Patent Grant
7319858
Set forth below is a complete list containing the names of this application and related commonly owned U.S. patent applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,213 entitled “Telecommunications System Messaging Infrastructure”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,550 for “A System for Translation and Communication of Messaging Protocols into a Common Protocol”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,181 for “A System for the Validation and Routing of Messages”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,284 for “A System for the Storage and Retrieval of Messages”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,146 for “A System for Handling Proprietary Files”(now abandoned), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,409 for “A System for Handling File Attachments”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,114 for “A System for the Centralized Storage of Wireless Customer Information”, U.S. patent application No. 10/299,552 for “A System for Customer Access to Messaging and Configuration Data”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,182 (the present application) for “A System and Method for Querying Message Information”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,934 for “A System and Method for Password Protecting a Distribution List”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,551 for “A System and Method for Providing Message Notification”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,330 for “A Methods and Systems for Routing Messages Through a Communications Network Based on Message Content”, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,549 for “A Methods and Systems for Tracking and Playing Back Errors in a Communications Network”, all of which were filed on Nov. 18, 2002.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a messaging system in which messages can be processed and routed based on a customer's particular preferences. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system in which a customer interacts with a messaging infrastructure to perform various functions.
2. Background of the Invention
Currently, the capability of a messaging system to dynamically interact with a customer is limited. In general, a messaging system facilitates the transmission of messages, such as text messages, over a communications network. For example, in a conventional pager or Mobitex system, text messages are transmitted over a wireless network. A typical messaging system does not provide a configurable interface in which a customer can interact with the messaging system. Those messaging systems that do provide such an interface limit the ability of that interface to only a few basic functions. For example, a typical messaging infrastructure does not permit a customer to query the status of a message based on a unique identifier. Further, a typical messaging infrastructure does not allow a customer to create a password protected distribution list or request a specific type of message notification. Instead, conventional messaging systems limit the functional interaction with customers to some basic routines.
Further, in a typical wireless communications system, only a fixed set of message types is supported. A particular wireless company designs its messaging infrastructure to support the various communications protocols it provides. The infrastructure of different wireless companies supports different communications protocols. In many cases, the messaging protocols of one system are unsupported by the infrastructure of another system. Moreover, due to technological progress and the integration of standard internet protocols into wireless communications, the number of different types of messages is rapidly increasing.
With the rapid expansion of different types of messages and messaging protocols, it is important to allow a customer to interact in varied and more flexible ways with a messaging infrastructure. A customer typically has a set of preferences that should be honored in order to provide satisfactory service. As the number and types of messages increases, so too does the variety of a customer's preferences. Customers often have preferences with respect to the different types of messages that they can transmit and receive. Moreover, these preferences tend to change over time as customers become more familiar with a messaging system.
In summary, customers often desire increased access to a messaging system as well as an improved set of functions with which to interact with the system. Applicants have found that existing messaging systems do not provide customers proper access to the system nor do they provide a set of functions that allow acceptable interaction. Accordingly, an improved customer interface is needed.
In accordance with the invention, a method for querying message information includes assigning a unique identifier to a message transmitted in a wireless network, providing the unique identifier to a wireless device associated with the message, receiving the unique identifier in a query request, and retrieving the message information from the wireless network based on the unique identifier.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a system for querying message information includes a computer device for assigning a unique identifier to a message transmitted in a wireless network, receiving the unique identifier in a query request, and retrieving the message information from the wireless network based on the unique identifier. The system further includes a communications device for providing the unique identifier to a wireless device associated with the message.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a computer-readable medium has computer-executable instructions for performing steps including assigning a unique identifier to a message transmitted in a wireless network, providing the unique identifier to a wireless device associated with the message, receiving the unique identifier in a query request, and retrieving the message information from the wireless network based on the unique identifier.
Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
Unless otherwise stated or evident based on the context used, the following terms and acronyms will be defined as follows:
ARC—Adaptive Routing Concentrators.
BITBUS—Backbone Integration Transport.
COS—Class of Service.
CR—Content Routers.
DART—Data Storage and Routing Terminals.
EMS—Enhanced Messaging Service.
IM—Instant Messaging.
IMAP—Internet Message Access protocol.
JBBC—JAVA database connectivity.
LAMB—Logging Administration Maintenance and Billing.
LDAP—Lightweight data application protocol.
MDS—Message Data Store.
MIME—Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
MIND—Master IT and Network Database.
MTA—Mail Transfer Agent.
MTG—Mail Transfer Gateway.
ODBC—Open Database connectivity.
POP—Post Office Protocol.
RAVE—Routing and Validation Entities.
RVDB—Routing and Validation Database.
SOAP—Simple Object Access Protocol
SCI—Subscriber Interface.
SMPP—Short Message Peer to Peer.
SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
TAP—Telecator Alphanumeric Paging Protocol.
UADB—User Alias Database.
XML—Extensible Markup Language.
Overview
A messaging infrastructure 100 serves to communicate messages from a first device to a second device. While in the prior art messaging tended to be limited to sending and receiving messages only from devices accessible from the same Short Message Service Center (SMSC), exemplary embodiments of a messaging infrastructure 100 consistent with the present invention facilitate the sending and receipt of messages between disparate (or similar) devices, many of which use different messaging protocols and formats, across a range of messaging centers and gateways. In-order to assist in this process, messages sent from a first device may be received by a first adapter, which translates the messages into a common format; published onto a network transport bus in a common messaging format; received by a second adapter, which translates the messages into a second device format; and transmitted to the second device. In this fashion messages can be transmitted between various devices having different formats and capacities.
In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the one or more routing entities are known as a Routing and Validation Entities (RAVE) 130 which may be accessed by the ARCs 110a-c to perform validation, routing and alias/distribution list functions. The RAVE 130 accesses routing information in a Routing and Validation Database (RVDB) 135 via a Backbone Integration Transport Bus (BITBUS) 132. The RAVE 130 accesses alias and distribution list data in the User Alias Database (UADB) 140. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a Master IT and Network Database (MIND) 137 may populate both the RVDB 135 and the UADB 140. The RAVE 130 returns routing information to the ARC 110a-c that requested the routing information. Through the interaction of the ARCs 110a-c, the network transport bus 125, and the RAVE 130, messages into the messaging infrastructure 100 are received, translated, routed, and transmitted to destination devices.
In addition to these elements, exemplary embodiments of the present invention may also include one or more Data Storage and Routing Terminals (DART) 145a-b (shown as DART 1, DART 2) interfaced to the network transport bus 125 for storing messaging data in a Message Data Store (MDS) 150a-c for access and retrieval at later points in time. The DARTs 145a-b access the MDSs 150a-c via a Backbone DataStore Transport Bus 108. One or more Content Routers 155 interfaced to the network transport bus 125 receive messages addressed to a particular address and redirect the messages to external devices which, for example, may return information requested in the message to the message sender. A Logging Administration Maintenance and Billing Entity (LAMB) 160 interfaced to the network transport bus 125 may log network traffic for error tracking, error replay and billing functions. Also, a Subscriber Configuration Interface (SCI) 165 interfaces to the network transport bus 125 for allowing users to access and update subscriber and messaging device information.
Exemplary embodiments consistent with the present invention may also include a Mail Transfer Gateway (MTG) 170. The Mail Transfer Gateway 170 may serve as an email gateway between the messaging infrastructure 100 and the Internet 175. To facilitate this function, the Mail Transfer Gateway may be coupled to both the network transport bus 125 and the BITBUS 132.
It should be noted that this exemplary embodiment illustrated in
Components of Messaging Infrastructure Architecture
The following summaries the particular components of the Messaging Infrastructure Hardware.
Adaptive Routing Concentrator Hardware
Messaging interface 210 is operable to pre-cache messages or post-cache messages, or it performs no caching. Caching is useful where certain messaging elements operate in such a way that messages are segmented into multiple parts. In pre-caching, incoming message segments into the messaging interface 210 are held in the messaging interface 210 until the last segment is received, prior to sending the incoming message to the processor 220. In post-caching, outgoing segmented messages from the messaging interface 210 to the message element 205 are held until the last segment is received from the Processor 220.
Messaging interface 210 is extensible such that, regardless of the messaging element 205 with which the messaging interface 210 is communicating, the messaging interface 210 can be adapted to communicate with that messaging element 205. Communication between the messaging interface 210 and the messaging element 205 may be unidirectional or bidirectional, such that the ARC 110 may send and/or receive messages with the messaging element 205. In addition, the ARC 110 may comprise multiple messaging interfaces 210, where each interface communicates with a separate messaging element 205.
The messaging interface 210 communicates with the processor 220. Regarding messages incoming from the messaging interface 210, the processor 220 operates to translate messages between the messaging element 205 format or protocol and the common format utilized on the network transport bus 125. In addition, the processor 220 generates routing requests to a router, generally a RAVE 130. In order to generate a routing request, the processor 220 may, for example, parse the incoming message from the message interface 210 to retrieve an originating address and a destination address from the incoming message. The routing request generated by processor 220 may include the origination address, destination address, and a unique transaction identification that identifies the message. The processor 220 receives a routing response via the network transport bus interface 230 that contains routing information for the received message. Based on that routing response, the processor 220 operates to route messages received from the messaging interface 210 to an appropriate destination.
Should routing responses contain requests for additional information, such as a password, the processor 220 operates to request the password via the messaging interface 210 from the messaging element 205 and verify the receipt of an accurate password prior to routing the message to its destination. The processor 220 is also operable to send message status information to the messaging element 205 via the messaging interface 210.
Regarding messages incoming from the network transport bus interface 230, the processor 220 is operable to translate the messages from the common format into the messaging element format and transmit the messages, via the messaging interface 210 to the messaging element 205.
The translation operation of the processor may be operable to store a plurality of potential messaging element formats within the ARC 110 or only the applicable messaging element format for the messaging element in communication with the ARC 110. The processor 220 may be operable to sense the appropriate messaging element format and adaptively translate the common format between the appropriate messaging element format, or the appropriate messaging element format may be configured into the processor 220.
The network transport bus interface 230 couples the processor 220 to the network transport bus 125. The network transport bus interface 230 monitors traffic along the network transport bus 125 for messages directed to the ARC 110 and places messages on the network transport bus 125 from the processor 210.
The Network Transport Bus
The network transport bus 125 is a data and control bus that operates as a multi-port switch to permit the transfer of messages between various network elements. The network transport bus utilizes a common message format for communication among and between the network elements. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the common message format may be Extensible Markup Language (XML) or MIME. While the network transport bus 125 is illustrate as a single common bus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it may be segmentable and scalable and may be physically broken with firewalls and gateways separating parts of the network transport bus 125. The network transport bus 125 may include a message broker to facilitate communication along the bus and may monitor itself for congestion or other potential problems.
In an exemplary embodiment consistent with the present invention, messaging across the network transport bus 125 may be point-to-point, multi-point, or broadcast. A point-to-point message utilizes an addressing scheme whereby the message is designated to be received by a single network element. Multi-point messaging utilizes an addressing scheme whereby a single message may be delivered to two or more specified network elements. Broadcast messaging publishes the message onto the network transport bus 125 for receipt by any or all network elements programmed to receive the message.
Exemplary embodiments consistent with the present invention may utilize a combination of subject and device addressing to send messages along the network transport bus 125. Subject based addressing tends to be broadcast based, tagging a subject address onto a message. Some or all network elements may monitor the network transport bus 125 for subject addresses of interest to that particular network-element. For instance, in generating a routing request, an ARC may append the subject address “Routing_Validation” to the header of a message broadcast on the network transport bus. Each of the Network elements interested in reading a “Routing_Validation”, such as routers or RAVEs, would read these messages off of the network transport bus 125.
Exemplary embodiments consistent with the present invention may also append a more specific network element address onto the header along with the subject address. For instance, a routing request may be addressed to “Routing_Validation.RAVE1”. In that case, RAVE1 would be the intended RAVE that would read the message associated with the routing request. Other RAVEs would likely not read the message associated with the request; however, error tracking network elements, such as a LAMB, may choose to read the message.
In addition, messages may have a plurality of headers for messages intended to be received by a variety of different network elements, i.e., a multicast message. For instance, a message sent to a distribution list of recipients may have several headers attached to the message, with each header designating an intended destination network element.
Network transport bus interfaces, such as network transport bus interface 230, may run daemons that monitor the network traffic for appropriate subject addresses and network element addresses. For instance, ARC1110a may monitor network traffic for subject addresses such as “Deliver_MSG” (for delivering a message) or “Routing_Validation_Response” (for a routing validation response). ARC1110a may also monitor any specific network addresses appended to these subject addresses looking for “.ARC1.”, in which case ARC1110a will read the message.
Routing and Validation Entity Hardware
Similarly to the operation of the ARC's network transport bus interface 230, the RAVE's network transport bus interface 310 may run daemons that monitor the network traffic for appropriate subject addresses and network element addresses. For instance, RAVE 130 may monitor network traffic for subject addresses such as “Routing_Validation” (for receiving a routing request for a message). RAVE 130, through network transport bus interface 310 may also monitor any specific network addresses appended to these subject addresses looking for “.RAVE.”, in which case RAVE 130 will read the message.
Processor 320 interfaces with the network transport bus interface 310 to receive routing requests and generate and transmit routing replies. Upon receipt of a routing request, the processor 320 may extract routing information based on the destination device address and/or the origination device address. If the destination device address is an alias or a distribution list, the-processor 320 may look-up the alias or distribution list in the UADB 140 and return one or more actual destination device addresses that correspond to the alias or distribution list.
In exemplary embodiments consistent with the present invention, the processor 320 may query an RVDB, such as RVDB 135, for routing information for each of the one or more destination device address (more than one in the case of a distribution list). The routing information may contain information, including but not necessarily limited to, the device type of the destination device, device address of the destination device, and an adapter, or ARC (110), that serves the destination device. Routing information may also include a password, if the destination device is password protected. In addition, the origination address may be used in the routing information lookup to determine if the origination device address is on a whitelist (permitted communication) or on a blacklist (barred communication). A class of service indicator may also be looked up for the destination device address, origination device address, or both to ensure that the messaging device has an appropriate class of service prior to routing the message to the destination. In addition, if the destination device address or the origination device address is associated with a prepaid subscriber, the processor 320 may verify sufficient available funds are available to route the message. Data storage options may also be looked up for either the destination device address or the originating device address. Processor 320 may return some or all of this information in the routing reply returned to the requesting ARC.
While the RAVE 130 and the ARC 110a-c have been discussed as if they were physically separate units, it is foreseen that they may function as distinct processes within a single hardware unit. In that case, communication between the ARC 110a-c and RAVE 130 might be over a logical network transport bus rather than a physical network transport bus.
In view of the high-level description of RAVES ARC's and the network transport BUS, the process by which messages are received, routed and/or delivered will now be discussed.
Message Delivery
At stage 415, the router, RAVE 130, receives the routing request and extracts routing information. The RAVE 130 may perform a look-up in the RVDB 135 based on the destination device address to extract the routing information. At stage 420, the RAVE 130 publishes the routing information back onto the network transport bus. The ARC1110a picks up the routing information from the network transport bus.
At stage 425, the ARC1110a translates the incoming message from the SMS format to the common format, which may, for example, be either XML or MIME, and appends routing or addressing information onto the common format message. At stage 430, the ARC1110a publishes the message on the network transport bus. At stage 435, ARC2110b receives the published message from the network transport bus. At stage 440, ARC2110b translates the message from the common format to the EMS format, and, at stage 445, ARC2110b transmits the message to the ESMC 115 for delivery to the destination device.
Detailed operations of the various network elements follows.
Adaptive Routing Concentrator Operation
“Routing_Validation.RAVE_ADDRESS.ORIGINATING_ARC_ADDRES S.TRANSACTION_ID.ORIGINATING_DEVICE_ADDRESS.DESTINATION_DEVIC E_ADDRESS”
where:
RAVE_ADDRESS is the address of the destination RAVE for the request. Typically, the ARC will not address the routing request to a particular RAVE, so this field will typically be “RAVE*”, meaning any RAVE;
ORIGINATING_ARC_ADDRESS is the address of the ARC originating the routing request, e.g, ARC1, ARC2, etc.;
TRANSACTION_ID is the assigned transaction identification of the message;
ORIGINATING_DEVICE_ADDRESS is the address of the originating device gathered from parsing the header information; and
DESTINATION_DEVICE_ADDRESS is the address of the destination device gathered from parsing the header information.
At stage 710, the request is published on the network transport bus.
Once the ARC publishes the routing request, its tasks relating to this message are complete until the return of a routing reply.
If an appropriately addressed routing reply is received at stage 815, at stage 820, the ARC will parse the routing reply. At stage 825, the routing reply is examined for an invalid message in the response. An Invalid message in the response may typically be of the following form:
“Routing_Validation_Response.Invalid.Reason”, where Reason could be because of, for example, an insufficient prepaid account, blacklisting, or an insufficient Class of Service (COS).
If an Invalid response is returned, at stage 830 the ARC examines the reason field to determine if it is because of insufficient funds in a prepaid subscriber's device. If so, an invalid message is returned to the originating device in stage 845. The invalid message may include the reason for the invalid message. Following an invalid message to the originating device in stage 845, at stage 875, further processing of the message is halted, so that the message is not delivered to the recipient. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, resources are not expended translating the message to the common format if the message is not going to be transmitted across the network transport bus to the destination device.
If insufficient funds are not the reason for the Invalid reply, at stage 835 the ARC examines the reason field to determine if it is because of a blacklist associated with the destination device. If so, an invalid message is returned to the originating device in stage 845. The invalid message may include the reason for the invalid message. Following an invalid message to the originating device in stage 845, at stage 875, further processing of the message is halted, so that the message is not delivered to the recipient.
If blacklisting is not the reason for the Invalid reply, at stage 840 the ARC examines the reason field to determine if it is because of an insufficient COS associated with the device. If so, an invalid message is returned to the originating device in stage 845. The invalid message may include the reason for the invalid message. Following an invalid message to the originating device in stage 845, at stage 875, further processing of the message is halted, so that-the message is not delivered to the recipient.
If none of these is the reasons for the Invalid reply, at stage 875, the message is not sent, and, typically an invalid message is sent to the originating device.
If a valid reply is received in the routing response, e.g., “Routing_Validation_Response.Valid.”, at stage 850 the reply is examined to see whether a password has been transmitted in the reply. If a password has been submitted in the reply, this is an indication that the destination device is password protected and the originator needs to supply a password to send the message. Optionally, the originating device may include a password in the original message which would obviate the need for stages 855-860. Typically the originating device will not have supplied a password. Therefore, at stage 855, a password request is sent to the messaging entity requesting a password. At stages 860 and 865, the password is received and compared to the password supplied by the routing reply. If the passwords do not match, at stages 870 and 875 an invalid password message is returned to the originating device and the message is not delivered. Optionally, exemplary embodiments consistent with the present invention may provide for multiple attempts to provide a correct password.
Assuming a valid response and a valid password, if required, processing continues at stage 540 where the message is translated into the common format.
“Deliver_Message.ARCn.DEVICE_TYPE.DESTINATION_ADDRESS.T RANSACTION_IDENTIFICATION” or “Deliver_Store_Message.ARCn.DEVICE_TYPE.DESTINATION_ADDRESS.TRANS ACTION_IDENTIFICATION”, where:
ARCn is the address of the ARC associated with the destination device. This information may or may not be in the routing reply information. If the information is in the routing reply information, then the appropriate ARC address is in this field. Otherwise, this field will contain ARC*, and each ARC will have to examine this message and internally decide whether the Device Type or Destination Address is associated with the respective recipient ARC;
Device_Type is the type of destination device. Examples include GSM, TDMA, Mobitex, FAX, etc.;
Destination Address is the destination address for the destination device;
A Deliver_Message subject is used if the message does not need to be stored in the DART. A Deliver_Store_Message subject is used if the message is to be stored in the DART.
Once the message had been published onto the network transport bus, the operations of the ARC are essentially complete. Additional exemplary embodiments of the invention may provide for feedback to originating ARCs relating to the delivered status of messages.
While the previous
At stage 1005, the monitor daemon in the ARC monitors traffic on the network transport bus. At stage 1010, the daemon examines the header of a message on the network transport bus to determine if the subject address is related to delivery of a message. Typically, it is searching for “Deliver_Message.ARCn.DEVICE_TYPE.DESTINATION_ADDRESS” or “Deliver_Store_Message.ARCn.DEVICE_TYPE.DESTINATION_ADDRESS”. If a delivery related message is found at stage 1010 and the ARCn field is left as “ARC*”, at stage 1015 the ARC will parse the common message header to pull out the Device_Type and Destination_Address entries. At stage 1020, if either of these entries has a value assigned to the ARC, processing proceeds to stage 1030.
At stage 1025, if the subject address is not related to delivery of a message and the ARC is not specifically addressed, e.g. ARC1., then the daemon continues to monitor network traffic at stage 1005. Otherwise, flow proceeds to stage 1030.
At stage 1030, the contents of the message in the common format are read from the network transport bus. At stage 1035, the header of the message is parsed to determine the destination address. At stage 1040, the message is translated by the ARC from the common format to the messaging format of the messaging entity, and at stage 1045, the message is sent to the destination device via the messaging entity.
Routing and Validation Entity Operation
In view of the detailed description of the operation of an ARC, a detailed description of the operation of the RAVE follows with reference to
where:
RAVE_ADDRESS is the address of the destination RAVE for the request. Typically, the ARC will not address the routing request to a particular RAVE, so this field will typically be “RAVE*”, meaning any RAVE;
ORIGINATING_ARC_ADDRESS is the address of the ARC originating the routing request, e.g., ARC1, ARC2, etc.;
TRANSACTION_ID is the assigned transaction identification of the message;
ORIGINATING_DEVICE_ADDRESS is the address of the originating device gathered from parsing the header information; and
DESTINATION_DEVICE_ADDRESS is the address of the destination device gathered from parsing the header information.
If a Routing Validation message is found at stage 1210 and the RAVE_ADDRESS field is left as “RAVE*”, at stage 1215 the RAVE will parse the common message header to pull out the Destination_Device_Address entry. At stage 1220, if the entry has a value assigned to the RAVE, processing proceeds to stage 1230.
At stage 1225, if the subject address is not a Routing_Validation and the RAVE is not specifically addressed, e.g. RAVE1., then the daemon continues to monitor network traffic at stage 1005. Otherwise, flow proceeds to stage 1230.
At stage 1230, the Routing_Validation message is read, and at stage 1235 the Routing_Validation message is parsed to pull out the originating device address and the destination device address. At stage 1110, routing information is extracted from the RVDB.
At stage 1321, for each of the one or more destination devices, process stages 1324-1369 are executed. If more than one device is present, this will yield a string of routing information with a header portion for each of the destination devices.
At stage 1324, the destination device is looked up in the RVDB. At stage 1327, routing information is extracted from the RVDB for the destination device. The routing information comprises at least a device address. The routing information may further comprise: a device type, an ARC address associated with the device address, prepaid subscriber flag, whitelist data, blacklist data, COS data, password data, and a data storage flag.
At stage 1330, if the origination device and/or the destination device is related to a prepaid subscriber, stage 1333 looks up balance information to determine if there is an available balance. If the balance is not available, at stage 1336, an Invalid reply is returned for the associated destination device.
If the balance is available, the RAVE may debit the origination device and/or destination devices account.
If the origination and/or destination device is not associated with a prepaid subscriber, or if the origination and/or destination device is associated with a prepaid subscriber with a sufficient balance, processing proceeds in parallel to stages 1339, 1348, and 1351.
At stage 1339, the ARC checks whether the originating address is on a whitelist for the destination device. If so, a Valid response is generated and processing continues at stage 1369. If not, at stage 1342 the ARC checks whether the originating address is on a blacklist for the destination device. If so, an Invalid response is generated and processing continues at stage 1369. If not, at stage 1345 the ARC checks whether the originating address or destination address meets the COS requirements. If so, a Valid response is generated and processing continues at stage 1369.
At stage 1348, the process checks whether a password is required for the destination device. If so, at stage 1363 a Password is returned and processing proceeds to stage 1369.
At stage 1351, the process checks whether a data storage flag is turned on for the destination device. If so, at stage 1365 a data storage flag is returned and processing proceeds to stage 1369.
At stage 1369, the various returned routing information is compiled for all destination devices associated with the message. This is used to generated the routing reply of stage 1115 (
“Routing_Validation_Response.VALIDITY.REASON.DEVICE_TYPE.D EVICE_ADDRESS.ARCn.PASSWORD.DATASTORE.TRANSACTION_ID”, where
VALIDITY generally returns either Valid or Invalid;
REASON may return the reason for an Invalid response;
DEVICE_ADDRESS returns the specific device address for the destination device;
ARCn may return the address of the ARC responsible for the device;
PASSWORD may return a password if one is required to send a message to the destination device; and
DATASTORE may return a flag if data storage should take place for the message.
Data Storage and Routing Terminal
At a high level, as set forth in the detailed description that follows, Data Storage and Routing Elements (“DART”) are used in the system of the present invention to manage the message storage and retrieval functions of the system. DART(S) also provide message routing functionality for data messages.
In an exemplary embodiment consistent with the present invention, DARTS 145a-b may be active network elements that supply business logic for storing, updating, and querying current message objects from MDS 150a-c. DARTS 145a-b, for example, can provide an interface between MDS 150a-c, and other elements of the wireless architecture that produce and query the data stored in MDS 150a-c. In the example of
One or more of the DARTs, such as DART1145a, may provide routing to one or more of the message data stores such as MDS 150a. In this manner, DART1145a, for example, may route messages or other information to one or more of the message data stores such as MDS 150a. In one exemplary embodiment, DARTS 145a-b perform routing functions which direct particular messages to a particular message data store such as MDS 150b.
One or more of the DARTs such as DART1145a, may store messages in a message data store such as MDS 150c, on a per device basis. For example, all of the messages that are associated with a particular device may be stored in a single message data store, such as MDS 150b. In that example, DART1145a may be able to detect a device type associated with a particular message and route that message to a predefined message data store. Device types may be defined based on their supporting network, such as general packet radio service (GPRS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or MOBITEX. In another embodiment of the present invention, a single DART, such as DART1145a, may be adapted to handle a certain type of message for a particular device. In this manner, DART1145a may handle all MOBITEX messages. DART1145a may then be tasked with routing all MOBITEX messages to a particular message data store. In yet another alternate embodiment of the present invention, multiple DARTs may handle multiple device types. For example, each DART 145a-b in the system depicted in
DARTS 145a-b may also be capable of handling fragmented message segments. For example, in a short messaging service (SMS) format, messages may be segmented into different parts of standard lengths. One embodiment of the DART may be capable of handling message segments so as to preserve the integrity of a message made up of message segments. For example, DART 145a may be capable of receiving numerous message segments of a single message and directing those message segments to a single message data store such as MDS 150b.
DARTS 145a-b may be capable of routing information including the originating and terminating addresses of a particular message. In a further embodiment of the present invention, DARTS 145a-b may be able to handle and direct COS data as well as context identification data on a per transaction basis. DART 145a may also be able to parse out a message header. In general, DARTS 145a-b may be capable of handling numerous data and information structures associated with a particular message.
DARTS 145a-b may be capable of querying messages and determining the current status of a message. These query and status functions may be performed on a per device basis. For example, a DART, such as DART1145a, may be able to access a message data store, such as MDS 150b, to determine the number of messages stored therein for a particular device type. Additionally, DART1145a may be capable of determining the current status of messages stored in a message data store.
One or more DARTs, such as DART 145b, may provide support for multiple database elements such as UADB 140, RVDB 135, and MDS 150a-c, as well as other internal or external databases. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, DARTs, such as DART 145b, may support call level interfaces such as open database connectivity (ODBC) or JAVA database connectivity (JDBC), database middle ware, light weight directory access protocol (LDAP) interfaces, multiplexing database requests, JAVA messaging service and JAVA naming directory information, database connection pooling, database adaptors, and format and application protocol of a database gateway. Alternate embodiments of the DART of the present invention may be able to support any one or more of these protocols and applications as well as numerous others known to those skilled in the art.
The DARTs, such as DART 145a, may provide the ability to send transactions as a remote request in which one sequential query language request is sent to one database. In other embodiments, a DART, such as DART 145b, may be able to send transactions as a remote unit of work in which many sequential query language requests are sent to one database or as a distributive request in which many sequential query language requests are sent to many databases. In this manner, one or more DARTs, for example, may be capable of querying one or more databases, such as RVDB 135, UADB 140, and MDS 150c.
DART2145b, may be capable of publishing messages to other network elements such as, for example, RAVEs, ARCs, and other DARTs. This message transfer may be accomplished via a publish and subscribe process. Additionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, the transfer of messages may be accomplished via a synchronous or an asynchronous transaction process.
DART1145a may be capable of parsing a message so that only header information without message text can be sent to a wireless subscriber. DART1145a may also be capable of responding with specific header information, message identification information, message size or length, date stamps, and message statuses. In this manner, DART 145a may be able to parse out various segments of a message and send any number of those segments to a wireless subscriber.
In a further aspect of the present invention, segmented messages can be linked together into a single transaction. For example, if a message exceeds the standard length, it would then take up more than one segment. DART 145b of the present invention contemplates treating the segmented pieces of a single message as a single transaction. In a further embodiment of the present invention, data can be parsed out of the message to convert it into different protocols.
DART 145b may also provide various storage management functions. For example, DART 145b may provide the capability of throttling the number of messages for a single wireless subscriber. In addition, DART 145b may be capable of tracking the number and size of messages a single wireless subscriber stores in a message data store such as MDS 150a. DART2145b may be capable of notifying a wireless subscriber of the number of messages stored in a message data store.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a wireless subscriber may be allotted a certain limited amount of storage in a message data store such as MDS 150a. In this manner, a wireless subscriber, for example, may be given one megabyte of data storage capability on a message data store. If the wireless subscriber exceeds the one megabyte storage limit, then DART2145b may be capable of sending the wireless subscriber a message indicating such. DART2145b may be capable of notifying a wireless subscriber that his message storage limit is about to be reached. These notification messages may be delivered through any convenient medium to the wireless subscriber. For example, the wireless subscriber may receive such a message on his pager. A further aspect of the current invention provides for storage thresholds that are dynamically modifiable. In this example, a wireless subscriber may be allocated an initial storage capacity, for example two megabytes, and then be able to increase that capacity later upon a request or upon the occurrence of a certain event.
The DARTs, such as DART1145a may be capable of supporting data replication. Further, DART 145a may be capable of supporting method replication. For example, business logic may be replicated among various DARTs and may be thus modifiable throughout all DARTs.
DARTs, such as DART2145b, may be capable of allowing a user to remotely delete e-mail from a wireless device. In this manner, a wireless subscriber may be able to access his wireless device and be able to delete, for example, an email message. DART 145a may then be able to synchronize this deletion to a mail server so that the e-mail is also deleted from the mail server. In other words, a single delete command from a wireless device could operate to erase, for example, an e-mail message from both a database and an e-mail server. In the exemplary embodiment of
The network transport bus interface 1410 couples the processor 1420 to the network transport bus 125. The network transport bus interface 1410 monitors traffic along the network transport bus 125 for messages directed to the DART 145 and places messages on the network transport bus 125 from the processor 1420.
The processor performs the operations described throughout this portion of the specification and interfaces to the backbone datastore transport bus 108 through the backbone datastore transport bus interface 1430. Through this interface and bus, the DART communicates with the message data store-entities, MDS.
The message data store entities, such as MDS 150a, may be capable of storing e-mail messages with or without attachments, text messages including, for example, short messages, instant messages, and MOBITEX messages, enhanced messages including, for example, ETSI messages, EMS messages, and NOKIA smart messages, multimedia messages including, for example, text, fax, icons, logos, animations, music, photos, media clips, or any combination of the above.
The MDS may be able to store data in a MIME or XML format. Messages may also be popped up to an external e-mail server. In this manner, a message stored at the direction of a DART, such as DART1145a, in a database, such as MDS 150a, in MIME format could be transmitted to an external device through ARC translation. Additionally, messages can be stored, for example, in a linked list format.
MDS elements 150a, 150b, and 150c, may be capable of storing messages in any convenient data format. This message storage may be capable of supporting any number of various communications protocols. In addition to MIME format, numerous other data storage formats known to those skilled in the art may be used consistently with the principles of the present invention. In addition, data may be stored in MDS 150a-c, on a per transaction basis to decrease the storage requirements for multiple devices or destinations.
MDS may be scaleable. For example, MDS 150a may be expandable beyond an initial data storage capability. Further, additional MDSs (not shown) may be added to the backbone data store transport 105 to provide additional storage capability. In this manner, not only are individual MDSs, such as MDS 150a, scaleable but so too is the storage capacity across all MDSs in the entire network.
MDS 150a, 150b, and 150c may provide security features. For example, data may be stored in MDS 150a, 150b, and 150c in any convenient encrypted format as known in the art. Other exemplary embodiments of MDS 150b, for example, may provide for redundancy to ensure no loss of data. Further, MDS 150b may be configured to ensure no duplication of records or data.
MDS elements 150a, 150b, and 150c may support both long term and transient storage. In this manner, MDS 150b may contain cache memory or any other sort of transient storage medium. Further, MDS 150b may support distributed storage and may provide a storage area network architecture. Long term storage can occur, for example, on a magnetic medium or an optical medium or other media now known or to be developed. The database architecture of MDS 150a-c, may be based on, for example, a relational model or an object oriented model. Numerous database structures are known to those skilled in the art and are possible implementations of MDS 150a-c.
MDS 150a-c may provide security features. For example, data may be stored in MDS 150a-c in any convenient encrypted format. Other exemplary embodiments of MDS 150a-c may provide for redundancy to ensure no loss of data. Further, MDS 150a-c may be configured to ensure no duplication of records or data.
MDS elements 150a-c may support both long term and transient storage. In this manner, MDS 150a may contain cache memory or any other sort of transient storage medium. Further, MDS 150a may support distributed storage and may provide a storage area network architecture. Long term storage can occur, for example, on a magnetic medium or an optical medium. The database architecture of MDS 150a-c may be based on a relational model or an object oriented model. Numerous database structures are known to those skilled in the art and are possible implementations of MDS 150a-c.
In an exemplary embodiment consistent with the principles of the present invention, an MDS may comprise three tables: a message store table, a message device status table and a transaction data segment table. In this example, the message store table, the message device status table and the transaction data segment table are each contained in a relational database. The relational database may be distributed over many different data storage entities and may be implemented in any convenient manner. For example, one skilled in the art would be able to implement the principles of the MDS on an Oracle database product.
In one embodiment, the message store table is a repository for message information. The message store table stores a transaction identifier associated with a message, a message class, a description of a the message, the number of segments in a multi-segment message, message priority, an originating address, a destination address, a class of service code, message status information, the date the message was submitted, a sequence number for the message, and a notification address for the message. The message store table has as its primary key a message identifier. This message identifier, in this example, is a unique string associated with a message.
In general, the message store table is configured to accept detailed information about a message transmitted across a messaging infrastructure 100. In this example, a unique transaction identifier is associated with each message. This transaction identifier may be in the form of a string of characters. The message class describes the type of message, such as a proprietary ring tone. For multi-segment SMS messages, the message store table stores the number of segments in the message. A message priority, in the form of a flag, may be associated with each message. In this manner, priorities may be associated with each message and delivery schemes may be established based on message priority. For example, a priority flag may be set to a priority of “urgent.” In such a case, a message with an associated priority flag set to “urgent” may receive preferential delivery treatment. The origination and destination addresses may be any form of address associated with a communications device. For example, these addresses could correspond to email addresses, IP domain names, cellular telephone numbers, fax machines, pagers, or any other type of communications device.
The MDS is capable of storing in a common format, such as MIME or XML, messages that are generated on or received by any communications device. The status information, in this example, tracks the status of a message. For example, the status information may indicate that a message was delivered. A notification address, contained in the exemplary embodiment of message store table receives an indication that a message was delivered.
The message device status table stores message and device information. In this example, the message device status table contains device type information, a routing identifier, device status, completion date, query attempts, retry attempts, the number of segments of a multi-segment message that were delivered successfully, and the number of segments of a multi-segment message that were not delivered successfully. The device type information, for example, includes the type of device and any relevant associated characteristics. The routing identifier, for example, may be a string that denotes a particular route to be traveled by a message. Device status information may include information about whether a particular device is turned on or is in use. Query attempts and retry attempts, in this example, refer to the number of query attempts made on a message and the number of attempts made at delivery, respectively. Likewise, the number of segments of a multi-segment message delivered successfully and unsuccessfully are stored so that multi-segment messages may be properly delivered. In this example, the message device status table has as its foreign key a message identifier. In this manner, the message device status table references message store table for message information.
The transaction data segment table stores information about segmented messages. In SMS messaging, the maximum length of a message segment is typically 160 characters. If an SMS message is longer than 160 characters, then it preferably will be stored in more than one segment. Each segment may be transmitted separately over a network and then reassembled at a destination. In this example, the transaction data segment table stores information about the number of segments in a multi-segment message along with the data contained in each segment. The transaction data segment table has as its primary key a segment identifier and as its foreign key a transaction identifier. In this manner, the transaction data segment table references message store table for message information.
The message store table contains the body of a message in a common format. This message body, for example, could be the text of an email message or the coding of a ring tone converted into a common format. In one embodiment of the present invention, the message body is associated with multiple destination addresses without duplication of the message body. For example, an SMS message may have as its destination numerous devices. Instead of storing the SMS message text in a data structure associated with each of the destination addresses, the SMS message text may be stored a single time and associated with the multiple destination addresses in the message store table. In this manner, message text is stored only once and the associated information, such as destination addresses, can then be used to reference the message text.
Operation of the DART in Conjunction with the ARC & RAVE
In operation, messages stored on an MDS 150a-c may flow from the MDS through backbone data store transport bus 108 to an applicable DART 145a or 145b to network transport bus 125, and then to an applicable ARC 110a or 110b. Likewise, messages may originate in an applicable ARC 110a or 110b and then flow to network transport bus 125, an applicable DART 145a or 145b, backbone data store transport bus 108, and an applicable MDS 150a, 150b, or 150c.
As discussed in previous portions of the detailed discussion, a data storage function may be enabled to trigger storage of messages in an MDS by a DART. An ARC may designate the address of a specific DART, such as DART1145a by utilizing “Deliver_Store_Message.DART1”. In this manner, a point to point communications protocol may be employed. Alternatively, a publish and subscribe protocol may be used in which case ARC 110a simply publishes the new message, for example, with a subject such as “Deliver_Store_Message.DART*” on network transport 125. Each DART may subscribe to “Deliver_Store_Message” messages.
In this publish and subscribe system, each ARC element and each DART connected to network transport 125 receives the new message. Likewise, in this example, the DART will make a storage decision based on, for example, the DEVICE_TYPE, DESTINATION_ADDRESS, or ORIGINATION_ADDRESS associated with the message. In this example, both ARC 110a and DART 145a have subscribed for these messages and both process the message. The message processing by DART 145a and ARC 110a occurs in parallel. DART 145a may then publish the message on backbone data store transport 108.
There may be many MDS elements listening for these published messages but only one is configured for the subscriber. MDS 150b stores the message at the direction of DART 145a as the DART 145a issues an “MDS_STORE.MDS2” on the Backbone DataStore Transport 108. DART 145a may also publish a “Confirm_Store” message along with the transaction ID for this message on network transport bus 106. ARC2110b is listening for this message, and once it is received, ARC2110b may transmit this confirmation status to the originator of the message.
In another example, a wireless subscriber may access a message that has already been sent to a destination and can, for example, resend, forward, query, or delete this message. In this example, a wireless subscriber sends a request to see the contents of his message mailbox. This request is sent via ARC2110b to network transport 125. ARC2110b publishes the request on network transport 125. ARC2110b may append the address of a specific DART to the published request in which case a point to point protocol is used. Alternatively, ARC2110b may simply attach a subject such as “Read_Mailbox” to the published request, without a specific element identified, in which case a publish and subscribe protocol is used.
The DART associated with the particular subscriber or device processes the request. DART2145b has subscribed to any query request and therefore receives the request from network transport 125. DART2145b then republishes this request on backbone data store transport 108. While all of the MDSs may be listening for these types of messages, only one MDS, in this case MDS3150c, processes the query request. MDS3150c receives this request because the wireless subscriber who sent this request has his information stored on MDS3150c. DART2145b may use a point to point protocol addressing the request specifically to MDS3150c. Alternatively, DART2145b may use a publish and subscribe protocol in which case the request is published on backbone data store transport 108 and each MDS listens for the request. Only the MDS associated with the subscriber, in this case MDS3150c, processes the request. MDS3150c then publishes the information about this wireless subscriber on backbone data store transport 108. DART2145b receives the information about the wireless subscriber from backbone data transport 108. DART2145b then publishes this information on network transport 125 with addressing specified for ARC2110b, in a point to point protocol. Alternatively, DART2145b may employ a publish and subscribe protocol. Since ARC2110b has subscribed for this message, it receives the information about the wireless subscriber, performs any translation functions that may be necessary, and displays the results to the wireless subscriber. In that manner, information stored in MDS3150c can be retrieved and forwarded to a wireless subscriber.
In yet another example of the operation of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a wireless subscriber may submit a request to cancel a message that is set for delivery. In that case, a wireless subscriber has received information about his current pending messages. The subscriber sees one message that is marked for delivery that he wishes to cancel so he sends a “cancel message” request. This cancel message request is sent from ARC2110b over network transport bus 125. ARC2110b transforms the cancel message request into a request that is published on network transport 125. This published request, for example, may contain the transaction ID, the subscriber ID, and the device type. ARC1110a has subscribed to any cancel message requests. ARC1110a receives this cancel message request and converts it into the proper format for the other elements of the wireless network. Both ARC2110b and DART1145a are listening for this request. DART1145a then publishes this request on backbone data store transport 108. Each MDS listens for these types of requests. MDS1150a responds to the request because MDS1150a has this particular wireless subscriber's data stored in its data storage mechanism. After MDS1150a receives the request, MDS1150a returns the requested data and publishes it on the backbone data store transport 108. MDS1150a may then delete the message. DART1145a receives the requested data and publishes the requested data on network transport 125. ARC2110b, since it subscribes to this requested data, receives the requested data, performs any translation functions, and returns the requested data to the wireless subscriber.
In still yet another example, a wireless subscriber may wish to access a message from an external IMAP/POP client. A wireless subscriber's user name and password may be used for validation. The RAVE entity may be responsible for validating the particular wireless subscriber. A wireless subscriber sends a request to retrieve external messages from an IMAP/POP mail server. This request is received by ARC2110b which may, in turn, perform translation functions. After any translation functions, ARC2110b publishes the request on network transport 125. The request may be published in the form of an update message request.
DART1145a subscribes to such “update message requests.” DART1145a receives this “update message request.” Upon receiving this update message request, DART1145a publishes on network transport 125 a “get subscriber mail information” request. RAVE 130 subscribes to get subscriber mail information request messages and receives this message. RAVE 130 searches applicable databases, such as RVDB 135 for appropriate wireless subscriber information. RAVE 130 then publishes this information on network transport 125. In this manner, RAVE 130 places on network transport 125 various information about a wireless subscriber, such as the wireless subscriber's user name, alias, preferences, and possible destination addresses.
DART1145a subscribes to the information placed on network transport 125 by RAVE 130. DART1145a receives this information and in response publishes a “get external e-mail request” on network transport 125. ARC2110b is associated with an IMAP/POP server (not shown) and to that extent, ARC2110b may perform various translation functions for the IMAP/POP server. ARC2110b subscribes to get external e-mail requests and therefore receives this request and its accompanying information and forwards the request to an IMAP/POP server (not shown) which retrieves the information from an external storage device. This retrieved information, which for example could be an e-mail message, is received by ARC2110b for any necessary translation. After ARC2110b performs necessary translation functions on the external mail message, ARC2110b publishes this email message on network transport 125.
In this example, DART2145b subscribes to such external mail messages. DART2145b receives the external message from network transport 125 and publishes the external mail message on backbone data store transport 108. All of the MDSs listen for external mail messages such as that placed on backbone data store transport 108 by DART2145b. MDS2150b contains information about the wireless subscriber and therefore receives the external mail message attributable to that wireless subscriber. MDS2150b receives the external mail message from backbone data store transport 108. MDS2150b then updates its data storage with the external mail message that it received from backbone data store transport 108. The wireless system may be configured such that one DART subscribes to new message requests while another DART subscribes to update requests.
After MDS2150b has received the last external e-mail message, DART2145b may then publish on network transport 125 a sub-messages POP message which may also contain subscriber identification. ARC1110a subscribes to receive this type of message which would contain the information about the external mail message. Accordingly, in this example, ARC1110a receives this information and the accompanying external mail message, performs any translation that may be necessary, and then returns the external mail message to the wireless subscriber.
In another example, a class of service associated with a message may not allow the body of the message itself to be read. In such a case, ARC1110a may return only a description of the message. For example, a wireless subscriber may request that a ring tone be forwarded from an external IMAP/POP server. In such a case, ARC2110b receives this request and, through the previously described method, publishes a request on network transport 125. A field associated with this message may indicate that it is a proprietary ring tone. If this is the case, ARC1110a, may return to the wireless subscriber a message indicating that the proprietary ring tone may not be forwarded.
In yet another example, a DART entity may allow a wireless subscriber to POP a message through an external IMAP/POP client. A wireless subscriber may be able to download an external message description or the whole message itself based on an associated class of service code.
In this example, a wireless subscriber requests a description of all messages stored on an IMAP/POP server. ARC1110a receives this request and transforms it into a publish request which is published on network transport 125. DART1145a has subscribed to this publish request and receives the request from network transport 125. DART1145a transforms this request into a query that is then published on backbone data store transport 108. In this case, MDS2150b has subscribed for queries and receives the query from backbone data store transport 108. Upon receiving the query, MDS2150b processes the request to return the subscriber's messages. For example, MDS2150b may be able to receive a query from backbone data store transport 108 and, through associated functions, search its associated database or databases for contents relevant to the query.
MDS2150b contains all messages associated with the wireless subscriber. MDS2150b, after processing the query, returns the information to backbone data store transport 108. DART2145b has subscribed to receive this information and receives it from backbone data store transport 108. DART2145b may then forward this information to network transport 125. ARC1110a, associated with an IMAP/POP server, has subscribed to receive this information. After receiving the information, ARC1110a transforms the information to POP responses and forwards them through the server to the IMAP/POP client of the wireless subscriber.
In yet another example of the operation of the communications system, a wireless subscriber may receive a value added message. A value added message service generates a new message for a subscriber. The value added message service may need confirmation of message delivery so that the wireless network provider can bill the wireless subscriber. As such, a short message peer to peer primitive with a registered delivery flag is sent to ARC1110a. In this example, ARC1110a extracts the destination address, origination address, and any additional information necessary, and then publishes a subscriber look-up on network transport 125. If any passwords are required for a destination or distribution list, then these can also be sent in a query published on network transport 125. RAVE 130 has subscribed for these subscriber look-up requests. RAVE 130 receives the look-up requests and performs an alias look-up and a validation request to connected routing and validation databases and user alias databases. This alias look-up and validation request may be performed using a publish and subscribe protocol or any other convenient protocol.
RAVE 130 then publishes the extracted list, the associated device types, any disallowed destinations, and any other pertinent information to the originating ARC, in this case ARC1110a, in the destination field. RAVE 130 publishes this information on network transport 125 with its destination as ARC1110a. In another aspect, RAVE 130 publishes that information on network transport 125 with a subject to which all ARCs subscribe. RAVE 130 may use a publish and subscribe protocol to communicate with ARC1110a and other ARC entities. ARC1110a has subscribed to this information and receives the list, device type, disallowed destinations, and other information and proceeds to publish on network transport 125 the message data with the extracted destinations and associated device types. ARC1110a may also return failed destinations to the originating value added message service.
DART1145a and ARC2110b have subscribed for this message. For example, a device type of SMSC associated with ARC2110b may be included in the destination. ARC2110b may then convert this message to an SNPP and perform any transformations required based on message type, device type, and SMSC type. DART1145a, via backbone data store transport 108, may then publish this message to MDS1150a for storage. MDS1150a stores the message. MDS1150a may return the confirmation of storage by publishing it on backbone data store transport 108. DART1145a, by subscribing to confirmation messages, receives the confirmation and publishes it on network transport 125. ARC1110a, by subscribing to this type of confirmation message, receives the confirmation message from network transport 125. A confirmation is then forwarded from message data store transport 116, via backbone data store transport 108, DART1145a, and network transport 125, to ARC1110a via a publish and subscribe protocol, point to point protocol, or any other convenient method.
The SMSC acknowledges receiving the SMPP message and returns an acknowledgement. ARC2110b, associated with the SMSC, publishes this acknowledgement on network transport 125. DART2145b listens for this acknowledgment and, based on the originating address, adds this acknowledgement to the stored transaction in MDS1150a. This can occur, for example, by DART2145b receiving from network transport 125 the acknowledgement and then publishing the acknowledgement on backbone data store transport 108. MDS1150a, because it subscribes to the acknowledgment associated with this particular wireless subscriber, receives the acknowledgement and adds it to the stored transaction.
MDS1150a may then return a completed transaction message by publishing it on backbone data store transport 108. DART2145b may then receive this completed transaction message and publish it on network transport 125. The completed transaction message may then be received by ARC2110b associated with the SMSC. In this manner, the SMSC can receive confirmation of delivery and generate a receipt. This receipt may then proceed through ARC2110b to network transport 125. ARC2110b, after performing any necessary translation functions, may publish the receipt on network transport 125. DART2145b, has subscribed to receive the receipt published on network transport 125. DART2145b, after receiving the receipt, publishes it on backbone data store 108. MDS1150a, because it is associated with a particular wireless user, adds the receipt to the message transaction. The status of the message can be updated in MDS1150a.
Operation of the DART
At stage 1605, a DART element receives a request from the network transport bus. This request may be specifically addressed to a particular DART in a point to point protocol or may contain a subject header in a publish and subscribe protocol. Upon receiving the request, the DART element then determines which function to execute. At stage 1610, the DART element determines whether the request is a store request. Typically, a string of characters in the request heading or the request itself denominates the type of request. For example, a request containing the string “DELIVER_STORE” indicates that the request is to deliver a message and to store it. In another example, the string “STORE” contained in a request indicates to a DART entity that the request is a store request.
If the DART entity determines that the request is a store request, then the DART entity performs a store function as indicated in stage 1615. If the request is not a store request, then the DART entity proceeds to stage 1620 to determine if the request is a query request. Like the store request, the DART entity examines the request, for example, for the string “QUERY.” If the request is a query request, then the DART entity performs a query function as depicted in stage 1625. If not, the DART entity proceeds to stage 1630 to determine if the request is a cancel request. If it is, then the DART entity performs a cancel function as depicted in stage 1635. If not, the DART entity, as depicted in stage 1640, determines whether the request is an external mail request. If it is, then the DART entity performs an external mail function. If not, then the DART entity, as illustrated in stage 1650, determines if the request is any other type of request. If it is, then the DART entity performs the requested function. Otherwise, the DART entity performs an error handling function.
In this manner, the DART entity determines the type of request and performs the associated function.
At stage 1720, the DART determines whether the request contains a DART specific address. For example, a request may contain a subject followed by a specific DART address such as “ . . . STORE.DART1 . . . . ” In this case, the specific DART address is “DART1” which indicates that the request is directed specifically to the addressed DART, DART1. If the request does not contain a specific DART address, then the request is assigned to an available DART entity. In alternate embodiments, the first DART to receive the request processes it. In yet another embodiment, the assignment of a request to a DART may be based upon real time loading information. If the request contains a DART specific address, then the addressed DART reads the request as depicted in stage 1730.
Likewise, after a request is assigned in stage 1725, a DART reads the request in stage 1730. The DART then parses the request as illustrated in stage 1735. In parsing the request, the DART may strip out a subject heading, addressing information, and message content. The flow then proceeds to the determination of the function request explained with regard to
The DART accomplishes the assignment function in any of a number of ways. For example, the DART may store the message on an MDS that contains the messages for a particular subscriber. If the message header, content, or appended information contains a specific MDS address, then the DART, as illustrated in stage 1830, places the message on the backbone datastore transport. Likewise, after assigning an MDS in stage 1820, the DART places the message on the backbone datastore transport as depicted in stage 1830. The message is received and stored by the designated MDS in stage 1835. In stage 1835, the MDS stores the message and any accompanying information in a storage device.
In stage 1840, the DART produces a confirmation message and publishes it on the network transport. For example, in the case of a store request, the DART produces a confirmation message indicating that the message has been stored. In exemplary stage 1845, the DART receives from the network transport an update message request. In one embodiment of the present invention, this update message request may contain delivery information for the message. For example, if the message is the subject of a “DELIVER_STORE” request, then a delivery confirmation may accompany the update message request to indicate that the message has been delivered. In stage 1850, the DART places the update information on the backbone datastore transport. In stage 1855, the same MDS that stored the message receives and stores the update information.
The DART accomplishes this function in any of a number of ways. For example, the DART may query the MDS that contains the messages associated with a particular subscriber. If the request header, content, or appended information contains a specific MDS address, then the DART, as illustrated in stage 1930, places the request on the backbone datastore transport. Likewise, after determining which MDS to query in stage 1920, the DART places the request on the backbone datastore transport as depicted in stage 1930. The request is received by the designated MDS in stage 1935. In stage 1935, the MDS accesses the requested information from a storage device. In stage 1940, the requested information retrieved from the MDS is placed on the backbone datastore transport. In stage 1945, the DART receives the requested information and, in stage 1950, places the requested information on the network transport.
Likewise, after determining which MDS contains the message to be canceled in stage 2020, the DART places the request on the backbone datastore transport as depicted in stage 2030. The request is received by the designated MDS in stage 2035. In stage 2040, the DART updates the corresponding record in the MDS with the cancel message information. For example, the DART, in accessing the MDS with the particular message, may delete the message from the MDS or may store information on the MDS indicating that the message is a canceled message. In stage 2045, the DART generates a confirmation message. This confirmation message, for example, contains information indicating the successful cancellation of the message. In stage 2050, the confirmation message is placed on the network transport.
After sending the get external mail request, the DART receives the external mail from the network transport in stage 2125. In stage 2130, the DART places the external mail on the backbone datastore transport, and in stage 2135, the MDS receives and stores the external mail. For example, the DART may direct storage of the external mail on an MDS that contains other messages associated with a particular subscriber. In stage 2145, the-DART determines if there is additional external mail that needs to be received. If so, then the DART receives the external mail (stage 2125), places it on the backbone datastore transport (stage 2130), and stores the mail in an MDS (stage 2135). If in stage 2145 no additional mail exists, then the DART places a sub messages popped message on the network transport as depicted in stage 2150. The DART, in stage 2155, places the external mail messages on the network transport.
The network detects the proprietary nature of the requested file in stage 2204. This detection occurs, for example, when the incoming ARC reads the origination address of the download and accesses a database of known providers of proprietary files. In a further aspect of the invention, the RAVE or DART entities may read the origination address and compare it to addresses of content providers, for example, stored in an RVBD, UADB, or MIND database. In another example, the network provider may have agreements with third party content providers under which the proprietary nature of a download is communicated to the network. This communication can be appended to the download itself or can be sent separately, for example, with a transaction identifier. In another embodiment, the various entities of the network, such as the ARC, RAVE or DART, may strip off a header from the incoming downloaded file, parse out information in that header, and determine that the download is proprietary. In yet another aspect of the invention, the content of the download itself may be checked for proprietary material against a set of commonly known proprietary objects.
The network itself may have access to a content provider's proprietary ring tones so that they can be compared to ring tones being downloaded by subscribers. In such a case, an incoming ARC is capable of detecting ring tone files and converting them into a standard format, such as MIME or XML. In other embodiments of the invention, other network entities, such as the DART or the RAVE, may be capable of ascertaining that a particular downloaded file is a ring tone file.
In stage 2206, the incoming ARC translates the proprietary file into a common format such as MIME or XML. This translation function is performed so that the file can be stored in a database residing within the network. For example, as depicted in stage 2208, a DART entity stores the converted downloaded file and accompanying information in an MDS. The file is stored in the MDS associated with a particular subscriber or device. The file may be stored in a field in a table of a database. Various storage methods, previously described, implement the routing and storage of the proprietary file. For example, the ARC that translates the file into a common format may publish the file, along with subject information, on a network transport. A DART associated with that type of file or device or that particular subscriber receives the file from a network transport. The DART then stores that file along with accompanying information in an MDS. As noted, the routing of the file from the ARC to the MDS may occur with a publish and subscribe protocol or with a point to point protocol.
In stage 2210, a flag contained in an MDS is associated with the file. This flag, for example, may be a flag that denotes that the file is copyrighted. In this manner, a copyright flag, contained in an MDS database, can be set to indicate that the file is copyrighted. The data structure may be implemented to contain a copyright flag. In another embodiment, the message class portion or the class of service portion of the message store table may be used to indicate that a file is proprietary. The file and associated flag, for example, are stored together in the same database along with other message information. For example, a DART associated with the MDS containing a particular subscriber's messages stores the proprietary file, in common format, in the message store stable. The DART, in this example, also stores information about the message in the fields depicted in the tables. For example, the DART stores a description of the file, a transaction identifier, the number of segments, and other information associated with the file in the message store table. In a similar manner, the DART stores device-type information in a message portion of a device status table. In this embodiment of the invention, the file itself along with accompanying identifying information is stored in an MDS.
As shown in the examples of stages 2212 and 2214, when a subscriber attempts to access the proprietary file stored in an MDS, the network limits the access to that file. In one embodiment of the invention, the DART entity recognizes the proprietary or copyright flag associated with the file and sends a communication directing other elements of the network to block certain functions such as the forward function. For example, a subscriber may have purchased the use of a proprietary file for a particular device. The subscriber stores the file in the network and accesses it from that particular device. The device could be a pager, cellular phone, personal computer, or any other device that interfaces with the network. As such, the device may have the capability of forwarding messages. If the subscriber attempts to forward the message from one device to another, the forward function is blocked by the network. In this manner, the network preserves the proprietary nature of the file. This blocking is accomplished, for example, by network elements such as the ARC, RAVE, or DART that recognize the proprietary or copyright flag associated with the file. In such a case, these elements block certain functions, such as send, forward, or copy, so that the proprietary file is not duplicated.
In other embodiments, other network entities may be tasked with limiting access to the proprietary file. For example, the outgoing ARC may recognize the proprietary or copyright flag and block certain functions. In one example, a subscriber seeks to access a proprietary file from a personal computer connected to the Internet. The subscriber accesses the network via the Internet. As previously described, a subscriber can list messages stored in an MDS on a web page displayed on that subscriber's personal computer. In one embodiment of the invention, a proprietary file may only be listed by name on the displayed web page with a notice that it is improper to copy the file. The web page may thus limit the subscriber access to the file. For example, a subscriber may only be able to view the file and not copy it. In this manner, a read only copy of the file may be transmitted from the MDS, through an associated DART, through an ARC for translation and out to a web page. In another embodiment, the web page may block other functions such as the forward or send functions.
In another embodiment, a subscriber may have downloaded a proprietary ring tone to his cellular phone. Since cellular phones have a limited amount of memory, the subscriber may store the ring tone on the network, for example in an MDS, for later use on the same phone. The subscriber, using the same phone, may then access the ring tone at a later date and reload it onto that phone. An MDS stores the ring tone itself and other information such as the device to which it was first downloaded. In this manner, the ring tone is associated with a particular device—in this case the cellular phone to which it was initially downloaded. Therefore, the network, in this example can limit access to the ring tone only to the phone to which is was initially downloaded. However, if the subscriber attempts to load the ring tone on a different device, the information stored in the MDS permits the network to block access to the ring tone by that different device. In this manner, the network preserves the proprietary nature of a file.
In stage 2304, the wireless network detects the attachment. This detection may be accomplished by numerous entities of the wireless network such as an ARC, a RAVE, or a DART. In one embodiment, an ARC entity upon receiving the message and attached file detects the presence of the attached file. In another embodiment, the Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) or Mail Transfer Gateway (MTG) detects the attached file upon receipt of the message and attached file from the Internet. In yet another embodiment, a DART detects the attached file in the process of storing the message and attached file on an MDS.
The detection of the attached file, regardless of the entity responsible for detecting it, may be accomplished in numerous ways. In one example, the header of the message is read to discover that a file is attached. For example, an email message may contain a Microsoft Word document as an attachment. Information about the presence of the attachment may be incorporated into the header of the email message. A network entity, such as an-ARC, DART, or MTA, in this example, reads and interprets the message header. In this manner, the network entity detects the presence, and possibly the type, of the attachment. In another embodiment, a network entity determines the size of the incoming message and attachment. Since many attachments are large, the network entity may assume that any incoming message that is of a sufficient size contains an attachment. For example, an email message may contain a picture attachment that is two megabytes in size.
The network entity, such as an ARC, DART, MTG, or MTA, that receives the email message and attachment may be able to estimate the size of the attachment. In yet another embodiment, a network entity may read the attachment itself to discover its type. In this example, the ARC that receives the message and attachment converts both into a standard format such as MIME or XML for storage on the network. The receiving ARC in translating the attachment reads the type of attachment. For example, an ARC that receives an email message with a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet as an attachment converts that email message to a common format. In addition, that ARC or another ARC that specifically handles an attachment of that type converts the attachment to a common format for storage in an MDS.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, a network entity, such as an ARC, RAVE, DART, MTG, or MTA, detects the type of attachment. In this example, a message with an attachment is received by a network entity. That network entity detects the attachment type, for example, by reading the message header, reading the message itself, reading the attachment, reading information associated with the message, reading information associated with the attachment, or in any other convenient method. In this example, the network ascertains the type of attachment so that it can be sent to the proper forwarding address.
In stage 2306, the wireless network accesses the subscriber's information for a forwarding address. In this example, a network obtains the forwarding address from a database residing on the network. For example, a RAVE entity may access a UADB or RVDB for the forwarding address associated with that subscriber.
In one aspect of the invention, a subscriber is able to associate different forwarding addresses with different types of attachments. For example, a subscriber may associate a fax machine for attachments that contain text and a color printer for attachments that contain pictures. The attachment may be automatically forwarded back or pre-programmed instructions. In another embodiment, a subscriber may be able to designate a forwarding address after being notified by the network that he has received a message with an attachment. In this manner, the network may inform the subscriber, possibly on his wireless device, that he has received a message with an attachment of a certain type. The network, via one or more of its entities, may then prompt the subscriber for a forwarding address. This address can be in the form of an alias stored in an database residing on the network. For example, a subscriber is sent a message with a database attachment. The network informs the subscriber of the message and the attachment type and prompts the subscriber for a destination address. This prompt, for example, appears on the subscriber's pager. The subscriber sees the prompt and enters as a forwarding address the alias “fax.” The wireless network recognizes the alias “fax” as a specific address associated with the subscriber's fax hook. In one embodiment, the wireless network accesses a subscriber's profile information stored in a UADB, RVDB, or MIND and retrieves the forwarding address associated with the alias “fax.” The attachment is then forwarded to the subscriber's fax hook.
In stage 2308, a DART entity stores the message and attachment in an MDS. In one embodiment of the invention, the message and attachment, converted into a common format by an ARC, is published on a network transport. A DART associated with the subscriber, for example, receives the message and attachment and then stores it in an associated MDS. As detailed previously, the message may occupy one portion of an MDS, the attachment may occupy another portion of the MDS, and accompanying information may be associated with the message and attachment in the MDS. For example, the attachment type may be stored in the MDS along with the attachment.
In stage 2310, the message and attachment are sent to the forwarding address. In one aspect of the invention, the message and attachment are retrieved from an MDS and published on the network transport by the DART with a forwarding address. An ARC receives the message, attachment, and forwarding address and performs translation functions. The receiving ARC is associated with the particular device to which the message and attachment are forwarded. For example, the network may contain an ARC that performs translation functions associated with a fax-machine. In this manner, an attachment may be converted by an ARC from a standard format, such as MIME or XML, into a format suitable for a fax machine. In this case, the subscriber is forwarding the attachment to a fax machine. After translation, the ARC, for example, sends the translated attachment to an MTA along with the forwarding address. The MTA may then send the attachment, in a suitable format, to the fax machine.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, an attachment may be held in the MTA and not translated into a common format. For example, an incoming email message with an attachment may be stored temporarily in an MTA. The message itself may be sent to an ARC for translation. The message, but not the attachment is processed by the network. An ARC receives the message, translates it, and places it on a network transport, for example, with a validation request. A RAVE receives the validation request and validates the destination address for the email message. The email message is properly addressed to a subscriber's wireless device. The RAVE returns a validation response to the network transport, possibly with the originating ARC as the destination for the response. In this manner, the communication between the RAVE and the ARC may be based on a point to point protocol. In another embodiment, the RAVE may simply publish the response on the network transport with a subject such as “validation response.” In a publish and subscribe protocol, all ARCs connected to the network transport subscribe to the subject “validation response” and all ARCs look at the response. The originating ARC receives the response after looking at information the response contains and confirming that the response is intended for it.
After receiving the validation response, the originating ARC publishes on the network transport a message with the subject “get forward address.” This message is received by a RAVE. The RAVE accesses the subscriber's profile, stored for example in a UADB or RVDB, to obtain an address to forward the attachment. The RAVE returns the address to the originating ARC. The ARC passes the address to the MTA so that the MTA can forward the attachment to the subscriber's specified forwarding address. The attachment is not stored within the network but is instead sent to a device at a forwarding address.
In stage 2312, the subscriber receives an acknowledgement that the attachment has been forwarded. The network has forwarded the attachment and generated an acknowledgement message. This acknowledgement message is sent to the subscriber, for example, on his wireless device. In another embodiment of the invention, a subscriber may be able to designate the type of acknowledgement he receives as well as the destination for that acknowledgement. The subscriber may receive an acknowledgement message on his wireless device and also at his personal email account. In yet another aspect of the current invention, the acknowledgement message may contain information about the attachment, the successful receipt of the attachment by the device to which it was forwarded, or any other relevant information. In another aspect of the invention, the subscriber may not receive an acknowledgement message.
The Mail Transfer Gateway (MTG)
RAVE 130 interfaces with DART 145a through network transport bus 125. RAVE 130 interfaces with RVDB 135 and RVDB22470 through BITBUS 132. Network transport bus 125, for example, acts as a communications channel between DART 145a and RAVE 130. Likewise, BITBUS 132 acts as a communications channel between RAVE 130 and RVDB 135 as well as RVDB22470.
RVDB 135 and RVDB22470 interact with RAVE 130 via BITBUS 132. RVDB 135 and RVDB22470 are also interconnected to RAVE 2450 and UADB 2460 via BITBUS 132. BITBUS 132 serves as a communications channel between RVDBs 136 and 140 and RAVEs 128 and 2450 as well as UADB 2460.
ARC1110a interfaces with DART 145a via network transport bus 125. ARC1110a is interconnected to RAVE 130 through network transport bus 125. Network transport bus 125 serves as a communications channel between ARC1110a and DART 145a as well as RAVE 130. Additionally, ARC1110a interfaces with short message service center 105. In one embodiment of the present invention, short message service 105 is responsible for delivering messages to mobile devices using a store and forward approach.
MTG 170 serves' as an e-mail gateway to a data network. All inbound and outbound customer internet traffic may use mail transfer gateway 170.
MTA 2420 may support SMTP and communicate with other MTAs (not shown) and other e-mail servers (not shown) to send and receive mail messages to and from the Internet. MTA 2420 may reside outside of a network firewall depicted by firewall 2430. In this manner, firewall 2430 serves to protect the remainder of the messaging network infrastructure 100.
In one embodiment consistent with the principles of the present invention, MTA 2420 may perform validation on origination addresses from a RAVE entity such as RAVE 2450 while also performing White list and Blacklist lookups. MTA 2420 may perform some or all of the validation procedures that, for example, RAVE 2450 may be capable of performing. MTA 2420 may utilize one or more database protocols to validate and readdress e-mail messages.
MTA 2420 may perform validating functions using data stored in UADB 2460. UADB 2460 is a replicated database which contains a complete set or a subset of data contained in, for example, the MIND database (shown in
Data contained in UADB 2460 may be stored in a database contained within MTA 2420. In that example, UADB 2460 either may not be present or may be incorporated within MTA 2420. MTA 2420 may be capable of storing (permanently or temporarily) or caching subscriber information. In another embodiment of the present invention, MTA 2420 and UADB 2460 may be separated by firewall 2430 for security purposes.
MTA 2420 may also provide anti-spamming functions. For example, MTA 2420 may include the capability to allow or bar specific Internet IP addresses, domains, and hosts from delivering e-mail to MTA 2420. In this example, MTA 2420 may be capable of silently dropping incoming e-mail messages without further delivery requirements. MTA 2420 may be capable of filtering, reducing, or eliminating unwanted and unsolicited e-mails from reaching messaging subscribers.
MTA 2420 may support many different anti-spamming techniques. For example, MTA 2420 may be capable of validation based upon a sender's e-mail address. In this manner, MTA 2420 may be capable of blocking spam messages from a particular e-mail address. Further, MTA 2420 may be capable of limiting the number of connections made by a host per second. Further, MTA 2420 may be capable of accessing a national database of known spammers or other content protection databases. MTA 2420 may be capable of accessing a system-wide Blacklist to deny service to purveyors of spam. MTA 2420 may be capable of protecting existing domain names of a particular messaging provider. Further, MTA 2420 may be capable of determining and blocking spamming by use of war dialing attacks. In addition, MTA 2420 may be capable of detecting spam messages based upon the content of an e-mail using a list of regular expressions. MTA 2420 may be capable of detecting previously unidentified spam messages based upon the volume of similar e-mail from an originating address. Further, MTA 2420 may be capable of verifying the text of an e-mail for spamming by using a check sum or a counter for email text that is processed, for example, by removing white space, by converting email text to lower case, or by common keywords.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a messaging subscriber may be capable of altering his user profile to avoid receiving spam e-mail messages. MTA 2420 may allow a user to format the messages he receives. For example, a messaging subscriber may not wish to have the header of a text message or e-mail displayed on his messaging device and may specify such. Other configuration options are within the scope of operation of MTA 2420. For example, a messaging subscriber may also be able to configure the messages he sends so that they are also displayed on a receiving device in a particular format.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a messaging subscriber may be able to configure a user profile so that he receives message segments (typically limited to 160 characters) one at a time. This may be advantageous because messaging subscribers are typically charged for each segment received. A messaging subscriber who receives the first segment of a multi-segment message may not wish to receive subsequent segments. Thus, by altering the user's profile, MTA 2420 may provide that a messaging subscriber receives only the first message segment of a multi-segment message.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, MTA 2420 may support and host multiple domain names with each domain providing separate mail handling capabilities. For example, a domain name may be associated with a certain set of mail handling rules. These rules, for example, may include stripping the header information from an e-mail message, supplying only the text of an e-mail message with sender information, replacing a sender address with an 18-digit address, replacing the entire message text with a canned message depending upon the address of the sender, or any other mail handling process. Thus, MTA 2420 allows the subscriber to get rules for receipt of e-mail based on the origination address.
MTA 2420 may provide the ability to allow mobile devices or messaging devices to reply to e-mail messages. An exemplary embodiment of MTA 2420 may enable a “reply to all” functionality for a two-way messaging data device. In a further example, MTA 2420 may support delivery and read receipts of e-mail messages. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, MTA 2420 may be capable of handling replies to messages that are addressed to a group.
In one example, when an e-mail is received, the originator's address may be captured by MTA 2420. This origination address may be sent via ARC 2440 to network transport bus 125. The final destination may reply to this e-mail. Network transport bus 125 may then be configured such that this reply message is delivered to the originating MTG, such as MTG 170. MTG 170 could then extract the original e-mail address and forward the e-mail to MTA 2420. From this point, MTA 2420 may forward the e-mail through firewall 2410 to the Internet 175.
In yet another further embodiment of the present invention, MTA 2420 may provide the ability to allow a mobile device to send the same message to multiple recipients. In this manner, a messaging subscriber may be able to define a distribution list, which may be stored in UADB 2460 or its replica, for use by MTA 2420 in sending an e-mail to the Internet 175. A messaging subscriber's distribution list, for example, could be a numeric list, an alphanumeric list, or any other type of list. For example, a messaging subscriber may denote a particular word that can be associated with various destination addresses. These destination addresses could correspond to messaging devices, standard Internet e-mail addresses, or any other message receipt location. In this example, when a messaging subscriber uses the specified word in sending an e-mail message, that e-mail message could then be sent to all of the destination addresses associated with that word. A messaging subscriber could denote the word “home” to be associated with three different destination addresses. In this example, when the messaging subscriber sends a message to “home,” that e-mail message would go to the three associated destination addresses set forth in the definition of the “home” group. These destination addresses may correspond to any number of similar or distinct devices.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, MTA 360 may provide the ability to readdress outgoing e-mail based upon a subscriber's alias preference which may be contained in UADB 2460. For example, a messaging subscriber who sends a message from his messaging device may wish to have that message appear as though it came from a different origination address. In this manner, an e-mail sent from a particular messaging device may appear to its recipient to have been sent from a different device, for example, a personal computer instead of that user's interactive pager.
MTA 2420 may support standard e-mail protocols, such as SMTP, LDAP, IMAP, or any other e-mail protocol. Further, MTA 2420 may support standard API interfaces such as MAPI.
MTA 2420 may be capable of returning various routing information about e-mails. For example, MTA 2420 may provide alias look-up or extraction of destination addresses for a given alias. MTA 2420 may interface with UADB 2460 or its replica in order to perform this look-up or extraction function. In another example, MTA 2420 may be capable of looking up a distribution list. This distribution list may be stored within MTA 2420, within UADB 2460, or in any other network database. In addition, MTA 2420 may provide e-mail addressing as well as alias or types of aliases. In a further embodiment, MTA 2420 may be capable of extracting validation information for a given destination address. MTA 2420 may perform this extraction function by looking up validation information on a database such as UADB 2460.
MTA 2420 may provide an appropriate return message to a sender's email address depending upon a particular error condition; and in this manner, provide error handling functions for SMTP and other protocols. In a further aspect of the present invention, MTA 2420 may be capable of informing the originator of an email of negative acknowledgements, for example, by a messaging device or by an Internet e-mail. Further, MTA 2420 may be capable of sending error messages received from the Internet back to the originator of the e-mail message. These error messages may include, for example, the cause of the error, the destination, and the original message body. MTA 2420 may also be capable of sending a notification to the e-mail originator that a certain operation, such as a forward or fax operation, has not been successful.
We prefer that MTA 2420 contain processing rules. For example, MTA 2420 may administer White lists and Blacklists based on user preferences. Mail transfer gateway 170 may also provide the capability of creating and managing a system-wide Blacklist, for example, to control spamming. Mail transfer gateway 170 may also provide the capability of creating and managing a system-wide White list.
In one embodiment of the present invention, mail transfer gateway 170 may be capable of specifying a future delivery time for e-mail messages. For example, e-mail messages may be delivered to subscribers as they arrive at MTG 170. MTG 170 may submit e-mail messages to network transport bus 125 sequentially. In this manner, e-mail messages may be queued up in the messaging network for transmission to messaging subscribers. In another embodiment, MTG 170 may be able to schedule delivery times to messaging subscribers. In this manner, an e-mail message received by MTA 2420 may not be delivered immediately to network transport bus 125, but rather schedule delivery at a specified time. A messaging subscriber may be able to specify these delivery times.
MTA 2420 may support virus detection and cleansing for messaging devices. Further, MTA 2420 may be capable of blocking specific types of messages from unknown sites or from specific sites. MTG 170 may support multiple NIC cards for additional security. In addition to firewalls 2430 and 2410, other security measures may be implemented with MTG 170.
MTA 2420 may provide the ability to forward a message and an accompanying attachment to an e-mail address, fax server, or other device. This function is useful if a receiving device is not able to provide adequate viewing capability for an attachment. The user may send the e-mail attachment or the e-mail along with the attachment to another device to be viewed, printed, or stored. MTA 2420 may be capable of providing this forwarding function.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, MTG 170 may provide multiple interfaces between MTA 2420 and various ARC, RAVE, and LAMB entities. A single MTA, such as MTA 2420, may interface with multiple RAVE, ARC, and LAMB entities. MTA 2420 may support LDAP, work across a firewall, and use multiple LDAP connections for redundancy.
MTG 170 and its subcomponent MTA 2420, may support various protocols. For example, MTA 2420 may be utilized in conjunction with multiple WEGs and may support SMTP to SMPP conversion as well as connection to SMSCs. Further, MTA 2420 may support transformation protocols such as, for example, SMTP, SMPP, XML, or any other convenient protocol. In a further embodiment of the present invention, MTA 2420 may be operational via a Telnet port. Further, MTA 2420 may implement a secure log-in procedure.
ARC1110a and ARC 2440 may forward e-mail messages to network transport bus 125. In one configuration, the delivering ARC, such as ARC 2440, may be aware that these are e-mail destined messages and format them accordingly. For example, ARC1110a and ARC 2440 may extract a destination address, extract a subject, and extract the body from the text payload of an SMS message. For SMS messages, the e-mail destination address as defined in Internet standards may be the first continuous set of alphanumeric characters of the message up to the first space or blank. In this manner, ARCs 110a and 2440 may be able to parse out a destination address from an e-mail.
ARCs 110a and 2440 may be capable of formatting an e-mail message based on the final destination device type. If a device is an SMS handset that does not support concatenated messages, then ARC1110a or ARC 2440 may split the message into segments or truncate the message. If the e-mail message is segmented, then a segment identification number, maximum number of segments, and current segment may be included in each message for delivery. In this manner, an ARC, such as ARC 2440, may be capable of formatting a segmented message as well as handling multiple segments of a multi-segment message. If a messaging device does not support e-mail attachments, then an ARC, such as ARC 2440, may include a remark indicating the number and type of attachments. In this manner, the ARC entity, such as ARC 2440, may be capable of handling message attachments based on particular device types.
If the frequency does not exceed the specified limits, then the MTA determines if the message is a spam message based on its content as illustrated in stage 2750 by searching for common words and phrases that may indicate a repetitious message. If the MTA determines that the message is spam based on its content, then the message is not delivered and access is denied as shown in stage 2760. If not, then the flow proceeds to stage 2540 in which the MTA performs formatting functions.
Master IT & Network Database (MIND)
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the Master IT and Network Database (MIND)-is responsible for providing subscriber information to other network elements. The subscriber information, for example, can be used for routing messages, for the validation of services, and for enabling other data services.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the MIND may function to centralize existing short message service center subscription databases. In addition, the MIND may provide database replication and distribution. The MIND may be capable of receiving in bulk existing subscriber data including, for example, distribution lists, black lists, white lists, and alias addresses. The MIND may also support interaction with a Routing and Validation Entity (RAVE). MIND may support LDAP as required by other components of the wireless infrastructure 100.
Consistent with the principles of the present invention, one embodiment of the MIND may act as a central storage database for account information, device information, network information, messaging attributes, and various other information pertinent to wireless communications. The MIND serves as a centralized storage point for various wireless subscriber information in a wireless network architecture.
MIND is scalable, redundant, and expandable. The MIND may be comprised of a single database or a series of interconnected databases. The MIND may be located in any convenient location so that it is accessible by other elements of the wireless network infrastructure 100. Various database architectures may be used to implement the MIND. These architectures are within the scope of knowledge available to one skilled in the art.
Web interface 2812 is accessible by subscribers 2858 via communications channel 2854. Communications channel 2854 may comprise either a cable-based or wireless Internet communications channel. For example, wireless subscribers 2858 may be able to interface via web interface 2812 with IT business logic 2804 and MIND database 137 via a web page on a personal computer. Alternatively, wireless subscribers 2858, through wireless communications channel 2854, may be able to interface with web interface 2812 and IT database business logic 2804, to alter various fields in the MIND database 137. A user friendly web interface 2812 may be provided for wireless subscribers 2858 to configure personal profiles. Web interface 2812 may include applications that utilize subscriber information, such as a customer self-management site.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, wireless subscribers 2858, via web interface 2812, may be able to alter a user profile comprising fields of a replica of MIND database 137. In this manner, wireless subscribers 2858 are blocked from direct access to the centralized storage facility of MIND database 137. Incremental and bulk update methods, described below, may then be used to update MIND database 137 from one or more of its replicas.
Data service application 2862, in the exemplary embodiment of
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, data service application 2862 may interface with a replica of MIND database 137. This replica may contain all or a subset of subscriber information contained in the fields of MIND database 137. Information such as wireless device type and other user preferences may also be used by data service application 2862 in order to configure the appropriate execution of a data service application.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, provisioning system 2808 interfaces with information technology database business logic. Provisioning system 2808 may also interface with a backbone provisioning transport 2816. In this example, provisioning system 2808 receives automated notifications of updates to subscriber information and relays those updates to replica databases through a data distributor (not shown). In this manner, provisioning system 2808 serves as a portion of the information technology infrastructure 100 used to update replica databases such as network subscriber data replica 2872.
In this example, backbone provisioning transport 2816 interfaces with provisioning system 2808. Backbone provisioning transport 2816 may also interface with network database business logic adapter 2828. Backbone provisioning transport 2816 acts as a bus for the transfer of data contained in the MIND database 137 to replica databases such as network subscriber data replica 2872.
Network database business logic adapter 2828 interfaces with backbone provisioning transport. Likewise, network database business logic adapter 2828 interfaces with backbone integration transport 132. Network database business logic adapter 2828 uses business rules and an application programming interface to access subscriber databases in the network. The business rules and application programming interface of network database business logic adapter 2828 may be common with those of IT database business logic 2804. In an alternate embodiment, the business rules and application programming interface of network database business logic adapter 2828 may be different than those of IT database business logic 2804.
Backbone integration transport 132 communicates with network database business logic 2852, 2864, and 2876. In alternate embodiments of the present invention, any number of network database business logic modules, such as network database business logic 2852, may be connected via bus connectors to backbone integration transport 132. Backbone integration transport 132 is a bus that is used to integrate applications and network elements across the network.
Network database business logic 2852 communicates with RVDB 135. Network database business logic 2864 interfaces with network subscriber database replica 2872. Network database business logic 2876 interfaces with network data distributor database 2884. Network database business logic 2852, 2864, and 2876 may each contain business rules and application programming interfaces that can be used to access subscriber databases in messaging infrastructure 100.
Network data distributor 2884 may contain data structures and content that represents wireless subscriber information also contained in the MIND database 137. In this manner, network data distributor 2884 may be a replica of all or a subset of the data contained in MIND database 137. In this configuration, network data distributor 2884 may be the first database in the messaging infrastructure 100 to receive updates from the MIND database 137. Network data distributor 2884 relays and controls the distribution of data updates to other replicas in messaging infrastructure 100. Network data distributor 2884 may contain all or a subset of the data contained in MIND database 137.
In an exemplary embodiment, network subscriber data replica database 2872 communicates with network database business logic 2864. Network subscriber data replica database 2872 may contain all or a subset of the information contained in MIND database 137. In a similar manner, RVDB 135 communicates with network database business logic 2852. In this example, RVDB 135 may contain all or a subset of the information contained in MIND database 137. These two databases, 135 and 2872, thus act as replicas of at least a subset of the MIND database 137.
MIND database 137, network data distributor database 2884, network subscriber data replica database 2872, and RVDB 135 may each be accessible by other components of the network, such as the routing and validation entity (RAVE). Likewise any one or all of these databases may be accessible by outside wireless subscribers 2858 and third party data service applications 2862. MIND database 137 and the replica databases, 135, 2872, and 2884, may also provide support for other network elements such as the RAVE. In one configuration, the RAVE entity may interface only with one of the replica databases, such as the network subscriber data replica database 2872. In an alternate embodiment, one or all of the other network entities, such as the RAVE, may interface directly with the central MIND database 137. In a further embodiment, replica databases may not be necessary so that all data and information is stored in a central MIND database 137. In this configuration, wireless subscribers 2858, third party data service application providers 2862, and other network entities such as the RAVE may interface directly with one centralized database, such as the MIND database 137.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the MIND database 137, as well as the replica databases, 135, 2872, and 2884, may all be capable of accepting additional data fields. In this manner, if a wireless provider wishes to add an additional data field, for example, a data field describing a feature of a new wireless device, then the MIND database 137, as well as any applicable replica databases such as 135, can be configured to accept the new data field. In this manner, the MIND database 137, as well as the replica databases, 135, 2872, and 2884, of the example of
An example of a situation in which a new data field may be added is when a new wireless service is added to the wireless network. The design of the data fields comprising the customer profile may be able to accommodate new services by the addition of data fields to both the MIND database 137 and the replica databases, 135, 2872, and 2884. The process of adding a new service may also define how the applications that manage and operate this service will be accessed. Changes to the data fields of the MIND database 137 may allow for propagation of these new data fields or changes to other replica databases.
Subscriber databases, such as the central MIND database 137, may be located both within an information technology infrastructure 100, and, with replicas such as database 135, throughout the messaging infrastructure 100. The subscriber information may be stored in various databases within the information technology infrastructure 100, and those databases may be accessed through a set of information technology applications, such as electronic bill payment and presentment functions. Within the messaging infrastructure 100, there may be a master subscriber database, such as network data distributor database 2884, and a set of replicated subscriber databases such as network subscriber data replica database 2872. In this example, network data distributor database 2884 may be the source repository for data to be replicated to other replica network databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872. Each replica database, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872 may be a subset of the network distributor database 2884. In this fashion, network data distributor database 2884 could contain all of the data fields contained in MIND database 137.
In one embodiment of the present invention, MIND database 137 may contain subscriber profiles, including the necessary information to enable data services. This information may then be replicated throughout the messaging infrastructure 100 to other replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872 via a publish and subscribe method. Each replica database, such as network subscriber replica database 2872, may contain a subset of the information contained in the central MIND database 137 depending on the replica database's function. For example, RVDB 135 may contain a replica of a subset of the data contained in MIND database 137 or in network data distributor database, 2884. If RVDB 135 is designed to interface with an entity of the network, then this database 135 may contain only a subset of the information stored in MIND database 137 necessary for the functioning of the RAVE entity. Since the RAVE entity validates various messages, the RAVE entity may not need access to all of the data fields contained in MIND database 137 or network data distributor database 2884. In this manner, RVDB 135 may be a specialized replica database containing a subset of data needed to perform a specific function of the RAVE.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, network components, such as the RAVE, that require subscriber profile information may consult local replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872 for faster access. For example, the various entities of the wireless network, such as the RAVE and the DART, may wish to access data from the central MIND database 137 concurrently. Operational efficiencies may be achieved through replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872, in that various entities, such as the RAVE and the DART, may be able to consult local replicas rather than having to refer back to a central MIND database 137. For example, the RAVE, in initially validating incoming calls, may require various data fields stored in the MIND database 137. If the RAVE is able to access identical data fields contained in one more replica databases, then message throughput may be increased and delays may be decreased.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the MIND database 137 or any of the replica databases, such as the network subscriber data replica database 2872, may allow for the collection of usage statistics, class of service traffic, types of messages, and other call traffic information. For example, the collection of these usage statistics may be delegated to a replica database, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872, or any other replica database (not shown). In this manner, a replica database 2872 may be tasked with collecting usage statistics so that the central MIND database 137 is not burdened. In one embodiment of the present invention, data from one of the replica databases, such as the network subscriber data replica database 2872 may be passed through various components of the network back to the central MIND database 137. Alternatively, one of the replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872 may perform analyses on this usage data and then pass the results back to MIND database 137. In this fashion, two-way communication is contemplated between MIND database 137 and replica databases 135, 2872, and 2884.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, updates to data fields of the MIND database 137 may be replicated to replica databases 135, 2872, and 2884 at or near real time. Network databases such as the MIND database 137 and replica databases 135, 2872, and 2884, may also provide for automated management, for example, via a simple network management protocol.
Network data distributor database 2884, network subscriber data replica database 2872, and network subscriber data routing and validation database 135 may each be stored on a single database component or over multiple database components. In this manner, the infrastructure of the MIND database 137 may be similar to the infrastructure of the replica databases in that any database may be stored in a single component or over multiple components and tables. In an alternate embodiment, the replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872 may be stored on several different tables and databases distributed throughout the network.
In one embodiment of the present invention, network database 2902 interfaces with database business logic 2906. Network database 2902, for example, could be a MIND database 137 or any one of the various replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872. Accordingly, network database 2902 may possess some of the same features of the MIND database 137, or the replica databases 2884, 2872, and 135 previously described.
Database business logic 2906, functionally, may contain various adaptors such as integration bus adaptor 2908, lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) adaptor 2910, simple object access protocol (SOAP) adapter 2912, or any other network protocol adaptor 2914. In this example, database business logic 2906 communicates with backbone integration transport 2296 via integration bus adaptor 2908. Likewise, database business logic 2906 interfaces with an LDAP-based client 2918 via an LDAP adaptor 2910. Similarly, database business logic 2906 communicates with a SOAP client 2920 via a SOAP adaptor 2912.
Database business logic 2906 accommodates multiple adaptors for various applications or infrastructure elements. For example, the RAVE component may be able to access information stored in network database 2902 using an LDAP interface to the database. Any of a number of different existing protocols may be used in conjunction with database business logic 2906 via various adaptors such as the other protocol adaptor in 2914. For example, the CORBA protocol may be used in conjunction with database business logic 2906 with a CORBA adaptor (not shown).
In operation, the exemplary embodiment of
In the example of
All or a subset of this information may be associated with a particular subscriber. Further, the data structure on which this personal information is stored is modifiable so that new information can be added, old information can be deleted, and information can be modified. One or more new fields may be added to the subscriber profile table 3004. This new field (not shown) may then be populated with information specific to a subscriber using any convenient method. As noted previously, the data structure on which the example of
A subscriber identification number, uniquely identifying a particular subscriber, is the primary key of the subscriber profile table 3004. This primary key is a unique identification string of characters that is associated with a subscriber and may, for example, serves as an account number. The foreign keys contained in subscriber profile table 3004 include a state identifier, a country identifier, a portal identifier, a default device identifier, a status identifier, a master account identifier, and an account type identifier. Each of these foreign keys reference a primary key of a separate table in the relational database structure of
Account type table 3008 stores descriptive information about the various types of accounts provided by a wireless network provider. This information, may include the various plan names, the rate structures, quantity of air time, and other aspects of a particular type of wireless account. The primary key of account type table 3008, in this example, is an account type identifier. This account type identifier is also a foreign key in subscriber profile table 3004. Therefore, subscriber profile table 3004 references account type table 3008 for account type information.
Portal table 3024 stores portal information including a portal description and a portal URL address. The primary key of portal table 3024 is a portal identifier. This portal identifier is associated with a unique portal configuration. Other portal configurations would then have other unique portal identifiers associated with them. The portal identifier is also a foreign key in subscriber profile table 3004. Therefore, subscriber profile table 3004 references portal table 3024 for portal information.
Account status table 3028 stores account status information. The various account status types, in this example, are stored in account status table 3028. Each account status has an identifier associated with it. The primary key of account status table 3028 is a status identifier. The account status identifier is also a foreign key in subscriber profile table 3004 and referenced thereby.
A state table 3030 and a country table 3034 each store state and country information respectively. State table 3030 stores the names of each state associated with a particular country. State table 3030 has as its primary key a state identifier. Each state identifier is associated with a state name. Likewise country table 3034 has as its primary key a country identifier. Each country identifier is associated with a country name. In one embodiment, state table 3030 has as its foreign key the country identifier. State table 3030 references country table 3034 for country information. The state identifier and country identifier are also foreign keys in subscriber profile table 3004, and thus, subscriber profile table 3004 references state table 3030 for state information and country table 3034 for country information.
Subscription table 3038 stores subscription information and has as its primary key a subscription identifier. In addition, subscription table 3038 may have a mobile number as a primary key. In this case, a mobile number or a block of mobile numbers may be associated with a particular subscription. Subscription table 3038 has as foreign keys a service identifier, a device identifier, and possibly a mobile number. Therefore, subscription table 3038 interfaces with services table 3042, device table 3070, and possibly mobile subscription table 3012 for information stored in those tables.
Mobile subscription table 3012 stores information about a mobile subscription. Mobile subscription table 3012 contains information about the activation date of a subscription, the deactivation date of a subscription, an old mobile number, a MIN, an IMSI, and status information. Mobile subscription table 3012 has as its primary key a mobile number which in this example is a unique identifier. Mobile subscription table 3012 has as a foreign key a subscriber identifier. In this example, the mobile subscription table 3012 references subscriber profile table 3004 for subscriber information.
Services table 3042 stores information about services offered by a wireless subscriber. Services table 3042 has as its primary key a services identifier. Since subscription table 3038 has as its foreign key services identifier, subscription table 3038 references service table 3042 for service information.
Service attribute table 3046 stores information about the attributes associated with a service. Service attribute table 3046 stores information such as an attribute name, an attribute default, and a default value. Service attribute table 3046 has as its primary keys a sequence identifier and a service identifier. In this embodiment, the service identifier is also a foreign key so that service attribute table 3046 references services table 3042 for service information.
Device table 3070 stores information about various devices. Device table 3070 preferably contains information about the make and model of a device as well as a description of the various characteristics of that device. Device table 3070 contains a list of all possible devices used on a wireless network along with basic information about them. Device table 3070 has as its primary key a device identifier and has as its foreign key a browser identifier. Since subscription table 3038 and subscriber profile table 3004 have the device identifier as the foreign keys, these two tables reference device table 3070 for device information.
Blacklist table 3016 and white list table 3020 contain blacklist and white list information respectively. Each of these two tables has as primary keys a number identifier, a subscriber identifier, and a service identifier. In addition, the subscriber identifier and the service identifier are foreign keys in the blacklist table 3016 and white list table 3020. Blacklist table 3016 and white list table 3020 reference subscriber profile table 3004 for subscriber information and services table 3042 for services information. The blacklist table 3020 may contain information relating to a subscriber's personal blacklists as well as a system-wide blacklist. In one embodiment of the present invention, a system-wide blacklist may reside in blacklist table 3016.
A browser table 3074 stores information about different browsers. For example, browser table 3074 may contain browser descriptions, operating system descriptions, and browser versions. Browser table 3074 has as its primary key a browser identifier. Since device table 3070 has as its foreign key a browser identifier, device table 3070 references browser table 3074 for browser information.
Subservice attribute table 3066 stores subservice attribute information. Subservice attribute table 3066 has as its primary keys a sequence identifier, a mobile number, and a subscription identifier. Subservice attribute table 3066 has as its foreign keys a mobile number and a subscription identifier. In this example, subservice attribute table 3066 references subscription table 3038 for subscription information.
Alias table 3050 stores alias information. Alias information may include, for example, aliases that have been set up by a wireless subscriber. In this manner, a wireless subscriber may be able to configure aliases and associate alias names with devices or lists. Alias table 3050 has as its primary keys a subscriber identifier and an alias number. Alias table 3050 has as its foreign key a subscriber identifier. Alias table 3050 interfaces with subscriber profile table 3004 for subscriber information.
Alias destination routing table 3054 stores information about the routing destinations for an alias. Alias destination routing table 3054 has as its primary keys a subscription identifier, a mobile number, a subscriber identifier, and an alias number. These four identifiers are also foreign keys of alias destination routing table 3054. Alias destination routing table 3054 preferably references alias table 3050 for alias information and subscription table 3038 for subscription information.
Alias email routing table 3058 stores alias email routing information such as a routing enabled flag. In this example, alias email routing table 3058 has as its primary keys a subscriber identifier, a sequence number, and an alias number. These three primary keys also serve as foreign keys of alias email routing table 3058. In this manner, alias email routing table 3058 references alias table 3050 for alias information and sub email table 3062 for email information.
Sub email table 3062 stores email information. Sub email table 3062 has as its primary keys a subscriber identifier and a sequence number. Sub email table 3062 has as its foreign keys a subscriber identifier and an email type identifier. In this example, sub email table 3062 references subscriber table 3004 for subscriber information and email type table 3078 for email type information.
Email type table 3078 stores information about the type of an email. Email type table 3078 has as its primary key an email type identifier.
Referring now to
a is intended only as an example as various other data fields may also be included in the MIND or added thereto. Moreover, numerous arrangements of these data fields are well within the scope of the present invention. In
The example of
In the exemplary embodiment of
A field entitled “Signed up for DirectBill” 03 may also be stored in the MIND. In this example, the field, “Signed up for DirectBill” 03, is a yes/no field, may be used at the time of initial registration, and is not customer proprietary. Similarly, a field entitled “Signed up for Promotional Messages” may also be stored in the MIND. This field, in this example, is a yes/no field, may be used at the time of initial registration, and is not customer proprietary. The “Signed Up for DirectBill” field 03 indicates whether or not a wireless subscriber is in a direct billing program. Likewise, the “Signed up for Promotional Messages” field 04 indicates whether or not a wireless subscriber wishes to receive promotional messages. In this embodiment of the present invention, these two fields, as well as many of the other fields in the MIND, may be configurable by a wireless subscriber. In this manner, a wireless subscriber may be able to alter various fields stored in the MIND database.
With further references to
Three fields may be used to identify a particular subscriber's account. Fields entitled “Unique Account Identifier” 06, “Account Number” 07, and “Subaccount” 08 may be stored in the MIND. Each of these three fields may be used to identify a particular account. In this example, each of these fields is used at the time of initial registration, and none of them are customer proprietary.
A field entitled “Account Type” 09, stored in the MIND database, may indicate whether a subscriber's account, for example, is post paid, pre-paid, reseller, or corporate. In this manner, the “Account Type” field 09 and the “Account Status” field 05 may only accept one of a limited number of possible responses. In this example, this field is used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
A field entitled “Rate Plan” 10, stored in the MIND database, indicates the particular plan under which a wireless subscriber participates. Further, a field entitled “Feature Codes Per Device” 11 may also be stored in the MIND. Like the “Rate Plan” field 10, the “Feature Codes Per Device” field 11 may be may be used at the time of initial registration and may not be customer proprietary. The “Feature Codes Per Device” field 11, for example, indicates whether a wireless subscriber is signed up for instant messaging and, if so, what type of instant messaging code should be used. In addition, the “Feature Codes Per Device” field 11 may also indicate a particular wireless application protocol, such as, for example, general packet radio service, associated with a particular wireless subscriber profile. In this example, these fields are used at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary.
In
A “Credit Class Code” or “Spending Limit” field 15, stored in the MIND, may also be associated with a particular wireless subscriber. This field can indicate credit information about a particular wireless subscriber and may also establish preset spending limits. A “Credit Class Code” field 15 may be altered only by a wireless provider. The “Credit Class Code” field 15 may also be customer proprietary.
A “Language” field 16, stored in the MIND, indicates a particular language associated with a wireless customer. As indicated in the example of
A field entitled “Provisional Classes of Service” 17, stored in the MIND, can be associated with various games, ringtones, or other services offered to the customer. In this example, this field is not used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
A “Parental Control Password” field 18, stored in the MIND, can be used by a parent to control a child's access to a wireless device. For example, certain aspects of wireless communication associated with a wireless device may require a parental control password. In this manner, a parent can prevent a child or any other unauthorized user from participating in certain types of communications or services. The “Parental Control Password” field 18 may be used at the time of initial registration, but, like Password field 02, is customer proprietary.
In the example of
A “Device Type” field 20, stored in the MIND, indicates the particular type of device or devices that a wireless subscriber is using in a wireless network infrastructure. A particular wireless subscriber may have many devices which he uses within a wireless network architecture. A wireless subscriber may have a telephone device as well as a separate text device, both of which are used in a wireless infrastructure. In such a case, a particular user may have multiple device types associated with his profile. Each device may have a unique profile associated with it. In this manner, each device may have a certain set of fields in the MIND. In one embodiment of the present invention, different devices associated with different device types, for example, may have different rate plan structures, account numbers, or other information associated with them. In another aspect, two different devices may share the same account number, rate plan, and other user information.
In the example of
Fields entitled “Prepaid Account Server” 22 and “Prepaid Account Server Version” 23 may also be stored in the MIND. In this example, these fields store information about prepaid aspects of a subscriber's account.
In one embodiment of the present-invention, “MSISDN/MDN” field 24 indicates the mobile directory number for a particular device. “IMSI/MIN” field 25 indicates the international subscriber mobile identity or the mobile identification number of a particular device associated with a wireless subscriber. “ESN” field 26 indicates the electronic serial number of a wireless device. “SIM Version” field 27 describes the subscriber identification module type for a particular wireless device used in the wireless network. “RIM User's Name” field 28 indicates a user name associated with a wireless subscriber, specifically related to that used on a RIM device, other messaging device or wireless email device user names may be included. For example, this user name could be one of the wireless subscriber's aliases. “MAN/PIN” field 29 indicates the metropolitan area network and personal identification number associated with a particular wireless device or wireless subscriber. In one embodiment of the present invention, each of these field names is associated uniquely with a single wireless device. In this manner, a single field name may be may be used for each wireless device. All of these fields, in this example, are used at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary.
A second “Account Number” field 30 may also be stored in the MIND. Associated with this account number, for example, can be an “Account Type” field 31. The “Account Type” field 31, for example, can indicate a particular account to which a wireless user subscribes. An “Operating System” field 32 and “Memory” field 33 may describe various aspects of a particular wireless subscriber's device or account. Each of these four fields, in this example, are used at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary.
“ESN/MSN” field 34 also describes various aspects of a customer's account. In this example, “ESN/MSN” field 34 stores serial number information associated with a device. In this example, this field is used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
“Domain” field 35, stored in the MIND, associates a particular user or a particular device with a standard domain name. In this example, a user's domain is IMcingular.com. This domain may be used to associate a particular user with a particular e-mail address. In addition, a particular domain and its associated domain name address can facilitate communication between a web-based application and a wireless device. In one aspect of the present invention, a wireless subscriber may be able to send text messages from his cellular telephone to a second person at a destination e-mail address. The “Domain” field 35 may also be used in aliasing.
A series of fields describes a particular device that is connected to a wireless network. In this example, “Device Schedule” 36, “Device Make” 37, “Device Model” 38, “Device Version” 39, and “Device E-Mail Address” 40 all describe various details about a particular device that a wireless subscriber uses on a wireless network infrastructure. In this example, the “Device Schedule” field 36 indicates a particular network protocol such as Mobitex, GPRS, or Edge, for use with a particular device. The “Device Make” field 37 and “Device Model” field 38 indicate the make and model of a wireless device used on a wireless network. A “Device Version” field 39 further defines the type of device. “Device E-Mail Address” 40, in this example, is a particular e-mail address associated with a certain device. Similar to the “Domain” field 35, “Device E-Mail Address” 40 can be used in e-mail communications. In this manner, a person using a personal computer can send an e-mail over the Internet to a wireless device. In this example, “Device Schedule” 36, “Device Version” 39 and “Device E-Mail Address” 40 may be assigned at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary. “Device Make” 37 and “Device Model” 38, in this example, are used at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary.
A field entitled “IP Address” field 41, in this example, stores a GPRS address associated with a device. In this particular example, this field is not used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
A field entitled “Password Validation Required on Originator” 42, stored in the MIND, is a Boolean data field. This data field indicates whether a password may be used for a designated application. The “Password Validation Required on Originator” field 42 is not used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary. A field entitled “Password for Distribution List Access” 43, stored in the MIND, contains a user-defined password. The storage capacity of field 43 can be limited to a specific number of characters. In this example, the “Password for Distribution List Access” field 43 can be compared to a password entered by a wireless subscriber. If the passwords match, then the wireless subscriber is allowed access to a distribution list. This field 43, in this example, is not used at the time of initial registration, but, like “Password” field 42, is customer proprietary.
Destination E-Mail Address field 44 and Destination Label field 45, in this example, store information about a particular destination. In this example, these fields are not used at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary.
A field entitled “Customer's POP Server List” 46; stored in the MIND, describes a post office protocol mailing list which can be defined by a wireless subscriber. In the “Customer POP Server List” field 46 is not used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
An “Alerts Disabled” field 47, stored in the MIND, indicates whether alerts are disabled on a particular wireless device or on a particular wireless account and typically include only a yes or a no designation.
In the exemplary embodiment of
In an exemplary embodiment, “Distribution Lists” data field 49 may contain a single distribution list for each field. In this manner, multiple distribution list data fields may be provided in order to enable a wireless subscriber to store multiple distribution lists in the MIND. As is commonly known, a distribution list is simply a list of destinations or addresses associated with a particular key word to enable a wireless subscriber to send a message to multiple destinations. In this example, “Distribution List” field 49 is not typically populated at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary. In addition, “Distribution List” field 49 may be configured by a wireless subscriber.
An Alias field 50, stored in the MIND, indicates an alias name associated with a wireless subscriber. In this example, the Alias field 50 is a messaging attribute that is associated, for example with a list. In this manner, a list can have an alias associated with it. In this example, this field is not used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
A “User Defined Blacklist” field 51 and a “User Defined White list” field 52 may also be stored in the MIND. “User Defined Blacklist” field 51 contains a list of devices or addresses with which a wireless subscriber does not wish to communicate. In this manner, a wireless subscriber can black list a group of addresses so that he will not receive any incoming messages from those particular addresses. In a further embodiment of the present invention, a single wireless subscriber may have more than one black list defined. In that case, a wireless subscriber may have multiple “User Defined Blacklist” fields 51. Similar to the “User Defined Blacklist” 51, the “User Defined White list” field 52, in this example, contains a list of addresses or people with which a wireless subscriber wishes to communicate. The addresses or people contained in a “User Defined White list” field 52 for a particular wireless subscriber, for example, may receive preferential treatment with regard to various communications. In this example, both the “User Defined Blacklist” field 51 and the “User Defined White list” field 52 are not typically used at the time of initial registration and are not customer proprietary.
A field entitled “Previous Mobile Number” 53, stored in the MIND, may contain a prior phone number for a wireless subscriber. In this manner, when a wireless subscriber changes phone numbers, he can have his previous mobile number stored in data field “Previous Mobile Number” 53. Data field “Previous Mobile Number” 53, in this example, is not used at the time of initial registration and is not customer proprietary.
Many of the fields contained in the MIND can be populated by a wireless subscriber. In this manner, a wireless subscriber has access to the MIND and may edit or change various fields. As such, a customizable user profile may be comprised of the various data fields of the MIND. A wireless subscriber, for example, has the ability to alter the contents of the “User Defined Blacklist” field 51, the “User Defined White list” field 52, as well as various other fields previously mentioned.
A wireless subscriber can also modify the various fields of the MIND via different devices. For example, a wireless subscriber may be able to modify a field with a wireless device, a computer terminal connected to the Internet, or a standard telephone.
Employing various user configurable and modifiable fields of the MIND, a wireless subscriber is able to create and edit personal aliases. Each alias may define a destination address and may provide the ability for the subscriber to manage message delivery. In addition, a wireless subscriber may be able to define distribution lists, filtering lists, such as white and black lists, and auto-reply lists.
Using various fields of the MIND previously described, a user-defined profile may allow for the definition of multiple handsets or devices. A user profile, comprising information contained in various fields previously described, may support destination address translation and number portability. The user defined profile may also support a set of messaging applications such as, web-to-mobile, mobile-to-mobile, mobile-to-web, numeric, or promotional messages. In a-further embodiment of the present invention, the user-defined profile may support the customization and linking of services offered to subscribers. A subscriber may be able to set up advanced features in his profile, such as relaying messages to more than one mobile device or other messaging destination such as an e-mail account.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a user-defined profile assembled from the previously mentioned fields may hold a set of canned messages or automatic replies. The subscriber may be able to opt out of or opt into receipt of promotional messages. In addition, a wireless subscriber may also be able to block messages by categories. For example, the subscriber may be able to choose to block all incoming mobile messages to avoid incurring fees.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, new services can be provisioned at or near real time by registering appropriate information in a subscriber profile contained in the MIND or in one of its replicas. For example, a wireless subscriber can subscribe to additional services simply by changing the contents of various fields contained in the MIND.
The depiction of
The MIND database can be implemented in many different ways consistent with the principles of the present invention. For example, the MIND database may reside in a magnetic storage medium resident on a computer. The MIND database may be implemented with currently available software database products developed by software companies such as Oracle. In one embodiment of the present invention, the MIND database may be distributed over many different computers or many different individual database products. In this manner, individual computers or databases may be networked together to form the MIND database. In this embodiment, a central controller may be implemented in order to manipulate the individual computers or databases. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the MIND database may reside on an optical storage device such as a compact disc or series of compact discs. In general, the MIND database may be implemented in any convenient storage media.
One embodiment of the MIND database consistent with the principles of the present invention may be horizontally scalable so that a data processor on which the database resides may be expandable. Further, the MIND database may be vertically scalable so that more data processor units can be added to the location of the database. Exemplary embodiments of the MIND consistent with the principles of the present invention may be scalable to the order of tens of millions of customer profiles in terms of space and in terms of speed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the MIND may be able to provide access to data only through published application programming interfaces. These scalable features of the MIND database may be implemented with currently available technology known to those skilled in the art.
Operation of the MIND
In the embodiment of the present invention depicted in step 3102, the bulk load process may be initiated by IT database business logic 2804. For example, the IT database business logic 2804 may read all the data from the MIND database 137 or other database and create a data abstract file. This data abstract file can represent all or a portion of the data subject to the bulk load operation. The data of the bulk load operation, for example, can be stored in the MIND database 153 or may be stored in some external data storage device (not shown).
As depicted in exemplary step 3104, the IT database business logic 2804 announces that the bulk load data is available. In this example, this announcement is made to provisioning system 2808, through backbone provisioning transport 2816 and to network database business logic adaptor 2828. The announcement may then be transmitted through backbone integration transport 132, network database business logic 2876, and to network data distributor database 2884. Alternatively, IT database business logic 2804 may communicate directly with network database business logic 2876 to alert network data distributor database 2884 of the bulk load event. In one embodiment, business logic, such as IT database business logic 2804, may publish on backbone integration transport 132 a message alerting network data distributor database 2884 to a bulk load. In this example, network database business logic 2876 subscribes to bulk load messages and receives the bulk load message. Network database business logic 2876, in this example, replies by publishing a message on backbone integration transport 132. Upon receipt of this reply by IT database business logic 2804, the bulk load process commences. Other various communication channels and paths are within the scope of the present invention.
As depicted in exemplary step 3106, network database business logic 2876 of network data distributor database 2884 receives the bulk load event. As depicted in exemplary step 3108, network database business logic 2876 retrieves the bulk file from a location specified in the bulk load event. Network database business logic 2876 may retrieve the bulk load data from the MIND database 137. Alternatively, network database business logic may retrieve the bulk load data from an external data store (not shown). In this example, after retrieving the bulk file, network data distributor database 2884 loads the data. The bulk file can either be loaded directly from its location to network data distributor database 2884 or, for example, via network database business logic 2876. In the latter instance, bulk information may be routed through network database business logic 2876 and then loaded into network data distributor database 2884.
As depicted in exemplary step 3112, network database business logic 2876 announces a bulk load event to other replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872. This announcement may be transmitted to network database business logic 2864, which may control network subscriber data replica database 2872. In this manner, the announcement may proceed from network database business logic 2876 to backbone integration transport 132 and then to network database business logic 2864. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, the business rules and protocol handling that is contained in network database business logic 2876 may be contained directly in network data distributor database 2884.
Likewise, other business rules and protocol rules may also be contained within replica databases such as network subscriber data replica database 2872. In this alternate embodiment of the present invention, a direct link may be achieved from a bulk load data source or, for example, the MIND database 137 to network data distributor database 2884 and replica databases such as network subscriber data replica database 2872. In this example, the announcement of the bulk load event transmitted by network database business logic 2876 to network database business logic 2864, for example, can indicate the location of the bulk data.
As depicted in exemplary step 3114, network database business logic 2864 receives the bulk load event with the location of the bulk load data. Likewise, other replica network database business logic entities also receive the bulk load event and the location of the bulk load data. For example, network database business logic 2852 which is associated with network subscriber data routing and validation database 135 may also receive the bulk load event along with the location of the bulk load data. The transmission of this event notification, for example, may be done in parallel to all replica databases at the same time, to databases sequentially, or in any convenient order. For example, it may be preferable that network subscriber data replica database 2872 receives data before network subscriber data routing and validation database 135. If this is the case, then network database business logic 2876 would first transmit the bulk load event information to network database business logic 2864 and then transmit that bulk load event to network database business logic 2852. In this manner, network subscriber data replica database 2872 could receive its bulk load update before network subscriber data routing and validation database 135.
As depicted in exemplary step 3116, each replica database then retrieves the bulk data. The network database business logic associated with the replica database may be responsible for retrieving the bulk load data. For example, network database business logic 2864 may retrieve the bulk load data for network subscriber data replica database 2872. The replica databases are then updated with the bulk data as depicted in exemplary step 3118. In this manner, network subscriber data replica database 2872 would be updated with the bulk data.
In the example of
In yet a further embodiment of the present invention, data contained in an external data storage device may be first sent to the MIND database 137 and then to the replica databases, 135, 2884, and 2872, in any order. The present invention also contemplates parallel update of the MIND database 137 and the replica databases 153, 2872, and 2884. In this manner, all databases throughout the system may be updated from an external source at the same time.
Network data distributor database 2884 may contain a subset of all customer information contained in the MIND database 137. All additions, updates, and deletions to a customer profile may be made, for example, on the MIND database 137. The MIND database 137 may then propagate the changes to the network data distributor database 2884. The network data distributor database 2884 may contain a master set of all files in the network. All network elements, such as the RAVE and the DART, may access the information stored in the network data distributor database 2884 via replicated database nodes located in close proximity to the network element itself. These database replicas, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872 and network subscriber data routing and validation database 135 may contain only a subset of the data in the network data distributor database 2884. Likewise, network data distributor database 2884 may contain only a subset of the data contained in the MIND database 137.
After the new data is received by the MIND database 137 the replica databases may need to be updated. In step 3204, provisioning system 2808 posts an event stating that a new subscriber has been registered. This event may originate in provisioning system 2808 or may be a function of the MIND database 137 or the IT database business logic 2804. For example, when a new subscriber's data is stored in the MIND database 137, the MIND database 137 may initiate a process via IT database business logic 2804 and provisioning system 2808 to update replica databases such as network subscriber data replica 2872. Alternatively, the registration of a new wireless subscriber may initiate an update event in provisioning system 2808.
In the example of step 3206, network applications receive the provisioning event. The provisioning event may be transmitted to other network applications such as the DART or the RAVE via backbone provisioning transport 2816 and network database business logic adaptor 2828. Alternatively, the provisioning event may be transmitted directly to the various network entities such as the RAVE and the DART. In the example of
In the exemplary step of 3208, the network data distributor database 2884 registers the new subscriber. As previously described, the data for the new subscriber can be transferred from the MIND database 137 to the network data distributor database 2884. Alternatively, the network data distributor database 2884 may receive the new subscriber data from a separate data source.
As depicted in exemplary step 3210, the network application announces that a new subscriber has been registered. For example, network database business logic 2876 may announce to network database business logic 2864, or network database business logic 2828 that a new subscriber has been registered and his information has been stored in network distributor database 2884. This announcement may be transmitted from network database business logic 2876 via backbone integration transport 132 to network database business logic 2864. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, the announcement that a new subscriber has been registered in network data distributor database 2884 or in the MIND database 137 can be made directly to network database business logic 2864 and/or network database business logic 2828.
In exemplary step 3212 of
In exemplary step 3214 of
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a wireless subscriber may register for a new network service. In this case, the MIND database 137 and the replica databases, 2884, 2872, and 135 may receive information about the new service to which the subscriber registers. This new information may be associated with existing subscriber data, such as a user name or password. In a further embodiment of the present invention, a wireless subscriber may wish to change certain aspects of his customer profile. For example, a wireless subscriber may want to change the password he uses for his account. Once the customer makes this change, the MIND database 137 is able to propagate the change to various replicated databases as necessary.
Consistent with one embodiment of the present invention, the network data distributor database 2884 may remain identical to the MIND database 137 being updated co-incedentally or in near real-time. Changes to the MIND database 137 may then be reflected in the network data distributor database 2884 within, for example, one minute of those changes being applied to the master database. Similarly, changes to the network data distributor database 2884 may be reflected in the replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica databases 2872, within, for example, one minute of those changes being applied to the network data distributor database 2884. Other update times are within the scope of the present invention. Additionally, all the databases may be updated in real time in parallel.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention may provide for contingency procedures to guarantee that the replica databases, such as network subscriber data replica database 2872, can be synchronized in the event of failures in the replication process. These contingency procedures may be automated. In this manner, the failure of a replica database to receive updated data may result in the implementation of an error correction routine. In addition, if a failure occurs, the wireless network architecture may provide for redundancy and error recovery.
New database replicas may be added and configured easily. For example, a replica subscriber database (not shown) may be added to the infrastructure. In this manner, the new database may be populated using a bulk load procedure previously described or an update procedure also previously described. The addition of replica databases, as well as the manipulation of existing replica databases allows for network scalability.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, sensitive customer information stored in MIND database 137 or replica databases, 2884, 2872, and 135 may be encrypted. Any number of existing encryption techniques may be used to preserve the security of customer information. Moreover, changes to the subscriber profile may be controlled. Each subscriber profile attribute may be protected as indicated by a protection property flag. The network database business logic 2876 utilizes that protection property flag to determine whether a particular attribute is modifiable. That protection property flag may itself be modified by a system.
The process of updating replicated databases may be accomplished by caching data in a short-term memory. For example, data related to a wireless subscriber that is updated in the MIND database 137 may then be cached in a local storage accessible to the network data distributor database 2884. Likewise, data caching can be used in the previously-described data transfer methods in order to realize operational efficiencies.
Subscriber Configuration Interface
The Subscriber Configuration Interface (SCI) 165 supplies the framework to deliver network services, add new network services, and modify existing network services via a web interface. As such, SCI 165 provides network subscribers with the ability to manage and configure network services.
While the exemplary embodiment of
In the exemplary embodiment of
When a subscriber updates his preference profile through the web interface, UADB 140 may be updated at or near real time. For example, changes made by a subscriber through the web interface may be immediately written to UADB 140 or one of its replicas. If written to a replica of UADB 140, a master database (not shown) may then be updated from the replica of UADB 140. In a further embodiment of the present invention, a subscriber's update of his preference profile via the web interface may first be stored in a master database (not shown) and then replicated to UADB 140. Numerous other methods, described in other portions of this specification, may be used to update a subscriber's preference profile via the web interface. In yet another embodiment of the-present invention, a subscriber's information, such as his preference profile, may be stored directly within SCI 165. Storage of configuration data within SCI 165 may be implemented through an integrated database, short term memory, long term memory, or any other convenient storage method.
In the exemplary embodiment of
In one embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 provides alarming and logging information to LAMB 160 via network transport 125. This alarming and logging information, for example, may be based upon the time of each transaction, the date of each transaction, the originator's IP address, the remote host name of the originator, the message ID of the transaction, destination addresses, validation results, message length, the message itself, total bytes sent not including headers, the time to complete the request, the status returned by the server, the status returned by other network entities, SCI functions accessed by the originator of the message, the last URL the subscriber was referred to by the SCI, errors, or any other convenient information.
SCI 165 may publish on network transport 125 alarming and logging information. This alarming and logging information may then be received by LAMB 160 from network transport 125. Upon receipt of this alarming and logging information from network transport 125, LAMB 160 may then store, process, and operate on the alarming and logging information. LAMB 160, in a further embodiment of the present invention, may support centralized logging and alarming functions. Further, LAMB 160 may support real time or non-real time alarming and logging. In a further embodiment of the present invention, LAMB 160 may support variable debug levels.
The web interface, in the exemplary embodiment of
In the exemplary embodiment of
In the exemplary embodiment of
In the exemplary embodiment of
SCI 165, through its subcomponents such as portal interface 3302, preferably supports various messaging protocols. For example, SCI 165, through its subcomponents such as portal interface 3302, may support short messaging service, interactive Mobitex messaging service, WAP subscriber validation, streaming services over GPRS or any other service. Further, the embodiment depicted in
A further embodiment of the present invention may support mobile terminated short messages originated from a web page. This protocol allows submission of a short message, for example, up to 640 characters via a web page, such as the web interface, to a customer. In a further embodiment, SCI 165 may support mobile terminated short messages originated from a dial-up using Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol (TAP). This protocol allows submission of a short message, for example, up to 160 characters, via a modem pool to a customer. Numerous other protocols are supported by SCI 165 and portal interface 3302 and those listed here are merely examples.
SCI 165, and its subcomponents such as portal interface 3302, may support get and post methods. In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165, and/or portal interface 3302 may support a load sharing interface that the web interface can use to provide adequate capacity and growth. Further SCI 165, through portal interface 3302, may include access to a stand alone home page with a navigation menu to each of the service configuration pages.
Send message logic 3306 allows an Internet user to access a standard “send a message” web page to create and send new messages to subscribers. In this manner, the “send a message” web page is accessible via the web interface. In a further embodiment of the present invention, send message logic 3306 allows a subscriber to access a class of service associated with a message. For example, data customers, such as SMS customers, Mobitex customers, GPRS customers and WAP customers, may be able to access the class of service associated with web send messages.
Send message logic 3306 may be displayed via the web interface to an Internet user. In this manner, the “send a message” web page appearing on the web interface may include various aspects of send message logic 3306. For example, fields in the “send a message” web page may include sender's name, sender's reply or notification address, sender's call back number, subject, message text, graphics symbols, passwords as required for a distribution list, future delivery time, recurring message based on time interval, and return delivery receipt request. Numerous other fields may be incorporated in send message logic 3306 and displayed on the web interface through a web page.
Send message logic 3306 may allow Internet users to create long messages that may include text, rich text format, and graphics within the text. Graphic symbols may be available on the “send a message” web page to drag into the message text itself. The capability of the device to receive this format may be handled by ARC 110 in the network.
In this example, once an Internet user enters the destination address in the appropriate field and changes to the next field to enter additional information, the destination address can be validated, and the device preference for the user or group can be determined. These preferences can then be used to customize other aspects of the “send a message” web page, such as enabling graphics mode, enabling validation of sender, and enabling message tracking. For example, SCI 165, upon receiving a destination address entered by an Internet user entered into the web interface, may publish that destination address on network transport 125. The destination address published on network transport 125 may then be received by RAVE 130. RAVE 130, through integration transport 132, may compare that destination address to addresses contained in UADB 140.
In this manner, RAVE 130 may perform validation functions on the destination address based on information contained in UADB 140. In addition, RAVE 130, through data contained in UADB 140, may be able to configure further aspects of the web send message from a subscriber's preference profile information contained in UADB 140. For example, if the destination address entered by an Internet user into the web interface corresponds to a subscriber whose information is stored in UADB 140, then RAVE 130 may access that subscriber's preference information, via integration transport 132, from UADB 140. RAVE 130 may then publish this subscriber's preference information on network transport 125. SCI 165 may receive this published information from network transport 125.
After receiving this subscriber's preference information, SCI 165 may then configure the “send a message” web page displayed on the web interface. In this manner, SCI 165 may be able to customize the “send a message” web page displayed on the web interface. This customized “send a message” web page displayed on the web interface can correspond to various preferences and information about a particular subscriber stored in UADB 140 or its replica. For example, SCI 165 may be able to determine the capabilities of the destination device based on the destination address and limit the message creation functionality of the “send a message” web page based on that device. In this manner, SCI 165, for example, may be capable of configuring web send messages for delivery to different device types such as TDMA/GSM, Mobitex, and other mobile devices using JAVA.
An Internet user submits a web send message through the web interface to a subscriber. Once a message has successfully been submitted, a cookie could be placed on the Internet user's browser which references this particular web send transaction. This permits the sender to obtain the status of a previously submitted web send message. The cookie can expire some time after the validity period of the web send message to allow the sender to check the last status of the message.
In this example, the cookie may allow the sender to track multiple messages to multiple recipients. The cookie may also allow the sender to view reply messages from the recipient. The cookie may be used to allow recipient replies to be returned to the method specified by the sender. The sender's specified methods may provide a convenient way to track messages sent to devices using an Internet device such as the web interface.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 through the web interface, may provide an interface for Internet users to create, for example, rich text, pictures, animations, melodies, and sounds that can be attached to web send messages. Further, SCI 165, through its subcomponents such as portal interface 3302, may provide an interface for Internet users to generate downloadable multimedia files such as MIDI files to devices that support this feature. In this manner, SCI 165, as well as its subcomponents such as portal interface 3302, may 138 provide support for any number of different data formats used with a web send message entered into the web interface.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 submits web send messages to network transport 125. These web messages may be queued up in the network for transmission to the various subscribers. SCI 165 may provide the capability of specifying a future delivery time for these web messages. In such a case, these web messages can be delivered to mobile devices at the specified time. For example, an Internet user through the web interface may be able to specify a particular delivery time. In this case, the specified delivery time associated with the web message entered by an Internet user may then be used by SCI 165 to schedule delivery of the web message.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 may be able to handle recurring messages. For example, recurring messages, such as reminder type messages at periodic intervals or dates, may be created on SCI 165. A subscriber, through the web interface or through his device, may be able to set up reminder messages to be delivered to a destination device. A subscriber may set password access to this feature in order to be able to edit and delete these reminder type messages or alerts. SCI 165 may then support recurring message delivery and password access that can be enabled by a subscriber. Further, SCI 165 may allow a subscriber to manage recurring messages originated by others to the subscriber's device. In yet another exemplary embodiment, SCI 165 may support management of these services by the device. For example, a subscriber, through his device, may be able to manage recurring reminder type messages.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 is capable of handling registered delivery of web messages. When a registered web message is delivered or the message reaches its final destination, an updated status report message may be sent to the originator of the web message. In one embodiment of the invention, the subscriber controls whether a status report message is returned to the originator of the web message. A delivery failure message, for example, can be sent back to the originator of the web send message via e-mail if an invalid Internet e-mail address for the originator was supplied and registered delivery was selected when the original web message was created.
An Internet user via the web interface may enter a web send message and select registered delivery on the “send a message” web page displayed on the web interface. In this case, if the subscriber has enabled registered delivery in his configuration profile, the Internet user who originated the web send message may receive a delivery receipt when the web send message is received by the subscriber. In another embodiment, the Internet user who originated the web send message may receive-a read receipt when the subscriber reads the web send message. Various other types of e-mail notification may be incorporated into the infrastructure of the present invention.
In one example consistent with the principles-of the present invention, query message logic 3310 of SCI 165 may interface with the web interface to provide a method by which an Internet user can query information about a web send message. For example, a “query message” web page may be displayed on the web interface. In this example, Internet users may be able to access the “query message” web page in order to view information about a web send message sent by the Internet user. The subscriber may be able to regulate an Internet user's access to the “query message” web page. In this manner, a subscriber may be able to enable or disable an Internet user's ability to query web send messages.
In the example of
In a further example consistent with the principles of the present invention, SCI 165 may provide further management of queries. The status of queries may be checked or monitored. SCI 165 may provide for monitoring different queries and, for example, sorting, filtering, or storing queries. In one exemplary embodiment, an Internet user through the web interface may be able to manage various queries he has initiated about web send messages. An Internet user via the web interface, may be able to sort the various queries he has initiated about multiple web send messages.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, configuration logic 3314 allows each subscriber to view, modify, and create customized message handling and processing rules. The configuration logic 3314 aspect of SCI 165, in this example, allows for a subscriber to customize or configure his preference information. In one embodiment of the present invention, this information may be stored in UADB 140 or one of its replicas.
Configuration logic 3314 may permit subscribers to perform alias management. In this manner, alias management, implemented through configuration logic 3314 of SCI 165, permits subscribers to create e-mail distribution lists and device aliases on their account. A subscriber may have a distribution list that corresponds to a group of people from work. In this case, the subscriber can associate the group of destination addresses with the word “work.”
Likewise, a subscriber may have multiple devices. In this case, the subscriber can associate an alphanumeric string, such as a word, with each device. A subscriber who has multiple devices may be able to provide an alias to be associated with the various configurable aspects of each device. For example, a subscriber who has a cellular phone may associate the word “phone” with that device. In this example, all of the various configurable aspects of the cellular phone, such as the ability to receive text messages, can be associated with the word “phone.” The subscriber can then invoke the word “phone” in order to access the configuration for his cellular phone.
This alias information may be stored in UADB 140, its replica, another database, or within SCI 165. A subscriber may then be able to alter the alias information stored in one of these various sites. A subscriber may be able to create and alter alias information contained within the network either through the web interface or through his device.
Configuration logic 3314 may provide that all aliases must be unique across an entire provider's network. Further, SCI 165 may allow a subscriber to enable or disable distribution lists, specify that a password is required to access a distribution list, or enable or disable distribution lists from one of the devices in a subscriber's account profile.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a subscriber, through SCI 165, may be provided the ability to create and modify destination devices and addresses. Likewise, a subscriber may be able to create and modify Internet destination devices and addresses. For example, each device can have its own address, and therefore, its own alias. A subscriber, through SCI 165, may be able to create, modify, and, delete device profiles. In this manner, a subscriber, through the web interface or through his device, may be able to change an alias and its associated device profile. Likewise, a subscriber may be able to assign aliases to a particular device or destination. In a further aspect of the present invention, a subscriber may be able to enable or disable destination addresses using an alias. A subscriber may be provided the ability to disable e-mail and web delivery using his mobile number once an alias is created. A default alias, for example, could be a username that is created on the account at activation or by the subscriber via the web interface.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 and its configuration logic component 3314 may allow a subscriber to configure an account to be in an absent or vacation state to notify senders that the subscriber is unavailable. In this manner, a subscriber could associate the word “vacation” with this absent or vacation state. In one embodiment, upon receiving a web send, email, or mobile-to-mobile message, the originator of that message may receive a prepared response from the subscriber. This prepared response, for example, could indicate that the subscriber is unavailable. In one aspect of the present invention, the subscriber can set this absent or vacation mode to be indefinite or to expire automatically after a set number of days. SCI 165 may support an interface to configure a subscriber absentee mode. For example, a subscriber, through his mobile device, may be able to configure and initiate this absentee mode. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the web interface may provide a web page with which a subscriber can initiate or alter this absentee mode. In addition, SCI 165 may be able to support this user interface.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 may provide the ability for a subscriber to configure White lists and Blacklists. White lists are used to grant access to specific domains, specific IP addresses, or specific email addresses, regardless of whether those domains or addresses might be excluded by a filtering process. Blacklists are used to block access from specific domains and IP addresses. In one embodiment, a subscriber may be able to provision his or her Blacklist and White list to manage e-mail and web access. In addition, White list and Blacklist capability can be implemented on a global as well as on a per subscriber level.
In one aspect consistent with the principles of the present invention, SCI 165 may support an interface, such as the web interface, to allow subscribers to manage their White lists and Blacklists. A subscriber may be able to create a Blacklist, for example, by entering various destination addresses in a web page displayed on the web interface. In this manner,- subscriber may select a Blacklist function on the web interface and be able to enter a list of Internet addresses to which the subscriber wishes to deny access. This information, entered by a subscriber in the web interface, may then pass via communications channel 146 to SCI 165. SCI 165 may then publish this Blacklist information on network transport 125. RAVE 130 via integration transport 132 may then store this Blacklist information in UADB 140 or one of its replicas. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, this Blacklist information may be stored directly within SCI 165 by any number of methods. In yet another embodiment, DART 126 may store blacklist information in MDS 175. In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 may support entering hosts and domains by name into a White list or Blacklist.
In a further aspect of the present invention, SCI 165 may be able to obtain the IP address of an accessing party to be able to process the White list or Blacklist. For example, an Internet user who appears on a subscriber's Blacklist may attempt to access the web interface. In this case, the Blacklisted Internet user may wish to send the subscriber a web send message. SCI 165 may then obtain the IP address of the Blacklisted Internet user for processing by the network. The IP address of the Blacklisted Internet user may be published on network transport 125 by SCI 165. This Blacklisted address may then be compared with the subscriber's Blacklist stored in UADB 140 or one of its replicas. Since the addresses match, in this example, the Blacklisted user would be denied access to the network. In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 may support reverse address lookup to list hosts and domains by name. This reverse address lookup may then be used to process, for example, a Blacklist.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 may allow a provider the capability of creating and managing a system-wide Blacklist to control spamming. Further, SCI 165 may allow a provider to manage global Blacklists. For example, a provider may have a list of addresses of known spammers. In such a case, the provider may wish to block the spammer's access to the network. SCI 165 may allow for the creation and administration of Blacklists to block potential spammer's access to the network.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 may be accessed via the web interface. SCI 165 may provide the Internet address of the Internet user accessing the web interface. SCI 165 may also be capable of performing an Internet reverse address lookup to identify the domain and host of the accessing party. After SCI 165 obtains the address of the accessing party, SCI 165, for example, can apply per subscriber Blacklist and White list rule filtering to block unwanted messages from the Internet. After applying per subscriber Blacklist and White list rule filtering, SCI 165 may then apply global Blacklist filtering of sites identified as sources of spam-type messages. In this manner, SCI 165 may implement filtering in a two-step process. SCI 165 may first implement an individual subscriber's Blacklist and White list and then implement a system-wide Blacklist and White list.
In further embodiments of the present invention, Blacklists and White lists that are implemented on a system-wide level may take precedence over a Blacklist and White list for a particular subscriber. In this instance, SCI 165 may first check an accessing parties Internet address against a system-wide Blacklist. Second, SCI 165 may then check the accessing party's address against a subscriber's Blacklist. If the accessing party's address does not appear on the subscriber's Blacklist, but does appear on the system-wide Blacklist, then that accessing party is denied access to the network. In further embodiments of the present invention, SCI 165 may be able to implement multiple Blacklists and White lists. For example, a network administrator may establish multiple Blacklists with varying precedents. SCI 165 may be able to handle the various Blacklist rules based on rules of precedence.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, SCI 165 supports other anti-spamming procedures. SCI 165 is capable of origination validation based upon a sender's IP address or domain, limiting connections per second per host, accessing a national database of known spammers, providing customer awareness information related to spamming, providing a method for customers to report spamming to the provider, providing a method for determining and blocking spamming by use of war dialing attacks, providing a method for determining spamming based upon the content of a web message using a list of regular expressions, detecting previously unidentified spam messages based upon volume of very similar web send messages, and using counters in processing the text of web send messages.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, firewalls (not shown) may be implemented between SCI 165 and the web interface as well as between the web interface and Internet 175. These firewalls (not shown) serve to protect the web interface, SCI 165, and other elements of the infrastructure. Further aspects of the present invention may support SSL to protect subscriber data when being accessed or updated by the subscriber. For example, the web interface, SCI 165, or other network entities may use various encryption methods in order to protect subscriber data.
In a further exemplary embodiment, SCI 165 may support a process of propagating changes to other SCIs (not shown) when updates have been made to add new configuration and network service features. For example, SCI 165 may receive a new system-wide Blacklist. In such a case, SCI 165 may propagate this new system-wide Blacklist to other SCIs (not shown). Alternatively, a new system-wide Blacklist may be propagated to all SCIs in parallel. In yet another embodiment, one SCI, such as SCI 165, may be designated as a master SCI. In such a case, master SCI 165 may then propagate a change in a system-wide Blacklist, for example, to other SCIs.
In the exemplary embodiment depicted in
The web interface may provide a web page in which a subscriber can create sounds. In this example, a subscriber may be able to create a custom ring tone via the web interface. This custom ring tone may then proceed through communications channel 146 to SCI 165. SCI 165 may publish this user-created ring tone on network transport 125. In publishing this user created ring tone on network transport 125, SCI 165 may also attach information about the subscriber who created the ring tone. In such a case, the user-created ring tone may be stored in a database such as UADB 140 or MDS 175. A subscriber could then access this custom-created ring tone from his device. In such a manner, a subscriber may be able to create a ring tone using the web interface, store that ring tone in a database residing within the infrastructure, and then download that ring tone from the database to his device. In a similar manner, a subscriber may be able to create custom graphics as well as calendar and address book entries.
In exemplary step 3402, a subscriber sends a message. As mentioned, the invention contemplates a non-subscriber sending a message as well. The message can be sent from any device with any destination address. For example, a non-subscriber may send a message from a “web send” web page displayed on a web browser by an SCI. In this case, the SCI displays a web page through which any Internet user can send a message to any subscriber. In another embodiment, a subscriber sends a message from his device to a non-subscriber's email account. The message itself can be in any format and can be sent over any pathway through the network.
In exemplary step 3404, the network assigns a unique identifier to the message. This unique identifier can be in the form of a string of characters of any convenient length. For example, the unique identifier may be a six character string of letters and numbers. In one aspect of the invention, a non-subscriber sends a message to a subscriber's device from a “web send” web page. In this example, the message is received by an ARC for translation. The ARC initially strips off the destination address and publishes the address with a subject of “validation request” on the network transport. In one aspect of the invention, the ARC publishes the validation request without a particular RAVE as a destination. In this aspect, all RAVEs connected to the network transport subscribe to messages with the subject “validation request.” In this publish and subscribe protocol, all RAVEs access the validation request.
In another embodiment, a point to point protocol is used. The originating ARC directs the validation request to a specific RAVE. A RAVE entity receives the validation request and performs the necessary validation functions. For example, the RAVE receives the destination address, accesses a subscriber's information based on that destination address, and returns a validation response. In various aspects of the invention, this validation response can be published on the network using a publish and subscribe protocol or using a point to point protocol. The originating ARC receives the validation response. Since the destination address is valid, the ARC performs necessary translation functions and the message proceeds through the network to the destination address. The ARC, upon translating the message, may assign a unique message identifier. This identifier could then pass back through the network to the web interface.
In another embodiment consistent with the exemplary method of
In exemplary step 3406, the unique identifier is displayed to the party who originated the message. For example, a person who sends a message from a “web send” web page may receive a unique identifier displayed on that web page. In one embodiment, a person sends a message from a “web send” web page. Upon sending the message, a screen containing the unique identifier associated with that message may pop up on the web page. In another embodiment, the unique identifier may be sent to the person along with a delivery or read receipt. In yet another example, a subscriber may receive the unique message identifier on a predetermined device or at a predetermined location. A subscriber may wish to receive the identifier possibly along with a delivery receipt at an email address specified by the subscriber.
Once in possession of the unique identifier, a person may query the message as depicted in exemplary step 3408. A person may access a “query message” web page displayed on a web portal served by an SCI. In this example, the “query message” web page contains various query functions such as tracking a message, ascertaining whether the message was delivered, ascertaining whether the message was read, displaying transmission errors, and any other type of query function. The “query message” web page displays a screen into which a person can enter the unique identifier. In other embodiments of the invention, a subscriber may be able to initiate a query from a device. A subscriber may be able to enter the unique identifier into a blackberry, pager, cellular phone, or other device to obtain information about the message.
Once the unique identifier is entered, as depicted in exemplary step 3410, the network retrieves the queried information about the message based on the unique identifier. A unique identifier is entered into a “query message” web page. The identifier is passed from the web page to an SCI. In one embodiment, the SCI contains a listing of the unique identifiers associated with messages sent from the web page. The SCI may then perform a look-up function to ascertain the status of the message and any other requested information. In another embodiment, the SCI publishes on a network transport the unique identifier along with the subject “query request.” In this example, the DART entity may subscribe to the subject “query request” and each DART may look for these messages. In this manner, the network may use a publish and subscriber protocol.
In another embodiment, the “query request” may be addressed to a specific DART element in a point to point protocol. In either case, a DART element receives the “query request” with the unique identifier. The DART element, in this example, accesses one or more MDSs based on the unique identifier. For example, messages and accompanying message information may be stored in an MDS in various tables along with a unique identifier. In this manner, a DART element may simply perform a look-up operation to retrieve message information from an MDS database. In this example, the MDS stores the message itself along with message information including information about receipt of the message. The DART element returns the information to the network transport, either in a publish and subscribe protocol or a point to point protocol, destined for the originating SCI. The SCI displays the information on a web page. In other embodiments of the invention, other elements may perform the query functions. For example, a RAVE entity or a LAMB entity may access a database to retrieve the information requested in a query.
In exemplary step 3412, the requested information is displayed. In the example of a query initiated from a web page, the requested information is displayed on the web page. In other embodiments of the invention, the information is displayed on a device. The information may also be sent to a destination device specified by a subscriber. For example, a subscriber may initiate a query from his pager and then request that the information be sent to a specified email address.
A subscriber may enter into the web page a list of addresses that correspond to the people with whom he works. This distribution list may then be associated with a word such as “work.” In this manner, the subscriber can refer to the list of addresses simply by entering the word “work” into a device. In another embodiment of the invention, the addresses of a distribution list can be entered into a device such as a blackberry, cellular phone, or pager. In another aspect of the invention, a subscriber may enter the list of addresses into a PDA or personal computer. In addition, the subscriber may associate any string of characters with the distribution list. For example, the subscriber may associate a word, a number, or a symbol with the list.
In exemplary step 3504, the subscriber enters a password that is used to protect the distribution list. In one aspect of the invention, the network displays a query to the subscriber asking if he wishes to password protect the distribution list. The subscriber may respond that he wishes to password protect the distribution list. In such a case, the network then requests that the subscriber enter a password. In one aspect of the invention, the subscriber enters the password into a web page displayed on a personal computer. In other aspects of the invention, the subscriber enters the password into a personal digital assistant, pager, cellular phone, or other device.
In exemplary steps 3506 and 3508, the network associates the password with the distribution list and stores the password and distribution list in a data structure. For example, a subscriber may enter a distribution list and password into a device. This information then passes to an ARC element for translation. Initially, the incoming ARC publishes on a network transport a validation request. A RAVE receives the validation request, looks up information stored in a UADB, RVDB, or MIND, processes the validation request, and returns a validation response. In this example, subscriber information stored in a data structure indicates that the subscriber has signed up for service that allows him to create password-protected distribution lists. The validation response is received by the incoming ARC. Upon receipt, the ARC translates the distribution list and password into a common format and appends relevant message information such as the originating address, message type, and other information. The ARC sends this translated list, password, and accompanying information, for example, to a RAVE via the network transport.
As noted, communication between the network entities can occur via a publish and subscribe protocol or a point to point protocol. The RAVE receives the distribution list, password, and accompanying information and stores them in a UADB, RVDB, MIND, or other data structure. In one embodiment, the data structure is a relational database that stores the list and password along with accompanying identifying information in tables. In this manner, the password is associated with the distribution list in the data structure. The password and distribution list may be stored together in the same data structure in the same table, or in different data structures that are linked together. In another aspect of the invention, the distribution list and password are stored in a linked list. Encryption may be employed to preserve the integrity of the password. In another aspect of the invention, various flags, such as a confidentiality flag, may be set to indicate the confidential nature of the password.
After the distribution list and password are stored, the subscriber, in exemplary step 3510, requests access to the distribution list using the password. In this example, the subscriber accesses the distribution list from a device. The subscriber enters a message and denotes as its destination a distribution list. The subscriber may wish to send a message to his work contacts. In this manner, the subscriber enters the word “work” as the destination for a message. The-word “work” in this case is an alias referring to the distribution list of destination addresses associated with the subscriber's work contacts.
Upon entering the distribution list as the destination for the message, the network prompts the subscriber for the password. In one embodiment of the invention, the subscriber enters a message with a password protected distribution list as a destination. The distribution list alias is received by an ARC element. The ARC element, in this example, publishes on a network transport the alias along with a “get alias information” request. The RAVE entity receives the “get alias information” request and processes it by accessing information stored in a UADB, RVDB, or other data structure. The RAVE, upon accessing the data structure discovers that the distribution list is password protected and sends a “get password” request to the originating ARC. The ARC translates the “get password” request so that it can be displayed on the device. This prompt is then displayed on the subscriber's device. In other aspects of the invention, this password prompt can be displayed in many different forms on any device used in conjunction with the network. The subscriber responds to the password prompt by entering the password into his device and transmitting it to the network.
As depicted in exemplary step 3512, upon receipt of the password, the network allows access to the distribution list. In this example, the subscriber enters the password into a device. The incoming ARC receives the password, performs translation, and sends it to the RAVE for verification. The RAVE receives the password and checks it against the password stored in a data structure. The password is valid and the RAVE returns a validation response along with the contents of the distribution list. Other elements of the network then process the message. In further embodiments of the invention, other network elements, such as the LAMB, DART, other ARCs, SCIs, and other RAVEs, may perform the distribution look-up and password validation functions described.
After entering the message to be sent, the subscriber enters the type of notification he wishes to receive as depicted in exemplary step 3604. In one embodiment of the invention, the subscriber enters the notification type when he enters the message itself. In another embodiment, the network prompts the user to enter a notification type. For example, a subscriber who sends an SMS message on his cellular phone first enters the destination address and message text. After he forwards the message text and destination address to the network, he receives a prompt from the network to enter the type of notification he wishes to receive. This prompt displays a list of notification types and notification destinations.
Notification types may include receipt notification which notifies a sender of a message when the message was received and read notification which notifies the sender of a message when the message is read. The subscriber may also be able to choose a destination for the notification. In this manner, a subscriber may receive the notification on any device such as a personal computer, pager, or cellular phone.
In one embodiment of the invention, the notification prompt is generated by a network entity such as a RAVE, ARC, LAMB, SCI, or DART. For example, a first subscriber may send a message from a web page to a second subscriber. The first subscriber enters the message and destination address into a “web send” web page. The first subscriber then enters the type of notification he wishes to receive and the address to which he wants the notification sent. This web page is served up by an SCI. In this manner, the SCI solicits the notification information and then transmits the notification information to other network entities for processing.
In exemplary steps 3606 and 3608, the network receives the notification information and processes it. In one embodiment, the notification information includes the type of notification requested, a message identifier, and a destination address or multiple destination addresses to which the notification is to be sent. This information may be passed from a web page to an SCI and then to an ARC. In another embodiment, the information is passed directly from a device to an ARC. Upon receipt, the ARC performs translation functions and publishes on a network transport the information with the subject “notification request.” In this case, DART entities subscribe for notification requests and a DART entity receives the information. In other embodiments of the invention, other network entities such as RAVEs, LAMBs, and ARCs may subscribe for notification requests. Upon receipt, the DART processes the request by accessing an MDS to determine the status of the message. In one embodiment of the invention, status information is stored in an MDS along with the message itself and accompanying information. The DART, in this case, accesses an associated MDS for information to satisfy the notification request.
Upon accessing this information, the DART returns the information to the network transport. An ARC receives the information along with the destination address or addresses for the notification message. The receiving ARC translates the notification message into a format that is displayable on the devices associated with the destination addresses. In one aspect, a notification message that is sent to multiple devices may require multiple ARCs to perform the proper translation functions. After translation, the notification message is sent to the devices at the specified destination addresses as depicted in exemplary step 3610.
In exemplary step 3704, the network updates the contents of the cookie with message information. A subscriber accessing a “web send” web page from his browser sends a message that travels through the network. As previously noted, this message can be of any type and can have any destination. The subscriber may send an SMS message from a web page to a device. This message, in this example, travels through the network to its destination. In one aspect of the invention, the destination address and/or the origination address are verified by a RAVE entity, the message is translated by incoming and outgoing ARCs, and the message and accompanying information are stored in a data structure by a DART. In this example, the SCI obtains information about the message and adds it to the cookie. The SCI obtains a message identifier which can be in the form of a string of characters, and appends that identifier to the cookie. Other various types of information such as transaction identifiers, message type codes, destination addresses, or any other type of message information may be appended to the cookie. In this manner, the cookie contains information about the message, in this case, that the subscriber has sent from a “web send” web page displayed on a browser.
In exemplary step 3706, the network transmits the updated cookie to the subscriber's browser. After appending message information to the cookie, the SCI or other server transmits the cookie to the subscriber's browser. The web browser software writes the cookie to the hard drive on the subscriber's personal computer. The various methods of transmitting and writing cookies are known to those skilled in the art.
This process can be repeated many times. For example, a subscriber may send several messages from his browser. Each time a message is sent, a cookie can be read, updated, and returned to the browser. Alternatively, the SCI or other server may initially read the cookie, compile information about all the messages sent from the web page, update the cookie with that collective information, and then transmit the cookie back to the web browser. Many other combinations of reading, updating, and returning a cookie are known to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of this invention.
In exemplary step 3708, the browser accesses information stored in the cookie. For example, a subscriber may initiate a query about the messages he sent from his browser. In this manner, a subscriber may query the system for the messages that have been received or read by their intended destination. The information contained in the cookie may be used to satisfy the query request. For example, the subscriber initiates a query request from his browser. Upon initiating the query, the network reads the cookie and obtains the message information. In one aspect of the invention, the message information comprises a unique message identifier for each message sent. The network obtains the message identifiers from the cookie and performs a query function based on those identifiers. The SCI or other server reads the cookie, strips out the message identifiers and passes a query request along with the identifiers to an incoming ARC. The ARC translates this request along with the identifiers into a common format and transmits this information to another network entity such as a DART, RAVE, or LAMB. A DART receives the request along with the identifiers and obtains the status of the messages from a connected data structure. The DART may perform a simple lookup in an MDS based on the message identifiers. The DART may then return the requested information to an ARC for translation. This information may then pass through an SCI or other server to be displayed on the subscriber's browser.
In another embodiment of the invention, the browser simply reads the message information from the cookie and displays it to the subscriber. In this example, the cookie may be updated by the network so that it contains information about whether the messages were received or read. In this manner, the network may read the cookie and update it with various information about the status of the message.
Finally, in exemplary step 3710, the message information is displayed on the browser. This information can be displayed on the browser in any format and methods for displaying information on a browser are known to those skilled in the art.
In this embodiment, the SCI serves up web page content, monitors the web page, receives responses from the web page, and processes those responses. At stage 3810, the SCI retrieves web page content to be displayed on a web page, and at stage 3820 displays that content on the web page. The SCI may access a data storage device to obtain the web page content and may also update portions of a web page with that content. At stage 3830, the SCI monitors the web page for responses from subscribers. At stage 3840, the SCI receives a response and, at stage 3850, the SCI processes that response. The SCI then continues to monitor the web page for further responses as illustrated in stage 3830.
If the response is not a query request, the flow proceeds to stage 4015 in which the SCI determines if the response is a request to create a password. In many instances, a subscriber may be able to create a password that can be associated with different aspects of his account. For example, a subscriber may be able to create a password protected distribution list. If the request is a create password request, then the SCI parses out the password entered by the subscriber as depicted in stage 4017. In this manner, the response itself contains a request to create a password along with the desired password. At stage 4020, the SCI places the password along with a request on the network transport. Alternately, the SCI passes the request and desired password to an ARC for translation before the request and desired password are placed on the network transport. At stage 4022, the SCI receives confirmation that the password has been created in the system. In one embodiment, this confirmation acknowledges the creation of the password as well as the password itself. At stage 4025, the SCI displays the confirmation information on the web page.
If the response is not a request to create a password, then the SCI determines if the response is a password required response as illustrated in stage 4027. For example, a subscriber may wish to access a password protected distribution list. In such a case, the subscriber must enter the password when prompted by the web page. The entry of this password is transmitted to the SCI for processing in the form of a password required response. At stage 4030, the SCI parse out the password. The SCI places the password along with a request on the network transport for processing by the network as illustrated in stage 4032. Alternately, the SCI passes the request and password to an ARC for translation and the ARC places the translated request and password on the network transport.
At stage 4035, the SCI receives the response from the network. Typically, this response contains information about the validity of the password. At stage 4037, the SCI, based on the response from the network, determines whether the password is valid. If it is valid, then the SCI permits access as depicted in stage 4040. If the password is invalid, then the SCI denies access as illustrated in stage 4042.
If the response is not a password required response, then the SCI determines if it is another type of request as illustrated in stage 4045. As noted, the SCI is capable of performing numerous functions by receiving responses entered by subscribers into a web page. If the response is a type of request, then the SCI parses out the necessary information in stage 4047. At stage 4050, the information, along with a request, is placed on the network transport for processing by the network. Alternately, the information and request are transmitted to an ARC for translation. At stage 4052, the SCI receives a response to the request, and at stage 4055, the SCI displays the relevant information. Finally, if the response is not a type of request, then the SCI performs error handling functions as illustrated in stage 4057.
LAMB
LAMB module 160 may further comprise a LAMB processor 4106 and a data storage module 4108. LAMB processor typically comprises a network input/output (I/O) module 4110 for interfacing with network transport layer 125 and a console input/output (I/O) module 4112 for interfacing with user console 4104. LAMB processor 4106 may also comprise a memory 4114 and a central processing unit (CPU) 4116. CPU 4116 may process instructions stored in memory 4114 for administering an error condition. Additionally, CPU 4116 may interface with data storage module 4108 to record information relating to message moving through the communications network. Optionally, memory 4114 and data storage module 4108 can be part of the same storage device.
For those messages that do provoke an error condition, the message is replayed through the communications network in step 4208. Step 4208 may comprise transmitting the message through the communications network in a safe mode of operation (as is known in the art), at the behest of a user, and/or on a step-by-step basis. Moreover, if, for example, the transmission of the may cause damage or other deleterious effects to the communications network, flags may be added to certain portions of the message indicate that certain operations associated with the message transmission are “dummy” operations, i.e., for troubleshooting and not for actual execution. This flagging operation may be implemented manually by a user or automatically via software resident in LAMB module 4106, for example.
Turning now to
In this way, the information may be used by the user to troubleshoot problems associated with the message transmission. Step 4306 may then revert back to step 4302 as needed to complete all steps necessary to transmit the message through the communications system.
Turning now to
Multiplexer 4402 is also operatively connected to one or more short message service centers (SMSC) 4406, which are responsible for providing response information in response to query messages, such as those that may be sent from content router 155. SMSC 4406 may comprise a content provider, such as an Internet or Intranet website, or any other information provider. Multiplexer 4402 may route request messages based on instructions provided by content router 155 to and from various SMSCs 4406 that provide information content. SMSCs 4406 may then send a query response message back through multiplexer 4402 to content router 155. Content router 155 may then send a request response message back to ESMEs 4404.
Content router 155, which may monitor the network transport layer 125 for such request messages, may then receive the request message and process the request message. Such processing may comprise, for example, sending a query message through an ARC 110 to an SMSC 105 based on the command and the at least one parameter. SMSC 105 functions to provide information content. Thus, SMSC 105 may, in turn, send a query response message back through an ARC 110 to content router 155 via the network transport layer 125. Here again, content router 155 may process the received query response message. After processing, content router 155 may send a request response message back to ESME 115 via network transport layer 125 and an ARC 110.
Additionally, network transport layer 125 may be operatively connected to a RAVE 130, which may act as a address aliasing facility to all elements of the communications network. In this way, the aliasing facility may receive a destination address, which is typically an abbreviation or shortened code, and send out its associated long code, address, or telephone number back to a requesting entity.
QUOTE SBC
requests a real-time stock quote for SBC Communications, Inc., wherein “QUOTE” is the command and “SBC” is the parameter. Furthermore, the message
QUOTE SBC BLS
is an example of a message with two parameters, wherein the message requests real-time stock quotes for SBC Communications, Inc. and BellSouth Corporation. Finally, the message
Weather
is an example of a message with a command and no parameters, wherein the message requests a weather report for a prespecified location. The present invention contemplates any number of such commands, such as TRAFFIC, SCORE, NEWS, and HELP. The present invention also contemplates that any of these commands may be modified and new commands could be added. Commands should generally comprise a mnemonic or an abbreviation for a service associated with the command.
In step 4602, content router 155 parses the received message determine the command, and, optionally, one or more parameters. In some cases, content router 155 may receive some messages where the command is not recognized. As an optional step to the exemplary method, content router 155 may determine if the received message contains a recognized command. If the received request message does not contain a recognized command, content router 155 may optionally send a further information request back to the entity that sent the request message. This further information request may seek clarification of the command in the original request message. Furthermore, content router 155 may send a query message comprising a default command if the received request message does not contain a recognized command.
Another optional step may be used for handling commands that are not recognized. This step comprises parsing received request message for at least a semblance of a recognized command. In actuality, this semblance of a recognized command may comprise a fragment of a command, a misspelled command, an aliased command, a command concatenated to a parameter, a command concatenated to an address, or an abbreviated command, for example. Once this semblance of a command is recognized, a recognized command may be associated with the semblance of a command. In this way, the associated command may be sent with a query message. The present invention contemplates that the step of associating a known command with a semblance of a command may be implemented via lookup tables, dictionaries, heuristics, and/or experience. Furthermore, the present invention contemplates that this step may be adaptive and changeable as new permutations of commands are encountered.
Using the command and the parameter(s), content router 155 fashions a query message based on a protocol associated with a content provider (step 4604). This step acknowledges that content providers (such as SMSC 105) may have specific message protocols for obtaining information that likely differ from those of the entity sending a message request. Optionally, the command may be associated with a certain content provider such that all messages comprising that command are sent to the certain content provider. In step 4606, content router 155 sends the query message to the content provider.
Content router 155 receives a message, parses the message for a command, fashions a query message in the format recognized by the content provider, and sends the query message to the content provider.
Typically, the content provider will process the query message in its own proprietary fashion. For example, the content provider may comprise an Internet or Intranet web site. Thus, data from the content provider may be obtained, for example, by sending a message that fills out appropriate fields in a web page and submits a request for information.
Again with reference to
Turning now to
Content router 155 fashions a query message in step 4706 based on a protocol associated with the destination address. Typically, the protocol of the device to which the query message is being sent will dictate the protocol of the query message, such as, for example, the posting of form data in a predetermined format for a Intranet or Internet web site. The query message is sent to the destination address in step 4708 by content router 155. Typically, a device associated with the destination address, such as a content provider, will process the query message and send a query response message back to content router 155. In step 4710, content router 155 receives a query response message from a device associated with the destination address.
Content router 155 may fashion a request response message in step 4712. This request response message may be based on a protocol associated with the request message. In step 4714, content router 155 sends this request response message typically to the device that sent a message request. This device could comprise an ESME 115, such as a mobile telephone or other wireless communication device. However, it is contemplated that content router 155 may send the request response message to other devices without departing from the scope of the present invention.
An example of the exemplary method of
141 QUOTE SBC
that is received by content router 155. In this message, “141” is the destination alias, “QUOTE” is the command, and “SBC” is the parameter. According to the exemplary method of
141
Content router 155 then receives a destination address from the aliasing facility, such as
111040000
where “111040000” is a destination address associated with the destination alias. Content router may then combine the destination address with the command and the one or more parameters, such as
111040000 QUOTE SBC
and send this message to network transport layer 125 for eventual delivery to a device associated with the destination address (e.g., a content provider). In this example, the device associated with the destination address may be a content provider that is capable of providing real-time stock quotes. In step 4700, content router 155 may receive a response from the content providing device at the destination address, such as
40.17
In this case “40.17” represents a current stock price for SBC Communications, Inc.
Content provider 155 can then fashion a request response message comprising this information and send the request response message back to the device that sent the original message request. Furthermore, content provider 155 would fashion the message based on a protocol associated with this device, such that the sent message would be understood by the device. Typically, this device would be an ESME 115, such as a mobile telephone or other wireless communication device. Thus, the stock price information could be displayed by the device remotely.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support SMPP3.4.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may use a database for storing the processing rules.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may provide a web based interface to maintain processing rules.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support keyword selection from the content of a message.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support keywords with regular expressions, for example a rule with [h-i]elp may accept help and ielp.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support keywords as case sensitive/insensitive.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support intelligent keyword selection. Keywords may be treated as if they do not have white space (E.g. Help Games can be listed as HelpGames)
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support arguments in the message contents (e.g., keyword followed by multiple arguments).
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support variable tags for argument selection (e.g. $1,$2,$3).
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may allow multiple Destination/Keyword combinations to take one specific action
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may support an engine which uses both the content and subject for rule evaluation.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may allow new rules to be added dynamically.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may allow modification of the originating and or destination address of the message.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may selectively create new content based on some/all of the parameters of the original message.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention may use delimiting characters (space, comma, hash, star, etc) to identify keywords and parameters.
If a routing rule does not exist then a default action may be provided (e.g. notify the originator of the problem).
It will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications of an obvious nature may be made, and all such changes and modifications are considered to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.
The application claims the benefit of priority from provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/332,376 filed Nov. 16, 2001 which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4527270 | Sweeton | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4625308 | Kim et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
| 5034976 | Sato | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5142693 | Hanks et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5224095 | Woest et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5313653 | Sasuta | May 1994 | A |
| 5325310 | Johnson et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5329578 | Brennan et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5406557 | Baudoin | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5436960 | Campana, Jr. et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5457732 | Goldberg | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5604788 | Tett | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5635918 | Tett | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5646676 | Dewkett et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5742668 | Pepe et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5742905 | Pepe et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5751798 | Mumick et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5754754 | Dudley et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5797094 | Houde et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5809415 | Rossmann | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5856825 | Yumoto et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5862325 | Reed et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5878230 | Weber et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5889839 | Beyda et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5889861 | Ohashi et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5915021 | Herlin et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5918158 | LaPorta et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5930239 | Turcotte | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5948061 | Merriman et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5960338 | Foti | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5966663 | Gleason | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5974203 | Tadokoro et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5978919 | Doi et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987317 | Venturini | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5987609 | Hasebe | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6012098 | Bayeh et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6075971 | Williams et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6085068 | Eaton et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6088717 | Reed et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6094573 | Heinonen et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6119014 | Alperovich et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6125281 | Wells et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6131118 | Stupek, Jr. et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6151696 | Miller et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6173415 | Litwin et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6175743 | Alperovich et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6202099 | Gillies et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6212550 | Segur | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6216008 | Lee | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6219542 | Aas et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6259910 | Fairfield et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6285889 | Nykanen et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6408177 | Parikh et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6473609 | Schwartz et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6480712 | Vigil | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6485396 | Stevens | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6487602 | Thakker | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6564253 | Stebbings | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6571245 | Huang et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6618763 | Steinberg | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6625447 | Rossmann | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6633756 | Tett | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6643507 | Chow et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6665378 | Spielman et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6671355 | Spielman et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6674767 | Kadyk et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6714204 | Ishida et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6714859 | Jones | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6718178 | Sladek et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6724863 | Bedingfield | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6731942 | Nageli | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6732175 | Abjanic | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6738636 | Lielbriedis | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6751298 | Bhogal et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6769010 | Knapp et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6823457 | Berstis et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6832243 | Mikalsen et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6871063 | Schiffer | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6873841 | Sagar | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6912400 | Olsson et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6981029 | Menditto et al. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6996393 | Pyhalammi et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7031437 | Parsons et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 20010016483 | Nakajima | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010027474 | Nachman et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010034226 | Watanabe et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010044310 | Lincke | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20020019743 | Nakamura | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020032027 | Kirani et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020055350 | Gupte et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020056006 | Vange et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020068554 | Dusse | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020090932 | Bhatia et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020102999 | Maggenti et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020112078 | Yach | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020115456 | Narinen et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020115457 | Koscal | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020123359 | Wei et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143954 | Aiken et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020160805 | Laitinen et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020168978 | Molnar et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020183080 | Poor et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030040298 | Heatley | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030045273 | Pyhalammi et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030050050 | Higuchi et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030061388 | Cleghorn et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030069975 | Abjanic et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030093412 | Urkumyan | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030123622 | Gifford et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20040029566 | Cunningham et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040029567 | Timmins et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040082316 | Duran et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040157586 | Robinson et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040230660 | Abjanic et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| WO 0103011 | Jan 2001 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20030109248 A1 | Jun 2003 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60332376 | Nov 2001 | US |
