Method of manufacturing non-volatile read only memory

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a mask ROM for storing quaternary data enables short turn around time, makes refining cell sizes simple, and enables stable reading of data. Gaps are formed between word lines in the memory cell transistors and two diffusion areas. Impurities are doped into these gaps in accordance with quaternary write data when data is written. A current runs between these diffusion areas only when one of these two areas into which impurities have been doped is used as a drain. Accordingly, quaternary data can be read by a first reading when the first diffusion area is a source and the other diffusion area is a drain, and by reading a second reading when the first diffusion area is used as a drain and the other diffusion area as a source.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to non-volatile ROM (Read Only Memory) such as mask ROM and More specifically, the present invention relates to non-volatile ROM which can store quaternary data.

2. Description of Related Art

Mask ROM is an example of known non-volatile Read Only Memory. Mask ROM that is able to write quaternary data into each memory cell transistor has been known for some time. A large amount of information can be stored in small circuits using this mask ROM. Examples of known mask ROM that can store quaternary data include the mask ROM disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 1996-316341 (hereinafter referred to as Document 1) and the mask ROM disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 1996-288408 (hereinafter referred to as Document 2).

The mask ROM of Document 1 achieves storing the quaternary data by using the fact that the threshold value of a cell transistor changes when a lightly doped drain (LDD) area is provided in the diffusion area. In other words, the threshold value of transistor changes depending on the type of structure adopted: a structure in which an LDD area is provided in both the source area and drain area; a structure in which an LDD area is provided only in the source area; a structure in which an LDD area is provided only in the drain area; or a structure in which an LDD area is provided in neither the source area or drain area. The differences in the threshold value are determined by comparing the current between source and drain when the prescribed gate voltage is applied to each transistor.

The mask ROM of Document 2 achieves storing the quaternary data by using the fact that when a p+ diffusion area is provided next to an n-type source area the cell transistors are non-conductive whereas when a p+ diffusion area is provided next to an n-type drain area the cell transistors are conductive. In other words, when a p+ diffusion area is placed next to only one of two n-type diffusion areas in a cell transistors the cell transistor is conductive when this n-type diffusion area is used as the source, but the cell transistor is not conductive when the other n-type diffusion area is used as the source. Also, when p+ diffusion areas are provided in both n-type diffusion areas in a cell transistor, the cell transistor is not conductive regardless of which n-type diffusion area is used as the source. Furthermore, in cell transistors without any p+ diffusion area, the cell transistor is conductive no matter which n-type diffusion area is used as the source. Accordingly, storing quaternary data is achieved by adopting either of the following structures: a structure in which both of n-type diffusion areas are provided with a p+ diffusion area; a structure in which only one n-type diffusion area is provided with a p+ diffusion area; a structure in which the other n-type diffusion area is provided with a p+ diffusion area; or a structure in which no n-type diffusion area is provided with a p+ diffusion area. Quaternary data can then be read using combinations of the distinction of conductive and non-conductive of a cell transistor when one diffusion area is used as the source and the distinction of conductive and non-conductive of the cell transistor when the other diffusion area is used as the source.

Also, the mask ROM of Document 2 uses n-type source areas and n-type drain areas as wiring, and forms word lines as gate electrodes by making them cross over these n-type source areas and n-type drain areas.

However, the mask ROMs according to Documents 1 and 2 have the following disadvantages.

One of the disadvantages of the mask ROM of Document 1 is the lengthy Turn Around Time (TAT). TAT is the time required from presentation of a program with writing data by the user to its delivery by mask ROM. To reduce TAT, it is preferable that as few processes as possible come after data is written, that is, it is preferable to ensure that as many processes as possible are common processes that can be implemented before data is written. However, in the mask ROM of Document 1, the LDD creation process, which is the data writing process, must be implemented prior to the creation of the source diffusion area and drain diffusion area. Therefore, the source and drain diffusion areas cannot be created in a common process and accordingly there is a lengthy TAT.

Furthermore, because there is only a small difference in the threshold values based on the LDD area, the read data in the mask ROM in Document 1 is not adequately reliable.

On the other hand, the disadvantage of the mask ROM of Document 2 is that the p+ diffusion layer is difficult to create. In other words, in this mask ROM, data is written (that is, the p+ diffusion area is created) after word lines are formed and so the p+ diffusion area with high reliability cannot be formed. Also, in this mask ROM, a diffusion area with a conductivity that is the opposite of the conductivity of the source and drain areas (that is p conductivity) must be formed in an extremely small area, however, it is difficult to form photo resistors for implantation of impurities in a small area and therefore, it is difficult to refine cell sizes and very accurately control cell currents.

Furthermore, the mask ROM in Document 2 uses n-type source areas and n-type drain areas as wiring and so line resistance is high. This has the disadvantage of inhibiting fast and stable reading of data.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a non-volatile Read Only Memory with a short TAT, in which cells can be easily refined and data can be read with stability.

To enable this, the non-volatile Read Only Memory according to the present invention comprises: memory cell transistors each of which is constituted such that the area between the gate electrode and one impurity area and the area between the gate electrode and the other impurity area take offset structure or non-offset structure in accordance with the value of stored data; a row selection line that applies a voltage to the gate electrodes in the memory cell transistors belonging to same row; a first column selection line that applies a voltage to the one impurity area in the memory cell transistors belonging to same column; a second column selection line that applies a voltage to the other impurity area in the memory cell transistors belonging to same column; and reading means which applies a read electric potential to the row selection line selected, and reads the stored data by detecting the on/off status of the memory cell transistors when high electric potential is applied to the first column selection line and low electric potential is applied to the second column selection line, and by detecting the on/off status of the memory cell transistors when low electric potential is applied to the first column selection line and high electric potential is applied to the second column selection line.

The memory relating to the present invention writes data using the offset or non-offset structure of the memory cell transistors. The data is then read according to the combination of the on/off status of memory cell transistors when a high electric potential is applied to the first column selection line and a low electric potential is applied to the second column selection line and the on/off status of memory cell transistors when a low electric potential is applied to the first column selection line and a high electric potential is applied to the second column selection line.

In the present invention, an “offset structure” describes a structure in which an ON-current flows in a transistor when the impurity area is used as a drain in that transistor but in which an ON-current does not flow when the impurity area is used as a source. Also, in the present invention, a “non-offset structure” describes a structure in which an ON-current flows in a transistor when the impurity area is used either as a drain or as a source in that transistor.

A first manufacturing method relating to the present invention comprises: a first common process for forming an gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on the gate oxide film; a third common process for forming one impurity area and other impurity area at the surface of the semiconductor substrate so that gaps of the width corresponding to the offset structure are formed between these areas and the gate electrodes; and an individual process for forming the non-offset structure by doping into the gaps impurities of the same conductivity as impurities doped into the impurity area in accordance with quaternary writing data.

A second manufacturing method relating to the present invention comprises: a first common process for forming an gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on the gate oxide film so that gaps of the width corresponding to the offset structure are formed between the opposite ends of the gate oxide film and the gate electrode; a third common process for forming one impurity area and another impurity area at the surface of the semiconductor substrate so as to adjoin the gate electrode via the gap; a fourth common process for forming non-conductive data write layers in the gaps on the gate oxide film, respectively; and an individual process for forming the non-offset structure by making the data write area conductive in accordance with quaternary writing data.

A third manufacturing method relating to the present invention comprises: a first common process for forming an oxide gate layer on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on the gate oxide film so that gaps of the width corresponding to the offset structure are formed between the opposite ends of the gate oxide film and the gate electrode; a third common process for forming one impurity area and another impurity area on the surface of the semiconductor substrate so as to adjoin the gate electrodes via the gaps; and an individual process for forming the non-offset structure by depositing a data storing gate electrode in the gap on the gate oxide film in accordance with quaternary writing data.

A fourth manufacturing method relating to the present invention comprises: a first individual process for forming an gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate, such that distance between the opposite ends of the gate oxide film and impurity area formation areas are set so as to form the offset structure or non-offset structure in accordance with quaternary writing data; a second individual process for forming gate electrode on entire of the gate oxide film; and a third individual process for forming one impurity area and other impurity area at the surface of the semiconductor substrate, such that those areas are located at the impurity area formation areas.

A fifth manufacturing method relating to the present invention comprises: a first common process for forming an gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on the gate oxide film; a third common process for forming one impurity area and other impurity area at the surface of the semiconductor substrate, so that distances between the opposite ends of the gate oxide film and the impurity areas are corresponding to the non-offset structure; and an individual process for forming the offset structure by providing trenches on the boundary planes between the impurity areas and channel formation areas in accordance with quaternary writing data.

A sixth manufacturing method relating to the present invention comprises: a first common process for forming an gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on the gate oxide film; and an individual process for forming one impurity area and other impurity area at the surface of the semiconductor substrate, such that distance between these impurity areas and the opposite ends of the gate oxide film is set so as to form the offset structure or non-offset structure in accordance with quaternary writing data.

In the first through sixth manufacturing methods relating to the present invention, processes before data is written are implemented in common processes and data is written in an individual process. By the first through sixth manufacturing methods relating to the present invention, a non-volatile Read Only Memory with a short TAT, in which cells can be easily refined and data can be read with stability can be manufactured.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following appended diagrams.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a first aspect of the embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a cross-section at A—A on FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a first aspect of the embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a second aspect of the embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a cross-section at B—B on FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a third aspect of the embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a cross-section at C—C in FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a fourth aspect of the embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a cross-section at D—D in FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a fifth aspect of the embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a cross-section at E—E in FIG. 10 ;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the configuration of non-volatile Read Only Memory relating to a sixth aspect of the embodiment; and

FIG. 13 is a cross-section at F—F in FIG. 12 .

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Aspects of the embodiment of the present invention will be explained below using the diagrams. In the diagrams, the sizes, shapes, and positional relationships of all components are shown in general term, and in only as much detail as needed to understand the present invention. In addition, the numeric conditions explained below are simply used as examples.

First Embodiment

A first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention where the present invention is applied in mask ROM, will be explained using FIGS. 1 through 3 .

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the structure of mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-section at A—A in FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment.

n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn (only N 11 through N 42 are shown in FIG. 1 ) are formed on semiconductor substrate 101 . As shown in FIG. 1 , these n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are arranged in the shape of the letter X. These n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn function as MOS transistor sources or drains.

n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are each opposite four adjoining n+ diffusion areas, thus creating memory cell MOS transistors M 11 through Mpq (only M 11 through M 33 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 ). For example, n+ diffusion area N 21 in FIG. 1 is opposite N 11 , N 12 , N 31 , and N 32 , thus creating four memory cell transistors M 11 , M 12 , M 21 , and M 22 . Note however, that there are only one or two n+ diffusion areas next to any n+ diffusion area around a memory cell block and so only one or two MOS transistors are actually formed.

Word lines W 1 through Wm (only W 1 through W 3 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 ) are formed through the gate insulation layer 102 on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 . These word lines W 1 through Wm function as gate electrodes for each MOS transistor. As explained above, n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are arranged in the shape of the letter X and so word lines W 1 through Wm are formed in the shape of the letter M.

Gaps of at least the prescribed width are provided between a word line and two n+ diffusion areas in each memory cell transistor M 11 through Mpq (see FIG. 2 ). These gap sections form the data writing areas 103 and 104 . The widths of the data writing areas 103 and 104 are set to a value that can control the operation or non-operation of memory cell transistors by doping or not doping n+ impurities. In other words, if n+ impurities have not been doped into data writing area 103 but have been doped into data writing area 104 (see FIG. 2 ), when n+ diffusion area N 12 is the source and n+ diffusion area N 21 is the drain, an ON-current can be made to flow between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . However, when n+ diffusion area N 12 is the drain and n+ diffusion area N 21 is the source, an ON-current cannot be made to flow between the n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . Conversely, if n+ impurities have been doped into data writing area 103 but have not been doped into data writing area 104 , when n+ diffusion area N 12 is the source and n+ diffusion area N 21 is the drain, an ON-current cannot be made to flow between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . However, when n+ diffusion area N 12 is the drain and n+ diffusion area N 21 is the source, an ON-current can be made to flow between the n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . In this aspect of the embodiment, the structure in which n+ impurities are not doped into a data writing area is called an “offset structure” and the structure in which n+ impurities are doped into a data writing area is called a “non-offset structure”. In this aspect of the embodiment, an offset structure is obtained by setting appropriate gaps between the word lines W 1 through Wm and n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn.

n+ impurities are doped into data writing areas 103 and 104 in accordance with the value of the written data (quaternary data). When n+ impurities are doped, the n+ diffusion area corresponding to this data writing area will become to an offset structure. In this aspect of the embodiment, the stored value when n+ impurities are doped into both data writing areas 103 and 104 is “11”, the stored value when n+ impurities are doped into only data writing area 103 is “10”, the stored value when n+ impurities are doped into only data writing area 104 is “01”, and the stored value when n+ impurities are not doped into either data writing area 103 or 104 is “00”. FIG. 2 shows an example in which impurities have been doped only into data writing area 104 on the n+ diffusion area N 12 side.

An oxide insulating film 105 is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 . Furthermore, bit lines B 1 through Bn (only B 1 through B 4 are shown in FIG. 1 ) are formed on the surface of the oxide insulation layer 105 . These bit lines B 1 through Bn are connected to each n+ diffusion area in the corresponding column via contact holes C 11 through Cmn (only C 11 through C 42 are shown in FIG. 1 ).

As shown in FIG. 3 , bit lines B 1 through Bn are each connected to the source terminals of drain selection transistors TD 1 through TDm (only TD 1 through TD 4 are shown in FIG. 3 ) and to the drain terminals of source selection transistors TS 1 through TSm (only TS 1 through TS 4 are shown in FIG. 3 ). The drain terminals of drain selection transistors TD 1 through TDm are each connected to the power source VDD (for example 5 volt). On the other hand, the source terminals of source selection transistors TS 1 through TSm are each connected to the power source VSS (for example zero volts). Furthermore, the gate terminals of transistors TD 1 through TDm are connected to either drain selection lines DS 11 through DS 1 r or DS 21 through DS 2 r (only DS 11 , DS 12 , DS 21 , and DS 22 are shown in FIG. 3 ) and the gate terminals of transistors TS 1 through TSm are connected to either source selection line SS 1 or SS 2 .

Next, an example of the method by which data is written in the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment will be explained.

Firstly, as in the usual ROM manufacturing process, an gate oxide film 102 , word lines W 1 through Wm, and n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are formed on a semiconductor substrate 101 . The formation processes for these are implemented as common processes before data is written.

Next, n+ impurities are doped into the data writing area 103 or 104 that corresponds to write data. Usually, write data is determined by the program presented by the user. Impurities can be doped into data write areas 103 and 104 by implanting ions using a high-energy implantation apparatus. This ion implantation can also be implemented after the process in which the oxide insulating film 105 is formed (explained later).

Then, as in the usual ROM manufacturing process, the oxide insulating film 105 , contact holes C 11 through Cmn, and bit lines B 1 through Bn are formed and the process ends.

Next, an example of a method for reading data in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained for a case in which data is being read from memory cell M 12 .

Firstly, a high electric potential VDD is applied to word line W 1 . This causes word line W 1 to be selected.

Next, by selecting the drain selection line DS 21 and the source selection line SS 2 (that is, by applying a high electric potential to these lines DS 21 and SS 2 ), transistors TD 2 and TS 3 are turned on. This causes a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 2 and a low electric potential VSS to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a source (see FIG. 2 ). In memory cell M 12 , the drain, that is the n+ diffusion area N 21 side, has an offset structure (in other words a structure in which n+ impurities have not been doped in the data write area 103 ) but the source, that is the n+ diffusion area N 12 side, has a non-offset structure. Now, the memory cell transistor M 12 operates in a saturated area and so the depletion layer near the drain in the semiconductor substrate will reach from directly below the drain to the channel directly below the gate electrode via the data write area. Thus, even though the drain side has an offset structure, there is conductivity between the source and the drain. That is, the memory cell transistor M 12 is turned on. Thus, the bit line B 3 electric potential rises and so “1” is read from this bit line B 3 as the low order bit in the quaternary data.

Next, selection lines DS 21 and SS 2 are returned to a non-selected state and transistors TD 3 and TS 2 are turned on by selecting drain selection line DS 12 and source selection lines SS 1 . This causes a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 2 and a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a source (see FIG. 2 ). This time, the source, that is the n+ diffusion area N 21 , has an offset structure and so, regardless of the structure of the drain n+ diffusion area N 12 , there is no conductivity between the source and the drain. That is, memory cell transistor M 12 is turned off. This maintains the electric potential of bit line B 2 . Therefore, “0”, for example, is read from this bit line B 2 as the high order bit of quaternary data.

When n+ impurities are doped into both data write areas 103 and 104 , a stored value of “11” can be read. When n+ impurities are doped only into data write area 103 , a stored value of “10” can be read and when impurities are not doped into either data write area 103 or 104 , a stored value of “00” can be read.

Thus, the on/off status of memory cell transistors in this aspect of the embodiment is determined by whether the source side has an offset or a non-offset structure. It is completely unrelated to the structure of the drain side.

As explained above, the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment can write quaternary data using the offset and non-offset structure of memory cell transistors. Quaternary data can then be read by reversing the n+ diffusion area source and drain and reading the information twice. Thus, this aspect of the embodiment is able to read data more reliably than mask ROM that stores differences in threshold values as quaternary data.

Also, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, the formation of n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn can be implemented as common processes and thus TAT is reduced.

Furthermore, in the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment, impurities can only be doped in an area on the surface of which word lines W 1 through Wm have not been formed. Therefore, impurities can be doped with stability and without being affected by word lines W 1 through Wm.

Also, since an offset structure is one is physically visible, manufacture can be done while physically measuring the offset width, thus easily maintaining manufacturing stability.

In addition, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, the conductivity of diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn is the same as that of the doped impurities (n type in this aspect of the embodiment). Therefore, photoresistors can be formed easily when impurities are doped and cell sizes can be easily refined.

Furthermore, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, memory cell transistors are arranged in the shape of the letter X and word lines formed in the shape of the letter M and therefore, wiring of sources and drains can be easily implemented using not the diffusion layer but metal wiring (bit lines B 1 through Bn). Accordingly, the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment enables data to be read quickly and with stability.

Second Embodiment

A second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied in mask ROM, will be explained using FIGS. 4 and 5 .

The circuit configuration for the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment is the same as for the first aspect of the embodiment (see FIG. 3 ) and so explanation of it will be omitted here.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the structure of mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-section at B—B on FIG. 4 . In FIGS. 4 and 5 , structural elements with the same codes as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same as those elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , in the memory cell transistors used in this aspect of the embodiment, an gate oxide film 501 is formed over the entire surface of the non-diffusion area provided between the two n+ diffusion areas. Word lines W 1 through Wm are formed so that they pass through the central section of this gate oxide film 501 and data write layers 502 and 503 are formed on the areas adjoining each of these n+ diffusion areas. The width of the data write layers 502 and 503 is set to a value that, in the case of that the data write areas 502 and 503 involved are non-conductive layers, the memory cell transistor involved can flow ON-current when the corresponding n+ diffusion area is used as a drain but the memory cell transistor cannot flow ON-current when the corresponding n+ diffusion area is used as a source. In other words, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, an offset structure is obtained when the data write layers 502 and 503 are non-conductive.

Impurities are doped into data write layers 502 and 503 in accordance with the value of the write data (quaternary data). Material that can be change this data write layer into a conductive layer are used as doped impurities. By doping impurities, the n+ diffusion area corresponding to the data write layer involved takes on a non-offset structure. In this aspect of the embodiment, the stored value when impurities are doped into both data write layers 502 and 503 is “11”, the stored value when impurities are doped only into data write layer 502 is “10”, the stored value when impurities are doped only into data write layer 503 is “01”, and the stored value when impurities are not doped into either data write layers 502 or 503 is “00”. FIG. 5 shows an example where impurities have been doped only into data write layer 503 .

Next, an example of the method in which data is written in the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment will be explained.

Firstly, as in the normal ROM manufacturing process, an gate oxide film 501 and word lines W 1 through Wm are formed on a semiconductor substrate 101 . Furthermore, after non-conductive data write layers 502 and 503 are formed along both sides of word lines W 1 through Wm using deposition technology, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are formed using impurities doping technology such as ion implantation. These formation processes are implemented as common processes before data is written.

Next, impurities are doped into the data write layers 502 and/or 503 in accordance with the written data. The impurities can be doped, for example, by ion implantation using a high-energy implantation apparatus.

As in the normal ROM manufacturing process, the oxide insulating film 105 , contact holes C 11 through Cmn, and bit lines B 1 and Bn are then formed and the process ends.

Next, the method of writing data in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained for a case in which data is read from a the memory cell M 12 .

Firstly, by applying a high electric potential VDD to a word line W 1 (see FIG. 3 ), this word line W 1 is selected.

Next, transistors TD 2 and TS 3 are turned on by selecting drain selection line DS 21 and source selection line SS 2 . This causes a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 2 and a low electric potential VSS to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a source (see FIG. 5 ). Here, the n+ diffusion area N 21 in memory cell M 12 has an offset structure (in other words the data write layer 502 is non-conductive). As a result, when this n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain, the memory cell transistor M 12 is turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 3 rises and “1” is read as the low order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 3 .

Next, transistors TD 3 and TS 2 are turned on by selecting drain selection line DS 12 and source selection line SS 1 . This causes a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 2 and a high electric potential VDD to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a source (see FIG. 5 ). Here, the n+ diffusion area N 21 in memory cell M 12 has an offset structure (in other words the data write layer 502 is non-conductive). As a result, when this n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source, the memory cell transistor M 12 is not turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 2 does not rise and “0” is read as the high order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 2 .

In the same way, when both data write layers 502 and 503 are conductive, the stored value “11” can be read, when only the data write layer 502 is conductive the stored value “10” can be read, and when both data write layers 502 and 503 are non-conductive, stored value “00” can be read.

As explained above, when the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment is used, quaternary data can be written using the offset/non-offset structure of memory cell transistors. Also, quaternary data can be read by reversing the n+ diffusion area source and drain and reading information twice. Therefore, this aspect of the embodiment enables more reliable data reading than is possible using mask ROM that stores the differences in threshold values as quaternary data.

Also, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, the formation of n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn can be implemented as a common process and therefore TAT can be reduced.

Furthermore, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, data is written by making areas adjoining word lines W 1 through Wm (data write layers 502 and 503 ) conductive. Therefore, the effect of the upper layer substance is negligible and data can be written by stable ion implantation. It is also easy to form photo resistors when impurities are doped and refinement of cell sizes is simple. In addition, the structure is a physical offset structure and thus non-conductive current control can be manufactured in a stable manner while physically measuring the visible offset width.

In the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, memory cell transistors are arranged in the shape of the letter X and word lines are formed in the shape of the letter M. Therefore, the source and drain wiring can be implemented easily not with the diffusion layer but with metal lines (bit lines B 1 through Bn). Accordingly, fast and stable data reading is enabled.

Third Embodiment

A third aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied in mask ROM, will be explained using FIGS. 6 and 7 .

The circuit configuration for the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment is the same as for the first aspect of the embodiment (see FIG. 3 ) and so explanation of it will be omitted here.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the structure of a mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a cross-section at C—C in FIG. 6 . In FIGS. 6 and 7 , structural elements with the same codes as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same as those elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , in the memory cell transistors used in this aspect of the embodiment, an gate oxide film 701 is formed over the entire surface of the non-diffusion area provided between the two n+ diffusion areas. Word lines W 1 through Wm are also formed so that they pass through the central section of this gate oxide film 701 . Gaps 702 of at least the prescribed width are provided between the word lines and two n+ diffusion areas. The width of these gaps 702 is set to a value that enables a current to flow between the n+ diffusion areas for the relevant transistor when this n+ diffusion area is used as a drain, but that disables a current to flow when this n+ diffusion area is used as a sources. In other words, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, an offset structure is achieved by providing gaps 702 between the word lines and the n+ diffusion areas.

Gate electrodes 703 for storing data are formed in the gaps 702 in accordance with the value of the write data (quaternary data). When the memory cell transistors are operating, these gate electrodes 703 for storing data act as gate electrodes together with word lines W 1 through Wm. By providing gate electrodes 703 for storing data, the n+ diffusion areas corresponding to these gate electrodes 703 for storing data take on a non-offset structure. In this aspect of the embodiment, the stored value when gate electrodes 703 for storing data are formed in both gaps 702 is “11”, the stored value when a gate electrode 703 for storing data is formed only in gap 702 on the N 21 side is “10”, the stored value when a gate electrode 703 for storing data is formed only in gap 702 on the N 12 side is “01”, and the stored value when a gate electrode 703 for storing data is not formed in either gap 702 is “00”. FIG. 7 shows an example in which a gate electrode 703 for storing data is formed only in the gap 702 on the n+ diffusion area N 12 side.

An example of the method used to write data in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will now be explained.

Firstly, as in the normal ROM manufacturing process, an gate oxide film 701 , word lines W 1 through Wm, and n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are formed on a semiconductor substrate 101 . These formation processes are implemented as common processes before data is written.

Next, gate electrodes 703 for storing data are formed in those sections of each gap 702 that correspond to write data. The gate electrodes 703 for storing data can be formed, for example, using deposition technology such as CVD.

As in the normal ROM manufacturing process, an oxide insulation film 105 , contact holes C 11 through Cmn, and bit lines B 1 through Bn are formed and the process ends.

An example of the method used to read data in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained for a case where data is read from memory cell M 12 .

Firstly, by applying a high electric potential VDD onto a word line W 1 (see FIG. 3 ), this world line W 1 is selected. Here, a high electric potential VDD is also applied to each gate electrode 703 for storing data.

Next, transistors TD 2 and TS 3 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 21 and the source selection line SS 2 . This causes a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 2 and a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a source (see FIG. 7 ). Here, in memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 has an offset structure (in other words no gate electrode for storing data is formed) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain, a current flows between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 3 rises. This means that “1” is read as the low order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 3 .

Next, transistors TD 3 and TS 2 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 12 and the source selection line SS 1 . This causes a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 2 and a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a source (see FIG. 7 ). Here, in memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 has an offset structure (in other words no gate electrode 703 for storing data is formed) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source, the memory cell transistor M 12 is not turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 2 does not rise. This means that “0” is read as the high order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 2 .

Likewise, stored value “11” can be read when gate electrodes 703 for storing data are formed in both gaps 702 , stored value “10” can be read when a gate electrode 703 for storing data is formed only in gap 702 on the n+ diffusion area N 21 side, and stored value “00” can be read when a gate electrode 703 for storing data is not formed in either gap 702 .

As explained above, the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment enables quaternary data to be written using the offset/non-offset structure of the memory cell transistors. The quaternary data can also be read by reversing the n+ diffusion area source and drain and reading information twice. Therefore, this aspect of the embodiment enables data to be read with much greater reliability than the mask ROM that stores differences in threshold values as quaternary data.

Also, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, the formation of n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn can be implemented as a common process and so TAT is reduced.

Furthermore, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, data can be written by forming a second gate that makes contact with a gate electrode on the word line. Therefore, a current can be controlled by physically measuring the offset width during manufacture. Accordingly, manufacturing stability is better than when data is written using ion implantation. In addition, photo resistors for offset width and data writing can be easily created and cell sizes easily refined.

In the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, memory cell transistors are arranged in the shape of the letter X and word lines in the shape of the letter M and so, source and drain wiring can be easily implemented not using the diffusion layer but using metal lines (bit lines B 1 through Bn). Accordingly, it is easy for data to be read quickly and with stability.

Fourth Embodiment

A fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied in mask ROM, will be explained using FIGS. 8 and 9 .

The circuit configuration for the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment is the same as for the first aspect of the embodiment (see FIG. 3 ) and so explanation of it will be omitted here.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the structure of a mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment. FIG. 9 is a cross-section at D—D in FIG. 8 . In FIGS. 8 and 9 , structural elements with the same codes as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same as those elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , in the memory cell transistors used in this aspect of the embodiment, an gate oxide film 901 is formed between the two n+ diffusion areas. Word lines W 1 through Wm are also formed so that they pass through this gate oxide film 901 .

In this aspect of the embodiment, the way in which the word lines W 1 through Wm are made is prescribed according to the value of the write data (quaternary data).

In the example in FIG. 9 , the gate length of word line W 1 is set short for the n+ diffusion area N 21 side and a gap 902 is formed. The width of this gap 902 is set to a value that enables a current to flow between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 when this n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain and that disables that a current to flow between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 when this n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source. In other words, in this mask ROM, an offset structure is obtained by setting a short gate length for word line W 1 on the n+ diffusion area N 21 side.

Also, this word line W 1 is formed close to n+ diffusion area N 12 . In other words, the gate length of word line W 1 is increased on the n+ diffusion area N 12 side just enough to cater for area 903 . The longer gate length setting gives the n+ diffusion area N 12 a non-offset structure.

In this aspect of the embodiment, the stored value when the gate length of the word line is longer as it approaches both n+ diffusion areas N 21 and N 12 is “11”, the stored value when it is longer only as it approaches n+ diffusion area N 21 is “10”, the stored value when it is longer only as it approaches n+ diffusion area N 12 is “01”, and the stored value when it is shorter as it approaches both n+ diffusion areas N 21 and N 12 is “00”.

Next, an example of the method used to write data in the mask ROM according to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained.

Firstly, using the usual deposition technology, an gate oxide film 901 and word lines W 1 through Wm (including area 903 ) are formed in accordance with the value of the write data. Furthermore, n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are formed using the usual impurities doping technology.

Then, as in the usual ROM manufacturing process, an oxide insulation film 105 , contact holes C 11 through Cmn, and bit lines B 1 through Bn are formed and the process end.

An example of the method used to read data in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained for a case in which data is read from memory cell M 12 .

Firstly, by applying a high electric potential VDD to word line W 1 (see FIG. 3 ), this word line W 1 is selected.

Next, transistors TD 2 and TS 3 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 21 and the source selection line SS 2 . This causes a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 2 and a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a source (see FIG. 9 ). Here, in memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 takes on an offset structure (in other words the gate length of word line W 1 is short) and so when this n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain, a current flows between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 3 rises. This means that “1” is read as the low order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 3 .

Next, transistors TD 3 and TS 2 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 12 and the source selection line SS 1 . This causes a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 2 and a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a source (see FIG. 9 ). Here, in memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 takes on an offset structure (in other words the gate length of word line W 1 is long) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source, no current flows between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 . Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 2 does not rise. This means that “0” is read as the high order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 2 .

Likewise, the stored value “11” can be read when the gate length of the word line is long on both sides, the stored value “10” can be read when the gate length of the word line is long only on the n+ diffusion area N 21 side, and the stored value “00” can be read when the gate length of the word line is short on both sides.

As explained above, the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment can be used to write quaternary data using the offset/non-offset structure of the memory cell transistors. Quaternary data can also be read by reversing the n+ diffusion area source and drain and reading information twice. Therefore, this aspect of the embodiment can be used to read data with more reliability than the mask ROM that stores differences in threshold values as quaternary data.

Also, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, because data can be written using the gate length of word lines, data can be read with stability, photo resistors can be formed simply, and cell sizes can be easily refined.

In addition, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, memory cell transistors are arranged in the shape of the letter X and word lines are formed in the shape of the letter M and so source and drain wiring can be easily implemented using not the diffusion layer but metal lines (bit lines B 1 through Bn). Accordingly, fast and stable data reading is enabled through the use of the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment

Fifth Embodiment

A fifth aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied in mask ROM, will be explained using FIGS. 10 and 11 .

The circuit configuration for the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment is the same as for the first aspect of the embodiment (see FIG. 3 ) and so explanation of it will be omitted here.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the structure of a mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a cross-section at E—E in FIG. 10 . In FIGS. 10 and 11 , structural elements with the same codes as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same as those elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 , in the memory cell transistors used in this aspect of the embodiment, an gate oxide film 1101 is formed over the entire surface of the non-diffusion area provided between the two n+ diffusion areas. Word lines W 1 through Wm are formed throughout the whole area on this oxide gate film 1101 .

In this aspect of the embodiment, a trench 1102 is formed near the plane where an n+ diffusion area forms a boundary with the non-diffusion area (area under gate oxide film 1101 ) in accordance with the value of the write data (quaternary data).

In the example shown in FIG. 11 , a trench 1102 is formed in the n+ diffusion area N 21 . The depth of this trench 1102 is set to a value that enables a current to flow in n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 when this n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain but that disables a current to flow in n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source. In other words, in this mask ROM, formation of a trench 1102 enables an offset structure to be achieved.

Also, a trench is not formed in n+ diffusion area N 12 and so this takes on an non-offset structure.

In this aspect of the present embodiment, the stored value when trenches 1102 are formed in both n+ diffusion areas N 21 and N 12 is “11”, the stored value when a trench 1102 is formed only in n+ diffusion area N 12 is “10”, the stored value when a trench 1102 is formed only in n+ diffusion area N 21 is “01”, and the stored value when a trench 1102 is not formed in either n+ diffusion area N 21 or N 12 is “00”.

Next, an example of the method for writing data in the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment will be explained.

In this mask ROM, as with in usual ROM manufacturing process, an gate oxide film 1101 , word lines W 1 through Wm, and n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn are formed on a semiconductor substrate 101 . These formation processes are implemented as common processes before data is written.

Next, trenches 1102 are formed on those n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn that correspond to the write data. Trenches 1102 are formed, for example, by etching.

Then, as in the usual ROM manufacture process, an oxide insulation film 105 , contact holes C 11 through Cmn, and bit lines B 1 through Bn are formed and the process end.

Next, an example of a method used for reading data in mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained for a case in which data is read from a memory cell M 12 .

Firstly, by applying a high electric potential VDD to word line W 1 (see FIG. 3 ), this word line W 1 is selected.

Next, transistors TD 2 and TS 3 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 21 and the source selection line SS 2 . This causes a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 2 and a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a source (see FIG. 11 ). In memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 takes on an offset structure (in other words a trench 1102 is formed) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain, memory cell transistor M 12 is turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 3 rises. This means that “1” is read as the low order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 3 .

Next, transistors TD 3 and TS 2 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 12 and the source selection line SS 1 . This causes a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 2 and a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a source (see FIG. 11 ). In memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 takes on an offset structure (in other words a trench 1102 is formed) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source, the memory cell transistor M 12 is not turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 2 does not rise. This means that “0” is read as the high order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 2 .

Likewise, stored value “11” can be read when trench 1102 is not formed in either n+ diffusion areas N 21 or N 12 , stored value “10” can be read when a trench 1102 is formed only in n+ diffusion area N 12 , and stored value “00” can be read when a trenches 1102 are formed in both n+ diffusion area N 21 and N 12 .

As explained above, the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment enables quaternary data to be written using the offset/non-offset structure of the memory cell transistors. The quaternary data can also be read by reversing the n+ diffusion area source and drain and reading information twice. Therefore, this aspect of the embodiment can read data with greater reliability than the mask ROM that stores differences in threshold values as quaternary data.

Also, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, the formation of n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn can be implemented as common processes and so TAT is reduced.

Furthermore, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, data can be written using trenches. Accordingly, manufacture can occur while physically measuring trench dimensions. Therefore, data can be written with more stability than when data is written using ion implantation. Thus, photo resistors can be easily created and cell sizes easily refined.

In addition, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, memory cell transistors are arranged in the shape of the letter X and word lines are formed in the shape of the letter M and so source and drain wiring can be implemented easily using not the diffusion layer but metal lines (bit lines B 1 through Bn). Accordingly, fast an stable data reading is enabled through the use of the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment.

Sixth Embodiment

A sixth aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in which the present invention is applied in mask ROM, will be explained using FIGS. 12 and 13 .

The circuit configuration for the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment is the same as for the first aspect of the embodiment (see FIG. 3 ) and so explanation of it will be omitted here.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the structure of a mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a cross-section at F—F in FIG. 12 . In FIGS. 12 and 13 , structural elements with the same codes as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same as those elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , in the memory cell transistors used in this aspect of the embodiment, an gate oxide film 1301 is formed on the non-diffusion area on a semiconductor substrate 101 . Word lines W 1 through Wm are formed on this oxide gate film 1301 .

In this aspect of the embodiment, a gap 1302 of the prescribed width is formed between the word line and n+ diffusion area N 21 according to the value of written data (quaternary data). The width of this gap 1302 is set to a value that enables a current to flow between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain but that disable a current to flow between n+ diffusion areas N 12 and N 21 when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source. In other words, in this mask ROM, an offset structure is obtained by providing a gap 1302 of the prescribed width between the word line and n+ diffusion area when the n+ diffusion area is formed. Also, a non-offset structure is obtained by providing no gap between the word line and n+ diffusion area when the n+ diffusion area is formed

In this aspect of the present embodiment, the stored value when gaps 1302 are provided for both n+ diffusion areas N 21 and N 12 is “11”, the stored value when a gap 1302 is formed only for n+ diffusion area N 12 is “10”, the stored value when a gap 1302 is formed only for n+ diffusion area N 21 is “01”, and the stored value when a gap 1302 is not formed for either n+ diffusion area N 21 or N 12 is “00”.

Next, an example of the method for writing data in the mask ROM of this aspect of the embodiment will be explained.

In this mask ROM, as with the usual ROM manufacturing process, an gate oxide film 1301 and word lines W 1 through Wm are formed on a semiconductor substrate 101 .

Next, n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn, which correspond to write data, are formed. The n+ diffusion areas N 11 through Nmn can be formed, for example, by ion implantation using a high-energy implantation device.

Then, as in the usual ROM manufacture process, an oxide insulation film 105 , contact holes C 11 through Cmn, and bit lines B 1 through Bn are formed and the process ends.

Next, an example of a method used for reading data in mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment will be explained for a case in which data is read from a memory cell M 12 .

Firstly, by applying a high electric potential VDD to word line W 1 (see FIG. 3 ), this word line W 1 is selected.

Next, transistors TD 2 and TS 3 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 21 and the source selection line SS 2 . This causes a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 2 and a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a source (see FIG. 13 ). In memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 takes on an offset structure (in other words there is a gap 1302 ) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a drain, memory cell transistor M 12 is turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 3 rises. This means that “1” is read as the low order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 3 .

Next, transistors TD 3 and TS 2 are turned on by selecting the drain selection line DS 12 and the source selection line SS 1 . This causes a low electric potential VSS to be applied to bit line B 2 and a high electric potential VDD to be applied to bit line B 3 . Accordingly, the n+ diffusion area N 12 on the bit line B 3 side becomes a drain and the n+ diffusion area N 21 on the bit line B 2 side becomes a source (see FIG. 13 ). In memory cell M 12 , the n+ diffusion area N 21 takes on an offset structure (in other words there is a gap 1302 ) and so when n+ diffusion area N 21 is used as a source, the memory cell transistor M 12 is not turned on. Therefore, the electric potential of bit line B 2 does not rise. This means that “0” is read as the high order bit of quaternary data from this bit line B 2 .

Likewise, stored value “11” can be read when gap 1302 is not formed for either n+ diffusion areas N 21 or N 12 , stored value “10” can be read when a gap 1302 is formed only for n+ diffusion area N 12 , and stored value “00” can be read when a gaps are formed for both n+ diffusion area N 21 and N 12 .

As explained above, the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment enables quaternary data to be written using the offset/non-offset structure of the memory cell transistors. The quaternary data can also be read by reversing the n+ diffusion area source and drain and reading information twice. Therefore, this aspect of the embodiment can read data with greater reliability than the mask ROM that stores differences in threshold values as quaternary data.

Also, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, data is written depending on the size of the n+ diffusion areas and so fine adjustment is made possible by physically measuring the offset width. Accordingly, more accurate and stable manufacture is enabled and cell sizes can be refined easily.

In addition, in the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment, memory cell transistors are arranged in the shape of the letter X and word lines are formed in the shape of the letter M and so source and drain wiring can be implemented easily using not the diffusion layer but metal lines (bit lines B 1 through Bn). Accordingly, fast and stable data reading is enabled through the use of the mask ROM relating to this aspect of the embodiment.

As explained above in detail, the present invention provides a non-volatile Read Only Memory that enables simple refining of cells and stable reading of data. Furthermore, it can provide a non-volatile Read Only Memory with a short TAT.

Claims

1. A non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method, comprising:a first common process for forming a gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on said gate oxide film; a third common process for forming one impurity area and another impurity area at a surface of said semiconductor substrate so that gaps of width corresponding to an offset structure are formed between said impurity areas and said gate electrodes; and an individual process for forming a non-offset structure by doping into said gaps impurities of a same conductivity as impurities doped into said impurity areas in accordance with quaternary writing data.

2. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein said individual process is a process for doping said impurities into said gaps using ion implantation.

3. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein row selection lines are configured by forming gate electrodes in a same column as one entity.

4. A non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method, comprising:a first common process for forming a gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate; a second common process for forming a gate electrode on said gate oxide film so that gaps of width corresponding to an offset structure are formed between opposite ends of said gate oxide film and said gate electrode; a third common process for forming one impurity area and another impurity area on a surface of said semiconductor substrate so as to adjoin said gate electrode via said gaps; and an individual process for forming a non-offset structure by selectively depositing a data storing gate electrode in said gaps on said gate oxide film in accordance with quaternary writing data.

5. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein said individual process is a process for depositing said data storing gate electrode using chemical vapor deposition.

6. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein row selection lines are configured by forming gate electrodes in same column as one entity.

7. A non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method comprising:forming a gate electrode on a semiconductor substrate; forming impurity areas at a surface of the semiconductor substrate, so that gaps are formed between respective ends of the gate electrode and the impurity areas as offset structures; and forming non-offset structures by selectively making the gaps between respective ends of the gate electrode and the impurity areas conductive.

8. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 7, further comprising:forming a gate insulator film on the surface of the substrate, as between the impurity areas, wherein the gate electrode is formed on the gate insulator, the gaps of offset structure comprise non-impurity doped surface area of the substrate between ends of the gate insulator film and the impurity areas, and the non-offset structures comprise impurity doped surface area of the substrate between the ends of the gate insulator film and the impurity areas.

9. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 7, further comprising:forming a gate insulator film on the surface of the substrate, as between the impurity areas, wherein the gate electrode is formed on the gate insulator, the gaps of offset structure comprise the gate insulator film having an insulating film thereon, and the non-offset structures comprise a gate storage electrode formed on the gate insulator film.

10. The non-volatile Read Only Memory manufacturing method according to claim 9, wherein the gate storage electrode is formed by chemical vapor deposition.