The present invention relates to a grinding method for a wafer held by a chuck table.
For instance, since size reduction and thickness reduction of various electronic apparatuses such as personal computers and smart phones have been demanded, there has also been a trend toward size reduction and thickness reduction of semiconductor devices used for these electronic apparatuses. In other words, in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor devices, a face side of a disk-shaped semiconductor wafer (simply referred to as a “wafer” below) is partitioned by a plurality of scheduled division lines called streets arranged in a grid pattern into a multiplicity of rectangular regions, and a device such as an integrated circuit (IC) and a large-scale integration (LSI) circuit is formed in each of the rectangular regions. The wafer thus formed with the multiplicity of devices is cut along the scheduled division lines, whereby a plurality of semiconductor chips are formed.
For realizing the size reduction and thickness reduction of the individual semiconductor chips, normally, a reverse side (a surface on the side opposite to the surface formed with the devices) of the wafer is ground before the wafer is cut along the scheduled division lines. The grinding of the wafer is conducted by pressing grindstones in high-speed rotation against the reverse side of the wafer, and, at the time of the grinding, grinding water is supplied to a contact region (grinding region) between the wafer and the grindstones, to thereby cool the contact region (grinding region) and remove swarf (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2009-141176).
Incidentally, the swarf generated by grinding of the wafer contains abrasive grains having fallen off from the grindstones, and in a case where the fallen-off abrasive grains invade into an area between a to-be-ground surface (reverse side) of the wafer and lower surfaces (grinding surfaces) of the grindstones during grinding, scratches deeper than grinding traces formed by the grindstones may be formed in the to-be-ground surface of the wafer. These scratches cause a lowering in the die strength of the chips obtained by dividing the wafer after the grinding.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wafer grinding method by which it is possible to restrain formation of scratches in the to-be-ground surface of a wafer and prevent a lowering in the die strength of the chips obtained by dividing the wafer.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wafer grinding method for grinding, by a grindstone, a reverse side of a wafer formed on a face side thereof with a plurality of devices, the wafer grinding method including a protective member forming step of covering a whole area of the face side of the wafer with a protective member, a holding step of holding the wafer by a chuck table with the protective member therebetween, and a grinding step of grinding the reverse side of the wafer by the grindstone while supplying grinding water containing a surfactant to the grindstone and the wafer.
According to the present invention, at the time of grinding, in the grinding step, the reverse side of the wafer held by the chuck table with the protective member therebetween in the holding step, the grinding water containing the surfactant is supplied to the grindstone and the wafer, so that abrasive grains having fallen off from the grindstone during grinding are separated and removed from the grinding water by an action of the surfactant. Hence, invasion of the abrasive grains into the area between the lower surface (grinding surface) of the grindstone and the reverse side (to-be-ground surface) of the wafer is prevented, and formation of scratches in the reverse side of the wafer by the abrasive grains is restrained. As a result, a lowering in the die strength of the chips obtained by dividing the ground wafer is prevented.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention and the manner of realizing them will become more apparent, and the invention itself will best be understood from a study of the following description and appended claims with reference to the attached drawings showing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
A mode of carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings. First, a configuration of a grinding apparatus for carrying out a grinding method according to the present invention will be described with reference to
A grinding apparatus 1 depicted in
Note that the grinding apparatus 1 includes, as other constituent elements, thickness measuring devices 51 and 52 for measuring the thickness of the wafer W during grinding, a cleaning unit 50 for cleaning the wafer W having undergone grinding, a cassette 81 for accommodating a plurality of the wafers W before being ground, a cassette 82 for accommodating the wafers W having undergone grinding, an alignment table 83 for aligning the wafer W taken out from the cassette 81, a conveying-in/out robot 84 for putting the wafers W into and out of the cassettes 81 and 82 and conveying the wafer W taken out from the cassette 81 to the alignment table 83, a first conveying unit 85 for conveying the wafer W aligned at the alignment table 83 to the chuck table 10 located in a wafer conveying-in/out region R1, a second conveying unit 90 for detaching the wafer W having undergone finish grinding in a finish grinding region R3 from the chuck table 10 and conveying the wafer W to the cleaning unit 50, and the like, the detailed descriptions of them being omitted.
Here, configurations of the chuck tables 10, the rough grinding unit 20, the finish grinding unit 30, and the grinding water supply unit 40, which are main constituent elements of the grinding apparatus 1, will be described.
The three chuck tables 10 are each a disk-shaped member, and are disposed on the turntable 2, which is intermittently rotated around a center axis perpendicular to the Z-axis direction, at a regular angular pitch (120° pitch) in a circumferential direction. The chuck tables 10 can be revolved around an axial center parallel to the Z-axis direction of the turntable 2 by an angle of 120° at a time by the intermittent rotation of the turntable 2, to be sequentially moved between the wafer conveying-in/out region R1, a rough grinding region R2, and the finish grinding region R3, and can be rotated at a predetermined speed around axial centers by an unillustrated rotating mechanism.
Here, as illustrated in
The grinding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30, and, as depicted in
In other words, the rough grinding unit 20 includes a spindle motor 22 fixed to a holder 21, a spindle 23 rotationally driven by the spindle motor 22, a disk-shaped mount 24 attached to a lower end of the spindle 23, and a grinding wheel 25 detachably mounted to a lower surface of the mount 24. Here, the grinding wheel 25 includes a disk-shaped base 25a and a plurality of grindstones 25b attached in an annular pattern to a lower surface of the base 25a.
In addition, like the rough grinding unit 20, the finish grinding unit 30 includes a spindle motor 32 fixed to a holder 31, a spindle 33 rotationally driven by the spindle motor 32, a disk-shaped mount 34 attached to a lower end of the spindle 33, and a grinding wheel 35 detachably mounted to a lower surface of the mount 34. Here, the grinding wheel 35 includes a disk-shaped base 35a and a plurality of grindstones 35b attached in an annular pattern to a lower surface of the base 35a, the grindstones 35b including abrasive grains finer than those of the grindstones 25b of the rough grinding unit 20.
Incidentally, the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30 are supported in such a manner as to be liftable and lowerable by lifting/lowering mechanisms 3 provided respectively on-Y axis direction end surfaces (front surfaces) of a pair of block-shaped columns 101 erected vertically along the X-axis direction (left-right direction) at the +Y axis direction end part (rear end part) of the base 100. Here, the lifting/lowering mechanisms 3 are the same in configuration, and, hence, a description thereof will be made below by denoting corresponding constituent elements by the same reference characters.
The lifting/lowering mechanisms 3 are mechanisms for respectively lifting and lowering the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30 along the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) independently, and each include a rectangular plate-shaped lifting/lowering plate 4 and guide rails 5 for guiding the lifting and lowering of the lifting/lowering plate 4. Here, the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30 are attached respectively to the lifting/lowering plates 4. In addition, the guide rails 5 are vertically disposed on the front surfaces of the columns 101.
Between the paired guide rails 5, a rotatable ball screw 6 is erected vertically along the Z-axis direction (vertical direction), and an upper end of the ball screw 6 is connected to a servo motor 7 which is a drive source that can rotate forwardly and reversely. Besides, a lower end of the ball screw 6 is rotatably supported on the column 101 through an unillustrated bearing, and the ball screw 6 is in screw engagement with an unillustrated nut member horizontally projected from a back surface of the lifting/lowering plate 4 toward the rear side (in the +Y axis direction).
Hence, when the servo motor 7 of each of the lifting/lowering mechanisms 3 configured as above is started to rotate each of the ball screws 6 forwardly or reversely, each of the lifting/lowering plates 4 from which the unillustrated nut members in screw engagement with the ball screws 6 are projected is lifted or lowered, so that the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30 attached to the lifting/lowering plates 4 are also lifted or lowered along the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) independently from each other.
As depicted in
A piping 42 extends from the grinding water supply source 41, and two branch pipes 42a and 42b are branched from the piping 42. The branch pipes 42a and 42b are connected respectively to unillustrated supply channels formed in axial center parts of the spindle motors 22 and 32 of the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30, and on-off valves V1 and V2 are provided respectively at intermediate parts of the branch pipes 42a and 42b. Note that, though not illustrated, the unillustrated supply channels formed in the axial center parts of the spindle motors 22 and 32 of the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30 communicate with unillustrated supply channels formed in the spindles 23 and 33, the mounts 24 and 34, and the grinding wheels 25 and 35 of the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30, and, by switching the opening and closure of the on-off valves V1 and V2, the grinding water containing the surfactant is selectively supplied to the contact region (grinding region) between the grindstones 25b or 35b of the rough grinding unit 20 or the finish grinding unit 30 and the wafer W during grinding.
Next, the grinding method for the wafer W according to the present invention that is carried out by the grinding apparatus 1 configured as above will be described below.
The grinding method for the wafer W according to the present invention is a method of grinding the reverse side of the wafer W through (1) a protective member forming step, (2) a holding step, and (3) a grinding step. These steps will be respectively described below.
The protective member forming step is a step in which the protective tape T which is a protective member is stuck to the face side (in
The holding step is a step of holding the wafer W, with the protective tape T stuck to the face side thereof by the above-mentioned protective member forming step, on the holding surface 10a of the chuck table 10 with the protective tape T on the lower side, as depicted in
The grinding step includes a rough grinding step of performing rough grinding of the reverse side (in
As has been described above, the rough grinding step is a step in which the reverse side of the wafer W held on the holding surface 10a of the chuck table 10 is subjected to rough grinding. As depicted in
In order to perform rough grinding of the reverse side (in
When the grindstones 25b are lowered in the −Z axis direction by the lifting/lowering mechanism 3 depicted in
At the time of rough grinding of the wafer W, the grinding water containing the surfactant is supplied from the grinding water supply source 41 of the grinding water supply unit 40 depicted in
In addition, during the rough grinding of the wafer W by the grindstones 25b of the rough grinding unit 20, the thickness of the wafer W is measured by the thickness measuring device 51 depicted in
As has been described above, the finish grinding step is a step of performing finish grinding of the reverse side of the wafer W held on the holding surface 10a of the chuck table 10, in which the holding surface 10a of the chuck table 10 is driven to be rotated in a direction of a depicted arrow around a vertical axis passing through the center thereof, as depicted in
In order to perform the finish grinding of the reverse side (in
When the grindstones 35b are lowered in the −Z axis direction by the lifting/lowering mechanism 3 depicted in
At the time of finish grinding of the wafer W, the grinding water containing the surfactant is supplied from the grinding water supply source 41 of the grinding water supply unit 40 depicted in
In addition, during the finish grinding of the wafer W by the grindstones 35b of the finish grinding unit 30, the thickness of the wafer W is measured by the thickness measuring device 52 depicted in
The wafer W having been conveyed to the cleaning unit 50 is held on a spinner table 53 of the cleaning unit 50 and is rotated together with the spinner table 53, and the to-be-ground surface (upper surface) thereof is cleaned by a jet of cleaning water from a cleaning water jet nozzle 54. The wafer W having its to-be-ground surface thus cleaned is held by the conveying-in/out robot 84 and is conveyed to the cassette 82, to be accommodated into the cassette 82, whereby a series of grinding operations on the wafer W are finished.
As has been described above, in the grinding method for the wafer W according to the present invention, at the time of grinding, in the grinding steps (the rough grinding step and the finish grinding step), the reverse side of the wafer W held by the chuck table 10 with the protective tape T therebetween in the holding step, the grinding water containing the surfactant is supplied to the contact region (grinding region) S1 or S2 (see
Note that, in the grinding apparatus 1 according to the above-described embodiment, a system in which the grinding water is supplied from axial centers of the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30 toward the wafer W has been adopted, but it is also possible to adopt a system in which the grinding water is supplied sideways from a cleaning water jet nozzle disposed at a lateral side of the chuck table 10 toward the wafer W. Here, the cleaning water jet nozzle may include one of or both an inside nozzle that is disposed inside the grinding wheel and jets the grinding water to inside surfaces of the grindstones and an outside nozzle that is disposed outside the grinding wheel and jets the grinding water to outside surfaces of the grindstones.
In addition, the grinding apparatus 1 may be configured to include either one of the rough grinding unit 20 and the finish grinding unit 30. Further, the grinding apparatus 1 may be configured to include one grinding unit and one chuck table.
The present invention is not limited to the details of the above described preferred embodiment. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and all changes and modifications as fall within the equivalence of the scope of the claims are therefore to be embraced by the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2023-063577 | Apr 2023 | JP | national |