Raner, G.M. et al., "Metabolism of all-trans, 9-cis, and 13-cis isomers of retinal by purified isozymes of microsomal cytochrome P450 and mechanism-based inhibition of retinoid oxidation by citral", Mol. Pharmacol. 49: 515-522 (1996). |
Leo, M.A. et al., "Retinoic acid metabolism by a system reconstituted with cytochrome P-450", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234: 305-312 (1984). |
Martini, R. et al., "Participation of P450 3A enzymes in rat hepatic microsomal retinoic acid 4-hydroxylation", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 303: 57-66 (1993). |
Marikar, Y. et al., "Regulation, properties, and solubilization of a unique cytochrome P-450 that specifically metabolizes all-trans retinoic acid to less active 4-hydroxy retinoic acid in human keratinocyte HACAT cells", Abstract, J. Invest. Dermatol. 106(4): 807 (1996). |
White, J.A., et al., "Identification of the retinoic acid-inducible all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase", J. Biol. Chem. 271: 29922-29927 (1996). |
Tomita, S., et al., "Characteristic properties of a retinoic acid synthetic cytochrome P-450 purified from liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rats", Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1290: 273-281 (1996). |
Han, I.S., and Choi, J.-H., "Highly specific cytochrome P450-like enzymes for all-trans-retinoic acid in T47D human breast cancer cells", J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 81: 2069-2075 (1996). |
Castonguay, A., Overby, L., Nettesheim, P., Clark, G.C., and Philpot, R.M., "Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in cultured rat tracheal epithelial cells", Environ. Health Perspect. 103: 254-258 (1995). |
Leo, M.A., Lasker, J.M., Raucy, J.L., Kim, C.-I., Black, M. and Lieber, C.S., "Metabolism of retinol and retinoic acid by human liver cytochrome P450llC8", Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 269: 305-312 (1989). |
Windhorst, D.B., "The use of isotretinoin in disorders of keratinization", J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 6: 708-709 (1982). |
Zierold, C., Darwish, H.M., and DeLuca, H.F., "Two vitamin D response elements function in the rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase promoter", J. Biol. Chem., 270: 1675-1678 (1995). |
Heng, H.H.Q., and Tsui, L.-C., "Modes of DAPI banding and simultaneous in situ hybridization", Chromosoma, 102: 325-332 (1993). |
Jones, B.B., Ohno, C.K., Allenby, G., Boffa, M.B., Levin, A.A., Grippo, J.F., and Petkovich, M., "New retinoid X receptor subtypes in zebra fish (Danio rerio) differentially modulate transcription and do not bind 9-cis retinoic acid", Mol. Cell. Biol, 15: 5226-5234 (1995). |
Lammer, E.J., Chen, D.T., Hoar, R.M., Agnish, N.D., Benke, P.J., Braun, J.T., Curry, C.J., Fernhoff, P.M., Grix, A.W., Lott, I.T., Richard, J.M., and Sun, S.C., "Retinoic acid embryopathy", N. Engl. J. Med., 313: 837-841 (1985). |
Liang, P., and Pardee, A.B., "Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction", Science, 257: 967-971 (1992). |
Lichter, P., Tang, C.-J. C., Call, K., Hermanson, G., Evans, G.A., Housman, D., and Ward, D.C., "High-resolution mapping of human chromosome 11 by in situ hybridization with cosmid clones", Science, 247: 64-69 (1990). |
Maden, M., and Holder, N., "Retinoic acid and development of the central nervous system", BioEssays, 14: 431-438 (1992). |
Makin, G., Lohnes, D., Byford, V., Ray, R., and Jones, G., "Target cell metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.sub.3 to calcitroic acid", Biochem. J., 262: 173-180 (1989). |
Mangelsdorf, D.J., and Evans, R.M., "The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors", Cell 83: 841-850 (1995). |
Monia, B.P., Johnston, J.F., Geiger, T., Muller, M., and Fabbro, D., "Antitumor activity of a phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted against C-raf kinase", Nature Med., 2: 668-675 (1996). |
Morriss-Kay, G., "Retinoic acid and craniofacial development: molecules and morphogenesis", BioEssays, 15: 9-15 (1993). |
Muindi, J.R.F., Frankel, S.R., Huselton, C., DeGrazia, F., Garland, W.A., Young, C.W., and Warrell, Jr., R.P., "Clinical pharmacology of oral all-trans retinoic acid in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia", Cancer Res., 52: 2138-2142 (1992). |
Muindi, J.R.F., Young, C.W., and Warrell, Jr., R.P., "Clinical pharmacology of all-trans retinoic acid", Leukemia, 8: 1807-1812 (1994). |
Napoli, J.L., and Race, K.R., "The biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol by rat tissues in vitro", Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 255: 95-101 (1987). |
Nelson, D.R., Kamataki, T., Waxman, D.J., Guengerich, F.P., Estabrook, R.W., Feyereisen, R., Gonzalez, F.J., Coon, M.J., Gunsalus, I.C., Gotoh, O., Okuda, K., and Nebert, D.W., "The P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers, early trivial names of enzymes, and nomenclature", DNA and Cell Biol., 12: 1-51 (1993). |
Ohyama, Y., Ozono, K., Uchida, M., Shinki, T., Kato, S., Suda, T., Yamamoto, O., Noshiro, M., and Kato, Y., "Identification of a vitamin D-responsive element in the 5'-flanking region of the rat 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.3 24-hydroxylase gene", J. Biol. Chem., 269: 10545-10550 (1994). |
Pijnappel, W.W.M., Hendriks, H.F.J., Folkers, G.E., van den Brink, C.E., Dekker, E.J., Edelenbosch, C., van der Saag, P.T., and Durston, A.J., "The retinoid ligand 4-oxo-retinoic acid is a highly active modulator of positional specification", Nature, 366: 340-344 (1993). |
Reddy, A.P., Chen, J.-Y., Zacharewski, T., Gronemeyer, H., Voorhees, J.J., and Fisher, G.J., "Characterization and purification of human retinoic acid receptor-.gamma.1 overexpressed in the baculovirus-insect cell system", Biochem J., 287: 833-840 (1992). |
Thaller, C., and Eichele, G., "Isolation of 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid, a novel morphogenetic signal in the chick wing bud", Nature, 345: 815-819 (1990). |
White, J.A., Boffa, M.B., Jones, B., and Petkovich, M., "A zebrafish retinoic acid receptor expressed in the regenerating caudal fin", Development,120: 1861-1872 (1994). |
Roberts, A.B., Frolik, C.A., Nichols, M.D., and Sporn, M.B. "Retinoid-dependent induction of the in vivo and in vitro metabolism of retinoic acid in tissues of the vitamin A-deficient hamster", J. Biol. Chem., 254: 6303-6309 (1979). |
Takatsuka, J., Takahashi, N., and De Luca, L.M., "Retinoic acid metabolism and inhibition of cell proliferation: an unexpected liaison", Cancer Res., 56: 675-678 (1996). |
van Wauwe, J.P., Ceone, M.-C., Goossens, J., van Nijen, G., Cools, W., and Lauwers, W., "Ketoconazole inhibits the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid", J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 245: 718-722 (1988). |
van Wauwe, J.P., Coene, M.-C., Goossens, J., Cools, W., and Monbaliu, J., "Effects of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on the in vivo metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid in rats", J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 252: 365-369 (1990). |
van Wauwe, J.P., van Nyen, G., Ceone, M.-C., Stoppie, P., Cools, W., Goossens, J., Borghgraef, P., and Janssen, P.A.J., "Liarozole, an inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism, exerts retinoid-mimetic effects in vivo", J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 261: 773-779 (1992). |
Williams, J.B., and Napoli, J.L., "Inhibition of retinoic acid metabolism by imidazole antimycotics in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells", Biochem. Pharm. 36: 1386-1388 (1987). |
Wouters, W., van Dun, J., Dillen, A., Coene, M.-C., Cools, W., and De Coster, R., "Effects of liarozole, a new antitumoral compound, on retinoic acid-induced inhibition of cell growth and on retinoic acid metabolism in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells", Cancer Res. 52: 2841-2846 (1992). |
Achkar, C.C., Derguini, F., Blumberg, B., Langston, A., Levin, A.A., Speck, J., Evans, R.M., Bolado, Jr., J., Nakanishi, K., Buck, J., and Gudas, L.J., "4-Oxoretinol, a new natural ligand and transactivator of the retinoic acid receptors", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 4879-4884 (1996). |
Akimenko, M.-A., and Ekker, M., "Anterior duplication of the Sonic hedgehog expression pattern in the pectoral fin buds of zebrafish treated with retinoic acid", Dev. Biol., 170: 243-247 (1995). |
Akimenko, M.-A., Johnson, S.L., Westerfield, M., and Ekker, M., "Differential induction of four msx homeobox genes during fin development and regeneration in zebrafish", Development, 121: 347-357 (1995). |
Akiyoshi-Shibata, M., Sakaki, T., Ohyama, Y., Noshiro, M., Okuda, K., and Yabusaki, Y., "Further oxidization of hydroxycalcidiol by calcidiol 24-hydroxylase. A study with the mature enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli", Eur. J. Biochem., 224: 335-343 (1994). |
Blumberg, B., Bolado, Jr., J., Derguini, F., Craig, A.G., Moreno, T.A., Chakravarti, D., Heyman, R.A., Buck, J., and Evans, R.M., Novel retinoic acid receptor ligands in Xenopus embryos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 4873-4878 (1996). |
Boyle, A.L., Feltquite, D.M., Dracopoli, N.C., Housman, D.E., and Ward, D.C., "Rapid physical mapping of cloned DNA on banded mouse chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization", Genomics 12: 106-115 (1992). |
Chambon, P., "The molecular and genetic dissection of the retinoid signaling pathway", Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 50: 317-332 (1995). |
Chen, K.-S., and DeLuca, H.F., "Cloning of the human 1 .alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 24-hydroxylase gene promoter and identification of two vitamin D-responsive elements", Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1263: 1-9 (1995). |
Costardis, P., Horton, C., Zeitlinger, J., Holder, N., and Maden, M., "Endogenous retinoids in the zebrafish embryo and adult", Dev. Dynamics, 205: 41-51 (1996). |
Creech Kraft, J., Schuh, T., Juchau, M.R., and Kimelman, D., "Temporal disribution, localization and metabolism of all-trans-retinol, didehydroretinol and all-trans-retinal during Xenopus development", Biochem J., 301: 111-119 (1994). |
Fiorella, P.D., Guiguere, V., and Napoli, J.L., "Expression of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (Type II) in Escherichia coli", J. Biol. Chem., 268: 21545-21552 (1993). |
Green, S., Issemann, I., and Sheer, E., "A versatile in vivo and in vitro eukaryotic expression sector for protein engineering", Nucl. Acids Res., 16: 369 (1988). |
Guengerich, F.P., "Reactions and significance of cytochrome P-450 enzymes", J. Biol. Chem., 266: 10019-10022 (1991). |
Adamson, P.C., Boylan, J.F., Balis, F.M., Murphy, R.F., Godwin, K.A., Gudas, L.J., and Poplack. D.G., "Time course of induction of metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid and the up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein", Cancer Res., 53: 472-476 (1993). |
Boylan, J.F., Lufkin, T., Achkar, C.C., Taneja, R., Chambon, P, and Gudas, L.J., "Targeted disruption of retinoic acid receptor .alpha. (RAR.alpha.) and RAR.gamma. results in receptor-specific alterations in retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and retinoic acid metabolism", Mol. Cell. Biol., 15: 843-851 (1995). |
Denison, M.S., and Whitlock, Jr., J.P., "Xenobiotic-inducible transcription of cytochrome P450 genes", J. Biol. Chem., 270: 18175-18178 (1995). |
Duell, E.A., .ANG.strom, A., Griffiths, C.E.M., Chambon, P., and Voorhees, J.J., "Human skin levels of retinoic acid and cytochrome P-450-derived 4-hydroxyretinoic acid after topical application of retinoic acid in vivo compared to concentrations required to stimulate retinoic acid receptor-mediated transcription in vitro", J. Clin. Invest., 90: 1269-1274 (1992). |
Duell, E.A., .ANG.strom, A., Kang. S., Griffiths, C.E.M., and Voorhees, J.J., "All-trans, 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid each induce a cytochrome P450 4-retinoic acid hydroxylase which causes all-trans but not 9-cis or 13-cis retinoic acid to self-metabolize", SID Abstracts, 102: 641 (1994). |
Frolik, C.A., Roberts, A.B., Tavela, T.E., Roller, P.P., Newton, D.L., and Sporn, M.B., "Isolation and identification of 4-hydroxy- and 4-oxoretinoic acid. In vitro metabolites of all-trans-retinoic acid in hamster trachea and liver", Biochemistry, 18: 2092-2097 (1979). |
Muindi, J.R.F., Young, C.W., and Warrell, Jr., R.P., "Clinical pharmacology of all-trans retinoic acid", Leukemia, 8: S16-S21 (1994). |
Roberts, A.B., Nichols, M.D., Newton, D.L., and Sporn, M.B., "In vitro metabolism of retinoic acid in hamster intestine and liver", J. Biol. Chem., 254: 6296-6302 (1979). |
Murtha et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10711-10715. |
Ogura et al. (Jan. 1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 387-391. |
Hillier et al. (May 1995) accession R51129, EST-STS, EST-STS-TWO databases. |
Promega, 1992-1993 Catalog, p. 138. |
George et al. (1988) Macromolecular Sequencing and Synthesis, Selected Methods and Applications, pp. 127-149. Alan R. Liss, Inc. |
Hillier et al. (Apr. 1995) Accession R22211, EST-STS, EST-STS-TWO databases. |