Patent Application
20130169195
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Described herein is a new monochromatic slit designed to obtain a well-defined narrow beam, such that is essential in Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments. These guard slits are used to remove the fringes and diffraction effects from the first slits and to limit the background interference. The aperture is defined by 4 independently movable highly polished blades. The respective location of the blades are staggered such that the blades can pass over each other and thus ensure complete closure of the slit, without damaging the blades. These slits are only exposed to monochromatic beams and so will not require water cooling. The jaws are electrically isolated to allow drain current measurements for beam position monitoring.
The UHV slit, ultra high vacuum, described herein has several constituents which makeup to totality of the invention. These components will be described further and include slit and slit blades, actuator, controller/driver and drain current measurement.
The invention as described herein with references to subsequent drawings, contains similar reference characters intended to designate like elements throughout the depictions and several views of the depictions. It is understood that in some cases, various aspects and views of the invention may be exaggerated or blown up (enlarged) in order to facilitate a common understanding of the invention and its associated parts.
Provided herein is a detailed description of one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, specific details enclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure, or manner.
Blades 3, four, for the UHV slit are made from a machineable tungsten alloy, specifically 95% W, 3.5% Ni, 1.5% Cu. Each is wire EDM machined to shape followed by milling the surface relief and a preliminary grinding. After each blade is prepared, it undergoes a proprietary polishing process to give the highest quality knife-edge available in the synchrotron community. Two of the four blades of this embodiment are visible in both
The blade polishing process begins with a grinding operation designed to minimize the amount of material that must be removed during polishing. An edge and one of the faces are ground to an interior angle of 88° and then a second grinding operation relieves the face. Grinding produces an edge that is straight and true, but with pits and scratches that must be removed by polishing. Fixturing the slit is critical when polishing. The fixture must be extremely hard so that material is removed only from the blades, otherwise the knife-edge can become rounded. Two or more blades are usually polished together in a matched set to maintain parallelism. Both surfaces must be accessible without removing the blade as repositioning is impossible within the necessary tolerances.
Scratches are removed using a Buehler low-speed polisher with silicon carbide paper and polycrystalline diamond suspensions on fabrics of differing lumps. As finer grits are used the blades and fixturing must be thoroughly cleaned in an ultrasonic bath to remove larger particles. A final polish with colloidal silica is used when surface finish is critical. Wheel speed, applied force and polishing time varies with each step and is critical to the final quality. Too large a force leads to grain pull-out with Tungsten, which is extremely soft (Vickers hardness of 873). Relatively large force and long polishing time are required for Tantalum (Vickers hardness of 3430) yet over-polishing results in “orange-peel” that destroys the knife-edge.
The UHV Slit design incorporates both vertical and horizontal slit mechanisms, housed by a double sided flange 7, using a total of four blades for the overall design. The flange serves as a vacuum vessel when overall embodiment is set up. Blades 3 are respectively arranged in a staggered configuration so that the blades can pass over one another and thus ensure complete closure of the slit. Each of the four blades is individually controlled and motorized using a CTL-100-multi-axis stepper controller module 5, seen in
This module is a high-performance, integrated motion controller and driver offering outstanding trajectory accuracy and exceptional programming functionality. It combines simplicity of operation with advanced features to precisely control the most diverse displacement and synchronize them via measurement, command, or external acquisition strings. Supplying 500 W of motor drive power, the CTL-100 can simultaneously handle up to four axes of motion using stepping motors. Each motion controller driver has two electrical connections 10 for drain current measurement system, visible in
The CTL-100 uses a MicroLYNX Integrated Microstepping Motor Drive and High-Performance Machine/Process Controller. The MicroLYNX motion control system integrates a bipolar stepper motor microstepping drive and a versatile programmable indexer with expandable I/O and multiple communication ports all running off a single supply. The MicroLYNX4 runs at +12 to +48 VDC with 3 A RMS (4A peak) output and the MicroLYNX-7 runs at +24 to +75 VDC with 5A RMS (7A peak) output.
The CTL-100 provides several modes of positioning including synchronized and nonsynchronized point-to-point movement and jogging. Acceleration and deceleration rates are programmable on the fly as well as motor running, holding, and acceleration current. Encoder feedback can be used to make end-of-move position correction. Preprogrammed motion profiles can be synchronized to external events using IO functions.
The range of travel for each blade is from −3 mm to +30 mm depending on the size of the configuration. With modification, the blades can withstand a heat load of 5 watts. This modification precludes beam monitoring. Standard configuration does allow for beam monitoring, however, and in this configuration blades are independently, electrically isolated and have a connector and wire to enable beam monitoring. This is used to determine the position of the beam as it passed through the aperture 4 created by the four overlapping slit blades. The minimum DC resistance between the blade and earth is >1010 ohms. The vacuum vessel, double sided flange 7, contains four ports 11 for feedthroughs for drain current measurement.
The UHV Slit uses cross-roller bearing technology for exceptional straightness of travel of all four blades. A spring-extended linear encoder 6 with built-in home position is provided for each individual blade, within each module seen in
The four blades are electrically conducting and insulated from the vacuum vessel. Each such blade is connected to a feedthrough 8 with a standard BNC connector 9, within. The signal current resulting from the beam hitting the blades is in the milli- to micro-amp range per blade. The drive assembly uses stepper motor actuation and crossed-roller bearings. All UHV sections are vacuum tested to better than 5×10−9 torr.
