Thermal treatment

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CPC
C23C14/5806

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CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C23Surface treatment C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material

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C23C14/5806Thermal treatment

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Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Method for producing ferroelectric film, ferroelectric film, and us...
- Patent number 12,359,300
- Issue date Jul 15, 2025
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Hiroshi Funakubo
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
CuV2O6-based photoelectric sensor and application thereof in detect...
- Patent number 12,332,207
- Issue date Jun 17, 2025
- Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytic...
- Fuxian Wang
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method of fabricating silicon carbide material by performing a firs...
- Patent number 12,319,581
- Issue date Jun 3, 2025
- GlobalWafers Co., Ltd.
- Ching-Shan Lin
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
P-type gallium oxide film, and preparation method and application t...
- Patent number 12,297,527
- Issue date May 13, 2025
- HUBEI UNIVERSITY
- Yunbin He
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for producing nitride semiconductor photoelectrode
- Patent number 12,286,718
- Issue date Apr 29, 2025
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
- Yuya Uzumaki
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Thin film structure including dielectric material layer, method of...
- Patent number 12,276,026
- Issue date Apr 15, 2025
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Bo-Eun Park
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Self-powered ultraviolet photodetection performance using Au/Ta2O5/...
- Patent number 12,268,033
- Issue date Apr 1, 2025
- United Arab Emirates University
- Sambasivam Sangaraju
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices
- Patent number 12,242,163
- Issue date Mar 4, 2025
- View, Inc.
- Mark Kozlowski
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Grant
Laminated body and door or wall
- Patent number 12,227,991
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- AGC Inc.
- Kazuya Yaoita
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
High-temperature component
- Patent number 12,227,829
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Plansee SE
- Bernhard Mayr-Schmoelzer
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for producing piezoelectric actuator
- Patent number 12,219,876
- Issue date Feb 4, 2025
- Seiko Epson Corporation
- Harunobu Koike
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Counter electrode for electrochromic devices
- Patent number 12,209,048
- Issue date Jan 28, 2025
- View, Inc.
- Dane Thomas Gillaspie
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Grant
Ion beam sputtering with ion assisted deposition for coatings on ch...
- Patent number 12,195,839
- Issue date Jan 14, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Jennifer Y. Sun
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Use of vapor deposition coated flow paths for improved chromatograp...
- Patent number 12,180,581
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- Waters Technologies Corporation
- Stephen J. Shiner
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Manufacturing method of metal oxide and manufacturing method of sem...
- Patent number 12,176,210
- Issue date Dec 24, 2024
- Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
- Shunpei Yamazaki
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Anti-fingerprint coatings
- Patent number 12,163,052
- Issue date Dec 10, 2024
- UT-Battelle, LLC
- Tolga Aytug
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
SERS electrode having transition metal oxide nanoparticle layer
- Patent number 12,158,427
- Issue date Dec 3, 2024
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Transparent conductive film-attached glass sheet, transparent condu...
- Patent number 12,145,876
- Issue date Nov 19, 2024
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
- Yoshinori Hasegawa
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for making an SERS electrode
- Patent number 12,135,290
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Cesium tungsten oxide film and method for manufacturing same
- Patent number 12,134,819
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
- Keiichi Sato
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for measuring Raman nano-light spectra from solid support
- Patent number 12,117,400
- Issue date Oct 15, 2024
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Methods for perovskite device processing by vapor transport deposition
- Patent number 12,112,897
- Issue date Oct 8, 2024
- First Solar, Inc.
- Le Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Conductive thin film for ultraviolet waveband and preparation metho...
- Patent number 12,107,192
- Issue date Oct 1, 2024
- ZHONGSHAN INSTITUTE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY O...
- Hong Wang
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Oxidation-resistant coated superalloy
- Patent number 12,103,267
- Issue date Oct 1, 2024
- Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
- Joel Larose
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Systems and methods for tailored microstructures using templated gr...
- Patent number 12,098,456
- Issue date Sep 24, 2024
- Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Arizona State University
- Jagannathan Rajagopalan
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Promoting adhesion of thin films
- Patent number 12,098,459
- Issue date Sep 24, 2024
- SY&SE SA
- Florian Telmont
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
TM-Al—O—N coating layers with increased thermal stability
- Patent number 12,098,457
- Issue date Sep 24, 2024
- OERLIKON SURFACE SOLUTIONS AG, PFAFFIKON
- Anders Olof Eriksson
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Methods for printing a conductive pillar with high precision
- Patent number 12,089,343
- Issue date Sep 10, 2024
- Reophotonics, Ltd.
- Michael Zenou
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Plated steel material having excellent adhesion to plating and corr...
- Patent number 12,077,845
- Issue date Sep 3, 2024
- POSCO Co., Ltd
- Seok-Jun Hong
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Seeded solid-phase crystallization of transparent conducting vanada...
- Patent number 12,074,235
- Issue date Aug 27, 2024
- Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- Paul Gregory Evans
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
INCREASED ETCH RESISTANCE OF NITRIDE LAYERS USING CHEMICAL VAPOR DE...
- Publication number 20250226211
- Publication date Jul 10, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Rajesh PRASAD
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILM COMPRISING INDIUM-SELENIDE COMPOUND, THIN F...
- Publication number 20250191915
- Publication date Jun 12, 2025
- POSTECH Research and Business Development Foundation
- Yong-Young NOH
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Boron-Based and High-Entropy Magnetic Materials
- Publication number 20250182963
- Publication date Jun 5, 2025
- GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
- Kai Liu
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
STRESS CONTROL METHOD FOR PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM
- Publication number 20250171887
- Publication date May 29, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Yaoying Zhong
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PROCESS FOR PRE-LITHIATION AND EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME
- Publication number 20250167197
- Publication date May 22, 2025
- Ulvac, Inc.
- Akiyoshi SUZUKI
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR
- Publication number 20250158011
- Publication date May 15, 2025
- Shenzhen Huineng Energy Storage Materials Engineering Research Center Co., LTD.
- Faping ZHONG
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Ti MATERIAL FOR FUEL CELL SEPARATOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE...
- Publication number 20250158085
- Publication date May 15, 2025
- Hyundai Motor Company
- Dong-Jae Choi
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
DEPOSITION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPLAY APPARATUS
- Publication number 20250137116
- Publication date May 1, 2025
- SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD.
- Jaewan SEOL
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Method for Improved Heavy Metal Wetting on a Surface
- Publication number 20250109476
- Publication date Apr 3, 2025
- UChicago Argonne, LLC
- Sumit Bhattacharya
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
HEATING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM
- Publication number 20250101574
- Publication date Mar 27, 2025
- Resonac Corporation
- Gohei KUROKAWA
- G11 - INFORMATION STORAGE
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRET MATERIAL
- Publication number 20250075310
- Publication date Mar 6, 2025
- Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
- Kenichi OKUMURA
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
ENGINEERING METAL OXIDE LAYER INTERFACES TO IMPROVE ELECTRONIC DEVI...
- Publication number 20250040191
- Publication date Jan 30, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Dejiu Fan
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Methods for Perovskite Device Processing by Vapor Transport Deposition
- Publication number 20250029792
- Publication date Jan 23, 2025
- First Solar, Inc.
- Le Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
INDIUM TIN OXIDE FILM COATED UPSTANDING SILICON NANOWIRES (ITO/USNW...
- Publication number 20250012791
- Publication date Jan 9, 2025
- National Chung Hsing University
- Shu-Ping Lin
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
AMORPHOUS TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE FILMS AND METHODS OF FABRICA...
- Publication number 20250003056
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- Corning Incorporated
- Paulo Clovis Dainese
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
GAS-ASSISTED COCRYSTAL DE-SUBLIMATION
- Publication number 20240425966
- Publication date Dec 26, 2024
- The Regents of the University of Michigan
- Max Shtein
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR IMPROVING ANTI-REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF PTC THERMOSENSIT...
- Publication number 20240428967
- Publication date Dec 26, 2024
- JIANGSU NEW LINZHI ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- QIUYUN FU
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Application
PLATED STEEL MATERIAL HAVING EXCELLENT ADHESION TO PLATING AND CORR...
- Publication number 20240417844
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- POSCO CO., LTD.
- Seok-Jun HONG
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILICON ELECTRODES AS ANODES FOR LITHIUM BATTE...
- Publication number 20240417843
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- NORCSI GMBH
- Udo REICHMANN
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Application
P-TYPE GALLIUM OXIDE FILM, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION T...
- Publication number 20240410047
- Publication date Dec 12, 2024
- HUBEI UNIVERSITY
- Yunbin HE
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CRYSTALLIZED LAMINATED STRUCTURE
- Publication number 20240401224
- Publication date Dec 5, 2024
- Junji Tominaga
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
COATED ARTICLE WITH ENHANCED OXIDATION RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
- Publication number 20240392429
- Publication date Nov 28, 2024
- OERLIKON SURFACE SOLUTIONS AG, PFÄFFIKON
- Thomas GLECHNER
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
OPTICAL FILTER AND SENSOR SYSTEM
- Publication number 20240393516
- Publication date Nov 28, 2024
- VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
- Karen Denise HENDRIX
- G06 - COMPUTING CALCULATING COUNTING
Information Patent Application
SILICON CARBIDE MATERIAL
- Publication number 20240359991
- Publication date Oct 31, 2024
- GLOBALWAFERS CO., LTD.
- Ching-Shan Lin
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
SERS ELECTRODE HAVING TRANSITION METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE LAYER
- Publication number 20240328954
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS
- Mohammad Kamal HOSSAIN
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR MEASURING RAMAN NANO-LIGHT SPECTRA FROM SOLID SUPPORT
- Publication number 20240328955
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS
- Mohammad Kamal HOSSAIN
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR MAKING AN SERS ELECTRODE
- Publication number 20240328956
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS
- Mohammad Kamal HOSSAIN
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
SUBSTRATE COATED WITH AT LEAST ONE DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON LAYER PROTEC...
- Publication number 20240318317
- Publication date Sep 26, 2024
- SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE
- Jean-Thomas FONNE
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SEPARATOR FOR FUEL CELL WITH METAL COATING LAYER AND MANUFACTURING...
- Publication number 20240282979
- Publication date Aug 22, 2024
- HYUNDAI STEEL COMPANY
- Hyun Uk Im
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES
- Publication number 20240264504
- Publication date Aug 8, 2024
- VIEW, INC.
- Dane Gillaspie
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

Thermal treatment

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Method for producing ferroelectric film, ferroelectric film, and us...

CuV2O6-based photoelectric sensor and application thereof in detect...

Method of fabricating silicon carbide material by performing a firs...

P-type gallium oxide film, and preparation method and application t...

Method for producing nitride semiconductor photoelectrode

Thin film structure including dielectric material layer, method of...

Self-powered ultraviolet photodetection performance using Au/Ta2O5/...

Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices

Laminated body and door or wall

High-temperature component

Method for producing piezoelectric actuator

Counter electrode for electrochromic devices

Ion beam sputtering with ion assisted deposition for coatings on ch...

Use of vapor deposition coated flow paths for improved chromatograp...

Manufacturing method of metal oxide and manufacturing method of sem...

Anti-fingerprint coatings

SERS electrode having transition metal oxide nanoparticle layer

Transparent conductive film-attached glass sheet, transparent condu...

Method for making an SERS electrode

Cesium tungsten oxide film and method for manufacturing same

Method for measuring Raman nano-light spectra from solid support

Methods for perovskite device processing by vapor transport deposition

Conductive thin film for ultraviolet waveband and preparation metho...

Oxidation-resistant coated superalloy

Systems and methods for tailored microstructures using templated gr...

Promoting adhesion of thin films

TM-Al—O—N coating layers with increased thermal stability

Methods for printing a conductive pillar with high precision

Plated steel material having excellent adhesion to plating and corr...

Seeded solid-phase crystallization of transparent conducting vanada...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

INCREASED ETCH RESISTANCE OF NITRIDE LAYERS USING CHEMICAL VAPOR DE...

SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILM COMPRISING INDIUM-SELENIDE COMPOUND, THIN F...

Boron-Based and High-Entropy Magnetic Materials

STRESS CONTROL METHOD FOR PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM

PROCESS FOR PRE-LITHIATION AND EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME

LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

Ti MATERIAL FOR FUEL CELL SEPARATOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE...

DEPOSITION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPLAY APPARATUS

Method for Improved Heavy Metal Wetting on a Surface

HEATING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRET MATERIAL

ENGINEERING METAL OXIDE LAYER INTERFACES TO IMPROVE ELECTRONIC DEVI...

Methods for Perovskite Device Processing by Vapor Transport Deposition

INDIUM TIN OXIDE FILM COATED UPSTANDING SILICON NANOWIRES (ITO/USNW...

AMORPHOUS TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE FILMS AND METHODS OF FABRICA...

GAS-ASSISTED COCRYSTAL DE-SUBLIMATION

METHOD FOR IMPROVING ANTI-REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF PTC THERMOSENSIT...

PLATED STEEL MATERIAL HAVING EXCELLENT ADHESION TO PLATING AND CORR...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILICON ELECTRODES AS ANODES FOR LITHIUM BATTE...

P-TYPE GALLIUM OXIDE FILM, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION T...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CRYSTALLIZED LAMINATED STRUCTURE

COATED ARTICLE WITH ENHANCED OXIDATION RESISTANCE PROPERTIES

OPTICAL FILTER AND SENSOR SYSTEM

SILICON CARBIDE MATERIAL

SERS ELECTRODE HAVING TRANSITION METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLE LAYER

METHOD FOR MEASURING RAMAN NANO-LIGHT SPECTRA FROM SOLID SUPPORT

METHOD FOR MAKING AN SERS ELECTRODE

SUBSTRATE COATED WITH AT LEAST ONE DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON LAYER PROTEC...

SEPARATOR FOR FUEL CELL WITH METAL COATING LAYER AND MANUFACTURING...

COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES