Semiconductor device, such as a synchronous DRAM, including a control circuit for reducing power consumption

Abstract

A semiconductor device comprising a plurality of memory banks and a plurality of power supply circuits corresponding to the memory banks. Each of the memory banks is independently activated by an activating command. Given an externally supplied voltage, each of the power supply circuits outputs a predetermined internal supply voltage. Each power supply circuit has its output connected to the corresponding memory bank. In response to a command for activating one of the memory banks, the corresponding power supply circuit is activated while the remaining power supply circuits is deactivated.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to power supply circuits of a semiconductor memory and, more specifically, to a control method for achieving low power dissipation.

In this specification, reference will be made to the following publications: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 105682/1995 (called the Cited Reference 1; corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,588), and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 161481/1997 (called the Cited Reference 2).

Semiconductor memories extensively utilize what is known as an on-chip voltage limiter method (i.e., power-down method) whereby the semiconductor chip lowers an externally supplied voltage to generate an internal voltage for use as a power supply. The method is used to reduce power dissipation of circuits or to improve reliability of fine elements in the device. In achieving such objects, voltage limiter circuits (power-down circuits) are utilized to generate the internal supply voltage.

A voltage limiter circuit consumes a steady current so as to maintain an output voltage level even when the semiconductor memory is in standby mode. As a way to reduce power dissipation in the standby state, the Cited Reference 1 proposes a total of eight voltage limiter circuits, i.e., two limiter circuits furnished to each of four memory cell arrays; and a single, common voltage limiter circuit that is common to all memory cell arrays ( FIG. 3 in the Cited Reference 1). The common voltage limiter circuit is constantly in operation. The eight voltage limiter circuits start operating simultaneously when the memory is accessed, and four of the circuits are allowed to remain active upon elapse of a predetermined period of time following the start of the access.

The Cited Reference 2 discloses a first and a second voltage limiters furnished corresponding to a first and a second banks, along with a description of operation timings of the limiters. When the first bank is ordered to be activated, the first voltage limiter generates an internal voltage. If the second bank is ordered to be activated while the first bank is still being active, the second voltage limiter also generates an internal voltage in cooperation with the first voltage limiter ( FIG. 12 of the Cited Reference 2).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Before submitting this application, the inventors of the present invention studied the power dissipation of SDRAMs (synchronous dynamic random access memories) inactive standby mode. The active standby mode of the SDRAM is a mode in which a memory bank is left active to retain one-word data in sense amplifiers in preparation for memory access, with a read or a write command yet to be issued. Whereas it takes a relatively long time to read data from dynamic memory cells, the data, once placed in sense amplifiers, may be read at high speed because the data thus retained are handled as if they were in a column of an SRAM (static random access memory).

Active standby mode is entered when a bank active command is applied. The application of the bank active command selects a word line and operates sense amplifiers, thus causing a large current to flow. Then with no further command issued, no power dissipation should occur in theory. In practice, where a voltage limiter circuit is included, a current flows to that circuit. If both a standby and an operating voltage limiter circuits operate, they dissipate a fairly large current (generally of several to tens of mA). In particular, many synchronous DRAMs are arranged to leave their banks active to take advantage of the high-speed data transmission feature. This means that an active standby current can have a significant effect on the power dissipation of the system as a whole.

In the constitution of the Cited Reference 1, bank-related operations specific to SDRAMs are not considered. No technique is disclosed in connection with controlling the driving capability of voltage limiters in units of a plurality of memory arrays, memory blocks or banks. The inventors of this invention found that if the techniques of the Cited Reference 1 were applied to SDRAMS, as many as eight voltage limiter circuits (nine if a common voltage limiter circuit is included) would operate simultaneously in the initial stage of an active period, causing an excessively large operation current to flow at peak time. With the initial stage ended and with the active period still in effect, four voltage limiter circuits (five if the common voltage limiter circuit is included) would be in operation. This, the inventors found, will give rise to an unnecessarily high level of power dissipation during the active period.

The Cited Reference 2 does not take the active standby mode of SDRAMs into consideration. The inventors of this invention found that successively activating a plurality of memory banks in the SDRAM would cause a growing number of the corresponding voltage limiter circuits to become active; putting a plurality of memory banks in active standby mode would unnecessarily add up operation currents of the corresponding limiter circuits. The increase of such operation currents can become a serious problem if a large number of banks are involved.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the above-described drawbacks and disadvantages and to provide a semiconductor device comprising: a first and a second memory banks activated by a first and a second commands (a first and a second control signals) respectively; power supply line for supplying a predetermined voltage to the first and the second memory banks; and a first and a second power supply circuits (a first and a second voltage generating circuits) having respective output nodes connected to the power supply line, the first and the second power supply circuits generating the predetermined voltage; wherein the first power supply circuit starts generating the predetermined voltage in response to the first command; and wherein, upon input of the second command with the first memory bank left active, the first power supply circuit stops generating the predetermined voltage in response to the second command while the second power supply circuit starts generating the predetermined voltage in response to the second command.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon a reading of the following description and appended drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as a first embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a bank as part of the synchronous DRAM in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of part of the bank in FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of power supply circuits in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a voltage limiter control circuit CTL 0 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 6 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 7 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage limiter control circuit CTL 1 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 9 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 10 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 11 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 12 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a synchronous DRAM practiced as a second embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a voltage limiter control circuit CTL 0 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 15 ;

FIG. 17 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 16 ;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as a third embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of power supply circuits in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 18 ;

FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of a voltage limiter control circuit CTL 0 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 18 ;

FIG. 21 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 20 ;

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as a fourth embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of power supply circuits in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 22 ;

FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram of a voltage limiter control circuit CTL 1 in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 22 ;

FIG. 25 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 24 ;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as a fifth embodiment of this invention; and

FIG. 27 is a block diagram of power supply circuits in the synchronous DRAM of FIG. 26 .

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of this invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Circuit elements constituting each of the blocks making up the embodiments are formed, but not limited, by known integrated circuit techniques such as those of CMOS (complementary MOS transistors) on a single semiconductor substrate made illustratively of single crystal silicon. Of the circuit symbols representing MOSFETs or MISFETs (metal insulation semiconductor FETs), those not arrowed denote N-type MOSFETs (NMOSs) and those arrowed stand for P-type MOSFETs (PMOSs).

(First Embodiment)

FIG. 1 shows a four-bank synchronous DRAM embodying the invention. In FIG. 1 , CHIP stands for a semiconductor memory chip; BANK 0 through BANK 3 denote the memory banks; CKT represents peripheral circuits common to all banks; VDL 0 through VDL 3 and VDLS indicate voltage limiter circuits (power-down circuits; more commonly, power supply circuits) for generating an internal supply voltage VDL (first internal voltage) for use by memory arrays from an externally supplied voltage VDD; and VCL 4 through VCL 6 and VCLS stand for voltage limiter circuits (voltage generating circuits) for generating an internal supply voltage VCL (second internal voltage) for use by peripheral circuits from the voltage VDD. Illustratively, the voltages VDD, VCL and VDL are 3.3 V, 2.2 V and 1.8 V respectively. The internal circuits are fed with the two internal voltages VCL and VDL which are derived from the externally supplied voltage VDD and which are lower than the voltage VDD. The voltage VDL is kept lower than the voltage VCL.

The control circuit CTL 0 controls the circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 , and the control circuit CTL 1 controls the circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 . The circuits CTL 0 and CTL 1 are included in the peripheral circuits CKT. The circuits CKT further comprise bonding pads, input buffers, output buffers, a main control circuit (to be described later), a main amplifier and a refresh counter. The input and output buffers operate on, but are not limited by, the externally supplied voltage VDD.

FIG. 2 shows a typical bank structure. In FIG. 2 , MA denotes a memory array in which memory cells are arranged in a matrix fashion; SC stands for a sense circuit; SWD represents a sub-word line driver; and IS indicates an intersection region where the sense circuit and the sub-word line driver intersect. The region IS includes a sense amplifier driving circuit, as will be described later.

The first internal voltage VDL is used to power the sense amplifier driving circuit. To reduce parasitic resistance, VDL line is composed of a second and a third metal layers arranged in a mesh manner. As depicted in FIG. 1 , the VDL line is furnished across the memory banks BANK 0 through BANK 3 . That is, the VDL line is provided commonly to BANK 0 through BANK 3 . The voltage VDL is also supplied to a VDL/2 generating circuit, not shown, which generates half the voltage VDL. As will be described later, the voltage VDL/2 is used to precharge plate electrodes and bit lines of the memory cells.

The second internal voltage VCL is supplied to row decoders XD 0 and XD 1 , column decoders YD 0 and YD 1 , bank-dedicated peripheral circuits BCKT, and common peripheral circuits CKT. The bank-dedicated peripheral circuits BCKT include an address latch and a pre-decoder. Because the row decoders, column decoders and peripheral circuits BCKT and CKT operate on the voltage VCL, VCL line passes through these circuits. As shown in FIG. 1 , the VCL line is also furnished across the memory banks BANK 0 through BANK 3 . Whereas the input and output buffers included in the common peripheral circuits CKT operate on the voltage VDD as described earlier, the majority of the other circuits in the common peripheral circuits CKT operate on the voltage VCL that is lower than the voltage VDD so as to achieve low power dissipation. Illustratively, the main control circuit, main amplifier, refresh counter, and control circuits CTL 0 and CTL 1 operate on the voltage VCL as well.

FIG. 3 depicts details of a memory array MA, a sense circuit SC and a sense amplifier driving circuit IS. At an intersection between a sub-word line SWL and a bit line pair BL and /BL is a dynamic memory cell MC furnished in a known folded data line pair fashion, the memory cell comprising a capacitor connected to a source-drain path of a switch MOSFET. The other end of the capacity is a plate electrode supplied commonly with the voltage VDL/2. The sense circuit SC comprises a sense amplifier SA (made of two cross-connected CMOS inverters) for amplifying a signal voltage on the bit line pair, and a bit line precharging circuit PC for precharging the bit line pair to half the voltage VDL. Paired signal lines CSN and CSP for driving the sense amplifier SA are wired up to the sense amplifier driving circuit. A precharging circuit CSPC similar to the bit line precharging circuit is furnished between the signal lines CSN and CSP and supplied with the voltage VDL/2. The sense amplifier driving circuit IS comprises three MOS transistors MN 1 through MN 3 .

When not in amplifying operation, the signal lines CSN and CSP are precharged by the precharging circuit CSPC to half the voltage VDL. An amplifying operation is started by initially turning on the transistors MN 1 and MN 2 . This connects the signal line CSN to ground and the signal line CSP to the external power supply VDD, causing the line CSN to drop and the line CSP to rise in potential. When the potential of the line CSP is raised close to the VDL level, the MOS transistor MN 2 is turned off and the MOS transistor MN 3 is turned on. The activated and deactivated transistors connect the line CSP to the internal power supply VDL. Eventually, the lines CSN and CSP reach 0 V and the voltage VDL respectively. This completes the amplifying operation, with one of the paired bit lines on 0 V and the other on the VDL level. The purpose of connecting the line CSP initially to the voltage VDD instead of directly to the voltage VDL is twofold: to make the amplifying operation faster, and to ease burdens on the VDL voltage limiter circuit. The technique is known as overdrive.

FIG. 4 shows connecting relations between power supply circuits of the first embodiment. The voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 and VDLS generate the first internal voltage VDL by referring to a reference voltage VRD generated by a reference voltage generating circuit RVG (not shown in FIG. 1 ). The circuit VDLS is continuously in operation. Because its current supplying capacity is small, the circuit VDLS consumes a low level of power. The circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 consume relatively high levels of power, have enhanced current supplying capacities, and are turned on and off by active signals LD 0 through LD 3 generated by the control circuit CTL 0 . In FIG. 4 , the sizes of the blocks representing the limiter circuits denote proportionally their current supplying capacities. The outputs of the circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 and VDLS are connected to the second layer metal line (indicated by solid lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) and the third layer metal line (denoted by dotted lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) arranged perpendicular to one another.

The voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 and VCLS generate the second internal voltage VCL by referring to a reference voltage VRC generated by the reference voltage generating circuit RVG. The circuit VCLS is continuously in operation. Because its current supplying capacity is small, the circuit VCLS consumes a low level of power. The circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 consume relatively high levels of power and have enhanced current supplying capacities. The voltage limiter circuit VCL 4 is turned on and off by an active signal LC 4 generated by the control circuit CTL 1 , and the circuits VCL 5 and VCL 6 are activated and deactivated by an active signal LC 5 generated by the circuit CTL 1 . The outputs of the circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 and VCLS are interconnected.

The main control circuit CTLM (not shown in FIG. 1 ) receives a clock signal CLK, a chip select signal ICS (a slash “/” prefixed to a signal name signifies that the signal is a complementary signal that is enabled when brought Low), a row address strobe signal /RAS, a column address strobe signal /CAS, a write enable signal /WE, and a clock enable signal CKE; interprets commands; and establishes operation modes accordingly. Synchronous DRAMs have a standardized method for designating commands through the combination of such signals as ICS, /RAS, /CAS, /WE and CKE in effect at a leading edge of the clock signal CLK. The first embodiment of this invention obeys the standardized method above.

The first embodiment is characterized roughly by two features. That is, the outputs of a plurality of voltage limiter circuits are interconnected, and the circuits are turned on and off individually depending on the operation mode the memory is in as described below.

The control circuit CTL 0 will now be described with reference to the circuit diagrams of FIGS. 5 and 6 as well as the operation waveform chart of FIG. 7 . Input signals BA 0 through BA 3 are bank active signals (control signals). Each of the signal is set to “1” when activating the corresponding memory bank (one of banks 0 through 3 ) and to “0” when deactivating it. A bank active command ACTV standardized for SDRAMs is designated by use of /CS=L, /RAS=L, /CAS=H, /WE=H, a row address (to designate a word line), and a bank address (to designate a bank number). More commonly, a bank is activated (i.e., selected) by first designating the bank location and one word in the bank. The one-word data are then read out to a plurality of corresponding sense amplifiers and latched. RF represents a refresh signal that is set to “1” when refreshing the memory. As described above, the output signals LD 0 through LD 3 turn on and off the VDL limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 respectively (set to “1” for circuit activation and “0” for deactivation).

FIG. 6 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit of FIG. 5 in normal operation. At times t 0 , t 1 , t 2 and t 3 , commands for activating banks 0 through 3 (ACTV 0 through ACTV 3 ) are input respectively. At time t 4 , an all-bank precharge command (PRE ALL) is input. When the command PRE ALL is input, all banks are deactivated, and the paired data lines and paired sense amplifier driving lines of each bank are precharged to the voltage VDL/2. Although it is common practice to input a read or a write command between the activation of a bank and a precharging operation, the command input is omitted here for purpose of simplification. When the input signal BA 0 reaches “1,” an inverter 100 - 0 and a one-shot pulse generator 101 - 0 act to set a signal OS 0 to “0” for a predetermined period of time. This causes a latch made of NAND gates 103 - 0 and 104 - 0 to yield an output LT 0 of “1,” and the output signal LD 0 is set to “1.” When the input signal BA 1 becomes “1,” a signal OS 1 is set to “0” for a predetermined period of time. This causes a latch made of NAND gates 103 - 1 and 104 - 1 to provide an output LT 1 of “1,” and the output LT 0 is set to “0.” The output signal LD 1 becomes “1,” and the output signal LD 0 reaches “0” after a predetermined delay caused by a delay circuit 105 - 0 . When the input signal BA 2 reaches “1,” the output signal LD 2 is likewise set to “1” and the output signal LD 1 becomes “0” after a predetermined delay. When the input signal BA 3 reaches “1,” the output signal LD 3 is likewise set to “1” and the output signal LD 2 becomes “0” after a predetermined delay. Finally at time t 4 when the input signals BA 0 through BA 3 all become “0,” an output IDB of an OR gate 106 is set to “0.” At this point, a signal LT 3 set so far to “1” reaches “0.” The output signal LD 3 becomes “0” after a predetermined delay.

As described, any one of the voltage limiter circuit VDL 0 through VDL 3 is turned on when an active command for activating the nearby memory bank is input, and is turned off when an active command for activating any other memory bank is input. That is, each voltage limiter circuit drives the power supply line. The driving force (driving ability) for each voltage limiter circuit to drive the power supply line may be variably controlled while the corresponding memory bank is being active. Immediately after a bank active command is input, a large current flows because of a sense amplifier operation that is triggered. The current flowing in that period is supplied from the voltage limiter circuit near the bank in question. Because only a current large enough to sustain the voltage level flows following the sense amplifier activation, either a circuit far away from the bank or the standby voltage limiter circuit VDLS can supply a sufficient current. That is because the outputs of the voltage limiter circuits are interconnected. Under such a control scheme, even with a plurality of memory banks activated, only one voltage limiter circuit besides the VDLS is active most of the time (although two or more voltage limiter circuits may be turned on temporarily). Naturally, only one voltage limiter circuit is active in addition to the VDLS in active standby mode. Compared with the conventional setup where all voltage limiter circuits are activated during operation, the inventive scheme significantly reduces power dissipation in the active standby state. Since many synchronous DRAMs in operation have their memory banks left active to take advantage of the high-speed data transfer feature, the drop in active standby current contributes appreciably to a reduction in the power dissipation of the system as a whole.

Each voltage limiter circuit is turned off a predetermined period of time after the input of a bank active command for activating another bank for the following reason: a large current flows immediately after a bank active command is input. The time in which the large current flows is from 10 to 30 ns depending on the process technique and design concept in use. Meanwhile, the intervals at which bank active commands are continuously input are stipulated for all synchronous DRAMs; the internals are usually made of two clock cycles. Illustratively, if the clock frequency is 100 MHz, the intervals are 20 ns long. This means that if an active command for the bank 1 is input two clock cycles after the input of an active command for the bank 0 , there is a possibility that a large current is still flowing through the bank 0 . Immediately turning off the voltage limiter circuit VDL 0 at that point will cause the large current to be supplied from the circuit VDL 1 far away from the bank 0 . In that case, a voltage drop due to line resistance can trigger a malfunction or an operation delay, which can lead to negative consequences.

FIG. 7 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit of FIG. 5 in refresh mode (auto-refresh represented by a standardized SDRAM command REF) Inputting an auto-refresh command activates all banks simultaneously. In each bank, a word line indicated by a refresh counter is activated so as to refresh one-word memory cells. At time t 5 when a refresh command (REF) is input, all bank active signals BA 0 through BA 3 and the refresh signal RF are set to “1.” This sets the latch outputs LT 0 through LT 3 as well as the output signals LD 0 through LD 3 to “1.” When the refresh operation terminates in the chip (at this time no command input is required), the signals RF and BA 0 through BA 3 are set to “0”; the output IDB of the OR gate 106 becomes “0,” the latch outputs LT 0 through LT 3 reach “0,” and the output signals LD 0 through LD 3 are set to “0” after a predetermined delay. That is, the voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 are turned on at the same time in refresh mode. The simultaneous circuit activation is intended to supply a current four times as large as that in normal operation because all banks operate simultaneously in refresh mode. The standby voltage limiter circuit VDLS is continuously in operation.

The control circuit CTL 1 will now be described with reference to the circuit diagram of FIG. 8 and the operation waveform charts of FIGS. 9 through 12 . The input signal CKE is a clock enable signal that is input externally. PDMB denotes a signal that is set to “0” in power-down mode or self-refresh mode (to be described later) and set to “1” otherwise. RF represents a refresh signal that is set to “1” when the memory is being refreshed. BA indicates a signal that is set to “1” when a bank active command is input. RD and WR stand for signals that are set to “1” in read mode and in write mode respectively. The output signal LC 4 is used to turn on and off the VCL limiter circuit VCL 4 as described above (set to “1” for circuit activation and to “0” for deactivation). The output signal LC 5 is a signal that turns on and off the VCL limiter circuits VCL 5 and VCL 6 as mentioned above (set to “1” for circuit activation and to “0” for deactivation).

FIG. 9 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 8 when the bank 0 is activated and data are read therefrom. At time t 6 when an active command (ACTV 0 ) for the bank 0 is input, the signal BA is set to “1” while the command is being input, and an output DLY 1 of the delay circuit 106 reaches “1” for a predetermined period of time. At time t 7 when a read command (READ 0 ) for the bank 0 is input, the signal RD is set to “1” because read mode is selected, and an output DLY 2 of the delay circuit 108 becomes “1.” At time t 8 when a precharge command (PRE 0 ) for the bank 0 is input, the signal RD becomes “0” and the output DLY 2 reaches “0” with a slight delay. Because the output signal LC 5 is obtained by OR'ing DLY 1 and DLY 2 , the signal LC 5 is set to “1” immediately after the input of a bank active command as well as in read mode. The output signal LC 4 is always “1” since the clock enable signal CKE is “1.”

As described, the voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 and VCLS are all turned on immediately after the input of a bank active command as well as in read mode. Otherwise the circuits VCL 4 and VCLS alone are turned on and the circuits VCL 5 and VCL 6 are turned off. Immediately after the input of the bank active command, a large current flows because the address buffer and row decoders are activated. A large current also flows in read mode in which the column decoders, main amplifier and output buffer are activated. In these periods, all voltage limiter circuits are turned on to supply the large current. In other periods, only a small current flows, so that part of the circuits are deactivated. Specifically, the period in which the circuits VCL 5 and VCL 6 operate should be made as long as or a slightly longer than (to allow for some margins for fluctuations) the period in which the row decoders and column decoders operate in connection with the activation of a bank and the reading of data therefrom. Under such a control scheme, only one voltage limiter circuit besides the VCLS is active in active standby mode (i.e., from bank activation until the input of a read command). Thus compared with the conventional setup where all voltage limiter circuits are turned on in operation, the inventive scheme significantly reduces power dissipation in active standby mode.

Whereas the description above has centered on read operations, the description also applies to write operations taking place in the same manner except that the signal WR instead of the signal RD is set to “1.” In write operations, the active standby current may be reduced in like manner.

FIG. 10 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit of FIG. 8 in refresh mode (auto-refresh). As in the case of FIG. 7 , when a refresh command (REF) is input at time t 5 , the refresh signal RF is set to “1” as long as the refresh operation is being performed. The output signal LC 5 is set to “1” for a predetermined period of time by a one-shot pulse generating circuit 114 and a delay circuit 116 , and is thereafter brought to “0.” Since the clock enable signal CKE is “1,” the output signal LC 4 is always “1.” Thus immediately after the start of a refresh operation, all voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 and VCLS are turned on. Later, the circuits VCL 5 and VCL 6 are turned off. Immediately after the refresh operation has started, a large current flows because of the operation of the row decoders and other elements. During that period, all voltage limiter circuits are activated to supply the large current. Thereafter, with only a small current flowing, part of the circuits are deactivated to minimize power dissipation.

FIG. 11 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit of FIG. 8 in power-down mode. Power-down mode is a low power dissipation mode corresponding to a normal standby state of DRAMs (in which all data lines are precharged to VDL/2). DRAMs have a standardized method for designating the start and end of power-down mode by use of the clock enable signal CKE, among others. This embodiment also obeys the standardized method. At time t 9 when a power-down mode start command (PDM Entry) is input, the signal PDMB reaches “0,” which sets the output signal LC 4 to “0.” The signal CKE is set to “1” before time t 10 when a power-down mode end command (PDM Exit) is to be input. Thus at time t 10 , the output signal LC 4 is set to “1.” Because the signals LC 4 and LC 5 are set to “0” in power-down mode, the voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 are all turned off and only the standby voltage limiter circuit VCLS is turned on. It follows that power dissipation is minimized while power-down mode is being in effect.

The fall of the signal LC 4 is determined by the signal PDMB while its rise is decided by the clock enable signal CKE for the following reasons: the specifications of synchronous DRAMs stipulate that power-down mode be terminated by setting the clock enable signal CKE to “1” at a leading edge of the clock signal CLK. The signal CKE must be set to “1” earlier than the rise of the clock signal CLK by a set-up time (usually 2 to 3 ns). This means that the signal LC 4 is raised earlier if the end of power-down mode is judged based on the signal CKE than if the end of the mode is determined as per the signal PDMB. Since there is a possibility that a bank active command or like command may be input in the clock cycle immediately after the power-down mode end command, the voltage limiter circuit VCL 4 should preferably be turned on earlier than usual in preparation for the command input.

FIG. 12 is another operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit of FIG. 8 in self-refresh mode. When a self-refresh command is input, the SDRAM is refreshed periodically according to an internal timer until a self-refresh end command is entered. At time T 11 when a self-refresh start command (SELF Entry) is input, the signal PDMB is set to “0” bringing the output signal LC 4 to “0.” When the timer in the chip starts a refreshing operation at time t 12 , the signal RF is set to “1.” The output signal LC 4 is at “1” while the signal RF is being “1.” The output signal LC 5 remains at “1” for a predetermined period of time following a rise of the signal RF. The signal CKE is at “1” before time t 13 when a self-refresh mode end command (SELF Exit) is to be input. When time t 13 is reached, the signal LC 4 is set to “1.” Thus in self-refresh mode, the voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 are turned on only when the refresh operation is being actually performed and are turned off otherwise. Refresh operations are carried out usually at intervals of tens to hundreds of microseconds. A single refresh operation is completed in tens of ns, which means that the duration of the refresh operations accounts for 0.1% or less of all operation times. In most of the remaining operation times, the voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 through VCL 6 are all turned off and only the standby voltage limiter circuit VCLS is turned on. As a result, the power dissipation in self-refresh mode is quite limited.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a typical VCL voltage limiter circuit. The circuit comprises a differential amplifier DA and an output stage FS. The differential amplifier DA is activated when an active command LCi is at “1” (High level). When active, the amplifier DA compares a voltage VFB with the reference voltage VRC, the voltage VFB being obtained by dividing the output voltage VCL by two P-channel MOS transistors M 19 and M 20 . An output PG of the differential amplifier DA is input to the gate of a P-channel MOS transistor M 16 in the output stage. A drop in the VCL potential leads to a decline in the PG potential, turning on the MOS transistor M 16 to charge the VCL from the VDD. An excess rise in the VCL potential causes a leak circuit made of N-channel MOS transistors M 17 and M 18 to discharge the VCL. When the active signal LCi is at “0” (Low level), an N-channel MOS transistor M 1 is turned off; P-channel MOS transistors M 8 , M 9 and M 15 are turned on; and an N-channel MOS transistor M 14 is turned on. This in turn activates P-channel MOS transistors M 4 through M 7 and deactivates N-channel MOS transistors M 12 and M 13 , thereby cutting off all currents flowing through the differential amplifier DA. In addition, the MOS transistors M 16 and M 18 in the output stage are turned off. As a result, the power dissipation consisting only of currents flowing through the voltage dividers M 19 and M 20 is at a level significantly lower than that in the operating state. The transistors M 19 and M 20 are continuously fed with currents to stabilize the level of the voltage VFB in preparation for the next activation of the differential amplifier DA.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a typical VDL voltage limiter circuit. The difference between the circuit of FIG. 14 and that of FIG. 13 is that the setup of FIG. 14 has a reinforced capability of discharging at the time of an excess rise in the output voltage VDL. In FIG. 14 , a differential amplifier DA has two outputs PG and NG. The output PG is input to the P-channel MOS transistor M 16 as in the circuit of FIG. 13 , while the output NG is input to the gate of an N-channel MOS transistor M 25 . An excess rise in the VDL potential leads to an increase in the NG potential, which causes the transistor M 25 to discharge the VDL. The arrangement above is incorporated to deal with the situation where the overdrive technique (see FIG. 3 ) is utilized, i.e., where the VDL potential can be raised too high. Meanwhile, although this embodiment has been described with four banks, the number of banks may be changed as desired as long as the number is an integer. Preferably, the number of banks should be 2 to the n-th power, “n” being an integer (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.). Whereas other embodiments to be described below will also have four banks, that number of banks is only for illustration and is not limitative of the invention.

The control scheme above is made possible when the number of voltage limiter circuits (excluding standby voltage limiter circuits) generating the first internal voltage VDL is made equal to the number of banks configured (four with this embodiment). On the other hand, although this embodiment has three voltage limiter circuits (excluding standby voltage limier circuits) generating the second internal voltage VCL, the circuit count is optional as long as there are at least two circuits. That is, one voltage limiter circuit is controlled by the control signal LC 4 and the other circuit by the signal LC 5 . As standby voltage limiter circuits, one or more circuits are needed for the voltage VDL and one or more for the voltage VCL. Preferably, there should be only one standby voltage limiter circuit for each of the voltages VDL and VCL so as to minimize power dissipation in standby mode.

(Second Embodiment)

The second embodiment of this invention will now be described. The layout of circuits in the second embodiment is the same as that in FIG. 1 and will not be described here. FIG. 15 depicts connective relations between the circuits involved. What makes the setup of FIG. 15 different from that of FIG. 4 is that the voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 and VDL 1 are controlled collectively by the active signal LD 0 and the circuits VDL 2 and VDL 3 by the active signal LD 2 likewise.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of the voltage limiter control circuit CTL 0 , and FIG. 17 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 16 . As in the chart of FIG. 6 , the waveforms in FIG. 17 are in effect when active commands to active the banks 0 , 1 , 2 and 3 are input at times t 0 , t 1 , t 2 and t 3 respectively, with an all-bank precharge command entered at time t 4 . When the active signal BA 0 is first set to “1,” the signal OS 0 becomes “0” for a predetermined period of time as with the case in FIG. 6 . An output LT 0 of a latch made of NAND gates 103 - 0 and 104 - 0 then becomes “1” and the output signal LD 0 is set to “1” When the active signal BA 1 is set to “1,” the signal OS 1 becomes “0” for a predetermined period of time. At this point, the latch outputs LT 0 and LT 2 remain unchanged. When the active signal BA 2 is set to “1,” the signal OS 2 becomes “0” for a predetermined period of time. As a result, the output LT 2 of a latch made of NAND gates 103 - 2 and 104 - 2 is set to “1”, and the latch output LT 0 is set to “0.” The output signal LD 2 reaches “1,” and the signal LD 0 becomes “0” following a predetermined delay caused by the delay circuit 105 - 0 . When the active signal BA 3 is set to “1,” the signal OS 3 becomes “0” for a predetermined period of time but the latch outputs LT 0 and LT 2 remain unchanged. At time t 4 when all active signals BA 0 through BA 3 are set to “0,” the output IDB of the OR gate 106 reaches “0.” This sets to “0” the signal LT 2 which has been at “1” so far. The output signal LD 2 reaches “O” after a predetermined delay.

The voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 and VDL 1 may be grouped into a single circuit because they are always turned on and off together. The same applies to the circuits VDL 2 and VDL 3 .

In the second embodiment, two voltage limiter circuits are controlled collectively by a single active signal. For that reason, two voltage limiter circuits besides the VDLS are turned on most of the time. Although its ability to save power is not as good as that of the first embodiment, the second embodiment offers the benefit of a simplified control circuit structure and a smaller number of active signals used. This feature is particularly advantageous where the number of banks is considerably large. For example, a memory with 16 banks would need 16 active signals if each bank had one voltage limiter circuit controlled individually. Instead, the second embodiment has the 16 banks grouped into four circuits that are controlled by only four active signals.

The control circuit CTL 1 is the same in structure as that of the first embodiment ( FIG. 8 ) Thus no further description will be made of that circuit.

With the second embodiment, the number of VDL voltage limiter circuits (excluding standby voltage limiter circuits) is made equal to the number of banks (i.e., four). Since the circuits VDL 0 and VDL 1 are controlled by the same control signal LD 0 and turned on and off together thereby, the two circuits may be grouped into a single circuit. The same applies to the circuits VDL 2 and VDL 3 . If VDL voltage limiter circuits controlled by the same control signal are grouped into a single circuit, the number of the voltage limiter circuits in use becomes a measure of the number of the banks configured.

(Third Embodiment)

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as the third embodiment of this invention. The difference between the circuit of FIG. 18 and that of FIG. 1 is that the setup of FIG. 18 comprises an additional VDL voltage limiter circuit VDL 4 . The circuit VDL 4 is controlled by an active signal LC 4 as shown in FIG. 19 .

FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of a voltage limiter control circuit CTL 0 in the SDRAM of FIG. 18 , and FIG. 21 is an operation waveform chart applicable to the control circuit in FIG. 20 . As in the cases of FIGS. 6 and 17 , active commands to activate the banks 0 , 1 , 2 and 3 are input at times t 0 , t 1 , t 2 and t 3 respectively, with an all-bank precharge command entered at time t 4 . When the active signal BA 0 is first set to “1,” an output OS 10 of a one-shot pulse generating circuit 108 - 0 becomes “1” for a predetermined period of time. This causes the output signal LD 0 to reach “1” and then to return to “0” with a predetermined delay. When the active signals BA 1 , BA 2 and BA 3 are successively set to “1,” the output signals LD 1 , LD 2 and LD 3 are brought to “1” respectively for a predetermined period of time each. The signal LC 4 is always at “1.”

As a result, each of the voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 is turned on only immediately after the active command corresponding to the memory bank nearby is input. The voltage limiter circuit VDL 4 is continuously active. Immediately after a bank active command is entered, a large current flows because of the sense amplifier operation being initiated. The current flowing during that period is derived primarily from the voltage limiter circuit near the bank in question. After the sense amplifier operation, only a small current flows which can be supplied adequately from the voltage limiter circuit VDL 4 or VDLS. Under such a control scheme, even if a plurality of memory banks are turned on (although two or more voltage limiter circuits are together activated temporarily), the only voltage limiter circuits being active most of the time are VDLS and VDL 4 . Needless to say, only the voltage limiter circuits VDLS and VDL 4 are turned on in active standby mode. Compared with conventional setups where all voltage limiter circuits are activated during operation, the power dissipation in active standby mode is thus reduced considerably.

As is clear from the above description, the power supplying capability of the voltage limiter circuit VDL 4 is allowed to be smaller than that of the circuit VDL 0 , VDL 1 , VDL 2 or VDL 3 but should preferably be larger than that of the circuit VDLS. That is because a current for inverting the potential of a bit line pair flows in write mode, the current being supplied from the circuit VDL 4 (with the circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 being turned off). Controlled by the active signal LC 4 , the circuit VDL 4 is turned off in power-down mode or in self-refresh mode (see FIGS. 11 and 12 ).

A major advantage of the third embodiment is thus a simplified structure of the control circuit CTL 0 . The structural simplicity becomes apparent when FIGS. 20 , 5 and 16 are compared with each other.

The control circuit CTL 1 is the same in structure as that of the first embodiment (FIG. 8 ). Thus no further description will be made of that circuit.

With the third embodiment, whenever the number of banks in use is changed, the minimum number of VDL voltage limiter circuits configured (excluding standby voltage limiter circuits) need only be made equal to the number of the banks being used plus 1. That is, there should be one circuit corresponding to each bank and at least one circuit controlled by the signal LC 4 .

(Fourth Embodiment)

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as the fourth embodiment of this invention. The fourth embodiment is characterized in that the control scheme for VDL voltage limiter circuits (typical of the third embodiment) is applied to VCL voltage limiter circuits. Each of VCL voltage limiter circuits VCL 0 through VCL 3 in the fourth embodiment is located near the corresponding bank. In the middle of the configured banks are a voltage limiter circuit VCL 4 and a standby voltage limiter circuit VCLS. FIG. 23 shows connecting relations between the component circuits of the fourth embodiment. As in the case of the third embodiment (FIG. 19 ), VDL voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 4 are controlled by active signals LD 0 , LD 1 , LD 2 , LD 3 and LC 4 respectively. The VCL voltage limiter circuits VCL 0 through VCL 4 are controlled by active signals LC 0 , LC 1 , LC 2 , LC 3 and LC 4 respectively.

The control circuit CTL 0 is the same in structure as that of the third embodiment (FIG. 20 ). Thus no further description will be made of that circuit. The control circuit CTL 1 is described below with reference to the circuit diagram of FIG. 24 and the operation waveform chart of FIG. 25 . As in the case of FIG. 9 , the setup of FIG. 24 has a bank 0 activated and has data read therefrom. An active command to activate the bank 0 is input at time t 6 , which sets a signal BA 0 to “1.” This causes an output OS 20 of a one-shot pulse generating circuit 120 - 0 to become “1” for a predetermined period of time. The output OS 20 being “1” causes the output signal LC 0 to reach “1” and then to return to “0” with a predetermined delay caused by a delay circuit 122 - 0 . At time t 7 when a read command to read data from the bank 0 is input, read mode is selected in which the signal RD is set to “1” and all output signals LC 0 through LC 3 are also set to “1.” At time t 8 when a precharge command (PRE 0 ) to precharge the bank 0 is input, the signal RD is brought to “0” and, a little later, the signals LC 0 through LC 3 are also brought to “0.” The output signal LC 4 is always at “1” because the clock enable signal CKE is set to “1.”

In consequence, the voltage limiter circuits VCL 0 , VCL 4 and VCLS are turned on immediately after the input of a bank active command. In read mode, the circuits VCL 0 through VCL 4 and VCLS are all turned on; otherwise the circuits VCL 4 and VCLS alone are activated. Because a large current flows immediately after the input of the bank active command or when read mode is in effect, the number of activated voltage limiter circuits is increased during such periods in order to provide the large current. At other times, the flowing current is small, so that the number of active voltage limiter circuits may be reduced accordingly. Under such a control scheme, only the voltage limiter circuits VCL 4 and VCLS are turned on in active standby mode (from bank activation until the issue of a read command). Compared with conventional setups where all voltage limiter circuits are activated during operation, the power dissipation in active standby mode is thus reduced considerably.

As is clear from the explanation above, the power supplying capability of the voltage limiter circuit VCL 4 is allowed to be smaller than that of the circuit VCL 0 , VCL 1 , VCL 2 or VCL 3 but should preferably be larger than that of the circuit VCLS. That is because a small portion of the circuits (e.g., input buffers for clock signal CLK) are operating even in active standby mode. Controlled by the active signal LC 4 , the circuit VCL 4 is turned off in power-down mode or in self-refresh mode (see FIGS. 11 and 12 ).

Whereas the description above has focused on read operations, the description also applies to write operations taking place in the same manner except that the signal WR instead of the signal RD is set to “1.” In write operations, the active standby current may be reduced in like manner.

With the fourth embodiment, the minimum number of VDL or VCL voltage limiter circuits configured (excluding standby voltage limiter circuits) need only be made equal to the number of the banks being used plus 1. That is, there should be one circuit corresponding to each bank and at least one circuit controlled by the signal LC 4 .

(Fifth Embodiment)

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a synchronous DRAM practiced as the fifth embodiment of this invention. The difference between the circuit of FIG. 26 and that of FIG. 1 is that the setup of FIG. 26 has an internal supply voltage VII generated for dedicated use by internal buffers and that an internal supply voltage VDL for memory arrays is equal in level to an internal supply voltage VCL for peripheral circuits. Illustratively, the voltages are at the following levels: VDD=3.3 V, VCL=VDL=1.8 V and VII=2.5 V. The input buffers need to have a stable supply voltage because they are required to meet the specifications of the high level VIH and low level VIL regarding input signals. For that reason, a supply voltage dedicated to the input buffers is generated in a stable manner by voltage limiter circuits VII 0 through VII 2 and VIIS. Since the input buffers are included in the peripheral circuits CKT as mentioned earlier, VII line passes through the circuits CKT.

FIG. 27 shows connecting relations between the component circuits of the fifth embodiment. Because the circuit constitution of the fifth embodiment is roughly the same as that of the first embodiment (in FIG. 4 ), only differences therebetween are described below. The fifth embodiment has the voltage limiter circuits VII 0 through VII 2 and VIIS added in order to generate the internal supply voltage VII. These circuits generate the voltage VII by referring to a reference voltage VRI generated by a reference voltage generating circuit RVG (not shown in FIG. 26 ). The circuit VIIS is a circuit which is continuously active and which provides a small current supplying capability while consuming a limited amount of power. The circuits VII 0 through VII 2 provide a large current supplying capability while dissipating a relatively large amount of power, and are turned on and off by an active signal LC 4 . As such, the circuits VII 0 through VII 2 are always active except in power-down mode or in self-refresh mode.

Because the level of the internal supply voltage VDL is equal to that of the internal supply voltage VCL, the VDL and VCL voltage limiter circuits make use of a common reference voltage VRC. There is no standby VDL voltage limiter circuit VDLS. Instead, the VDL and VCL voltage limiter circuits are connected by means of a suitable resistor (MOS transistor MC in the case of FIG. 27 ). Where all banks are inactive, the voltage limiter circuits VDL 0 through VDL 3 are turned off. At that point, the VDL level is retained by the VCL voltage limiter circuits through the transistor MC. In this manner, where the VDL level is equal to the VCL level, the circuit VDLS may be omitted. The absence of the circuit contributes to a corresponding reduction in power dissipation in power-down mode or in self-refresh mode.

With the fifth embodiment, the number of VDL voltage limiter circuits and that of VCL voltage limiter circuits (excluding standby voltage limiter circuits) may be determined in the same manner as with the first embodiment. Although the fifth embodiment incorporates three VII voltage limiter circuits (excluding standby voltage limiter circuits), this is not limitative of the invention. There need only be a minimum of one VII voltage limiter circuit. As described, the fifth embodiment is characterized by the absence of a standby VDL voltage limiter circuit.

Although the invention has been shown being applied to synchronous DRAMs, this is not limitative of the invention. The invention may also be applied to semiconductor memories such as DDR (double data rate) SDRAMs, Synclink-DRAMs and Rambus-DRAMs which have a plurality of banks each and whose operations are designated by commands regardless of specific command formats. It is also possible to apply the invention to a single-chip semiconductor device comprising a similar DRAM, logic circuits, a CPU and other elements in a mixed fashion. The invention is particularly advantageous when applied to a semiconductor device with a memory having data read into its sense amplifiers and latched therein, as in the case of active standby mode for SDRAMs.

Although the description above has largely focused on memory banks of the synchronous SDRAM, this is not limitative of the invention. The invention may also be applied to memory arrays (memory blocks) of DRAMs, SRAMs and other memories, as well as to logical function-equipped memories including DRAMs, SRAMs and other memories.

The voltage limiter circuits discussed above may be replaced by various voltage generating circuits for generating a boosted voltage (Vpp), a substrate voltage (Vbb) and a plate voltage (Vpl). The power dissipation of these voltage generating circuits is reduced when the operating status of the voltage generating circuits (including a boosted voltage generator, a substrate voltage generator, a plate voltage generator) is controlled suitably corresponding to the operating state of the memory arrays (memory blocks, banks, etc.) of memories such as SDRAMs, DRAMs and SRAMs.

Thus as described, on-chip voltage limiter circuits in activate standby mode may have their power dissipation reduced according to the invention.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described using specific terms, such description is for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that changes and variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A semiconductor device comprising:a control circuit which receives command signals in synchronism with a clock signal, and receives a clock enable signal; a first power supply circuit which receives an externally supplied voltage and outputs an internal supply voltage; and a second power supply circuit which receives said externally supplied voltage and outputs said internal supply voltage, wherein, when said clock enable signal is in a first state, said first power supply circuit is in operation, said second power supply circuit is in operation and said control circuit controls the operation mode of said semiconductor device according to said command signals, and wherein, when said clock enable signal is in a second state, said first power supply circuit is not in operation and said second power supply circuit is in operation.

2. A semiconductor device according to claim 1,wherein said externally supplied voltage is larger than said internal supply voltage, and wherein each of said first and second power supply circuits is a voltage limiter.

3. A synchronous DRAM comprising:a control circuit which receives command signals in synchronous with a clock signal, and receives a clock enable signal; a first power supply circuit which receives an externally supplied voltage and outputs an internal supply voltage; and a second power supply circuit which receives said externally supplied voltage and outputs said internal supply voltage, wherein, when said clock enable signal is in a first state, said first power supply circuit is in operation, said second power supply circuit is in operation and said control circuit controls the operation mode of said semiconductor device according to said command signals, and wherein, when said clock enable signal is in a second state, said first power supply circuit is intermittently in operation and said second power supply circuit is continuously in operation.