Lighting devices or systems specially adapted for vehicles

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F21Lighting F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF

F21S48/00Lighting devices or systems specially adapted for vehicles

F21S48/10Headlamps F21S48/11characterised by the light source F21S48/1104Attachment of light sources; Lamp holders; Terminals or connectors therefor F21S48/1109Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors F21S48/1113Bayonet attachments F21S48/1118Wire spring attachments F21S48/1122Snap-fit attachments F21S48/1127Type of emitted light F21S48/1131Colored light F21S48/1136Ultraviolet [UV] or infrared [IR] light F21S48/114Polarized light F21S48/1145Type of light source F21S48/115Light emitting diodes (LEDs) F21S48/1154the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the headlamp F21S48/1159the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the headlamp F21S48/1163Surface emitters F21S48/1168Incandescent light sources F21S48/1172having two or more filaments F21S48/1177characterised by the shape of the filament F21S48/1181having a filament being arranged transversally to the optical axis of the headlamp F21S48/1186High intensity discharge [HID] light source F21S48/119Fluorescent, elongated light source F21S48/1195Combination of light sources of different types or shapes F21S48/12characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates or filters F21S48/1208Attachment of refractors, transparent cover plates or filters F21S48/1216specially adapted to projection lenses F21S48/1225Type of refractor, transparent cover plates or filters F21S48/1233Cover glass F21S48/1241Light guides F21S48/125Projection lenses F21S48/1258Lenses with a circular or truncated circular outline, when seen from the front F21S48/1266Elongated lenses F21S48/1275Composite lenses; Lenses with a patch like shape F21S48/1283Lens surfaces F21S48/1291Thick lenses for providing the final automotive light distribution F21S48/13characterised by reflectors F21S48/1305Attachment of reflectors F21S48/1311specially adapted to extension reflectors F21S48/1317Optical design F21S48/1323the reflector being a surface of revolution or a planar surface F21S48/1329the reflector using total internal reflection F21S48/1335the reflector having two perpendicular cross sections having regular geometrical curves of a distinct nature F21S48/1341the reflector consisting of complete annular areas F21S48/1347with continuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S48/1352with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S48/1358the reflector consisting of patch like sectors F21S48/1364with continuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S48/137with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S48/1376the reflector having a structured surface F21S48/1382the reflector having surface portions added to its general concavity F21S48/1388Combination of two or more reflectors F21S48/1394Material, surface treatment or coating of the reflector F21S48/14characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades F21S48/142Attachment thereof F21S48/145Details of the shape of screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades F21S48/147Hoods or cap-shaped F21S48/15characterised by aesthetical components or components other than light sources, reflectors, refractors or screens F21S48/155Attachment thereof F21S48/17characterised by a variable light distribution F21S48/1705Light distributions being switched F21S48/171between right and left traffic side F21S48/1715by acting on refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S48/1721by moving refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S48/1726by changing the light transmissivity of the refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S48/1731by electro-optic means F21S48/1736by acting on light sources F21S48/1742by moving light sources F21S48/1747by switching light sources F21S48/1752by acting on reflectors F21S48/1757by moving reflectors F21S48/1763by acting on screens F21S48/1768by moving screens F21S48/1773Blades F21S48/1778Flaps F21S48/1784Shields, i.e. screens not creating an image meant to be projected F21S48/1789Rotating screens F21S48/1794Shafts F21S48/20Signal lamps F21S48/21characterised by the light source F21S48/211Attachment of light sources; Lamp holders, terminals or connectors therefor F21S48/212Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors F21S48/214Type of the light source F21S48/215Light emitting diodes (LEDs) F21S48/217Surface emitters F21S48/218Strips of light sources F21S48/22characterised by refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S48/2206Attachment thereof F21S48/2212Type of refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S48/2218Filters F21S48/2225Light guides F21S48/2231characterised by the shape of the light guide F21S48/2237Bar or rod-like light guides F21S48/2243Plate-like light guides F21S48/225Light guides of complex shape or comprising a portion having a complex shape F21S48/2256characterised by the emission area F21S48/2262the light guide emitting on its extremity F21S48/2268the light guide emitting on its surface F21S48/2275characterised by the number of light sources coupled into the light guide F21S48/2281Multiple light sources F21S48/2287Single light source F21S48/2293the light guide being used to transport light from a remote light source F21S48/23characterised by reflectors F21S48/232Attachment thereof F21S48/234Optical design thereof F21S48/236using total internal reflection F21S48/238Materials thereof F21S48/24characterised by the combination of reflectors and refractors F21S48/25characterised by aesthetical components or components other than light sources, reflectors, refractors F21S48/255Attachment thereof F21S48/30Arrangements dedicated to purposes other than light emission or distribution F21S48/31Protection of the lighting devices F21S48/32Cooling of the lighting devices F21S48/321Attachment of the means for cooling; Cooling arrangements F21S48/323Forced cooling F21S48/325using air or other gas F21S48/326using liquid F21S48/328Passive cooling F21S48/33Waterproofing F21S48/332Provisions for ventilation or drainage F21S48/335specifically adapted for headlamps F21S48/337specifically adapted for signal lamps F21S48/34Heating of the lighting devices