Claims
- 1. A photohardenable composition which comprises a cationically polymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of epoxy compounds, vinyl ethers, vinyl ether functional prepolymers, cyclic ethers, cyclic esters, cyclic sulfides, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, cyclic organosiloxanes, lactams, lactones, cyclic acetals, and epoxy functional silicone oligomers; a dye represented by the Formula (I) or (II): ##STR7## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may combine to form a ring; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a benzoyl group, a group of the formula --L(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.8 where n is 1 to 8, R.sup.8 is hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, dialkylamino, --COR.sup.16 or --COOR.sup.14 where R.sup.16 is hydrogen, chlorine, COCl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, NR.sub.2, or aryl, and R.sup.14 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, aryl, COR, NR.sub.2 ; and L is a direct bond or >C.dbd.O; W is O or >NR.sub.2.sup.+ where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, when W is O, W.sup.1 is hydrogen or --OR.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, acyl or a group of the formula --(CH2).sub.n R.sup.10 where n is 1 to 8 and R.sup.10 is amino, dialkylamino, hydroxy, acryloyl or methacryloyl and when W is >NR.sub.2.sup.+, W.sup.1 is hydrogen or --NR.sub.2 ; Y is oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, >C.dbd.O, or >N--R.sup.13, where R.sup.13 is 4-methylphenyl, A is hydrogen, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, dichlorotriazinylamino, alkyl, or an electron withdrawing group (EWG) which is a stronger electron withdrawing group than a phenyl group or a halogen-substituted or a carboxyl-substituted phenyl group; provided that at least one R.sup.1 -R.sup.6 is halogen; and a salt selected from the group consisting of iodonium salts, thiapyrylium salts, diazonium salts and ferrocenium salts, said salt being a salt of a non-nucleophilic anion.
- 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the onium salt is an iodonium salt.
- 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the iodonium salt is a diaryliodonium salt.
- 4. the composition of claim 3 wherein the iodonium salt is selected from the group consisting of diaryliodonium hexaflurophosphates, diaryliodonium arsenates, diaryliodonium antimonates and diaryliodonium hexafluoroborates.
- 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the iodonium salt is (4-octyloxyphenyl) phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate or 4,4'-dimethytdiphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate.
- 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition further contains an N,N dialkylaniline selected from the group consisting of 2,6-diethyl-N,N dimethylaniline, N,N,2,4,6-pentamethylaniline (PMA), p-t-butyl-N,N- dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethyl-2,6-diisopropylaniline.
- 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polymerizable compound is an epoxy compound or a vinyl ether.
- 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said dye is represented by the Formula (I).
- 9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said dye is represented by the Formula (III) or (IV) ##STR8## where A is hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, dicholorotriazinylamino, or an electron withdrawing group (EWG) selected from group consisting of COOR.sup.11, COR.sup.12, C(O)OCOR.sup.11, CONR.sub.2, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS, NCO, SO.sub.2 R.sup.11, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.2, and CX.sub.3 where R.sup.11 is hydrogen alkyl aryl or aralkyl, R.sup.12 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl and X can be the same or different and is a halogen; Y.sup.1 is oxygen, sulfur or >NR.sup.13 where R.sup.13 is 4-methylphenyl; R and R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 are defined as in claim 1; Z.sup.- is a counter ion and W.sup.2 is hydrogen or --OR.sup.9 and R.sup.9 is defined as in claim 1.
- 10. The composition of claim 9 wherein Y.sup.1 is O.
- 11. The composition of claim 10 wherein said dye is represented by the Formula (III).
- 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein at least two of R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 are iodo or bromo.
- 13. The composition of claim 12 wherein A is hydrogen.
- 14. The composition of claim 15 wherein A is CN.
- 15. The composition of claim 12 wherein at least two of R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 are iodo.
- 16. The composition of claim 9 wherein W.sup.2 is --OR.sup.9 and R.sup.9 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group.
- 17. The composition of claim 11 wherein said dye is selected from the group consisting of:
- 5,7-diiodo-3-methoxy-6-fluorone (DIMF),
- 5,7-diiodo-3-ethoxy-6-fluorone (DIEF),
- 5,7-diiodo-3-butoxy-6-fluorone (DIBF),
- 5,7-diiodo-3-octoxy-6-fluorone (DIOF),
- 4,5-diiodo-3-hydroxy-6-fluorone,
- 9-cyano-5,7-diiodo-3-methoxy-6-fluorone (CDIMF),
- 9-cyano-5,7-diiodo-3-ethoxy-6-fluorone (CDIEF),
- 9-cyano-5,7-diiodo-3-butoxy-6-fluorone (CDIBF),
- 9-cyano-5,7-diiodo-3-octoxy-6-fluorone (CDIOF),
- 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-fluorone (TIHF),
- 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-fluorone (TBHF),
- 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetrachloro-6-fluorone (TCHF),
- 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetrafluoro-6-fluorone (TFHF),
- 9-cyano-3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-fluorone (TIHCF).
- 18. The composition of claim 12 wherein said dye is represented by formula (III): ##STR9## where A is hydrogen or CN; W.sup.2 is hydrogen OR.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; Y.sup.1 is O; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are defined as in claim 12.
- 19. The composition of claim 9 wherein said composition further contains an N,N-dialkylaniline selected from the group consisting of 2,6-diethyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-2,4,6-pentamethylaniline (PMA), p-t-butyl-N-N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethyl-2,6-dissopropylaniline.
- 20. A photohardenable composition consisting essentially of a cationically polymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of epoxy compounds, vinyl ethers, vinyl ether functional prepolymers, cyclic ethers, cylic esters, cylic sulfides, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, cylic organosiloxanes, lactams, lactones, cylic acetals, and epoxy functional silicone oligomers; a dye represented by the Formula (I) or (II): ##STR10## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may combine to form a ring; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a benzoyl group, a group of the formula --L(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.8 where n is 1 to 8, R.sup.8 is hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, dialkylamino, --COR.sup.16 or --COOR.sup.14 where R.sup.16 is hydrogen, chlorine, COC1, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, NR.sub.2, or aryl, and R.sup.14 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, aryl, COR, NR.sub.2 ; and L is a direct bond or >C.dbd.O; W is O >NR.sub.2.sup.+, W.sup.1 is hydrogen or --OR.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, acyl or a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.10 where n is 1 to 8 and R.sup.10 is amino, dialkylamino, hydroxy, acryloyl or methacryioyl and when W is NR.sub.2.sup.+, W.sup.1 is hydrogen or --NR.sub.2 ; Y is oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, >C.dbd.O, or >NR.sup.13 where R.sup.13 is 4-methylphenyl, A is hydrogen, aryl, alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, dichlorotriazinylamino or an electron withdrawing group (EWG) which is selected from the group consisting of COOR.sup.11, COR.sup.12, C(O)OCOR.sup.11, CONR.sub.2, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS, NCO, SO.sub.2 R.sup.12, SO.sub.3 R.sup.11, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.2, and CX.sub.3 where R.sup.11 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl; and X can be the same or different and is a halogen; provided that at least one R.sup.1 - R.sup.6 is halogen; a hydrogen donor and a salt selected from the group consisting of iodonium salts, thiapyrylium salts, diazonium salts and ferrocenium salts, said salt being a salt of a non-nucleophilic anion.
- 21. The composition of claim 20 wherein said dye is represented by the Formula (III) or IV: ##STR11## where A is hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, dichlorotriazinylamino or an electron withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of COOR.sup.11, COR.sup.12, C(O)OCOR.sup.11, CONR.sub.2, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS, NCO, SO.sub.2 R.sup.11, SO.sub.2 NR, and CX.sub.3 where R.sup.11 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl, R.sup.12 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl and X can be the same or different and is a halogen; Y.sup.1 is oxygen, sulfur or >RN.sup.13 where R.sup.13 is 4-methylphenyl; R and R.sup.1 -R.sup.4 are defined as in claim 20; Z.sup.- is a counter ion and W.sup.2 is hydrogen or --OR.sup.9 and R.sup.9 is defined in claim 20.
- 22. The composition of claim 20, wherein the salt is an iodonium salt.
- 23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the iodonium salt is a diaryliodonium salt.
- 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the iodonium salt is selected from the group consisting of diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphates, diaryliodonium arsenates, diaryliodonium antimonates, and diaryliodonium tetrafluoroborates.
- 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the iodonium salt is (4-octyloxy-phenyl) phenyliodonium hexaflurooarsenate or 4,4'-dimethyl diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate.
- 26. A photohardenable composition which comprises a cationically polymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of epoxy compounds and, vinyl ethers; a dye selected from the group consisting of 5,7-diiodo-3-methoxy-6-fluorone (DIMF), 5,7-diiodo-3-ethoxy-6-fluorone (DIEF), 5,7-diiodo-3-butoxy-6-fluorone (DIBF), 5,7-diiodo-3-octoxy-6-fluorone (DIOF), 4,5-diiodo-3-hydroxy-6-fluorone, 9-cyano- 5,7-diiodo-3-methoxy-6-fluorone (CDIMF), 9-cyano- 5,7-diiodo-3-ethoxy-6-fluorone (CDIEF), 9-cyano- 5,7-diiodo-3-butoxy-6-fluorone (CDIBF), 9-cyano- 5,7-diiodo-3-octoxy-6-fluorone (CDIOF), 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-fluorone (TIHF), 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-fluorone (TBHF), 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetrachloro-6-fluorone (TCHF), 3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetrafluoro-6-fluorone (TFHF), 9-cyano-3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-fluorone (TIHCF); and an iodonium salt selected from the group consisting of diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphates, diaryliodonium arsenates, and diaryliodonium antimonates.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/881,048 filed May 11, 1992, now abandoned, and 07/772,103 filed Oct. 7, 1991, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/756,611 filed Sep. 9, 1991, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/702,886 filed May 20, 1991, now abandoned.
GOVERNMENT RIGHTS
This invention was made with Government support under Grant N00014-91-J-1921 awarded by the Department of the Navy. The Federal Government has certain rights in the inventions disclosed herein.
US Referenced Citations (19)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
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0507493 |
Mar 1992 |
EPX |
Related Publications (1)
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Date |
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772103 |
Oct 1991 |
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Continuation in Parts (3)
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881048 |
May 1992 |
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756611 |
Sep 1991 |
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702886 |
May 1991 |
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