Techniques for semiconductor packaging are well known in the art. In general, a die is cut from a wafer, processed, and attached to a leadframe. After assembly of the integrated circuit (IC) package, the IC package may then placed on a circuit board with other components, including passive components such as capacitors, resistors and inductors. Such passive components, which can be used in filtering the like, can result in the addition of a circuit board near the sensor, or additional real estate on a circuit board that may be present.
As is known in the art, integrated circuits (ICs) are typically overmolded with a plastic or other material to form a package. Such ICs, for example sensors, often require external components, such as capacitors, to be coupled to the IC for proper operation. Magnetic sensors, for example, can require decoupling capacitors to reduce noise and enhance EMC (electromagnetic compatibility). However, external components require real estate on a printed circuit board (PCB) and additional processing steps.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,388 to Chew et al. discloses a technique in which a leadframe includes a flag portion and a lead portion with a wire bonds connecting a die to the leadframe. Inner ends of the lead portions are etched to provide a locking structure for epoxy compound. The assembly is then encapsulated in an epoxy plastic compound.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,199 to Yasunaga et al. discloses a lead frame with leads having a recess to receive a wire that can be contained in resin for electrical connection to a semiconductor chip.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,642,609 to Minamio et al. discloses a leadframe having leads with land electrodes. A land lead has a half-cut portion and a land portion, which is inclined so that in a resin molding process the land electrode adheres to a seal sheet for preventing resin from reaching the land electrode.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,836 to Liu et al, discloses a packaging structure including a leadframe having leads and a die pad to which a chip can be bonded. A passive device is mounted between the contact pads. Bonding wires connect the chip, passive device, and leads, all of which are encapsulated.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2005/0035448 of Hsu et al. discloses a chip package structure including a carrier, a die, a passive component, and conducting wires. Electrodes of the passive component are coupled to power and ground via respective conducting wires.
The exemplary embodiments contained herein will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
By integrating one or more capacitors 102 in accordance with exemplary embodiments described more fully below, the vertical direction of the package, or the magnetic field, is either minimally or not impacted, e.g., increased, as compared with known sensor packages. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, it is desirable for sensor ICs to minimize a distance between the sensor package and the object of interest.
The capacitor 200 is electrically coupled to the leadframe 206 using any suitable technique, such as wire-bonding, solder, conductive epoxy, etc. In certain embodiments, wire-bonding and/or conductive epoxy may be preferred as solder may potentially crack at the interface with the capacitor or leadframe due to thermal expansion caused by coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatches over temperature cycles.
In an exemplary embodiment, a capacitor 300 is placed below a leadframe 302 and electrically connected to the leadframe and secured in position by the conductive epoxy 310. In one embodiment, the capacitor 300 is generally centered on a longitudinal center 312 of the leadframe 302. That is, an equal portion of the capacitor is above the top surface 314 and below the bottom surface 316 of the leadframe. However, in other embodiments, the capacitor 300 can be positioned differently with respect to the leadframe 302.
In an exemplary embodiment, an assembly fixture 350 (
In another embodiment, solder is used to electrically connect and secure the capacitor to the leadframe. It is understood that other suitable materials can be used that can withstand mechanical forces present during the plastic package injection molding process.
As shown in
In the illustrative package of
The exemplary sensor package 400 has dimensions of about 0.24 inch long, about 0.184 inch wide, and about 0.76 inch deep, i.e., thickness. The leadframe 406 is about 0.01 inch in thickness with the cutout region about 0.04 inch to enable placement of the capacitors 402 below the leadframe surface.
The capacitive impedance provided by the capacitors can vary. In general, the capacitance can range from about 500 pF to about 200 nF.
As is well known in the art, in the presence of an AC magnetic field (e.g., a magnetic field surrounding a current carrying conductor), AC eddy currents can be induced in the conductive leadframe 452. Eddy currents form into closed loops that tend to result in a smaller magnetic field so that a Hall effect element experiences a smaller magnetic field than it would otherwise experience, resulting in a less sensitivity. Furthermore, if the magnetic field associated with the eddy current is not uniform or symmetrical about the Hall effect element, the Hall effect element might also generate an undesirable offset voltage.
The slot(s) 454 tends to reduce a size (e.g., a diameter or path length) of the closed loops in which the eddy currents travel in the leadframe 452. It will be understood that the reduced size of the closed loops in which the eddy currents travel results in smaller eddy currents for a smaller local affect on the AC magnetic field that induced the eddy current. Therefore, the sensitivity of a current sensor having a Hall effect 460 element is less affected by eddy currents due to the slot(s) 454.
Instead of an eddy current rotating about the Hall effect element 460, the slot 454 results in eddy currents to each side of the Hall element. While the magnetic fields resulting from the eddy currents are additive, the overall magnitude field strength, compared to a single eddy current with no slot, is lower due to the increased proximity of the eddy currents.
It is understood that any number of slots can be formed in a wide variety of configurations to meet the needs of a particular application. In the illustrative embodiment of
It is understood that the term slot should be broadly construed to cover generally interruptions in the conductivity of the leadframe. For example, slots can includes a few relatively large holes as well as smaller holes in a relatively high density. In addition, the term slot is not intended to refer to any particular geometry. For example, slot includes a wide variety of regular and irregular shapes, such as tapers, ovals, etc. Further, it is understood that the direction of the slot(s) can vary. Also, it will be apparent that it may be desirable to position the slot(s) based upon the type of sensor.
The slotted leadframe 452 can be formed from a metal layer of suitable conductive materials including, for example, aluminum, copper, gold, titanium, tungsten, chromium, and/or nickel.
Alternatively a flip-chip attachment could be used in which solder balls and/or bumps are applied to the die, which is then attached to the leadframe. A capacitor is attached to the leadframe followed by overmolding of the assembly after solder reflow.
It is understood that the illustrative process embodiments are exemplary. In addition, all steps may not be shown, for example, typically after molding the package the leads are plated, trimmed and then formed. It would also be possible to attach the capacitor with one type of solder and then the die can be flip chip attached to the leadframe with a second type of solder. Further, the process steps may be reversed depending on which solder has the higher reflow temperature. The higher temperature solder should be used first. The case of flip chip attach of the die and then the capacitors with an epoxy would also be possible.
It is understood that a variety of attachment mechanisms can be used to secure and/or electrically connect the capacitor and leadframe. Exemplary mechanisms include tape and conductive epoxy, solder, tape and wire bonds, TAB (tape automated bonding), and non-conductive epoxy and wire bonding.
A series of unattached lead fingers 608a, b, c are positioned in a spaced relationship to the leadframe 602 to enable finger-leadframe connection via respective components 606a, b, c in the illustrated embodiment. The die 604 is positioned on a top surface 602a of the leadframe 602 and one or more of the components 606 are attached to a bottom surface 602b of the leadframe. The components 606 can also be coupled to a lead finger to electrically connect the lead finger 608 to the leadframe 602. Wire bonds 610, for example, can be used to make electrical connections between the die 604 and the leadframe.
With this arrangement, passive component integration can be achieved on a leadframe pad using one or more matured surface mount technology (SMT) process, such as screen printing, dispensing, surface mount device attachment, etc.
The leadframe 602 and/or lead fingers 608 can be fabricated by etching, stamping, grinding and/or the like. The passive component 606 attachment can be performed before singulation and package body molding so that the singulation process will not adversely affect the quality of the internal components. As is known in the art, and disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,886,247 to Drussel, et al., singulation refers to the separation of printed circuit boards from the interconnected PCB's in the panel of substrate material.
With this arrangement, the top surface 720 of the capacitor is lowered with respect to the top surface 706a of the leadframe due to the downset areas 714, 716 of the leadframe and the first lead finger.
An exemplary impedance range for the capacitors is from about 500 pF to about 100 nF. It is understood that a variety of capacitor types and attachment technology techniques can be used to provide sensors having integrated capacitors. In one particular embodiment, surface mount capacitors are used having exemplary dimensions of 1.6 mm long by 0.85 mm wide by 0.86 mm thick.
An integrated circuit having an integrated capacitor is useful for applications requiring noise filtering at its input or output, such as with a bypass capacitor. For example, positions sensors, such as Hall effect devices, often use bypass capacitors in automotive applications.
In the illustrated embodiment, the lead fingers 808a, 810a,b are coined to provide the downset areas 812, 814, 816. By placing the components, e.g., capacitors, inductors, resistors, etc., in the coined downset areas, the thickness of the overall package is reduced.
Such an arrangement provides advantages for a magnetic field sensor since the package thickness may be reduced. That is, an inventive sensor having an integrated component can have the same thickness as a comparable conventional sensor without an integrated component. It is readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the magnetic gap is a parameter of interest for magnetic sensors and the ability to reduce a package thickness may provide enhanced magnetic sensor designs.
To fabricate the package 950 of
The exemplary invention embodiments are useful for System-in-Package (SiP) technology in a variety of applications, such as automotive applications. The inventive packaging contributes to optimizing the life cycle of passive components, improving noise reduction capability, and creating more space on circuit boards. In addition, the invention optimizes the positioning of components to reduce space requirements and enhance device sensing ability.
In another embodiment, a sensor includes on a leadframe a first die having a sensor element and a second die having circuitry and at least one integrated capacitor. While exemplary embodiments contained herein discuss the use of a Hall effect sensor, it would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other types of magnetic field sensors may also be used in place of or in combination with a Hall element. For example the device could use an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensor and/or a Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor. In the case of GMR sensors, the GMR element is intended to cover the range of sensors comprised of multiple material stacks, for example: linear spin valves, a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), or a colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) sensor. In other embodiments, the sensor includes a back bias magnet. The dies can be formed independently from Silicon, GaAs, InGaAs, InGaAsP, SiGe or other suitable material.
Other embodiments of the present invention include pressure sensors, and other contactless sensor packages in general in which it is desirable to have integrated components, such as capacitors.
One skilled in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the invention based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/457,626 filed on Jul. 14, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11457626 | Jul 2006 | US |
Child | 13325162 | US |