The present invention relates to aggregating integrated circuits and, in particular, to stacking integrated circuits in chip-scale packages and methods for creating stacked modules of chip-scale packages.
A variety of techniques are used to stack packaged integrated circuits. Some methods require special packages, while other techniques stack conventional packages.
CSP refers generally to packages that provide connection to an integrated circuit through a set of contacts (often embodied as “bumps” or “balls”) arrayed across a major surface of the package. Instead of leads emergent from a peripheral side of the package as in “leaded” packages, in a CSP, contacts are placed on a major surface and typically emerge from the planar bottom surface of the package. The absence of “leads” on package sides renders most stacking techniques devised for leaded packages inapplicable for CSP stacking.
A variety of previous techniques for stacking CSPs typically present complex structural arrangements and thermal or high frequency performance issues. For example, thermal performance is a characteristic of importance in CSP stacks. Further, many stacking techniques result in modules that exhibit profiles taller than may be preferred for particular applications.
Staktek Group L.P., the assignee of the present invention, has developed a variety of stacked module designs that employ a form standard or mandrel that can provide thermal and/or construction advantages while providing a standard form that may allow use of a flexible circuit design with a variety of CSP types and body sizes. The mandrel or form standard stack designs come in a variety of shapes and sizes and materials. Some form standards extend beyond the perimeter edge or the extent of the CSP body and thus provide a form about which the flex circuitry transits.
Stacked module design and assembly techniques and systems that provide a thermally efficient, reliable structure that perform well at higher frequencies but do not add excessive height to the stack that can be manufactured at reasonable cost with readily understood and managed materials and methods are provided.
The present invention provides methods for constructing stacked circuit modules and precursor assemblies with flexible circuitry. Using the methods of the present invention, a single set of flexible circuitry, whether articulated as one or two flex circuits, may be employed with CSP devices of a variety of configurations either with or without form standards.
The invention is used with CSP packages of a variety of types and configurations such as, for example, those that are die-sized, as well those that are near chip-scale as well as the variety of ball grid array packages known in the art. It may also be used with those CSP-like packages that exhibit bare die connectives on one major surface. Thus, the term CSP should be broadly considered in the context of this application. Collectively, these will be known herein as chip scale packaged integrated circuits (CSPs) and preferred embodiments will be described in terms of CSPs, but the particular configurations used in the explanatory figures are not, however, to be construed as limiting. For example, the elevation view of
Typical CSPs, such as, for example, ball-grid-array (“BGA”), micro-ball-grid array, and fine-pitch ball grid array (“FBGA”) packages have an array of connective contacts embodied, for example, as leads, bumps, solder balls, or balls that extend from lower surface 22 of a plastic casing in any of several patterns and pitches. An external portion of the connective contacts is often finished with a ball of solder. Shown in
Flex circuits 30 and 32 are shown in conjunction with CSP 18. The entire flex circuit may be flexible or, as those of skill in the art will recognize, a PCB structure made flexible in certain areas to allow conformability around CSPs and rigid in other areas for planarity along CSP surfaces may be employed as an alternative flex circuit in the present invention. For example, structures known as rigid-flex may be employed. More than one flex circuit may be employed to implement the connections between constituent CSPs in a module.
As shown in
Where employed, form standard 34 is disposed along a surface of a CSP even if literally separated from that surface by adhesive, for example. In this embodiment, form standard 34 is attached to flex circuits 30 and 32 with adhesive 35 and as shown, adhesive 35 has a portion 35B that extends beyond the extent of the form standard and about one major side of the flex circuitry.
Form standard 34 may take many configurations, but in preferred embodiments herein, it is substantially planar. A preferred embodiment is shown using a form standard 34 having a lateral extent smaller than the lateral extent L of CSP 18. Other embodiments may have a form standard 34 with a lateral extent larger than CSP 18. Other embodiments that employ form standards have a downward opening form standard shown in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/453,398, filed Jun. 3, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,914,324, commonly owned by Staktek Group L.P., the assignee of the present invention. In some cases, embodiments that employ downward opening form standards that are disposed across the upper surface of and arc underneath the lower surface of the CSP with which the form standard is associated may exhibit higher profiles. Module contacts 38 are shown through which a module may connect to an application environments in a preferred embodiment. Those of skill will recognize that module contacts 38 which are balls are not required to connect a module to an application environment and other connective strategies may be employed such as, for example, direct pad to pad connection schemes.
As shown in
In a preferred embodiment, portions of flex circuits 30 and 32 may be attached to form standard 34 by adhesive 35, which, in a preferred embodiment, is a laminate tape adhesive. Other methods for attaching form standard 34 to flex circuitry may be employed in the present invention including, for example, liquid adhesive. Preferably, the adhesive will be thermally conductive. The depicted adhesive 35 is preferably disposed, after assembly, over a large portion of the curve 30A connecting the depicted upper portion 30U and lower portion 30L of flex circuit 30.
The depicted edge of form standard 34 in this embodiment is outside the lateral extent of CSP 18. Other embodiments may have extend further outside. Other embodiments, such as depicted earlier, may have a form standard 34 with a lateral extent smaller than that of CSP 18. Still other embodiments do not employ a form standard.
The depiction of
Other means may be employed to position or set edges 70A and 70B and, by extension, arrays 72A and 72B. For example, flex edges 70A and 70B may be devised to be jointly fittable with each other as shown in
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/015,521, filed Dec. 17, 2004, pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/845,029, filed May 13, 2004, now abandoned pending, which application is a continuation-in-part of PCT Application No. PCT/US03/29000, filed Sep. 15, 2003, pending. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/400,309 filed Mar. 27, 2003, now abandoned, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/005,581, filed Oct. 26, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,576,992. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/015,521, 10/845,029, PCT Application No. PCT/US03/29000 and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/400,309 and 10/005,581 are hereby incorporated by reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10005581 | Oct 2001 | US |
Child | 10400309 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11015521 | Dec 2004 | US |
Child | 11258438 | US | |
Parent | 10845029 | May 2004 | US |
Child | 11015521 | US | |
Parent | PCT/US03/29000 | Sep 2003 | US |
Child | 10845029 | US | |
Parent | 10400309 | Mar 2003 | US |
Child | 11258438 | US |