Patent Application
20170280590
The present invention relates to phase-change cooling devices and phase-change cooling methods used for cooling electronic devices, and the like, in particular, to a phase-change cooling device and a phase-change cooling method employing natural circulation in which refrigerant vapor phase-changed by heat receiving is transported without a driving source and condensed.
In recent years, the required amount of information processing has increased with the improvement in information processing technologies and the rise of the Internet environment. Data centers (DCs) are installed and operated in various places in order to process huge volumes of data. Here, the data center (DC) means a specialized facility for installing and operating severs and data communication devices. In the data centers (DCs), the density of heat generation by electronic devices such as a server and a data communication device is extremely high; consequently, it is necessary to cool these electronic devices efficiently.
A natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system has been known as an example of efficient cooling systems for electronic devices and the like (see, Patent Literature 1, for example). In the natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system, the heat generated by a heat source such as an electronic device is received and radiated using the latent heat of refrigerant. This system makes it possible to drive the refrigerant circularly without power supply because of the buoyancy of refrigerant vapor and the gravity of refrigerant liquid. Accordingly, the natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system enables efficient and energy-saving cooling of electronic devices and the like.
An example of a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling device is described in Patent Literature 1. A related cooling system disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes evaporators set respectively in a plurality of servers, a cooling tower installed on the roof of a building, a return pipe (refrigerant gas pipe), and a supply pipe (refrigerant liquid pipe). The return pipe and the supply pipe connect cooling coils set in the evaporators to a spiral pipe set in the cooling tower. The return pipe returns the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporators to the cooling tower. The supply pipe supplies the evaporators with the refrigerant liquid that is liquefied resulting from cooling and condensing the refrigerant gas in the cooling tower. This forms a circulation line through which the refrigerant circulates naturally, between the evaporators and the cooling tower.
Each evaporator is provided with a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the air that results from cooling, in the evaporator, the high temperature air exhausted from a server. At the outlet of the cooling coil in each of the evaporators, a valve (flow adjustment means) is provided that adjusts the supply flow rate of the refrigerant supplied to the cooling coil (refrigerant flow). A controller automatically adjusts the degree of opening of each valve based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. This enables the supply flow rate of the refrigerant to decrease by narrowing the opening of the valve if the temperature of the air that has been cooled in the evaporators becomes too lower than a predetermined temperature.
It is said that, according to the related cooling system, the above-described configuration keeps the supply flow rate of the refrigerant in each evaporator from increasing more than necessary; accordingly, it is possible to reduce the cooling load of the refrigerant and achieve a sufficient cooling performance by using a cooling tower only.
[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-194093 (paragraphs [0047] to [0055], FIG. 1)
In the above-mentioned related cooling system described in Patent Literature 1, the return pipe (refrigerant gas pipe) and the supply pipe, branching on the way, are connected to the evaporators provided for the servers installed on the first floor and the evaporators provided for the servers installed on the second floor. Consequently, the number of branches of the refrigerant vapor pipe increases if the number of heat sources to be cooled increases. As mentioned above, in a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling device, the refrigerant naturally circulates because of the pressure difference of the refrigerant vapor arising between the evaporators and the cooling tower (condensing unit), and gravity acting on the condensed refrigerant liquid. Consequently, if the number of branches of the refrigerant vapor pipe increases due to the increase in the number of heat sources to be cooled, the pressure loss of the refrigerant vapor increases due to the confluence of the refrigerant vapor at the branch points, which results in the problem that the cooling performance is degraded.
Thus, there has been the problem that the cooling performance is degraded in a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling device if the number of heat sources to be cooled increases.
The object of the present invention is to provide a phase-change cooling device and a phase-change cooling method that solve the above-mentioned problem that the cooling performance is degraded in a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling device if the number of heat sources to be cooled increases.
A phase-change cooling device according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of heat receiving units for receiving heat; a condensing unit for radiating heat; and a first refrigerant pathway and a second refrigerant pathway connecting the plurality of heat receiving units to the condensing unit; wherein the first refrigerant pathway includes a plurality of sub-refrigerant-pipes respectively connected to the plurality of heat receiving units, a refrigerant joining unit connected to the plurality of sub-refrigerant-pipes, and a main-refrigerant-pipe connecting the refrigerant joining unit to the condensing unit.
A phase-change cooling device according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of heat receiving units for respectively holding refrigerant receiving heat from a plurality of heat sources; a condensing unit for generating refrigerant liquid by condensing and liquefying refrigerant vapor of the refrigerant evaporated in the heat receiving units; a refrigerant vapor transport structure configured to connect the heat receiving units to the condensing unit and transport the refrigerant vapor; a refrigerant liquid transport structure configured to connect the heat receiving units to the condensing unit and transport the refrigerant liquid; wherein the refrigerant vapor transport structure includes a plurality of sub-vapor-pipes respectively connected to the plurality of heat receiving units, a vapor joining portion connected to the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes, with the refrigerant vapor meeting, and a main-vapor-pipe connecting the vapor joining portion to the condensing unit.
A phase-change cooling method according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes evaporating refrigerant by receiving heat from each of a plurality of heat sources, making refrigerant vapor streams of the refrigerant evaporated by each of the plurality of heat sources meet; generating refrigerant liquid by condensing and liquefying joined refrigerant vapor; and circulating the refrigerant liquid so as to receive heat from each of the plurality of heat sources.
According to the phase-change cooling device and the phase-change cooling method of the present invention, it is possible to cool efficiently even a plurality of heat sources to be cooled by a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system without degrading the cooling performance.
Example embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to drawings.
A phase-change cooling device in accordance with a first example embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of heat receiving units for receiving heat, a condensing unit for radiating heat, a first refrigerant pathway, and a second refrigerant pathway connecting the plurality of heat receiving units to the condensing unit. The first refrigerant pathway includes a plurality of sub-refrigerant-pipes respectively connected to the plurality of heat receiving units, a refrigerant joining portion connected to the plurality of sub-refrigerant-pipes, and a main-refrigerant-pipe connecting the refrigerant joining portion to the condensing unit.
The phase-change cooling device in accordance with the first example embodiment of the present invention will be described further in detail.
The plurality of heat receiving units 1010 respectively hold refrigerant that receives heat from a plurality of heat sources. The condensing unit 1020 generates refrigerant liquid by condensing and liquefying refrigerant vapor of the refrigerant evaporated in the heat receiving units 1010. The refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 connects the heat receiving units 1010 to the condensing unit 1020 and transports the refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant liquid transport structure 1200 connects the heat receiving units 1010 to the condensing unit 1020 and transports the refrigerant liquid.
The refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 includes a plurality of sub-vapor-pipes (sub-refrigerant-pipes) 1110, a vapor joining portion (refrigerant joining portion) 1120, and a main-vapor-pipe (main-refrigerant-pipe) 1130. The plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110 are respectively connected to the plurality of heat receiving units 1010. The plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110 are connected to the vapor joining portion 1120, where the refrigerant vapor streams meet that flow in through the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110 and have been generated in the respective heat receiving units 1010. The main-vapor-pipe 1130 connects the vapor joining portion 1120 to the condensing unit 1020.
As mentioned above, the phase-change cooling device 1000 according to the present example embodiment is configured to include the vapor joining portion 1120 in the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100, and connect the vapor joining portion 1120 to the plurality of heat receiving units 1010 respectively by the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110. This enables the refrigerant vapor generated by the plurality of heat sources to meet in the vapor joining portion 1120; therefore, it is possible to reduce the pressure loss due to a branching. As a result, according to the phase-change cooling device 1000 of the present example embodiment, it is possible to cool efficiently even a plurality of heat sources to be cooled by a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system without degrading the cooling performance.
As illustrated in
The configuration of the refrigerant liquid transport structure 1200 is not particularly limited; however, as illustrated in
The heat receiving units 1010 can be configured to include a plurality of evaporating units each of which is thermally connected to a heat source and stores the refrigerant, and it can be configured in which the plurality of evaporating units are disposed in the vertical direction. Specifically, for example, the heat receiving unit 1010 can be a heat receiving module in which a plurality of servers as heat sources are disposed in a stack within a server rack, which includes the evaporating unit on a rear door or the like of the server rack. The vapor joining portion 1120 can be configured to be positioned above the server rack, outside the rear door on which the heat receiving unit 1010 is disposed. The refrigerant liquid reservoir 1220 can also be configured to be positioned above the server rack, outside the rear door on which the heat receiving unit 1010 is disposed.
Next, the operation of the phase-change cooling device 1000 according to the present example embodiment will be described using the configuration illustrated in
The phase-change cooling device 1000 absorbs the heat that is generated in a plurality of servers disposed in the server rack, for example, by means of the heat receiving units 1010 included in respective server racks, and radiates the heat by the condensing unit 1020. This makes it possible to cool the servers and the like installed in the server rack.
Each of the heat receiving units 1010, which is provided in each server rack and absorbs the heat from the server rack, is connected to the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 and the sub-liquid-pipe 1230. The sub-vapor-pipe 1110 is connected to the main-vapor-pipe 1130 at the vapor joining portion 1120, and the sub-liquid-pipe 1230 is connected to the main-liquid-pipe 1210 at the refrigerant liquid reservoir 1220. The main-vapor-pipe 1130 and the main-liquid-pipe 1210 are connected to the single condensing unit 1020
The heat receiving unit 1010 is filled with the refrigerant liquid. The refrigerant liquid receives the exhaust heat from the server rack, and absorbs the heat, and vaporizes, by which the refrigerant liquid turns to the refrigerant vapor and rises by buoyancy. The refrigerant vapor flows toward the condensing unit 1020 through the sub-vapor-pipes 1110 with less pressure loss than the sub-liquid-pipe 1230. At this time, the refrigerant vapor streams from the respective heat receiving units 1010 meet in the vapor joining portion 1120 and then reach the condensing unit 1020 through the main-vapor-pipe 1130.
The refrigerant vapor radiates the heat in the condensing unit 1020 by exchanging the heat for air or water. The refrigerant condensed and liquefied in the condensing unit 1020 turns to refrigerant liquid, which flows toward the refrigerant liquid reservoir 1220 through the main-liquid-pipe 1210. The refrigerant liquid is distributed from the refrigerant liquid reservoir 1220 to the respective heat receiving units 1010, and the needed volume of the refrigerant liquid is supplied for each heat receiving unit 1010 through the sub-liquid-pipes 1230. This cooling cycle is continuously performed, which makes it possible to absorb the heat continuously from the server rack.
There can be not only refrigerant vapor but also refrigerant liquid in the sub-vapor-pipes 1110, the vapor joining portion 1120, and the main-vapor-pipe 1130, which compose the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100. Similarly, there can be not only refrigerant liquid but also refrigerant vapor in the main-liquid-pipe 1210, the refrigerant liquid reservoir 1220, and the sub-liquid-pipes 1230, which compose the refrigerant liquid transport structure 1200.
Next, a phase-change cooling method according to the present example embodiment will be described.
In a phase-change cooling method according to the present example embodiment, first, refrigerant is evaporated by receiving heat from each of a plurality of heat sources, and refrigerant vapor streams of the refrigerant evaporated by each of the plurality of heat sources are made to meet. And then, refrigerant liquid is generated by condensing and liquefying the joined refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant liquid is circulated so as to receive heat from each of the plurality of heat sources. This makes it possible to cool efficiently even a plurality of heat sources to be cooled by a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system without degrading the cooling performance.
Next, a second example embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present example embodiment, the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 included in the phase-change cooling device 1000 will be described further in detail.
In the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 according to the present example embodiment, the vapor joining portion 2100 is configured to include a container 2110 with a solid shape having a plurality of flat surfaces, a main-vapor-pipe connection, and a plurality of sub-vapor-pipe connections. The main-vapor-pipe connection is located on the upper surface of the container 2110 and is connected to the main-vapor-pipe 1130. The plurality of sub-vapor-pipe connections are located on the side surfaces of the container 2110 and are respectively connected to the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110.
The connecting protrusion 2120 (nozzle) can be configured to be detachable, and its diameter can be selected depending on the amount of heat generation of each heat source to which each heat receiving unit 1010 is thermally connected. That is to say, the vapor joining portion 2100 can be configured to include at least two sub-vapor-pipe connections with the connecting protrusions 2120 differing from each other in the diameter. This enables the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 connected to the heat receiving unit 1010 with a large amount of heat generation to be connected to the container 2110 by the connecting protrusion 2120 having a large diameter. In other words, the optimum diameter of the connecting protrusion 2120 included in the main-vapor-pipe connection and the sub-vapor-pipe connection can be selected depending on the amount of the refrigerant vapor generated in the heat receiving units 1010. As a result, it is possible to reduce the pressure loss of the refrigerant vapor before and after the confluence and transport the refrigerant successfully.
The main-vapor-pipe connection located on the upper surface of the container 2110 can be configured to be located on the extended line of the central axes of the connecting protrusions 2120 included in the sub-vapor-pipe connections on the side surfaces of the container 2110. In other words, the angle at which each connecting protrusion 2120 (nozzle) is attached to the container 2110 can be selected. For example, it is possible to attach the connecting protrusion 2120 (nozzle) to the side surface of the container 2110 at an angle so that the main-vapor-pipe connection may be located on the extended line of the central axes of the connecting protrusion 2120 (nozzle) on the side surface of the container 2110. This makes it possible to control the pressure loss caused by the fact that the refrigerant vapor curves inside the container 2110.
As mentioned above, according to the phase-change cooling device 1000 including the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 of the present example embodiment, it is possible to reduce the pressure loss caused by the fact that the refrigerant vapor streams meet that flow into through the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110. As a result, it is possible to cool efficiently even a plurality of heat sources to be cooled by a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system without degrading the cooling performance.
The connecting protrusion 2120 may be configured to include a flange section at one end. In this case, the main-vapor-pipe connection includes the connecting protrusion 2120 with the flange section fixed on the upper surface of the container 2110 by a fastener member. The sub-vapor-pipe connection includes the connecting protrusion 2120 with the flange section fixed on the side surface of the container 2110 by a fastener member.
Specifically, for example, as illustrated in
Similarly, the main-vapor-pipe connection to be connected to the main-vapor-pipe 1130 can be configured to include a connecting protrusion 2120 having a flange section. It becomes easy again to select a desired diameter because it is possible to attach and detach the connecting protrusion 2120 easily.
The configuration has been described above in which the connecting protrusion 2120 includes a flange section at one end. It is not limited to this, however, it may be configured that the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 includes a flange section at one end. The container 2110 can be configured to include, on the side surface, a connecting hole to fix the above-described sub-vapor-pipe 1110 by means of a fastener member. In this case, the flange section of the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 and the connection hole compose the sub-vapor-pipe connection.
As illustrated in
Next, a third example embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present example embodiment, the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 included in the phase-change cooling device 1000 will be described further in detail.
In the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 according to the present example embodiment, the vapor joining portion 3100 is configured to include a piping area 3110 and to be connected to the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110 on the side of the piping area 3110.
As illustrated in
The vapor joining portion 3100 is configured so that the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor flowing into the piping area 3110 from the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 may make an acute angle on the same plane with the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor flowing through the piping area 3110. In addition, the vapor joining portion 3100 can be configured so that the central axis of the stream of the refrigerant vapor flowing into the piping area 3110 from the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 may not intersect the central axis of the piping area 3110.
That is to say, the vapor joining portion 3100 can be configured in which each of the sub-vapor-pipes 1110 connected to the plurality of heat receiving units 1010 is attached to the piping area 3110 in an oblique direction and is eccentrically attached. In other words, the sub-vapor-pipes 1110 are attached to the piping area 3110 with those central axes out of alignment. Thus, the configuration in which the central axes of the piping area 3110 and the sub-vapor-pipes 1110 are out of alignment makes it possible to prevent the refrigerant vapor streams from colliding in the portion where the dynamic pressure of the refrigerant vapor is highest; therefore, it is possible to control elevated internal pressure.
In particular, the configuration in which the refrigerant vapor streams meet in an oblique direction with those central axes out of alignment enables the refrigerant vapor flowing from the sub-vapor-pipe 1110 to meet, tracing a spiral, with the refrigerant vapor flowing from the upstream position of the piping area 3110 along its migration direction. This makes it possible to control the pressure loss caused by the collision between the refrigerant vapor streams and prevent the absorption performance to degrade.
As mentioned above, according to the phase-change cooling device 1000 with the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100 including the vapor joining portion 3100 in the present example embodiment, it is possible to reduce the pressure loss caused by the fact that the refrigerant vapor streams meet that flow into through the plurality of sub-vapor-pipes 1110. As a result, it is possible to cool efficiently even a plurality of heat sources to be cooled by a natural-circulation type phase-change cooling system without degrading the cooling performance.
As illustrated in
Through the branch pipe 3120, the condensed liquid of the refrigerant that arises in the piping area 3110 is transported to the liquid pipe side. This can prevent the refrigerant liquid from flowing back to the heat receiving units 1010. It is possible to decrease the fluid resistance to the refrigerant vapor due to the presence of refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1100, which enables the thermal transport efficiency to improve.
As illustrated in
The configuration enables the refrigerant liquid in the vapor joining portion 3200 and the main-vapor-pipe 3130 to flow to the condensing unit 1020. As a result, it is possible to decrease the fluid resistance to the refrigerant vapor due to the presence of refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant vapor transport structure 1101, which enables the thermal transport efficiency to improve.
The present invention has been described using the above-mentioned example embodiments as exemplary examples. The present invention, however, is not limited to the above-mentioned example embodiments. That is to say, various aspects that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be applied to the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese patent application No. 2014-172114, filed on Aug. 27, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-172114 | Aug 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/004144 | 8/19/2015 | WO | 00 |
