Semiconductor device including a plurality of interconnection layers

Abstract

A semiconductor device including an interconnection structure having superior electrical characteristics and allowing higher speed of operation and lower power consumption even when miniaturized, manufacturing method thereof and a method of designing a semiconductor circuit used in the manufacturing method are provided. In the semiconductor device, a conductive region is formed on a main surface of a semiconductor substrate. A first interconnection layer is electrically connected to the conductive region, has a relatively short line length, and contains a material having relatively high electrical resistance. A first insulator is formed to surround the first interconnection layer and has a relatively low dielectric constant. A second interconnection layer is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate, contains a material having low electrical resistance than the material contained in the first interconnection layer, and has longer line length than the first interconnection layer. A second insulator is formed to surround the second interconnection layer and has a dielectric constant higher than the first insulator.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a CMOS logic circuit element, a semiconductor device, manufacturing method thereof and to a method of designing a semiconductor circuit used in the manufacturing method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a CMOS logic circuit device, a semiconductor device, manufacturing method thereof and a method of designing a semiconductor circuit used in the manufacturing method enabling higher speed of operation and reduced power consumption and preventing degradation of electrical characteristics, even when the devices are miniaturized.

2. Description of the Background Art

Higher degree of miniaturization, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption have been increasingly desired in semiconductor devices such as represented by CMOS logic circuit devices and DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memory). To meet such demands, developments have been made in improving transistor performance, reduction in parasitic capacitance of interconnection layers and reduction of line resistance.

FIG. 19 is a schematic cross section representing a multi-layered interconnection structure of a semiconductor device related to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 19 , in the semiconductor device, on a first interlayer insulating film 146 a , a first interconnection 145 a of aluminum is formed. On the first interconnection 145 a , second interconnections 145 b to 145 d of aluminum are formed with a second interlayer insulating film 146 b interposed. On second interconnections 145 b to 145 d , a third interconnection 145 e is formed with a second interlayer insulating film 146 b . On the third interconnection 145 e , a third interlayer insulating film 146 c is formed. Here, second interconnections 145 b to 145 d are formed to extend in a direction approximately orthogonal to the direction of extension of the first and third interconnections 145 a and 145 e.

Referring to FIG. 19 , as the semiconductor devices have been miniaturized, a space S between interconnections becomes smaller. As the space S between interconnections becomes smaller, total parasitic capacitance Ctot (hereinafter referred to as total capacitance) of interconnection 145 c has been increasing. Here, the total capacitance Ctot is represented as the total sum of parasitic capacitance Cc formed between interconnections 145 b and 145 d adjacent in horizontal direction, parasitic capacitance Ctop formed between interconnections 145 e and 145 c , and parasitic capacitance Cbot formed between interconnections 145 a and 145 c . When the space S between interconnections is made small, the ratio of parasitic capacitance Cc with respect to total capacitance Ctot attains as high as about 80%.

Therefore, conventionally, in order to reduce the parasitic capacitance Cc between interconnections in the horizontal direction, a proposal has been made to place an insulator having relatively low dielectric constant such as a silicon oxide film to which fluorine added (SiOF) between adjacent interconnections, so as to reduce parasitic capacitance Cc in the horizontal direction.

The insulator having low dielectric constant such as SiOF, however, involves larger amount of leakage current as compared with the conventionally used silicon oxide film and, further, it suffers from the problem of high reactivity with the material such as aluminum of interconnections 145 a to 145 e . Accordingly, a multi-layered interconnection structure of a semiconductor device such as shown in FIG. 20 has been proposed.

FIG. 20 is a schematic cross section showing another example of the multi-layered interconnection structure of a semiconductor device related to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 20 , the semiconductor device basically has the similar structure as the semiconductor device of FIG. 19 . In the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 20 , however, surfaces of second interconnections 145 b to 145 d are covered by portions 157 a to 157 c of the interlayer insulating film, which are parts of the conventional interlayer insulating film 146 b of silicon oxide. Insulators 156 a to 156 d having low dielectric constant such as SiOF, having lower dielectric constant than silicon oxide film constituting the interlayer insulating film 146 b , are arranged between interconnections 145 b to 145 d . On second interlayer insulating film 146 b and insulators 156 a to 156 d of low dielectric constant, an interlayer insulating film 146 d of silicon oxide is formed.

In this manner, as insulators 156 a to 156 d having low dielectric constant are arranged between interconnections 145 b to 145 d , parasitic capacitance Cc in the horizontal direction of interconnection 145 c can be effectively reduced. Further, as portions 157 a to 157 c of interlayer insulating film formed of silicon oxide are formed between interconnections 145 b to 145 d and insulators 156 a to 156 d of low dielectric constant, direct contact between interconnections 145 b to 145 d with insulators 156 a to 156 d of low dielectric constant can be prevented. Therefore, reaction between interconnections 145 b to 145 d and insulators 156 a to 156 d having low dielectric constant can be prevented. Accordingly, degradation of electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device caused by fluctuation of electrical characteristics of interconnections 145 b to 145 d can be prevented.

While the semiconductor devices has been miniaturized with the parasitic capacitance of interconnections reduced, cross sectional area of the interconnection itself has been reduced, as the semiconductor devices has been miniaturized. Smaller cross sectional area of the interconnection leads to increased line resistance, which causes degradation of electrical characteristic such as slower speed of operation of the semiconductor device, which is a significant problem. For this reason, use of copper having lower resistance as the material of interconnection in place of conventionally used aluminum, has been studied. When copper is used as the material of the interconnection, line resistance can be decreased even when the interconnection has the same cross sectional area as the aluminum interconnection. Accordingly, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

In Damascene process used generally in forming copper interconnection, a silicon nitride film or the like is used as an etching stopper in the process. The silicon nitride film remains in the interlayer insulating film even after the copper interconnection is completed. Here, the silicon nitride film has higher dielectric constant than the silicon oxide film which has been conventionally used as the interlayer insulating film. Therefore, in view of parasitic capacitance of interconnections, sometimes the total capacitance Ctot attains higher than in the conventional example, when copper interconnection is formed. The inventors have found that, as a result, it is difficult to obtain a semiconductor device having superior electrical characteristics and allowing higher speed of operation and lower power consumption simply by replacing the conventional aluminum interconnection with copper interconnection.

When the interconnection is formed using copper, a barrier metal layer is formed on the surface of the interconnection, in order to prevent diffusion of copper to the interlayer insulating film. Here, the barrier metal layer must have a minimum film thickness to maintain its function. Generally, a material for the barrier metal layer has higher electrical resistance than copper. As the semiconductor devices have been miniaturized, the ratio of barrier metal layer with respect to the cross sectional area of the interconnection increases, and therefore influence of the barrier metal layer on the line resistance comes to be non-negligible. Line resistance may be out of the designed range because of variation in film thickness of the barrier metal layer. The inventors have also found that this leads to the problem of degraded electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device including an interconnection structure having superior electrical characteristics allowing higher speed of operation and lower power consumption even when the device is miniaturized.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a CMOS logic circuit device including an interconnection structure having superior electrical characteristics allowing higher speed of operation and lower power consumption even when miniaturized.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including an interconnection structure having superior electrical characteristics allowing higher speed of operation and lower power consumption even when miniaturized.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of designing a semiconductor circuit used in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device including an interconnection structure having superior electrical characteristics allowing higher speed of operation and lower power consumption even when miniaturized.

The semiconductor device according to the aforementioned one aspect of the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate, a conductive region, a first interconnection layer, a first insulator, a second interconnection layer and a second insulator. The semiconductor substrate has a main surface. The conductive region is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. First interconnection layer is electrically connected to the conductive region, has a relatively short line length, and contains a material having relatively high electrical resistance. The first insulator is formed to surround the first interconnection layer and has a relatively low dielectric constant. The second interconnection layer is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate, contains a material having lower electrical resistance than the material contained in the first interconnection layer, and has longer line length than the first interconnection layer. The second insulator is formed to surround the second interconnection layer and has higher dielectric constant than the first insulator.

Here, in the first interconnection layer having relatively short line length such as a short interconnection within a circuit block, for example, it is necessary to reduce the distance between interconnections as small as possible, as the degree of integration of the circuit elements is increased. When the distance between interconnections is reduced, reduction in parasitic resistance between interconnections is particularly effective in improving the speed of operation of the semiconductor device.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, as a first insulator having relatively low dielectric constant is formed to surround a first interconnection layer having relatively short line length, parasitic resistance between interconnections of the first interconnection layer can be made smaller than the parasitic resistance between interconnections of the second interconnection layer. As a result, the speed of operation of the semiconductor device can effectively be improved. Therefore, a semiconductor device having such an interconnection structure that ensures superior electrical characteristics can be obtained.

Further, the second interconnection layer which has longer line length than the first interconnection layer contains material having low electrical resistance than the material contained in the first interconnection layer, and therefore the line resistance of the second interconnection layer can be made lower than that of the first interconnection layer. Here, in the second interconnection layer which corresponds to the long line such as interconnections between circuit blocks, reduction in line resistance is more effective in improving the speed of operation of the semiconductor device. Therefore, the semiconductor device in accordance with one aspect of the present invention enables higher speed of operation.

Further, by reducing line resistance, power consumption of the semiconductor device can be reduced. As a result, a semiconductor device having such an interconnection structure that ensures superior electrical characteristics can be obtained.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the second and the first interconnection layers may be formed on different layers on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Here, as the first and second interconnection layers of mutually different line lengths are formed in different layers, the interconnection structure in the semiconductor device can be simplified as compared when the first and second interconnection layers of different line lengths are formed in one layer.

When the first and second interconnection layers are formed in different layers in this manner, an insulator in one layer can be formed by one material, even when the first and second insulators are to be formed by different materials. Therefore, it is possible to form the first and second insulators through the same process steps as in the conventional process for forming insulators. Therefore, the steps of manufacturing the semiconductor device are not complicated. As a result, the number of steps for manufacturing the semiconductor device is not increased, and therefore increase in cost in manufacturing the semiconductor device can be prevented.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the second interconnection layer may be formed in a layer upper than the layer in which the first interconnection layer is formed.

In this case, the first interconnection layer having relatively short line length is formed at a region closer to the elements on the semiconductor substrate. The second interconnection layer corresponding to the long distance interconnection for connecting circuit blocks is formed upper than the first interconnection layer, and therefore the interconnection path of the second interconnection layer can be miniaturized without much adverse influence of the arrangement of the first interconnection layer. Therefore, total line length can be reduced than when the first interconnection layer is formed upper than the second interconnection layer. As a result, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the second insulator may be positioned above and below the second interconnection layer.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the first interconnection layer may include aluminum, and the second interconnection layer may include copper.

Here, copper has lower electrical resistance than the conventional interconnection material of aluminum, and has longer electro migration life. Further, the material cost is lower and is superior as an interconnection material. As the second interconnection layer contains copper, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be ensured.

Further, as the first interconnection layer contains aluminum, the manufacturing apparatuses and processes for forming the conventional aluminum interconnection can be used directly, when the first interconnection layer is formed. Therefore, the semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention can be manufactured easily.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the second insulator may contain a silicon nitride film.

The silicon nitride film may be used as an etching stopper in the Damascene process for forming the second interconnection layer containing copper. Therefore, the second interconnection layer containing copper can be readily formed.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the first insulator may include a silicon oxide film.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, cross sectional area of the second interconnection layer may be the same or larger than the cross sectional area of the first interconnection layer.

Here, when the second interconnection layer corresponding to the long distance interconnection such as the line for connecting circuit blocks is adapted to have larger cross sectional area than the first interconnection layer, line resistance of the second interconnection layer can further be reduced. Therefore, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the first interconnection layer may include third and fourth interconnection layers, and the second interconnection layer may include fifth and sixth interconnection layers. The distance between the fifth and sixth interconnection layers may be the same or longer than the distance between the third and fourth interconnection layers.

Here, in the second interconnection layer corresponding to the long distance interconnection such as the line for connecting circuit blocks, the distance between interconnections may be made larger than in the first interconnection layer, and therefore parasitic resistance between lines in the second interconnection layer can surely be reduced. As a result, higher speed of operation of the semiconductor device can be attained.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described first aspect, the second interconnection layer may have one side surface and the other side surface positioned opposite to the one side surface, and barrier metal layers may be formed on one and the other side surfaces. Total film thickness BM of the barrier metal layer may be selected to satisfy the relation of BMmin/W≦BM/W≦1−(K/(K−1))×ΔW/W, where W represents set line width of the second interconnection layer in a direction approximately vertical to the one side surface, BM represents total film thickness of the barrier metal layer formed on the one and the other side surfaces, BMmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of the barrier metal layer and K represents tolerable rate of increase in resistance of the second interconnection layer when the set line width W is decreased by ΔW.

Here, line resistance R of a portion having the length l of a conductive line of uniform property with uniform cross sectional area S is given by the following equation (1), where ρ represents specific resistance.

When the thickness of the second interconnection layer is represented by T, resistance per unit length of the second interconnection layer is given by the following equation (2).

The resistance per unit length when the set line width W of the second interconnection layer is decreased by ΔW is represented by the following equation (3).

As the tolerable rate of increase of the resistance of the second interconnection layer when the set line width W is decreased by ΔW is given by K, the second interconnection layer must satisfy the relation represented by the expression (4). The expression can be transformed to expression (5).

As the minimum necessary film thickness of the barrier metal layer is BMmin, the total film thickness BM of the barrier metal layer must also satisfy the relation represented by the expression (6).

As a result, if the total film thickness BM of the barrier metal layer is determined to satisfy the relation of expression (7), it becomes possible for the barrier metal layer to exhibit its function and for the rate of increase in resistance of the second interconnection layer to be not higher than the tolerable ratio K. $$ R = L S × ρ ( 1 ) ρ ( W - BM ) × T ( 2 ) ρ ( W - Δ ⁢   ⁢ W - BM ) × T ( 3 ) ρ ( W - Δ ⁢   ⁢ W - BM ) × T ≦ K × ρ ( W - BM ) × T ( 4 ) BM W ≦ 1 - K K - 1 × Δ ⁢   ⁢ W W ( 5 ) BM ⁢ min W ≦ BM W ( 6 ) BM ⁢ min W ≦ BM W ≦ 1 - K K - 1 × Δ ⁢   ⁢ W W ( 7 )

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the second interconnection layer has a bottom surface on which a bottom barrier metal layer is formed. Film thickness BMT of the bottom barrier metal layer may be selected to satisfy the relation of BMmin/T≦BMT/T≦1−(KT/(KT−1))×ΔT/T, where T represents set film thickness of the second interconnection layer in a direction approximately vertical to the bottom surface, BMT represents film thickness of the bottom barrier metal layer, BMTmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of the bottom barrier metal layer and KT represents tolerable rate of increase in resistance of the second interconnection layer when the set film thickness T is decreased by ΔT.

In this case also, as in the method of determining the total film thickness BM of the barrier metal layer described above, in order for the rate of increase in resistance of the second interconnection layer to be not higher than the tolerable rate of increase KT when the set film thickness T of the second interconnection layer is decreased by ΔT, the film thickness BMT of the bottom barrier metal layer must be selected to satisfy the relation given by the expression (8). The expressions described above can be transformed to expression (9) below.

As the minimum necessary film thickness of the bottom barrier metal layer is BMTmin, the film thickness BMT of the bottom barrier metal layer must also satisfy the relation represented by the expression (10).

As a result, if the film thickness BMT of the barrier metal layer is determined to satisfy the relation (11), it is possible for the bottom barrier metal layer to exhibit necessary function and for the rate of increase in resistance of the second interconnection layer to be not higher than the tolerable rate of increase KT. $$ ρ ( W - BM ) × ( T - Δ ⁢   ⁢ T - BMT ) ≦ KT × ρ ( W - BM ) × ( T - BMT ) ( 8 ) BMT T ≦ 1 - KT KT - 1 × Δ ⁢   ⁢ T T ( 9 ) BMTmin W ≦ BMT T ( 10 ) BMTmin T ≦ BMT T ≦ 1 - KT KT - 1 × Δ ⁢   ⁢ T T ( 11 )

In a method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with another aspect of the present invention is to design a semiconductor device including a first interconnection layer having relatively short line length, a first insulator formed to surround the first interconnection layer, a second interconnection layer having longer line length than the first interconnection layer and a second insulator formed to surround the second interconnection layer, and the method includes the following steps. A first interconnection structure pattern including a plurality of interconnection layers having a prescribed distance between interconnection lines and containing a specified material, and an insulator formed to surround each of the plurality of interconnection layers and containing a specified material is prepared. A second interconnection structure pattern including a plurality of interconnection layers having approximately the same distance between interconnection lines as the distance between interconnection lines of the first interconnection structure pattern and containing a specific material, and an insulator formed to surround each of the plurality of interconnection layers and containing a specific material is prepared. In the first interconnection structure pattern, a first parasitic capacitance of each interconnection layer is calculated. In the second interconnection structure pattern, a second parasitic capacitance for each interconnection layer is calculated. The material of the interconnection layer of the first or second interconnection structure pattern having smaller one of the first and second parasitic capacitances is selected as a material to be contained in the first interconnection layer. A material of the insulator in the first or second interconnection structure pattern having smaller one of the first and second parasitic capacitances is selected as a material to be contained in the first insulator.

Accordingly, it is possible to provide a semiconductor circuit having smaller parasitic capacitance in the first interconnection layer of which reduction in parasitic capacitance is effective in improving speed of operation of the semiconductor device. As a result, higher speed of operation of the semiconductor device can readily be attained. Accordingly, a semiconductor device having an interconnection structure of superior electrical characteristics can be obtained.

The method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the above described another aspect may further includes the following steps. The first line resistance of each interconnection layer in the first interconnection structure pattern is calculated. The second line resistance of each interconnection layer of the second interconnection structure pattern is calculated. By multiplexing the first parasitic capacitance and the first line resistance, a first evaluation value is calculated for the first interconnection structure pattern. By multiplexing the second parasitic capacitance and the second line resistance in the second interconnection structure pattern, a second evaluation value is calculated. The material of the interconnection layer of the first or second interconnection structure patterns having smaller one of the first and second evaluation values is used as the material to be contained in the second interconnection layer. The material of the insulator in the first or second interconnection structure pattern having smaller one of the first and second evaluation value is selected as a material to be contained in the second insulator.

Here, a semiconductor circuit having a small evaluation value for the second interconnection layer can readily be obtained. Here, the second interconnection layer has longer line length than the first interconnection layer, and corresponds to the lines for connecting circuit blocks. In the second interconnection layer having relatively long line length, it is effective to improve speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device to reduce the evaluation value obtained by multiplexing the parasitic capacitance and the line resistance. Therefore, a semiconductor device adapted to improve speed of operation and to reduce power consumption can readily be obtained.

In the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the above described another aspect, the first and second interconnection structure patterns may be one selected from the group consisting of an interconnection structure pattern using aluminum as the material of the interconnection layer, an interconnection structure pattern using copper as the material of the interconnection layer, and an interconnection structure pattern using copper as the material of the interconnection layer with film thickness of the interconnection layer being determined to attain approximately the same line resistance as the interconnection layer of the interconnection structure pattern using aluminum as the material of the interconnection layer.

Here, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption can readily be attained in a semiconductor circuit using, as a material of the interconnection layer, aluminum or copper.

In the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the above described another aspect, the distance between interconnections may be approximately the same as the minimum processing dimension in the step of photolithography used in manufacturing a semiconductor device.

In the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the above described another aspect is utilized.

Therefore, even when miniaturized, a semiconductor device attaining higher speed of operation and lower power consumption can readily be obtained.

The semiconductor device in accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention includes an interconnection layer and a barrier metal layer. The interconnection layer has one side surface and the other side surface positioned opposite to the one side surface. The barrier metal layer is formed on the one side surface and the other side surface. Total film thickness BM of the barrier metal layer is selected to satisfy the relation of BMmin/W≦BM/W≦1−(K/(K−1))×ΔW/W, where W represents set line width of the interconnection layer in a direction approximately vertical to the one side surface, BM represents total film thickness of the barrier metal layer formed on the one side surface and the other side surface, BMmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of the barrier metal layer and K represents tolerable rate of increase in resistance of the interconnection layer when the set line width W is decreased by ΔW.

Therefore, as in the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the total film thickness BM of the barrier metal layer is selected to satisfy the above described relation, and therefore the function of the barrier metal layer is surely exhibited, and the ratio of increase in the line resistance can be made not higher than the tolerable ratio of increase K. Therefore, increase in line resistance to be higher than that tolerable ratio of increase K can surely be prevented. As a result, degradation of electrical characteristics such as lower speed of operation of the semiconductor device caused by the increased line resistance can surely be prevented.

In the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described still further aspect, the interconnection layer has a bottom surface on which a bottom barrier metal layer is formed. Total film thickness BMT of the bottom barrier metal layer may be selected to satisfy the relation of BMmin/T≦BMT/T≦1−(KT/(KT−1))×ΔT/T, where T represents set film thickness of the interconnection layer in a direction approximately vertical to the bottom surface, BMT represents film thickness of the bottom barrier metal layer, BMTmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of the bottom barrier metal layer and KT represents tolerable rate of increase in resistance of the interconnection layer when the set film thickness T is decreased by ΔT.

In this case, as in the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, the total film thickness BMT of the bottom barrier metal layer is selected to satisfy the above described relation. Therefore, the barrier metal layer surely exhibits its functions and the rate of increase in the resistance of interconnection layer can be made not higher than the tolerable rate of increase KT.

A CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) logic circuit device in accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate, a conductive region, a first interconnection layer, a first insulator, a second interconnection layer and a second insulator. The semiconductor substrate has a main surface. The conductive region is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. The first interconnection layer is electrically connected to the conductive region, has a relatively short line length and contains a material having relatively high electrical resistance. The first insulator is formed to surround the first interconnection layer and has relatively low dielectric constant. The second interconnection layer is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate, contains a material having lower electrical resistance than the material contained in the first interconnection layer, and has longer line length than the first interconnection layer. The second insulator is formed to surround the second interconnection layer and has higher dielectric constant than the first insulator.

Therefore, the CMOS logic circuit device in accordance with the still further aspect provides similar effects as provided by the semiconductor device in accordance with the above described one aspect, as the logic circuit device has similar structure as the semiconductor device.

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a semiconductor circuit studied by the inventors.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross section representing an example of an interconnection shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross section representing another example of the interconnection shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a graph representing relation between line length and ratio of inverter delay time in the circuit shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross section representing a first embodiment of the semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross section representing a modification of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view representing the first embodiment of the semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a process flow chart related to the second embodiment of a method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a process flow chart representing a modification of the second embodiment of the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the present invention.

FIGS. 10 to 12 are schematic cross sections representing first to third patterns of interconnection structures used in the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the present invention shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , respectively.

FIG. 13 is a graph representing an example of the result of calculation of parasitic capacitances in the first to third patterns of the interconnection structure shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 .

FIG. 14 is a graph showing another example of the result of calculation of parasitic capacitances in the first to third patterns of the interconnection structure shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 .

FIG. 15 is a graph representing a relation between interconnection film thickness and line resistance.

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross section of an AlCu interconnection which is the base of the data shown in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 17 is a schematic cross section of a Cu interconnection which is the base of the data shown in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 18 is a graph showing relation between interconnection film thickness and parasitic capacitance.

FIG. 19 is a schematic cross section representing a multi-layered interconnection structure of a semiconductor device related to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a schematic cross section showing another example of a multi-layered interconnection structure of a semiconductor device related to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following with reference to the figures.

First Embodiment

The inventors studied the relation between the speed of operation of a semiconductor device and interconnection structure and materials of the insulator and interconnection layers of the semiconductor device. More specifically, relation between inverter delay time and line length and interconnection material of such a circuit as shown in FIG. 1 has been studied by simulation.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the circuit studied by the inventors includes a plurality of inverter circuits 53 a and 53 b . Inverter circuits 53 a and 53 b are connected in series by an interconnection 55 . Inverter circuit 53 a includes a p type MOS transistor 54 a and an n type MOS transistor 56 a . Inverter circuit 53 b includes a p type MOS transistor 54 b and an n type MOS transistor 56 b.

The interconnection structure of the semiconductor circuit studied by the inventors will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , one of the interconnection structures studied by the inventors includes interconnections 45 a and 45 b of aluminum formed surrounded by an interlayer insulating film 46 of fluorine added silicon oxide film (SiOF). Interconnections 45 a and 45 b have film thickness T 1 of 0.53 μm. Interconnections 45 a and 45 b have line width W 1 of 0.3 μm. Distance S 1 between the interconnections is 0.3 μm. Interlayer insulating film 46 has specific dielectric constant of about 3.5.

The interconnection formed of aluminum having such a cross sectional shape was used as the interconnection 55 of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 , and inverter delay time of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 was measured with the line length of interconnection 55 varied. The result is as shown in FIG. 4 .

The inventors also studied an interconnection using copper as the interconnection material. FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional structure of the interconnection using copper.

Referring to FIG. 3 , interconnections 48 a and 48 b of copper are formed to be surrounded by an interlayer insulating film 46 formed of SiOF. It is noted that above and below interconnections 48 a and 48 b , silicon nitride films 57 a and 57 b serving as an etching stopper in Damascene process for forming the copper interconnections 48 a and 48 b are formed. Film thickness T 2 , line width W 2 and distance S 2 between interconnections of interconnections 48 a and 48 b are the same as film thickness T 1 , line width W 1 and distance S 1 of the interconnections 45 a and 45 b in the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 2 , respectively. Film thickness T 3 of silicon nitride films 57 a and 57 b is 50 nm.

The interconnection formed of copper having such cross sectional shape was used as the interconnection 55 of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 , and inverter delay time in the circuit shown in FIG. 1 was measured in the similar manner with the line length of interconnection 55 varied. The result is as shown in FIG. 4 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , the abscissa represents line length of interconnection 55 (see FIG. 1 ), and the ordinate represents the ratio of inverter delay time (tpd) when the aluminum interconnection and the copper interconnection of the same line length were used.

Referring to FIG. 4 , up to the line length of about 3 mm, the interconnection formed of aluminum has shorter inverter delay time than the interconnection of copper.

Here, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , as to line resistance, line resistance of copper interconnections 48 a and 48 b is smaller than the line resistance of aluminum interconnections 45 a and 45 b . As to the insulator formed to surround interconnections 45 a , 45 b , 48 a and 48 b , in the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 2 , only the interlayer insulating film 46 is formed around interconnections 45 a and 45 b . In the interconnection structure in FIG. 3 , interlayer insulating film 46 and silicon nitride films 57 a , 57 b are formed around interconnections 48 a and 48 b . Silicon nitride films 57 a and 57 b have specific dielectric constant of about 7 to about 9, which is higher than that of SiOF or silicon oxide film, used as the interlayer insulating film 46 . Therefore, in the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 3 , the overall specific dielectric constant of the insulator formed around interconnections 48 a and 48 b is higher than the specific dielectric constant of the insulator in the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 2 . As a result, in the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 3 , parasitic capacitance of interconnections 48 a and 48 b is larger than the parasitic capacitance of interconnections 45 a and 45 b in the interconnection structure of FIG. 2 .

As can be seen from FIG. 4 , for a short interconnection having the line length of shorter than 3.0 mm, inverter delay time is smaller when aluminum interconnections 45 a , 45 b such as shown in FIG. 2 are used, than when copper interconnection is used. This represents that for a short interconnection, reduction in parasitic capacitance of the interconnection is more effective in reducing inverter delay time, that is, in improving speed of operation of the semiconductor device.

On the other hand, for a long interconnection having the line length of 3.0 mm or longer, inverter delay time is shorter when copper interconnections 48 a , 48 b shown in FIG. 3 are used. This means that for a long interconnection, influence of line resistance on the inverter delay time is increased. More specifically, reduction in evaluation value obtained by multiplying parasitic capacitance by line resistance of the interconnection (hereinafter referred to as RC value) is more effective in reducing inverter delay time, that is, in improving speed of operation of the semiconductor device.

Here, interconnections 45 a and 45 b containing aluminum such as shown in FIG. 2 has specific resistance of about 3 μΩcm, and interconnections 48 a and 48 b containing copper such as shown in FIG. 3 has specific resistance of about 2 μΩcm.

A semiconductor device manufactured in view of the findings described above is depicted in FIG. 5 . The semiconductor device will be described with reference to FIG. 5 .

Referring to FIG. 5 , an isolating insulating film 2 is formed to surround a conductive region on the main surface of a semiconductor substrate 1 . On the conductive region on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 , source/drain regions 3 a to 3 d are formed to be adjacent to channel regions. On regions positioned above channel regions on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 1 , gate electrodes 5 a and 5 b are formed with gate insulating films 4 a and 4 b interposed. On sidewalls of gate electrodes 5 a and 5 b , sidewall films 6 a to 6 d are formed. On gate electrodes 5 a and 5 b , sidewall films 6 a to 6 d and source/drain regions 3 a to 3 d , a first interlayer insulating film 7 is formed.

At regions positioned above source/drain regions 3 a to 3 d , contact holes 8 a to 8 d are formed by partially removing interlayer insulating film 7 . In contact holes 8 a to 8 d , tungsten plugs 9 a to 9 d are formed. On tungsten plugs 9 a to 9 d , interconnections (AlCu interconnections) 10 a to 10 d formed of a material containing aluminum-copper alloy as a main component are formed as a first metal layer. On AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 d and first interlayer insulating film 7 , a second interlayer insulating film 11 is formed.

At regions positioned above AlCu interconnections 10 b and 10 d , contact holes 12 a and 12 b are formed by partially removing interlayer insulating film 11 . In contact holes 12 a and 12 b , tungsten plugs 13 a and 13 b are formed. On tungsten plugs 13 a and 13 b , AlCu interconnections 15 a , 15 c as a second metal layer are formed to be electrically connected to tungsten plugs 13 a and 13 b . At a region positioned above AlCu interconnections 10 c , an AlCu interconnection 10 b as the second metal layer is formed on an upper surface of interlayer insulating film 11 .

On AlCu interconnections 15 a to 15 c and the second interlayer insulating film 11 , a third interlayer insulating film 14 is formed. At regions positioned above AlCu interconnections 15 a and 15 c , contact holes 16 a and 16 b are formed by partially removing interlayer insulating film 14 . In contact holes 16 a and 16 b , tungsten plugs 17 a and 17 b are formed. On tungsten plugs 17 a and 17 b , AlCu interconnections 19 b and 19 d as a third metal layer are formed. On an upper surface of the third interlayer insulating film 14 , AlCu interconnections 19 a and 19 c are formed as the third metal layer. On AlCu interconnections 19 a to 19 d and the third interlayer insulating film 14 , a fourth interlayer insulating film 18 is formed.

At regions positioned above AlCu interconnections 19 b and 19 d , contact holes 20 a and 20 b are formed by partially removing interlayer insulating film 18 . In contact holes 20 a and 20 b , tungsten plugs 21 a and 21 b are formed. On tungsten plugs 21 a and 21 b , AlCu interconnections 23 a , 23 b as a fourth metal layer are formed. On the fourth interlayer insulating film 18 and AlCu interconnections 23 a , 23 b , a fifth interlayer insulating film 22 is formed.

On the fifth interlayer insulating film 22 , a silicon nitride film 24 is formed. On silicon nitride film 24 , a sixth interlayer insulating film 25 is formed. By partially removing interlayer insulating film 25 , trenches 26 a to 26 c are formed. In trenches 26 a to 26 c , barrier metals 27 a to 27 c are formed. On barrier metals 27 a to 27 c , interconnections formed of a material mainly containing copper as the fifth metal layer (Cu interconnections) 28 a to 28 c are formed to fill trenches 26 a to 26 c.

On interlayer insulating film 25 and Cu interconnections 28 a to 28 c , a silicon nitride film 29 is formed. On silicon nitride film 29 , a seventh interlayer insulating film 30 is formed. On interlayer insulating film 30 , a silicon nitride film 31 is formed. On silicon nitride film 31 , an eighth interlayer insulating film 32 is formed. By removing interlayer insulating films 30 and 32 by dual Damascene process, trenches 33 a to 33 c are formed. In trenches 33 a to 33 c , barrier metals 34 a to 34 c are formed. On barrier metals 34 a to 34 c , Cu interconnections 35 a to 35 c as a sixth metal layer are formed to fill trenches 33 a to 33 c . On interlayer insulating film 32 and Cu interconnections 35 a to 35 c , a silicon nitride film 36 is formed. On silicon nitride film 36 , a passivation film 37 is formed.

AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 d , 15 a to 15 c , 19 a to 19 d , 23 a and 23 b as the first to fourth metal layers are short interconnections having relatively short line lengths used for connecting elements in a circuit block, for example. In place of the interconnection formed of a material containing an aluminum-copper alloy as a main component (AlCu interconnection), an interconnection formed of a material containing aluminum as a main component (Al interconnection) may be used.

Cu interconnections 28 a to 28 c and 35 a to 35 c as the fifth and sixth metal layers are long interconnections having relatively long line lengths used for connecting circuit blocks, for example. Line resistance of AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 d , 15 a to 15 c , 19 a to 19 d , 23 a and 23 b (hereinafter referred to as lower layer interconnections) is larger than that of Cu interconnections 28 a to 28 c and 35 a to 35 c (hereinafter referred to as upper layer interconnections).

Interlayer insulating films 7 , 11 , 14 , 18 and 22 which are insulators formed around the lower layer interconnections are of silicon oxide film or silicon oxide film with fluorine added (SiOF). The insulator formed around the upper layer interconnections include interlayer insulating films 25 and 30 formed of silicon oxide film or fluorine added silicon oxide film (SiOF) and silicon nitride films 24 , 29 , 31 and 36 . Silicon nitride films 24 , 29 , 31 and 36 have higher specific dielectric constant than silicon oxide film or SiOF.

As a result, the specific dielectric constant of the insulators as a whole formed around the upper layer interconnections is higher than the specific dielectric constant of the insulators formed around the lower layer interconnections. Interlayer insulating films 7 , 11 , 14 , 18 , 22 , 25 , 30 and 32 may be formed of a silicon oxide film.

As can be seen from FIG. 5 , when the line distance and cross sectional area of lines in the upper layer interconnections and lower layer interconnections are approximately the same, parasitic capacitance of the lower layer interconnections can be made smaller than that of the upper layer interconnections, as the specific dielectric constant of the insulators around the lower layer interconnections is lower than the specific dielectric constant of the insulators formed around the upper layer interconnections. Here, in the lower layer interconnections which are short lines, reduction in parasitic capacitance of the interconnections is especially effective in improving the speed of operation of the semiconductor device. As a result, in the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 , signal delay in the lower layer interconnections, which are short lines, can effectively be prevented, and hence speed of operation of the semiconductor device can be improved.

In the upper layer interconnections which are long lines, reduction in the evaluation value (RC value) obtained by multiplying the parasitic capacitance of the interconnections by the line resistance is more effective in improving the speed of signal transmission over the interconnections. In the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 , as Cu interconnections are used as the upper layer interconnections, line resistance of the upper layer interconnections can be made smaller than that of the lower layer interconnections. As a result, higher speed of operation of the semiconductor device is effectively attained.

Further, as the line resistance of the upper layer interconnections can be made smaller, power consumption of the semiconductor device can be reduced.

As a result, a semiconductor device having an interconnection structure of superior electrical characteristics is obtained.

Further, as long lines and short lines are formed separately in different layers, circuit design of the semiconductor device can be simplified.

Further, as long lines and short lines are formed separately on semiconductor substrate, interconnection structure of the semiconductor device can be made simple as compared when long and short lines are formed mixedly.

Further, as the long lines and short lines are formed in different layers, materials of the interconnections and of insulators within one layer can be made uniform. Therefore, even when the materials of the interconnections and of the insulators are to be changed between the long lines and the short lines, the steps of manufacturing the semiconductor is not complicated. Therefore, increase in manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device can be prevented.

Further, as can be seen from FIG. 5 , as short lines are formed in a layer closer to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate and long lines are formed in a layer positioned upper than the short lines, it is unnecessary to detour positions where short lines are formed, when interconnection path of the long lines is determined. This simplifies interconnection path of the long lines, and hence enables reduction in line length. As a result, the overall line length can be reduced. This prevents signal delay caused by long line length. Therefore, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

Further, as the AlCu interconnections and Al interconnections which have been conventionally used are employed as the lower layer interconnections, the manufacturing apparatuses and know-how of manufacturing the conventional semiconductor devices can be utilized. As a result, cost for new investment and research and development can be reduced. As a result, the cost of manufacturing the semiconductor device can be reduced and semiconductor devices can be manufactured readily.

Further, as the Cu interconnections having lower electrical resistance than the conventional aluminum are used as the upper layer interconnections, signal delay in the interconnections can further be suppressed, and higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

Silicon nitride films 24 , 29 , 31 and 36 formed around the upper layer interconnections are utilized as etching stopper in Damascene process when Cu interconnection 28 a to 28 c and 35 a to 35 c are formed.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the semiconductor device is a CMOS logic circuit device and basically, the structure is similar to that of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 . In the semiconductor device of FIG. 6 , however, four field effect transistors including source/drain regions 3 a to 3 h , gate insulating film 4 a to 4 d and gate electrodes 5 a to 5 d , respectively are formed in the conductive region surrounded by the isolating insulating film 2 on the main surface of semiconductor substrate 1 .

On the first interlayer insulating film 7 , AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 g as the first metal layer are formed. AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 g are electrically connected to source/drain regions 3 a to 3 h through tungsten plugs 9 a to 9 h formed in contact holes 8 a to 8 h . On the second interlayer insulating film 11 , AlCu interconnections 15 a to 15 c as the second metal layer are formed. AlCu interconnections 15 a to 15 c are electrically connected to AlCu interconnections 10 b , 10 d and 10 f through tungsten plugs 13 a to 13 c formed in contact holes 12 a to 12 c , respectively.

On the third interconnection insulating film 14 , AlCu interconnections 19 a to 19 g as the third metal layer are formed. AlCu interconnections 19 b , 19 d and 19 f are electrically connected to AlCu interconnections 15 a to 15 c through tungsten plugs 17 a to 17 c formed in contact holes 16 a to 16 c , respectively. On the fourth interlayer insulating film 18 , AlCu interconnections 23 a to 23 c as the fourth metal layer are formed. AlCu interconnections 23 a to 23 c are electrically connected to AlCu interconnections 19 b , 19 d and 19 f through tungsten plugs 21 a to 21 c formed in contact holes 20 a to 20 c , respectively.

The structure on silicon nitride film 24 is approximately the same as that of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 , except that Cu interconnections 28 a to 28 c and 35 a to 35 c have wider line width and thicker film thickness than AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 g , 15 a to 15 c , 19 a to 19 g and 23 a to 23 c as the lower layer interconnections. Further, distance between lines of Cu interconnections 28 a to 28 c and 35 a to 35 c as the upper layer interconnections is larger than the distance between lines in the lower layer interconnections.

The semiconductor device having such a structure provides similar effects as the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 . Further, as the cross sectional area of the upper layer interconnections is made larger than the cross sectional area of the lower layer interconnections, line resistance of the upper layer interconnections can further be decreased. As a result, the RC value of the upper layer interconnections can further be reduced, and hence, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

In the lower layer interconnections, cross sectional area of the short lines (lower layer interconnections) is made small. More specifically, film thickness of short lines is reduced, so as to suppress increase in parasitic capacitance of interconnections even when the distance between interconnections is reduced. When the cross sectional area of the interconnections is reduced, line resistance increases. However, for a short line, reduction in parasitic capacitance of the interconnection is more effective in improving the speed of operation of the semiconductor device. Therefore, in the semiconductor device such as shown in FIG. 6 , higher speed of operation of the semiconductor device can be realized as a result. Even when line resistance is increased as the cross sectional area of the line is reduced, increase in line resistance caused by relative reduction in cross sectional area of the line does not present a significant problem, as the ON resistance of the transistor constituting the semiconductor circuit is relatively large, i.e., about several kilo ohms.

Further, as can be seen from FIG. 6 , by enlarging the distance between lines in the upper layer interconnections to be larger than the distance between lines in the lower layer interconnections, parasitic capacitance of the lines in the upper layer interconnections can further be reduced. As a result, the RC value of the upper layer interconnections can further be reduced, and therefore higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can be attained.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the semiconductor device includes an external connection region 38 , an interconnection region 39 , circuit block regions 40 a to 40 d and a clock generating region 41 . Interblock interconnections 43 a to 43 c for connecting circuit block regions 40 a to 40 d with each other and a clock interconnection 42 for connecting clock generating region 41 to circuit block regions 40 a to 40 d are formed. The interblock interconnections 43 a to 43 c and clock interconnection 42 are both long lines, which correspond to Cu interconnections 28 a to 28 c and 35 a to 35 c shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 .

In circuit block regions 40 b to 40 c , intrablock interconnections 44 a to 44 c for connecting elements formed in the circuit block regions are formed. The intrablock interconnections 44 a to 44 c are short lines having relatively short line length, and correspond to AlCu interconnections 10 a to 10 g , 15 a to 15 c , 19 a to 19 g and 23 a to 23 c shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 .

Second Embodiment

Referring to FIG. 8 , the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the present invention will be described.

Referring to FIG. 8 , first, a plurality of different interconnection structures are prepared. Thereafter, a step (S 1 ) of calculating total parasitic capacitance (Ctot) of each of the plurality of different interconnection structures is performed. Thereafter, a step (S 2 ) of confirming total parasitic capacitances of respective interconnection structures and selecting, as a material of short interconnection structure, the material used for that interconnection structure which has the minimum total parasitic capacitance is performed.

Here, as described in the first embodiment of the present invention, for a short line having relatively short line length, reduction in total parasitic capacitance is especially effective in improving speed of operation of the semiconductor device. Therefore, by the method of designing a semiconductor circuit such as shown in FIG. 8 , the speed of operation of the semiconductor device can readily be improved.

Referring to FIG. 9 , first, a plurality of different interconnection structures are prepared. Thereafter, a step (S 1 ) for calculating total parasitic capacitance (Ctot) and line resistance (R) of each of the plurality of different interconnection structures is performed.

Thereafter, a step (S 2 ) for confirming product (RCtot: evaluation value) of the total parasitic capacitance (Ctot) and the line resistance (R) of the plurality of different interconnection structures, and selecting, as a material of a long line, the material used for that interconnection structure which has the minimum product (RCtot) is performed.

Here, as described in the first embodiment of the present invention, for a long line having relatively long line length, reduction in the product (RCtot) of the total parasitic capacitance and the line resistance is especially effective in improving the speed of operation and reducing power consumption of the semiconductor device. Therefore, when the method of designing a semiconductor circuit shown in FIG. 9 is used, higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device can readily be attained.

The interconnection structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 .

Referring to FIG. 10 , on an interlayer insulating film 46 a formed of SiOF, an Al interconnection 45 a is formed. On Al interconnection 45 a , Al interconnections 45 b to 45 d are formed with an interlayer insulating film 46 b of SiOF interposed. Al interconnections 45 b to 45 a are formed to extend in a direction approximately vertical to the direction of extension of Al interconnection 45 a . On Al interconnections 45 b to 45 d , an Al interconnection 45 e is formed with an interlayer insulating film 46 b interposed. Al interconnection 45 e is formed to extend in a direction approximately parallel to the direction of extension of Al interconnection 45 a . On Al interconnection 45 e , an interlayer insulating film 46 c of SiOF is formed.

Here, Al interconnections 45 a to 45 e each have the same film thickness T 1 and same line width W 1 . Al interconnections 45 b to 45 d are formed spaced by a line space S. Al interconnections 45 a to 45 e are formed spaced in the direction of its thickness, by a space TI 1 .

Here, the total parasitic capacitance Ctot of Al interconnection 45 c is represented as a sum of parasitic capacitance (2Cc) with Al interconnections 45 b and 45 d adjacent in the horizontal direction, parasitic capacitance (Ctop) with Al interconnection 45 e , and parasitic capacitance (Cbot) with Al interconnection 45 a.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the interconnection structure basically has the same structure of the first pattern of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 10 . In the interconnection structure of FIG. 11 , however, copper is used as the material of the interconnections and therefore, in place of Al interconnections, Cu interconnections 48 a to 48 e are formed. Further, as Damascene process is used for forming Cu interconnections, silicon nitride films 47 a to 47 f used as the etching stopper in Damascene method are formed above and below Cu interconnections 48 a to 48 e . In the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 11 , film thickness T 1 , line width W 1 , line space S and space TI 1 in the thickness direction of the interconnections of Cu interconnections 48 a to 48 e are all the same as those of the first pattern of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 10 . The material of interlayer insulating films 46 a to 46 e are the same as those for the interlayer insulating films 46 a to 46 c of the first pattern of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 10 .

Referring to FIG. 12 , the interconnection structure is basically the same as the second pattern of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 11 . Film thickness T 2 of Cu interconnections 49 a to 49 e is, however, determined to be smaller than the film thickness T 1 of Cu interconnections 48 a to 48 e of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 11 . This is because the film thickness T 2 of Cu interconnections 49 a to 49 e is determined such that Cu interconnections 49 a to 49 e have approximately the same line resistance as the line resistance of Al interconnections 45 a to 45 e in the first pattern of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 10 . The materials of interlayer insulating films 46 a to 46 e are the same as those of interlayer insulating films 46 a to 46 e of the second pattern of the interconnection structure shown in FIG. 11 .

Parasitic capacitances of the first to third patterns shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 are calculated. FIG. 13 shows examples of calculated results.

Referring to FIG. 13 , the abscissa represents film thickness of the silicon nitride film in the interconnection structure, and the ordinate represents parasitic capacitance. Basic conditions for the results of calculation shown in FIG. 13 are as follows. Line width W 1 : 0.3 μm, line space S: 0.3 μm, specific dielectric constant of interlayer insulating film: 3.5, film thickness T 1 of lines: 0.530 μm, and film thickness T 2 : 0.397 μm. The black portions of the bar graph represent parasitic capacitance (Cc) between lines in the horizontal direction, and white portions represent parasitic capacitances (Ctop, Cbot) in the vertical direction.

Here, line space S is as small as 0.3 μm, because short line is considered here. As can be seen from FIG. 13 , under the above described conditions, the parasitic capacitance is the smallest when the Al interconnection of the first pattern is used.

Here, the line space S may be selected to be approximately the same as minimum dimension in the step of photolithography used in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor circuit. In that case, an example where the parasitic capacitance may possibly be the largest can be verified, and therefore optimal interconnection structure can be selected.

In this manner, it is understood that the parasitic capacitance can best be reduced when the material of the interconnections and the material of the interlayer insulating films used in the first pattern shown in FIG. 10 are used, for short lines. As a result, higher speed of operation of the semiconductor device can be attained.

The line space TI 1 in the thickness direction is selected to be the same as film thickness T 1 .

Referring to FIG. 14 , the conditions of calculation here are as follows. Line width W 1 : 0.7 μm, line space S: 0.7 μm, specific dielectric constant of interlayer insulating film: 3.5, film thickness T 1 of the interconnection: 1.330 μm, T 2 : 0.910 μm. Manner of representation of the graph and so on are basically the same as those of FIG. 13 .

Referring to FIG. 14 , line space S and line width W 1 here have relatively large values of 0.7 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively, assuming a long line. It can be understood that in such a case, parasitic capacitance is smaller when the third pattern is used, where thickness of silicon nitride film is 50 nm, rather than the first pattern using Al interconnection.

In this manner, when a semiconductor device is manufactured using the method of designing a semiconductor circuit in accordance with the present invention using the first to third patterns of the interconnection structures such as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 , higher speed of operation and lower power consumption of the semiconductor device in which aluminum or copper is used as the material for interconnections can readily be attained.

Third Embodiment

FIGS. 16 and 17 show cross sectional structures of the AlCu interconnection and Cu interconnection which are the base of the data shown in FIG. 15 .

Referring to FIG. 16 , barrier metals 51 a and 51 b are formed on the upper surface and bottom surface of AlCu interconnection 50 . Total film thickness of AlCu interconnection 50 and barrier metals 51 a and 51 b are considered the interconnection film thickness T, as shown in FIG. 16 . AlCu interconnection has the line width W.

Referring to FIG. 17 , on side surfaces and bottom surface of Cu interconnection 52 , barrier metal 51 c is formed. The interconnection film thickness T represents the total film thickness of Cu interconnection 52 and barrier metal 51 c . Line width W represents the total line width of Cu interconnection 52 and barrier metal 51 c.

In the data shown in FIG. 15 , line width W is a constant value of 0.3 μm.

The basic conditions for the data of FIG. 18 are as follows. Line width W: 0.3 μm, line space S: 0.3 μm and specific dielectric constant of interlayer insulating film: 0.35.

Referring to FIG. 15 , it is understood that when the interlayer film thickness T reduces, line resistance increases abruptly. One reason for this is that line resistance increases in proportion to reduction in cross sectional area of the interconnection. This is not the only cause, however, and there is the influence of barrier metals 51 a to 51 c (see FIGS. 16 and 17 ) having relatively high resistance than the materials of the interconnection. More specifically, barrier metals 51 a to 51 c represented by TiN, for example, serve to prevent diffusion of the interconnection material into the interlayer insulating film, and serve as an adhesion layer improving adhesiveness between materials. To ensure such functions, barrier metals 51 a to 51 c have lower limit thickness to which the thickness of the barrier metals can be reduced. Even when interconnection film thickness T is reduced, barrier metals 51 a to 51 c cannot have their film thicknesses made smaller than the lower limit. Therefore, the smaller the interconnection film thickness T, the larger the ratio of the thickness occupied by the barrier metal, which is a high resistance layer, with respect to the interconnection film thickness T. As a result, the smaller the interconnection film thickness T, the larger the line resistance becomes abruptly as a result, as shown in FIG. 15 .

Conventionally, in the process of determining the thickness of barrier metals 51 a to 51 c , relation with the line resistance has not been considered.

Accordingly, referring to FIG. 17 , the inventors determined the total film thickness x of barrier metal 51 c in the direction of the line widths, to satisfy the relation of expression (12), where x represents total film thickness of barrier metal 51 c in the direction of the line width, xmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of barrier metal 51 c and K represents tolerable ratio of increase in resistance of the interconnection layer when line width W is reduced by ΔW.

More specifically, the minimum value of the line width is considered as line width W. When the data that minimum value of line width W is 0.3 μm, minimum necessary film thickness xmin of barrier metal 51 c is 20 nm, ΔW is 0.015 μm (5% of the minimum value of line width W) and resistance has tolerable increase ratio of K of 1.1 are used, the total film thickness x of barrier metal 51 c has to be within the range of 20 nm to 135 nm. At this time, the total film thickness of barrier metal 51 c can be made to 100 nm (assuming that thickness x/2 of barrier metal 51 c is 50 nm).

Similarly, film thickness y in the direction of film thickness T of barrier metal 51 c is determined to satisfy the relation represented by the expression (13) where ymin represents the minimum necessary thickness of barrier metal 51 c and K represents tolerable ratio of increase in line resistance when film thickness T of Cu is reduced by ΔT.

For example, when minimum necessary film thickness ymin is 20 nm, set film thickness T is 0.55 μm, ΔT is 0.0275 μm (5% of set film thickness T) and tolerable ratio of increase K is 1.1, thickness y of barrier metal 51 c may be at least 20 nm and at most 247.5 nm. Therefore, the value of 50 nm may be used as the thickness y of barrier metal 51 c . $$ xmin W ≦ x W ≦ 1 - K K - 1 × Δ ⁢   ⁢ W W ( 12 ) ymin T ≦ y T ≦ 1 - K K - 1 × Δ ⁢   ⁢ T T ( 13 )

In this manner, it is possible to ensure the function of the barrier metal and, even when the thickness and line width of interconnection layers may vary because of variation in manufacturing, the ratio of fluctuation of the line resistance of the interconnection layers can surely be kept in the range of the designed value. Therefore, degradation in electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device can be prevented.

The structure of barrier metal 51 c shown in the third embodiment may be applied to the first embodiment of the present invention to provide similar effects.

Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A semiconductor device, comprising:a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a conductive region formed on the main surface of said semiconductor substrate; a first interconnection layer electrically connected to said conductive region, having relatively short line length and containing a material having relatively high electrical resistance; a first insulator formed to surround said first interconnection layer and having relatively low dielectric constant; a second interconnection layer formed on the main surface of said semiconductor substrate, containing a material having electrical resistance lower than the material contained in said first interconnection layer and having longer line length than said first interconnection layer; and a second insulator formed to surround said second interconnection layer and having dielectric constant higher than said first insulator.

2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said second interconnection layer and said first interconnection layer are formed in different layers on the main surface of said semiconductor substrate.

3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein said second interconnection layer is formed in a layer positioned above the layer in which said first interconnection layer is formed.

4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said second insulator is positioned above and below said second interconnection layer.

5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, whereinsaid first interconnection layer contains aluminum, and said second interconnection layer contains copper.

6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein said second insulator includes a silicon nitride film.

7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein said first insulator includes a silicon oxide film.

8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said first insulator includes a silicon oxide film.

9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein cross sectional area of said second interconnection layer is larger than cross sectional area of said first interconnection layer.

10. The semiconductor device according to claim 9, whereinsaid first interconnection layer includes third and fourth interconnection layers, said second interconnection layer includes fifth and sixth interconnection layers, and distance between said fifth and sixth interconnection layers is larger than distance between said third and fourth interconnection layers.

11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, whereinsaid first interconnection layer includes third and fourth interconnection layers, said second interconnection layer includes fifth and sixth interconnection layers, and distance between said fifth and sixth interconnection layers is larger than distance between said third and fourth interconnection layers.

12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, whereinsaid second interconnection layer has one side surface and the other side surface positioned opposite to said one side surface; a barrier metal layer is formed on said one side surface and said the other side surface; and total film thickness BM of said barrier metal layer is selected to satisfy the relation of BMmin/W≦BM/W≦1−(K/(K−1))×ΔW/W where W represents set line width of said second interconnection layer in a direction approximately vertical to said one side surface, BM represents total film thickness of said barrier metal layer formed on said one side surface and said the other side surface, BMmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of said barrier metal layer, and K represents tolerable ratio of increase in resistance of said second interconnection layer when said set line width W is reduced by ΔW.

13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, whereinsaid second interconnection layer has a bottom surface; a bottom barrier metal layer is formed on said bottom surface; and film thickness BMT of said bottom barrier metal layer is selected to satisfy the relation of BMTmin/T≦BMT/T≦1−(KT/(KT−1))×ΔT/T where T represents set film thickness of said second interconnection layer in a direction approximately vertical to said bottom surface, BMT represents film thickness of said bottom barrier metal layer, BMTmin represents minimum necessary film thickness of said bottom barrier metal layer, and KT represents tolerable ratio of increase in resistance of said second interconnection layer when said set film thickness T is reduced by ΔT.