embodiments are intended to illustrate, but not to limit the inventions. The drawings contain the following figures:
In accordance with certain embodiments disclosed herein, an improved apparatus for inserting an intervertebral implant is provided. For example, in one embodiment, the apparatus may be used to insert surgical instruments and/or one or more intervertebral implants through a minimally invasive procedure to reduce trauma to the patient and thereby enhance recovery and improve overall results. By minimally invasive, Applicant means a procedure performed percutaneously through an access device in contrast to a typically more invasive open surgical procedure.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein are discussed in the context of an intervertebral implant and spinal fusion because of the device and methods have applicability and usefulness in such a field. The device can be used for fusion, for example, by inserting an intervertebral implant to properly space adjacent vertebrae in situations where a disc has ruptured or otherwise been damaged. “Adjacent” vertebrae can include those vertebrae originally separated only by a disc or those that are separated by intermediate vertebra and discs. Such embodiments can therefore be used to create proper disc height and spinal curvature as required in order to restore normal anatomical locations and distances. However, it is contemplated that the teachings and embodiments disclosed herein can be beneficially implemented in a variety of other operational settings, for spinal surgery and otherwise.
As context for the methods and devices described herein,
Dilation Introducer
Although the illustrated embodiment depicts the first and second dilator tubes as separate elements, in alternative embodiments these two tubes can be coupled formed together as one unified dilator tube with a staggered distal portion. In still other embodiments, the first dilator tube and second dilator tube may be coupled together to form a single component. The tubes may be joined by, for instance, welding, adhesive, mechanical joints, or any other appropriate means.
In another alternative embodiment, the first dilator tube may be omitted. Instead, a Jamshidi® needle with a removable handle, or a similar device, may be used to initially define a path to the intervertebral disc. With the handle of the Jamshidi® needle removed, the second dilator tube may be advanced over the Jamshidi® needle, just as with the first dilator tube. In some embodiments, a K-wire or similar device can be inserted through the Jamshidi® needle and/or dilator tubes.
In some embodiments, a button 67 on the handle 66 allows for the operator to toggle between a locked and unlocked configuration. In a locked configuration, the second and third dilator tubes are unable to slide relative to one another. In an embodiment, the locked configuration permits the dilator tubes to rotate independently with respect to one another. In another embodiment, the locked configuration restrains rotational movement as well as slidable movement. The button 67 may comprise a generally rectangular shape with a cut-out large enough for the collar of the second dilator tube 45 to pass therethrough. A spring located underneath the button 67 provides upward pressure on the button. When uncompressed, the cut-out portion of the button presses firmly against the collar of the second dilator tube 45, which may be received within the handle 66 of the third dilator tube. When uncompressed, the friction of the button 67 against the collar inhibits movement of the third dilator tube 60 with respect to the second dilator tube. In some embodiments, the cut-out portion of the button may form a notch configured to fit within the ridge on the collar of the third dilator tube. Upon compressing the button 67, the cut-out portion of the button may be moved away from the collar, permitting free movement of the third dilator tube 60 relative to the second dilator tube 45.
In some embodiments, a button 37 on the handle 36 allows for the operator to toggle between a locked and unlocked configuration. In a locked configuration, third dilator tube and the access cannula are unable to slide relative to one another. In an embodiment, the locked configuration permits the dilator tubes to rotate independently with respect to one another. In another embodiment, the locked configuration restrains rotational movement as well as slidable movement. The button 37 may comprise a generally rectangular shape with a cut-out large enough for the collar of the third dilator tube 60 to pass therethrough. A spring located beneath the button 37 can provide upward pressure on the button. When uncompressed, the cut-out portion of the button can press firmly against the collar of the third dilator tube 45, which may be received within the handle of the access cannula 30. When uncompressed, the friction of the button 37 against the collar can inhibit movement of the access cannula 30 with respect to the third dilator tube 60. Upon compressing the button 37, the cut-out portion of the button can be moved away from the collar, permitting free movement of the access cannula 30 relative to the third dilator tube 60.
In certain embodiments, the first, second and third dilator tubes along with the access cannula can be provided with additional stops that engage the buttons described above. For example, in one embodiment, notches or detents can be provided that engage the button when one tube is advanced distally and reaches a specific location (e.g., end point). In this manner, forward movement of a tube or cannula can be limited once the tube or cannula may be advanced to a desired location
Method of Use
As discussed above, although the illustrated embodiment shows the first and second dilator tubes as separate elements, in alternative embodiments these two tubes may be formed together as one unified dilator tube with a staggered distal portion. In still other embodiments, the first dilator tube and second dilator tube may be coupled together to form a single component. In these alternative embodiments, the unified or coupled dilator tube may be advanced until the more distal portion abuts or penetrates the intervertebral disc.
In another alternative embodiment, the first dilator tube may be omitted. Instead, a Jamshidi® needle with a removable handle or similar device may be used. In such an embodiment, the Jamshidi® needle may be first introduced to abut or enter the intervertebral disc, after which the handle may be removed. Optionally, a K-wire may be inserted into the Jamshidi® needle after it is in position either abutting or partially penetrating the intervertebral disc. The second dilator tube may then be advanced over the Jamshidi® needle.
With reference now to
As illustrated in
As can be seen in
Referring now to
A example of a surgical tool for use through the access cannula is depicted in
When the first dilator tube 140 is received within the second dilator tube 145, the longitudinal axis 127 of the second longitudinal lumen is essentially aligned with the first longitudinal axis 144. Additionally, the second dilator tube 145 can include cutting flutes or ridges 151 on one side, located opposite the opening of the generally semi-annular cross-section of the second dilator tube 145. In other embodiments, the cutting flutes 151 may be replaced with a coarse surface (e.g., knurling, sharp edges, abrasive members, etc.) which, when rotated or slid (e.g., back and forth) against bone, will create a recess therein. As noted above, other mechanisms for removing bone can be used, and the cutting flutes are shown here by way of example only. As can be seen in
In certain embodiments, the first, second and third dilator tubes 140, 145, 160 along with the access cannula 130 can be provided with additional stops that engage the proximal grip 136 of the access cannula and the handle assembly 183 of the third dilator tube described above. For example, in one embodiment, notches or detents can be provided that engage the proximal grip 136 or handle assembly 183 when one tube is advanced distally and reaches a specific location (e.g., end point). In this manner, forward movement of a tube or cannula can be limited once the tube or cannula is advanced to a desired location
Referring to
The third dilator tube 160 has a distal tip 184 with a flattened edge 185, a proximal portion 182 with a handle assembly 183, and a longitudinal lumen 164. The second dilator tube 145 may be removably received in the longitudinal lumen 164 of the third dilator tube 160 for slidable movement within the third dilator tube 160. The threaded portion 174 of the proximal head 173 of the first dilator tube engages with the interior threaded receiving portion 190 of the handle assembly 183 of the third dilator tube 160. With the proximal head of the first dilator tube affixed to the handle assembly 183, the first and third dilator tubes 140, 160 may be locked together for length and rotation. The second and third dilator tubes may be connected together in a locked configuration with a first latching button 186 disposed on the handle assembly 183 of the third dilator tube 160 and extending through a first aperture 1105 in the handle assembly 183 of the third dilator tube 160, so that the first latching button 186 may be moveable between a radially inward locking position (arrow 1101 ) and a radially outward unlocking position (arrow 1102 ).
The distal end 196 of the first latching button may be removably received in aperture 181 of the second dilator tube 145 so as to engage and lock the second and third dilators together in the locking position. Alternatively, the latching button may be received in a circumferentially oriented groove of the second dilator tube, which may or may not extend completely around the second dilator tube. The first latching button 186 may be pulled radially outwardly to release the second dilator tube 145, to allow the third dilator tube 160 to slide with respect to the second dilator tube 145.
The access cannula 130 has a distal portion 161, a proximal portion 193, a proximal grip 136, and longitudinal lumen 164. The third dilator tube 145 may be removably received within the access cannula 130 for slidable movement within the longitudinal lumen 131 of the access cannula 130. The third dilator tube 145 and the access cannula 130 also have a locked configuration in which the access cannula 130 may be not permitted to slidably telescope over the third dilator tube 145.
The proximal portion 193 of the access cannula 130 includes a proximal grip 136 with a larger diameter portion 198 and a smaller diameter portion 199. The smaller diameter portion 199 may be sized to fit under an overhanging lip 191 of the third dilator tube, when the longitudinal axes of the third dilator tube and access cannula may be aligned. There may be a circumferentially oriented channel 1107 in the exterior of the smaller diameter portion 919 for receiving a distal end 197 of a second latching button 187. The circumferentially oriented channel 1107 does not need to extend completely around the exterior of the smaller diameter portion 199.
The third dilator tube 145 and the access cannula 130 may be connected together in a locked configuration with the second latching button 187 disposed on the overhanging lip 191 of the handle assembly 183 of the third dilator tube 145. The second latching button extends through an aperture 1106 in the overhanging lip 191 of the handle assembly 183 and may be movable between a radially inward locking position (arrow 194) and a radially outward unlocking position (arrow 195). The distal end 197 of the second latching button 187 may be removably received in the channel 107 located in the smaller diameter portion 199 of the access cannula 130, in the locking position, to lock the third dilator tube 45 and the access cannula 130 in the locked assembled configuration. The second latching button 187 may be pulled radially outward to release the access cannula 130 to slide to the unlocked configuration. Furthermore, the second and third dilator tubes 140, 145 may be removed together as a unit from the access cannula 130. In other words, the first dilator tube 140 and second dilator tube 145 can be kept locked together and can be removed from the access cannula 130 by unlocking the second latching button 187 alone. An advantage of this embodiment is that the latching buttons 186, 187 may be both removable from the surgical field with the release of the third dilator tube from the access cannula 130.
The access cannula being free of protuberances, such as the latching buttons, is less likely to catch surgical sponges and sutures, for example, on the dilation introducer.
Dilation Introducer with Neuro-Monitoring
The neuro-monitoring needle 1108 can be made from several components. The wire 1108 portion can be stainless steel coated with dielectric coating 1112 of parylene. The distal tip 1111 of the wire 1109 can be exposed so that it can transmit current. The needle cannula 1110 which covers the wire 1109 can also comprise stainless steel coated with parylene. In some embodiments, this needle cannula could also be described as an exchange tube where once the wire is removed a K-wire could be placed down it and into the disc space. The wire 1109 can be attached to a handle at the proximal end ultimately protrude from the handle, serving as the electrode to attach a neuromonitoring system. In some embodiments, the proximal diameter can be parylene coated, while the rest of the wire 1109 can be uncoated to transmit the current.
The wire 1109 may comprise a conductive material, such as silver, copper, gold, aluminum, platinum, stainless steel, etc. A constant current may be applied to the wire 1109. The needle cannula 1110 may be insulated by dielectric coating 1112. Although the coating shown here is dielectric, any sufficiently insulative coating may be used. Alternatively, an insulative sleeve may encase the wire. This arrangement protects the conductive wire 1109 at all points except the most distal tip 1111. As the exposed tip of the wire 1109 is advanced through the tissue, it continues to be supplied with current. When the tip 1111 approaches a nerve, the nerve may be stimulated. The degree of stimulation to the nerve is related to the distance between the distal tip 1111 and the nerve. Stimulation of the nerve may be measured by, e.g., visually observing the patient's leg for movement, or by measuring muscle activity through electromyography (EMG) or various other known techniques.
Utilizing this configuration may provide the operator with added guidance as to the positioning of the first dilator tube to the surgical access point and through Kambin's triangle. With each movement, the operator may be alerted when the tip of the first dilator tube approaches or comes into contact with a nerve. The operator may use this technique alone or in conjunction with other positioning assistance techniques such as fluoroscopy and tactile feedback. The amount of current applied to the wire 1109 may be varied depending on the preferred sensitivity. Naturally, the greater the current supplied, the greater nerve stimulation will result at a given distance from the nerve. In various embodiments the current applied to the conductive wire 1109 may not be constant, but rather periodic or irregular. Alternatively, pulses of current may be provided only on demand from the operator.
Although not shown here, a similar configuration may be applied to the second and third dilator tubes, and to the access cannula. Each may include a conductive wire embedded within the tube, or it may be separately attached. In either configuration, a distal tip of conductive wire may be exposed and the wire may be provided with current. As the dilator tube or access cannula is advanced through the tissue and towards the access site, nerve stimulation may be monitored as described above. The current supplied to each of the first, second, and third dilator tubes and to the access cannula may be controlled independently, so that when nerve stimulation is observed, the operator may supply current separately to each wire to determine which wire or wires are nearest to the nerve. Alternatively, current may be supplied only to one wire at any given point in the procedure. For example, the current may be supplied to the wire associated with the dilator tube or access cannula that is being moved at that point in the operation.
In some embodiments, the second and third dilator tubes can comprise aluminum that has been anodized and then coated with parylene. Certain areas of the second and third dilator tubes can be masked from the anodization and parylene coating so that they can transmit the current. For example, the distal tips of the second and third dilator tubes can be exposed so as to conduct current therethrough. The exposed portions can be passivated to resist rusting, pitting, or corrosion. The exposed portions can be made by using a stainless steel pin pressed into the second and third dilator tubes. The pin can aid in locating the second and third dilator tubes on x-ray or fluoroscopy, and additionally can faciliatate the transmission of current through the second and third dilator tubes to the area of contact. Electrode attachments for the second and third dilator tubes can be coated with parylene on the proximal larger diameter to prevent current from flowing into the user. The rest of the electrode can be uncoated, but passivated to resist rusting, pitting, or corrosion. The electrodes can attach such that the current is transmitted to the internal area of the second and third dilator tubes so that it can be transmitted distally through the exposed areas on the tips of the tubes. These tubes are attached to Radel handles, which being a polymer are also insulators. The third dilator tube can be made from stainless steel, coated with nylon or other polymer, such as Teflon, followed by a parylene coating. In embodiments in which the dilator tube comprises stainless steel, no additional x-ray marker is required.
Although the method as described above utilizes an embodiment of the dilation introducer as shown in
Alternatively, the dilation introducer equipped with neuro-monitoring, as shown in
Implant
With respect to the implant 80 described above, the implant 80 can comprise any of a variety of types of interbody devices configured to be placed between vertebral bodies. The implant 80 can be formed from a metal (e.g., titanium) or a non-metal material such as plastics, PEEK™, polymers, and rubbers. Further, the implant components can be made of combinations of non metal materials (e.g., PEEK™, polymers) and metals. The implant 80 can be configured with a fixed or substantially fixed height, length and width as shown, for example, in the embodiment of
Additional detail of one embodiment of such an expandable implant can be found in
In addition, it is contemplated that some embodiments of the implant 200 can be configured such that the upper and lower body portions 202, 204 each include side portions (shown as upper side portion 240 of the upper body portion 202 and lower side portion 242 of the lower body portion 204) that project therefrom and facilitate the alignment, interconnection, and stability of the components of the implant 200.
Furthermore, as described further below, the complementary structures can also include motion limiting portions that prevent expansion of the implant beyond a certain height. This feature can also tend to ensure that the implant is stable and does not disassemble during use.
In some embodiments, the actuator shaft 210 can facilitate expansion of the implant 200 through rotation, longitudinal contract of the pin, or other mechanisms. The actuator shaft 210 can include threads that threadably engage at least one of the proximal and distal wedge members 206, 208. The actuator shaft 210 can also facilitate expansion through longitudinal contraction of the actuator shaft as proximal and distal collars disposed on inner and outer sleeves move closer to each other to in turn move the proximal and distal wedge members closer together. It is contemplated that in other embodiments, at least a portion of the actuator shaft can be axially fixed relative to one of the proximal and distal wedge members 206, 208 with the actuator shaft being operative to move the other one of the proximal and distal wedge members 206, 208 via rotational movement or longitudinal contraction of the pin.
Further, in embodiments wherein the actuator shaft 210 is threaded, it is contemplated that the actuator shaft 210 can be configured to bring the proximal and distal wedge members closer together at different rates. In such embodiments, the implant 200 could be expanded to a V-configuration or wedged shape. For example, the actuator shaft 210 can comprise a variable pitch thread that causes longitudinal advancement of the distal and proximal wedge members at different rates. The advancement of one of the wedge members at a faster rate than the other could cause one end of the implant to expand more rapidly and therefore have a different height that the other end. Such a configuration can be advantageous depending on the intervertebral geometry and circumstantial needs.
In other embodiments, the implant 200 can be configured to include anti-torque structures 250. The anti-torque structures 250 can interact with at least a portion of a deployment tool during deployment of the implant to ensure that the implant maintains its desired orientation (see
According to yet other embodiments, the implant 200 can be configured to include one or more apertures 252 to facilitate osseointegration of the implant 200 within the intervertebral space. As mentioned above, the implant 200 may contain one or more bioactive substances, such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic substances, angiogenic growth factors, substances for accelerating the healing of the wound, growth hormones, antithrombogenic agents, bone growth accelerators or agents, and the like. Indeed, various biologics can be used with the implant 200 and can be inserted into the disc space or inserted along with the implant 200. The apertures 252 can facilitate circulation and bone growth throughout the intervertebral space and through the implant 200. In such implementations, the apertures 252 can thereby allow bone growth through the implant 200 and integration of the implant 200 with the surrounding materials.
The protrusions 260 can be configured in various patterns. As shown, the protrusions 260 can be formed from grooves extending widthwise along the bottom surface 262 of the implant 200 (also shown extending from a top surface 264 of the upper body portion 202 of the implant 200). The protrusions 260 can become increasingly narrow and pointed toward their apex. However, it is contemplated that the protrusions 260 can be one or more raised points, cross-wise ridges, or the like.
As illustrated in
Referring again to
Furthermore, in
Accordingly, in such an embodiment, the wedge members 206, 208 may not be separable from the implant when the implant 200 is in the unexpanded state (as shown in
Such an embodiment of the implant 200 can therefore be assembled by placing or engaging the wedge members 206, 208 with the actuator shaft 210, moving the wedge members 206, 208 axially together, and inserting the upper guide members 230, 232 into the slots 220 of the upper body portion 202 and the lower guide members 270, 272 into the slots 222 of the lower body portion 204. The wedge members 206, 208 can then be moved apart, which movement can cause the guide members and slots to engage and bring the upper and lower body portions toward each other. The implant 200 can then be prepared for insertion and deployment by reducing the implant 200 to the unexpanded state.
During assembly of the implant 200, the upper and lower body portions 202, 204 can be configured to snap together to limit expansion of the implant 200. For example, the upper and lower side portions 240, 242 can comprise upper and lower motion-limiting structures 280, 282, as shown in the cross-sectional view of
Referring again to
In accordance with an embodiment, the actuator shaft 210 can also comprise a tool engagement section 296 and a proximal engagement section 298. The tool engagement section 296 can be configured as a to be engaged by a tool, as described further below. The tool engagement section 296 can be shaped as a polygon, such as a hex shape. As shown, the tool engagement section 296 is star shaped and includes six points, which configuration tends to facilitate the transfer of torque to the actuator shaft 210 from the tool. Other shapes and configurations can also be used.
Furthermore, the proximal engagement section 298 of the actuator shaft 210 can comprise a threaded aperture. The threaded aperture can be used to engage a portion of the tool for temporarily connecting the tool to the implant 200. It is also contemplated that the proximal engagement section 298 can also engage with the tool via a snap or press fit.
Referring now to
According to an embodiment, the handle section 402 can comprise a fixed portion 410, and one or more rotatable portions, such as the rotatable deployment portion 412 and the rotatable tethering portion 414. In such an embodiment, the tethering portion 414 can be used to attach the implant to the tool 400 prior to insertion and deployment. The deployment portion 412 can be used to actuate the implant and rotate the actuator shaft thereof for expanding the implant. Then, after the implant is expanded and properly placed, the tethering portion 414 can again be used to untether or decouple the implant from the tool 400.
Further, the distal engagement section 404 can comprise a fixed portion 420, an anti-torque component 422, a tethering rod (element 424 shown in
For example, as illustrated in
As shown in
In some embodiments, the tool 400 can be prepared for a single-use and can be packaged with an implant preloaded onto the tool 400. This arrangement can facilitate the use of the implant and also provide a sterile implant and tool for an operation. Thus, the tool 400 can be disposable after use in deploying the implant.
Referring again to
In an embodiment, the slider element 452 and an internal cavity 456 of the tool can be configured such that the slider element 452 is provided only translational movement in the longitudinal direction of the tool 400. Accordingly, as the deployment portion 412 is rotated, the thread component 454 is also rotated. In such an embodiment, as the thread component 454 rotates and is in engagement with the slider component 452, the slider element 452 can be incrementally moved from an initial position within the cavity 456 in response to the rotation of the deployment portion 412. An indicator 458 can thus be longitudinally moved and viewed to allow the gauge 440 to visually indicate the expansion and/or height of the implant 200. In such an embodiment, the gauge 440 can comprises a transparent window through which the indicator 458 on the slider element 452 can be seen. In the illustrated embodiment, the indicator 458 can be a marking on an exterior surface of the slider element 452.
In embodiments where the tool 400 can be reused, the reset button 450 can be utilized to zero out the gauge 440 to a pre-expansion setting. In such an embodiment, the slider element 452 can be spring-loaded, as shown with the spring 460 in
Additional details and embodiments of an expandable implant can be found in U.S. Patent Application No 2008/0140207, filed Dec. 7, 2007 as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/952,900, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
Bone Rasp
Another example of a surgical tool for use through the access cannula is a bone rasp. One embodiment of such an bone rasp can be found in
The entire assembly, including the elongate body 810, open sleeve 808, and scraping component 812 are dimensioned such that the rasping tool 800 can slide longitudinally within the access cannula 30. In use, the rasp tool 800 may be inserted through the access cannula until it reaches the intervertebral disc space. Using the handle 716, a physician may slide the elongate body 810 and scraping component 812 backward and forward, while the open sleeve 808 remains stationary relative to the access cannula 30. In other embodiments, the open sleeve 808 is omitted, and the elongate body 810 is inserted directly into the access cannula 30, and is dimensioned to slidably move within it. In certain embodiments, the elongate body 808 may freely rotate within the open sleeve 808, or within the access cannula 30, in order to permit the physician to rasp a surface at any desired angle. In other embodiments, the orientation of the elongate body 808 may be fixed, such that rasping is only permitted along a predetermined angle relative to the access cannula.
In certain embodiments, the rasping tool may be expandable. For example, a rasp tool 800 can be configured to define an unexpanded configuration. When the tool 800 is initially inserted into the working sleeve, the tool 800 can be positioned in the unexpanded configuration. After the tool 800 is advanced into the intervertebral disc, the tool 800 can be expanded to the expanded configuration.
The tool 800 can comprise an elongated body 810 and one or more scraping components 812. The scraping components 812 can each comprise an outer surface that is configured to scrape or create friction against the disc. For example, the outer surfaces can be generally arcuate and provide an abrasive force when in contact with the interior portion of the disc. In particular, it is contemplated that once the tool 800 is expanded, the scraping components 812 can rasp or scrape against the vertebral end plates of the disc from within an interior cavity formed in the disc. In this manner, the tool 800 can prepare the surfaces of the interior of the disc by removing any additional gelatinous nucleus material, as well as smoothing out the general contours of the interior surfaces of the disc. The rasping may thereby prepare the vertebral endplates for fit with the implant as well as to promote bony fusion between the vertebrae and the implant. Due to the preparation of the interior surfaces of the disc, the placement and deployment of the implant will tend to be more effective.
It is contemplated that the tool 800 can comprise an expansion mechanism that allows the scraping components 812 to move from the unexpanded to the expanded configuration. For example, the tool 800 can be configured such that the scraping components 812 expand from an outer dimension or height of approximately 9 mm to approximately 13 mm. In this regard, the expansion mechanism can be configured similarly to the expansion mechanisms of the implants disclosed herein, the disclosure for which is incorporated here and will not be repeated.
Further, it is contemplated that the scraping components 812 can comprise one or more surface structures, such as spikes, blades, apertures, etc. that allow the scraping components 812 to not only provide an abrasive force, but that also allowed the scraping components 812 to remove material from the disc. In this regard, as in any of the implementations of the method, a cleaning tool can be used to remove loosened, scraped, or dislodged disc material. Accordingly, in various embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, and embodiment of the tool 800 can be used to prepare the implant site (the interior cavity of the disc) to optimize the engagement of the implant with the surfaces of the interior of the disc (the vertebral end plates).
After the implant site has been prepared, the implant can be advanced through the second working sleeve into the disc cavity. Once positioned, the implant can be expanded to its expanded configuration. For example, the implant can be expanded from approximately 9 mm to approximately 12.5 mm. The surgeon can adjust the height and position of the implant as required. Additionally, other materials or implants can then be installed prior to the removal of the second working sleeve and closure of the implant site.
Graft Delivery Device
With reference now to
The bent shaft 912 includes a central lumen 916 which runs from the opening of the receptacle at the proximal end to the distal opening of the funnel assembly 910. The plunger assembly 900 is configured to be slidably received within the funnel assembly 910. Accordingly, the dimensions of the distal tip 906, flexible member 904 and the elongate shaft 902 are such that they may slide into the opening at the receptacle 914 of the funnel assembly 910. As the plunger assembly 900 is advanced through the lumen 916 of the funnel assembly 910, the distal tip 906 may reach the bent portion of the bent shaft 912. Due to the pliable nature of flexible member 904, the distal tip 906 may be advanced along lumen 916 through the curve in bent shaft 912. The plunger knob 908 may be configured to be mated with the receptacle 914, such that when the plunger assembly 900 is fully advanced into the funnel assembly 910, the plunger knob 908 contacts the receptacle 914. As shown, the receptacle 914 has a hollow conical shape, with the plunger knob 908 having a corresponding conical surface. The shapes of both the receptacle 914 and plunger knob 908 may be varied, and need not be limited to conical shapes, nor even to corresponding shapes. Slot 918 is an opening on the outer surface of bent shaft 912, and may be positioned near the distal end of the funnel assembly 910. The slot 918 may provide for an additional aperture through which bone graft material may flow during injection to the treatment site, as described in more detail below.
In use, bone graft material is introduced into the lumen 916 of the funnel assembly 910. The bone graft material may either be introduced through the receptacle 914 at the proximal end, or it may be back-filled by inserting the bone graft material through the opening in the distal end of the funnel assembly 910. Upon insertion of the plunger assembly 900 into the funnel assembly 910, the distal tip 906 pushes the bone graft material along the length of the bent shaft 912 and eventually out of the funnel assembly 910.
It should also be noted that bone chips and/or autograft must be made into pieces small enough to flow through the funnel assembly 910. Otherwise, the funnel assembly 910 may become congested and the bone graft may not flow into the target site as desired.
Once the bone graft material is loaded into the funnel assembly, the bone graft material can be deployed at the target site. The funnel assembly can be inserted into the access cannula until the distal tip of the funnel assembly is positioned adjacent to the target site. The location of the distal tip of the funnel instrument can be modified to any desired location for deploying the graft material at the target site. Due to the bend in the funnel assembly 910, the device may be rotated within the access cannula in order to achieve different angles of approach. The bend may therefore provide for improved access to different regions of the intervertebral disc space. Then, inserting the plunger assembly 900 through the funnel assembly 910, a desired amount of graft material can be injected at the target site. In certain embodiments, the funnel assembly 910 and plunger assembly 900 can each be placed over a k-wire. The plunger assembly 900 can then be advanced into the funnel assembly 910 to deploy the graft into the disc.
As the bone graft material flows through the lumen 916 of funnel assembly 910, it passes slot 918 near the distal end of the bent tube 912. In some embodiments, the opening of slot 918 is smaller than the opening of lumen 916, such that, absent backpressure, bone graft material preferentially exits the funnel assembly 910 through the distal opening of lumen 916. As the target site is filled with bone graft material, however, it may become increasingly difficult to advance the plunger assembly 900 and introduce new bone graft material through the lumen 916. In the event that such resistance is present, some of the bone graft material may be forced through slot 918, thereby providing an alternate distribution route for the bone graft material. In certain embodiments, a plurality of slots 918 may be provided around the circumference of bent shaft 912. The position of slot 918 may be varied depending on the desired distribution of bone graft material at the treatment site. As discussed above, the funnel assembly 910 may be rotated within the access cannula, allowing for bone graft material exiting the slot 918 to be deposited in various locations at the treatment site.
Once the implant and, if applicable, bone graft material have been inserted into the intervertebral disc space, supplemental internal spinal fixation can be employed to facilitate fusion. For example, spinal fixation can include facet screw fixation systems, facet compression devices, and/or posterior pedicle screw and rod systems.
Although the embodiments shown herein depict a dilation introducer with three dilator tubes and one access cannula, other variations are possible. For instance, as noted above, a dilation introducer may include only two dilator tubes and an access cannula. In another embodiment, a dilation introducer may include four or more dilator tubes and an access cannula. In a modified arrangement, the access cannula would be replaced by a dilator tube, wherein the dilator tube with cutting flutes would remain in place, with the inner dilator tubes removed to provide access for surgical tools. The skilled artisan will readily ascertain that many variations of this sort are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The specific dimensions of any of the embodiment disclosed herein can be readily varied depending upon the intended application, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art in view of the disclosure herein. Moreover, although the present inventions have been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments of the inventions including variations in the number of parts, dimensions, configuration and materials will be apparent to those of skill in the art in view of the disclosure herein. In addition, all features discussed in connection with any one embodiment herein can be readily adapted for use in other embodiments herein to form various combinations and sub-combinations. The use of different terms or reference numerals for similar features in different embodiments does not imply differences other than those which may be expressly set forth. Accordingly, the present inventions are intended to be described solely by reference to the appended claims, and not limited to the preferred embodiments disclosed herein.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/454,418, filed Aug. 7, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/934,003, filed Jul. 2, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/416,889, filed Mar. 9, 2012, which claim priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/530,031, filed Sep. 1, 2011, to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/504,120, filed Jul. 1, 2011, to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/471,030, filed Apr. 1, 2011 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/451,379, filed Mar. 10, 2011, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/416,889 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/245,130, filed Sep. 26, 2011. The entire disclosures of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/416,889, filed Mar. 9, 2012, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/530,031, filed Sep. 1, 2011, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/504,120, filed Jul. 1, 2011, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/471,030, filed Apr. 1, 2011, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/451,379, filed Mar. 10, 2011, and U.S. application Ser. No. 13/245,130, filed Sep. 26, 2011 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties and should be considered a part of this specification.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4573448 | Kambin | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4625725 | Davison et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
| 5342365 | Waldman | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5387215 | Fisher | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5395317 | Kambin | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5484437 | Michelson | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5540693 | Fisher | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5554191 | Lahille et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5730754 | Obenchain | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5749889 | Bacich et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5762629 | Kambin | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5810776 | Bacich et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5865847 | Kohrs et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5885300 | Tokuhashi | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5964761 | Kambin | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5968098 | Winslow | Oct 1999 | A |
| 6102950 | Vaccaro | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6175758 | Kambin | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6224603 | Marino | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6251140 | Marino et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6290724 | Marino | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6368325 | McKinley et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6395007 | Bhatnagar et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6511481 | von Hoffmann et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6575899 | Foley et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6575979 | Cragg | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6595998 | Johnson et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6596008 | Kambin | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6648915 | Sazy | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6682535 | Sharkey et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6733496 | Sharkey et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6740090 | Cragg et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6764491 | Frey et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6790210 | Cragg et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6830570 | Frey et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6843804 | Bryan | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6852126 | Ahlgren | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6887243 | Culbert | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6890333 | von Hoffmann et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6908465 | von Hoffmann et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6921403 | Cragg et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 7041107 | Pohjonen et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7128760 | Michelson | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| D536096 | Hoogland et al. | Jan 2007 | S |
| 7226481 | Kuslich | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7261738 | Casey | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7267683 | Sharkey et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7282061 | Sharkey et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7309336 | Ashley et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7320688 | Foley et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7361140 | Ries et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7361193 | Frey et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7400930 | Sharkey et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7410501 | Michelson | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7445636 | Michelson | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| D584812 | Ries | Jan 2009 | S |
| 7473256 | Assell et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7481812 | Frey et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7534269 | Casey | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7547317 | Cragg | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7556651 | Humphreys et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7588574 | Assell et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7641657 | Cragg | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7641670 | Davison et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7647123 | Sharkey et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7648523 | Mirkovic et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7655012 | DiPoto et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7670354 | Davison et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7674273 | Davison et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7682370 | Pagliuca et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7690381 | Bartish, Jr. et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7691120 | Shluzas et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7717944 | Foley et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7722530 | Davison | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7727263 | Cragg | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7740633 | Assell et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7744599 | Cragg | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7763025 | Assell et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7763055 | Foley | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7766930 | DiPoto et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7771479 | Humphreys et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7776094 | McKinley et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7794463 | Cragg | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7799032 | Assell et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7799033 | Assell et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7799034 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7799036 | Davison et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7811303 | Fallin et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7819921 | Grotz | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7824410 | Simonson et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7824429 | Culbert et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7837734 | Zucherman et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7850695 | Pagliuca et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7850733 | Baynham et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7857832 | Culbert et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7862595 | Foley et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7867259 | Foley et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7875077 | Humphreys et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7892171 | Davison et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7892249 | Davison et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7901438 | Culbert et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7901459 | Hodges et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7931689 | Hochschuler et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7938832 | Culbert et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7972382 | Foley et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7993377 | Culbert et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7998176 | Culbert | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8062375 | Glerum et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8105382 | Olmos et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8109977 | Culbert et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8133232 | Levy et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8137404 | Lopez et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8147549 | Metcalf et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8157845 | Warnick et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8216316 | Kirschman | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8252060 | Hansell et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8262736 | Michelson | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8273129 | Baynham et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8317866 | Palmatier et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8366777 | Matthis et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8394129 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8398713 | Weiman | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8518087 | Lopez et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8551092 | Morgan et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8568481 | Olmos et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8574301 | Curran et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8597333 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8623021 | Ries et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8679183 | Glerum et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8685098 | Glerum et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8685103 | Hansell et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8690921 | Dwyer et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8709088 | Kleiner et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8728123 | Bucci et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8734458 | O'Halloran et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8747475 | Kuslich | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8758440 | Seifert et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8771277 | Zappacosta et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8821378 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8845731 | Weiman | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8845732 | Weiman | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8845734 | Weiman | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8852242 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8852243 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8852279 | Weiman | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8858598 | Seifert et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8864773 | Paul et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8864833 | Glerum et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8870880 | Himmelberger et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8870957 | Vraney et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8888853 | Glerum et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8888854 | Glerum et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8906069 | Hansell et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8906094 | Roche et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8936626 | Tohmeh et al. | Jan 2015 | B1 |
| 8940048 | Butler et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8956361 | Davenport et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8961606 | Laskowitz et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8998952 | Fauth et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 8998964 | Robinson | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 8998991 | Bennett et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9011493 | Zappacosta et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9017410 | Hansell et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9034041 | Wolters et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9034045 | Davenport et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9039769 | O'Halloran et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9039771 | Glerum et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9044276 | Pagano | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9044342 | Perloff et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9277928 | Morgenstern Lopez | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9387313 | Culbert et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9486149 | Morgenstern et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 20020091387 | Hoogland | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020147485 | Mamo et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20030028251 | Mathews | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20040059339 | Roehm et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040106999 | Mathews | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040133280 | Trieu | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040266257 | Ries et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050021031 | Foley et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050080443 | Fallin et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050090899 | Dipoto | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050118550 | Turri | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050154467 | Peterman et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050171608 | Peterman et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050171610 | Humphreys et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050222681 | Richley et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050256525 | Culbert et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060004398 | Binder et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060030756 | Usher et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060036241 | Siegal | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060094976 | Bleich | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060111714 | Foley | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060129244 | Ensign | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060142776 | Iwanari | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060178745 | Bartish et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060178746 | Bartish et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060247778 | Ferree et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20070093841 | Hoogland | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070123891 | Ries et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070123892 | Ries et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185491 | Foley et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233244 | Lopez et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233253 | Bray et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255281 | Simonton et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070260318 | Lawson | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070282449 | de Villiers et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080015699 | Voydeville | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080015703 | Casey | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080039842 | Sweeney | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080058598 | Ries et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077148 | Ries et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080125864 | de Villiers et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140207 | Olmos et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080300685 | Carls et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080306481 | Farr et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090062807 | Song | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090093885 | Levieux et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090149857 | Culbert et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090182429 | Humphreys et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090187246 | Foley | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090216196 | Drontle et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090240335 | Arcenio et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275890 | Leibowitz et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090292361 | Lopez | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100040332 | Van Den Meersschaut et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082109 | Greenhalgh et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100114147 | Biyani | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100191336 | Greenhalgh | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100211176 | Greenhalgh | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100241160 | Murphy | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268231 | Kuslich et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268341 | Dvorak et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100286787 | Villiers et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100292700 | Ries | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100298938 | Humphreys et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100318134 | Roche et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100331891 | Culbert et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110040332 | Culbert et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110054538 | Zehavi et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110071527 | Nelson et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110098531 | To | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110098628 | Yeung et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110130838 | Morgenstern Lopez | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144687 | Kleiner | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110153020 | Abdelgany et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110172774 | Varela | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110184234 | Morgenstren et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110208226 | Fatone et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110230965 | Schell et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238072 | Tyndall | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282453 | Greenhalgh et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20120059474 | Weiman | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120059475 | Weiman | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120059480 | Schell et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120065734 | Barrett et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120089228 | Poulos | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120150304 | Suh | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120150305 | Suh | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158146 | Suh | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158147 | Suh | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158148 | Suh | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120185049 | Varela | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120191194 | Olmos et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120197405 | Cuevas et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120203347 | Weiman | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120226357 | Varela | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120232552 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120232658 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120265309 | Weiman | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120277864 | Brodke et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120290090 | Weiman | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120290091 | Kirschman | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120290097 | Cipoletti et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120323328 | Weiman | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330421 | Weiman | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330422 | Weiman | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130006361 | Weiman | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130023993 | Weiman | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130023994 | Glerum | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130053894 | Gamache et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130190769 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130289726 | Curran et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130297027 | Cowan | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20140058513 | Iott | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140067069 | Lopez | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140074242 | Hansell | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140100595 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140100660 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140128977 | Glerum et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140135846 | Butler et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140135934 | Hansell et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140142641 | Black et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140142701 | Weiman | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140155695 | Jansen et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140163620 | Dwyer et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140163682 | Lott et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140163685 | Hansell et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140172101 | Glerum | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140214164 | Schell et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140214165 | Schell et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140236296 | Schular | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140249630 | Weiman | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140257296 | Morgenstern Lopez | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140257490 | Himmelberger et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277473 | Perrow | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277487 | Sibson | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277489 | Silber | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277490 | Fromhold | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140288606 | Pagano | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303731 | Glerum | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303732 | Rhoda et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140316427 | Rhoda et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140316522 | Weiman et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140324171 | Glerum et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140371797 | Seifert et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150012101 | Glerum et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150018883 | Bucci et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150025633 | Mclaughlin et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150045889 | Klimek et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150051647 | Suh | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150051701 | Glerum et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150051703 | Glerum et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150051704 | Duffield et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150057754 | Reed et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150066087 | Ingalhalikar et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150073418 | Landes | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150073487 | Crawford et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150080896 | To et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150094610 | Morgenstern Lopez et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150094811 | Roche et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150100123 | Weiman | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150100124 | Whipple | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150100128 | Glerum et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150100130 | Perrow | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150100131 | Rhoda et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150112398 | Morgenstern et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150173917 | Radcliffe et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150182234 | Mahoney et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150223948 | Lopez | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2829160 | Sep 2012 | CA |
| 1984613 | Jun 2007 | CN |
| 101573069 | Nov 2009 | CN |
| 1468652 | Oct 2004 | EP |
| 2096982 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2331023 | Jun 2011 | EP |
| 2683310 | Jan 2014 | EP |
| 2890332 | Jul 2015 | EP |
| 2094077 | Jan 1997 | ES |
| 2279733 | Aug 2007 | ES |
| 2334622 | Mar 2010 | ES |
| 2361099 | Jun 2011 | ES |
| 2006-500168 | Jan 2006 | JP |
| 2008-508943 | Mar 2008 | JP |
| 2010-540196 | Dec 2010 | JP |
| 10-2009-0086561 | Aug 2009 | KR |
| 9729680 | Aug 1997 | WO |
| 0076409 | Dec 2000 | WO |
| 0321308 | Mar 2003 | WO |
| 2006017507 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| 2007119212 | Oct 2007 | WO |
| 2008064842 | Jun 2008 | WO |
| 2009046414 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| 2009147527 | Dec 2009 | WO |
| 2009152919 | Dec 2009 | WO |
| 2010115134 | Oct 2010 | WO |
| 2010136170 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| 2010148112 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| 2011079910 | Jul 2011 | WO |
| 2011142761 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2011150350 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2012122294 | Sep 2012 | WO |
| 2014036178 | Mar 2014 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Suess et al., Motor Nerve Root Monitoring During Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Sequestrectomy Under General Anesthesia for Intra- and Extraforaminal Lumbar Disc Herniation, Zentralbl Neurochir, 2005, 66, 190-201. |
| Sep. 24, 2013 International Preliminary Report on Patentability (and Written Opinion) for PCT Applicaton No. PCT/US2012/029707, the PCT counterpart of the present application. |
| Sep. 10, 2013 International Preliminary Report on Patentability (and Written Opinion) for PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/028110, the PCT counterpart of the present application. |
| ProMap tm EMG Navigation Probe. Technical Brochure Spineology Inc., Dated May 2009. |
| Osman, et al., Endoscopic transforaminal decompression, interbody fusion, and percutaneous pedicle screw implantation of the lumbar spine: A case series report, Intl Journal of Spine Surgery, (6), 2012, 157-166. |
| Morgenstern R; Transforaminal Endoscopic Stenosis Surgery—A Comparative Study of Laser and Reamed Foraminoplasty, In: European Musculoskeletal Review, Issue 1, 2009. |
| Kambin et al., “Percutaneous Posterolaterial Discectomy”, Anatomy and Mechanism; Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.; Oct. 1987, 223: 145-154. |
| Kambin et al., Percutaneous Lateral Discectomy of the Lumbar Spine: A Preliminary Report; Clin. Orthop.; 1983; 174: 127-132. |
| Jun. 25, 2012 International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/028110, the PCT counterpart of the present application. |
| Iprenburg, Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy: The Thessys Method, Chapter 5(4), 2008, 65-81. |
| Iprenburg, et al., “Transforaminal Endoscopic Survey in Lumbar Disc Herniation in an Economic Crisis—The TESSYS Method”, US Musculoskeletal, 2008, pp. 47-49. |
| Gray's Anatomy, Crown Publishers, Inc., 1977, pp. 33-54. |
| Folman, et al., Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Disc Disease Using a Minimally Invasive B-Twin Expandable Spinal Spacer, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, 2003, vol. 16, No. 5, 455-460. |
| Chinese Search Report re CN Application No. 2012800224798, dated Mar. 30, 2015, FA provided the translation on May 11, 2015. |
| Australian Examination Report, re AU Application No. 201225473, dated Aug. 11, 2015. |
| Alfen, et al., “Developments in the Area of Edoscopic Spine Surgery”, European Musculoskeletal Review 2006, pp. 23-24, Thessys TM, Transforminal Endoscopic Spine System, Medical Solutions, ioimax Registered. |
| May 23, 20116 Australian Second Exam Report for Application No. AU 2012225473, the Australian counterpart of the present application. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170150991 A1 | Jun 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61530031 | Sep 2011 | US | |
| 61504120 | Jul 2011 | US | |
| 61471030 | Apr 2011 | US | |
| 61451379 | Mar 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14454418 | Aug 2014 | US |
| Child | 15290335 | US | |
| Parent | 13934003 | Jul 2013 | US |
| Child | 14454418 | US | |
| Parent | 13416889 | Mar 2012 | US |
| Child | 13934003 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13245130 | Sep 2011 | US |
| Child | 13416889 | US |
