Claims
- 1. A method for producing a hydrogen-rich gas which comprises:
contacting a CO-containing gas with a water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a temperature of not more than about 450° C., wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir, Ge, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, and Eu, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the CO-containing gas is a syngas.
- 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, and La, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Co, Mo, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, La, and Ce, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and K, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Na, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Ti, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ti, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and one or more members selected from the group consisting of V, Mo, Fe, and Ce, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Fe, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Fe, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the water gas shift catalyst further comprises
Ce, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst is supported on a carrier comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, magnesia, lanthania, niobia, zeolite, perovskite, silica clay, yttria and iron oxide and mixtures thereof.
- 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the carrier comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of zirconia, titania and ceria.
- 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the carrier comprises zirconia.
- 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 150° C. to about 450° C.
- 17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with a water gas shift catalyst at a temperature ranging from more than about 350° C. to up to about 450° C.
- 18. A method according to claim 16, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with a water gas shift catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 250° C. to up to about 350° C.
- 19. A method according to claim 16, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with a water gas shift catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 150° C. to up to about 250° C.
- 20. A method according to claim 1, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst at a pressure of no more than about 75 bar.
- 21. A method according to claim 20, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst at a pressure of no more than about 50 bar.
- 22. A method according to claim 20, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst at a pressure of no more than about 25 bar.
- 23. A method according to claim 20, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst at a pressure of no more than about 15 bar.
- 24. A method according to claim 20, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst at a pressure of no more than about 1 bar.
- 25. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 26. A method according to claim 25, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 28. A method according to claim 1, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group I element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 29. A catalyst for catalyzing the water gas shift reaction comprising:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir, Ge, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, and Eu, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 30. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, and La, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 31. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of Co, Mo, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 32. A catalyst according to claim 31, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises:
one or more members selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, La, and Ce, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 33. A catalyst according to claim 32, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and K, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 34. A catalyst according to claim 32, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Na, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 35. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Ti, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 36. A catalyst according to claim 35, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ti, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and one or more members selected from the group consisting of V, Mo, Fe, and Ce, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 37. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Fe, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 38. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and Fe, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 39. A catalyst according to claim 38, wherein the water gas shift catalyst further comprises Ce, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 40. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst is supported on a carrier comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, magnesia, lanthania, niobia, zeolite, perovskite, silica clay, yttria and iron oxide and mixtures thereof.
- 41. A catalyst according to claim 40, wherein the carrier comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of zirconia, titania and ceria.
- 42. A catalyst according to claim 41, wherein the carrier comprises zirconia.
- 43. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 44. A catalyst according to claim 43, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 45. A catalyst according to claim 44, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 46. A catalyst according to claim 29, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group I element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 47. A method for producing a hydrogen-rich gas which comprises:
contacting a CO-containing gas with a water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a temperature of not more than about 450° C., wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises: a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; c) Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and d) at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir, Ge, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, and Eu, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 48. A method according to claim 47, wherein the CO-containing gas is a syngas.
- 49. A method according to claim 47, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and one or more member selected from the group consisting of K, La and Ce, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 50. A method according to claim 49, wherein the water gas shift catalyst further comprises
Rh, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 51. A method according to claim 49, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and K, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 52. A method according to claim 47, wherein the water gas shift catalyst is supported on a carrier comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, magnesia, lanthania, niobia, zeolite, perovskite, silica clay, yttria and iron oxide and mixtures thereof.
- 53. A method according to claim 52, wherein the carrier comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of zirconia, titania and ceria.
- 54. A method according to claim 53, wherein the carrier comprises zirconia.
- 55. A method according to claim 47, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a temperature ranging from about 150° C. to about 450° C.
- 56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with a water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a temperature ranging from more than about 350° C. to up to about 450° C.
- 57. A method according to claim 55, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with a water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a temperature ranging from about 250° C. to up to about 350° C.
- 58. A method according to claim 55, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with a water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a temperature ranging from about 150° C. to up to about 250° C.
- 59. A method according to claim 55, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a pressure of no more than about 75 bar.
- 60. A method according to claim 59, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a pressure of no more than about 50 bar.
- 61. A method according to claim 59, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a pressure of no more than about 25 bar.
- 62. A method according to claim 59, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a pressure of no more than about 15 bar.
- 63. A method according to claim 59, wherein the CO-containing gas is contacted with the water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at a pressure of no more than about 1 bar.
- 64. A method according to claim 47, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 65. A method according to claim 64, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 66. A method according to claim 65, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 67. A method according to claim 47, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group 1 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 68. A catalyst for catalyzing the water gas shift reaction comprising:
a) Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; b) Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; c) Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and d) at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir, Ge, Sn, Sb, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, and Eu, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 69. A catalyst according to claim 68, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises
Pt, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Ru, its oxides or mixtures thereof; Co, its oxides or mixtures thereof; and one or more member selected from the group consisting of Na, K, La and Ce, their oxides and mixtures thereof.
- 70. A catalyst according to claim 69, wherein the water gas shift catalyst further comprises Rh, its oxides or mixtures thereof.
- 71. A catalyst according to claim 68, wherein the water gas shift catalyst is supported on a carrier comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, magnesia, lanthania, niobia, zeolite, perovskite, silica clay, yttria and iron oxide and mixtures thereof.
- 72. A catalyst according to claim 71, wherein the carrier comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of zirconia, titania and ceria.
- 73. A catalyst according to claim 72, wherein the carrier comprises zirconia.
- 74. A catalyst according to claim 68, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 75. A catalyst according to claim 74, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.01 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 76. A catalyst according to claim 75, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises between about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % of each Group 8, 9, or 10 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 77. A catalyst according to claim 68, wherein the water gas shift catalyst comprises about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, with respect to the total weight of all catalyst components plus the support material, of each Group 1 element present in the water gas shift catalyst.
- 78. A fuel processing system for generation of a hydrogen-rich gas from a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon fuel, the fuel processing system comprising
a fuel reformer for converting a fuel reactant stream comprising a hydrocarbon or a substituted hydrocarbon fuel to a reformed product stream comprising carbon monoxide and water, the fuel reformer having an inlet for receiving the reactant stream, a reaction chamber for converting the reactant stream to the product stream, and an outlet for discharging the product stream, a water gas shift reactor for effecting a water gas shift reaction at a temperature of less than about 450° C., the water gas shift reactor comprising an inlet for receiving a water gas shift feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and water from the product stream of the fuel reformer, a reaction chamber comprising a water gas shift catalyst selected from any one of the catalysts of claim 29, the water gas shift catalyst being effective for generating hydrogen and carbon dioxide from the water gas shift feed stream, and an outlet for discharging the resulting hydrogen-rich gas, and a temperature controller adapted for maintaining the temperature of the reaction chamber of the water gas shift reactor at a temperature of less than about 450° C.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims benefit from earlier filed U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/434,708, filed Dec. 20, 2002, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference for all purposes. The present application also incorporates by reference the PCT International Patent Application No. ______ entitled “Platinum-Ruthenium Containing Catalyst Formulations for Hydrogen Generation” naming as inventors Hagemeyer et al. (Attorney Docket No. 708000701PCT) filed on the same date as the present application.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60434708 |
Dec 2002 |
US |