Indexing scheme relating to A/D or D/A conversion

HELECTRICITY H03Electronic circuits H03MCODING DECODING CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL

H03M2201/00Indexing scheme relating to A/D or D/A conversion

H03M2201/01First edition H03M2201/02Second edition H03M2201/03Third edition H03M2201/10Conversion systems H03M2201/11A/D conversion systems H03M2201/1109Servo-systems for A/D conversion H03M2201/1118without D/A converter in feedback [3] H03M2201/1127in which the digital generator is adjusted in a predetermined direction regardless of the sign of the error H03M2201/1136with auxiliary A/D conversion of the error signal H03M2201/1145with intermediate conversion of the error to frequency [2] H03M2201/1154using a counter as digital generator H03M2201/1163the counter being a reversible one H03M2201/1172Subranging H03M2201/1181with scaling between the steps [2] H03M2201/119using an auxiliary D/A converter [2] H03M2201/12D/A conversion systems H03M2201/122Servo-systems for D/A conversion H03M2201/124in which the analogue generator is adjusted in a predetermined direction regardless of the sign of the error H03M2201/126with auxiliary D/A conversion of the error signal H03M2201/128using a servomotor as analogue generator H03M2201/13A/D convertible into D/A H03M2201/14Scale factor modification H03M2201/145using an auxiliary D/A or A/D converter [2] H03M2201/16Coarse and fine conversions H03M2201/162by interpolation other than subranging [2] H03M2201/165Vernier or Nonius type interpolation [3] H03M2201/167with overlapping ranges H03M2201/17Multiplexing H03M2201/173Timesharing H03M2201/176Interleaving H03M2201/19Applications [H] H03M2201/192Measuring systems H03M2201/194Control systems H03M2201/196Communications systems H03M2201/198Computing systems H03M2201/20A/D converters H03M2201/21Digital pattern reading type H03M2201/2103Characteristics of the coding [H] H03M2201/2107Providing an absolute position [3] H03M2201/2111using a pure representation H03M2201/2114with denominational arrangement H03M2201/2118on one track [3] H03M2201/2122with plural readers per track [2] H03M2201/2125Providing an incremental position H03M2201/2129with additional synchronisation marks H03M2201/2133with directional discrimination H03M2201/2137Providing real and complementary signals H03M2201/214Anti-ambiguity arrangements H03M2201/2144V-arrangement of readers [2] H03M2201/2148Characteristics of the pattern carriers of readers [H] H03M2201/2151Type of pattern carrier or reader means H03M2201/2155Mechanical H03M2201/2159Switches commutators H03M2201/2162formed by a printed circuit pattern H03M2201/2166Cathodes ray tubes H03M2201/217Capacitive H03M2201/2174Magnetic H03M2201/2177using a recorded pattern H03M2201/2181using variable reluctance H03M2201/2185Photoelectric H03M2201/2188by generating an interference pattern [2] H03M2201/2192Radiation other than visible light H03M2201/2196Constructional details H03M2201/22Analogue comparing type H03M2201/2208with separate comparision for each quantization level H03M2201/2216with parallel operation H03M2201/2225with separate comparison for each denomination [3] H03M2201/2233with serial operation H03M2201/2241using a single stage H03M2201/225using plural stages H03M2201/2258with free-running operation [2] H03M2201/2266in which the reference is modified at each step or stage H03M2201/2275in which the input is modified at each step or stage H03M2201/2283with scaling between the steps or stages H03M2201/2291with auxiliary D/A converter H03M2201/23Intermediate conversion to time interval type H03M2201/2305in which a reference signal sweeps through the range of possible values H03M2201/2311using a continuously varying analogue reference signal H03M2201/2316in which the digital signal is produced from the reference signal by an auxiliary A/D converter H03M2201/2322using a stepwise varying analogue reference signal H03M2201/2327in which the reference signal is produced by stepwise charging or discharging a capacitor H03M2201/2333in which the reference signal is produced from the digital generator using an auxiliary D/A converter H03M2201/2338in which the input signal or a signal derived therefrom is reduced or increased until a predetermined reference value is reached H03M2201/2344the input signal or its derivative varying continuously H03M2201/235Single slope type [3] H03M2201/2355Dual slope type H03M2201/2361the input signal or its derivative varying stepwise H03M2201/2366with intermediate conversion to pulse width [3] H03M2201/2372with intermediate conversion to phase or time of phase reversal H03M2201/2377Input sampling without holding [3] H03M2201/2383Input sampling combined with integration [2] H03M2201/2388the time interval consisting of multiple subintervals [2] H03M2201/2394Interval or phase digitising without counting [2] H03M2201/24Intermediate conversion to pulse frequency type H03M2201/241using a free running oscillator [2] H03M2201/243using a reset integrator [2] H03M2201/245using a unit discharge integrator H03M2201/246using a clock operated generator [2] H03M2201/248using a reversible counter [2] H03M2201/30D/A converters H03M2201/31Selection, addition or subtraction of quantisation values H03M2201/3105Successive addition or subtraction of selected values H03M2201/311with plural stages H03M2201/3115Simultaneous addition or subtraction of selected values H03M2201/3121the values having different weights [3] H03M2201/3126the values having equal weights [3] H03M2201/3131Direct selection from all possible values H03M2201/3136Specific network arrangement H03M2201/3142Series network H03M2201/3147Parallel network [3] H03M2201/3152Comb network H03M2201/3157Specific kinds of quantisation values H03M2201/3163Impedances [H] H03M2201/3168Resistors H03M2201/3173Inductors H03M2201/3178Capacitors H03M2201/3184Phase shifters H03M2201/3189Voltage sources [3] H03M2201/3194Current sources [3] H03M2201/32Intermediate conversion to time interval type H03M2201/322characterised by the way in which the time interval is generated [H] H03M2201/324using a digital comparator for generating the time interval [2] H03M2201/326Time interval generation without counting [2] H03M2201/328the time interval consisting of multiple subintervals [2] H03M2201/33Intermediate conversion to pulse frequency type [2] H03M2201/40Information representation [H] H03M2201/41Analogue signals H03M2201/4105Positive/negative indication H03M2201/411Ensemble of signals belonging together [3] H03M2201/4115Position signals H03M2201/412representing linear position H03M2201/4125representing angular position H03M2201/413Electrical signals H03M2201/4135Momentary value H03M2201/414Random pulses [2] H03M2201/4145Modulated carrier [H] H03M2201/415Amplitude modulated carrier H03M2201/4155Phase modulated carrier H03M2201/416Frequency modulated carrier H03M2201/4165Modulated pulses [H] H03M2201/417Amplitude modulated pulses H03M2201/4175Time modulated pulses H03M2201/418Width modulated pulses H03M2201/4185Frequency modulated pulses H03M2201/419Light signals [2] H03M2201/4195Temperature signals [2] H03M2201/42Digital signals [H] H03M2201/4204positive/negative indication H03M2201/4208Temporal or spatial distribution [H] H03M2201/4212Serial H03M2201/4216Serial-parallel H03M2201/422Parallel-serial H03M2201/4225Parallel H03M2201/4229Elementary signals [H] H03M2201/4233Bivalued H03M2201/4237Multivalued H03M2201/4241other than amplitude H03M2201/4245Denominational arrangements [H] H03M2201/425Non-denominational H03M2201/4254One-bit information [2] H03M2201/4258Denominational H03M2201/4262Binary radix H03M2201/4266Decimal radix H03M2201/427Floating-point representation [2] H03M2201/4275Coding [H] H03M2201/4279Pure H03M2201/4283x-out-of-n code H03M2201/4287Combination code other than those forming a straight power series H03M2201/4291Unit distance code H03M2201/4295Pattern shifting code H03M2201/50Additional conversions [H] H03M2201/51Analogue conversions H03M2201/512Mechanical/electrical H03M2201/514Electrical/other electrical H03M2201/516Impedance/voltage or current [2] H03M2201/518with analogue feedback H03M2201/52Digital conversions H03M2201/521Bivalued/multivalued H03M2201/522Non-denominational/denominational Pure/combination code H03M2201/523between different combination codes between different radices H03M2201/524Binary/decimal H03M2201/525Normal/reflected H03M2201/526Parallel/serial H03M2201/527Rounding H03M2201/528Complementing or inverting [3] H03M2201/53Non-linear conversions H03M2201/531outside the actual A/D or D/A [2] H03M2201/532Specific type of non-linearity H03M2201/533Goniometric H03M2201/534Logarithmic, exponential H03M2201/535Maximum, minimum H03M2201/536Average H03M2201/537Integration H03M2201/538Differentiation H03M2201/539Hyperbolic H03M2201/60Fidelity improvement H03M2201/61Adjustment or control means [H] H03M2201/6107Operation method [H] H03M2201/6114Manual H03M2201/6121Automatic H03M2201/6128in feedforward mode [3] H03M2201/6135in feedback mode [3] H03M2201/6142Means used [H] H03M2201/615Compensation [3] H03M2201/6157with auxiliary D/A or A/D conversion [2] H03M2201/6164using stored correction values [3] H03M2201/6171using a computer for more than just storing [3] H03M2201/6178Dither [3] H03M2201/6185Interpolation [3] H03M2201/6192Redundancy [3] H03M2201/62Precision improvement Layout optimisation [2] H03M2201/622Accuracy improvement [3] H03M2201/625Resolution enhancement [3] H03M2201/627using an n-bit converter for obtaining a resolution of more than n bits [3] H03M2201/63Calibration Deviation correction [2] H03M2201/6309Timing [H] H03M2201/6318in-between normal conversions [3] H03M2201/6327during normal conversions [3] H03M2201/6336periodically [3] H03M2201/6345Type of correction [H] H03M2201/6354Component mismatch correction [3] H03M2201/6363Mechanical alignment [3] H03M2201/6372Linearisation of non-linear characteristic [3] H03M2201/6381Gain H03M2201/639Offset or drift correction [3] H03M2201/64Noise reduction [2] H03M2201/641Type of noise [H] H03M2201/642Quantisation noise [3] H03M2201/643Power supply variations H03M2201/644Switching transients H03M2201/645Method [3] H03M2201/646Filtering [H] H03M2201/647on input [3] H03M2201/648Output smoothing H03M2201/65Error detection or correction [2] H03M2201/652out-of-range indication [3] H03M2201/655Power failure [3] H03M2201/657Testing [3] H03M2201/70Additional functions H03M2201/71Sampling Holding [3] H03M2201/711Place [H] H03M2201/712at input H03M2201/713at output [2] H03M2201/714Means [H] H03M2201/715Electrical H03M2201/716Mechanical H03M2201/717Optical [3] H03M2201/718Digital latching H03M2201/72Computing H03M2201/721Multiplying H03M2201/722Dividing H03M2201/723Pre- or post-treatment [3] H03M2201/725Numerical [3] H03M2201/726Analogue [3] H03M2201/727Computer as part of converter [3] H03M2201/728Conversion partially by software [3] H03M2201/73Accelerated conversion [2] H03M2201/75Synchronisation [3] H03M2201/76Pipelining [3] H03M2201/77Feedback means not provided for elsewhere [3] H03M2201/78Prediction [3] H03M2201/79Time recording H03M2201/80Components, circuits or devices used with or within A/D or D/A converters but not disclosed in detail and not provided for elsewhere [H] H03M2201/81Electrical components H03M2201/8104Discharge tubes H03M2201/8108Vacuum tubes H03M2201/8112Gaseous tubes H03M2201/8116Counting tubes Beam switching tubes H03M2201/812Cathode ray tubes H03M2201/8124Semiconductor devices H03M2201/8128Diodes H03M2201/8132Transistors H03M2201/8136bipolar [3] H03M2201/814FET [2] H03M2201/8144Zener diodes H03M2201/8148Tunnel diodes H03M2201/8152Capacitive devices [H] H03M2201/8156Varistors H03M2201/816Ferro-electric capacitors H03M2201/8164Switched capacitors [3] H03M2201/8168Charge-coupled devices [3] H03M2201/8172Magnetic devices [H] H03M2201/8176Magnetic cores H03M2201/818Magnetic film devices [2] H03M2201/8184Hall effect devices H03M2201/8188Parametrons H03M2201/8192Photoelectric devices H03M2201/8196Superconductive devices H03M2201/82Basic electrical circuits [H] H03M2201/822Bridge circuits [3] H03M2201/825Delay lines [2] H03M2201/827Travelling-wave guides [3] H03M2201/83Basic logic components [H] H03M2201/831Counters [2] H03M2201/832bidirectional [2] H03M2201/834Look-up tables H03M2201/835(Pseudo-)random generators [2] H03M2201/837Shift registers [2] H03M2201/838Microprocessors H03M2201/84Electro-mechanical components [H] H03M2201/841Dynamo-electric machines H03M2201/842Synchro H03M2201/843Resolvers H03M2201/844Servomotors H03M2201/845Stepping motors [3] H03M2201/846Switching circuits [H] H03M2201/847Switches H03M2201/848Relays H03M2201/849Choppers H03M2201/85Mechanical components [H] H03M2201/853Reduction gearings H03M2201/856Shaft couplings H03M2201/90Miscellaneous [H] H03M2201/91Theory H03M2201/915Code theory H03M2201/93Constructional details H03M2201/931Symmetrical configuration [2] H03M2201/932of electrical parts or components [3] H03M2201/933Processing circuitry [3] H03M2201/934on one chip H03M2201/935Battery powered [3] H03M2201/936of mechanical parts or components [3] H03M2201/937Housing [3] H03M2201/938of optical parts or components [3]