Patent Application
20220096657
The present application is being filed along with a Sequence Listing in electronic format. The Sequence Listing file, entitled 20571301PCTSL.txt, was created on Apr. 27, 2017, and is 7,120,305 bytes in size. The information in electronic format of the Sequence Listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The invention relates to compositions and methods for vectored antibody delivery (VAD).
Antibody-based therapies have been developed for a wide variety of diseases, disorders and conditions, including infectious and non-infectious diseases. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved antibodies for treatment of cancers, autoimmune and immune system disorders, ocular diseases, nervous system diseases, inflammations, and infections, amongst many others. Naturally, antibodies are components of the adaptive immune response and they function by recognizing specific foreign antigens and stimulating humoral immunity responses. As a consequence, antibodies may be applied to the treatment, prevention, management, diagnosis and research of diseases, disorders, and/or conditions.
Antibodies have relatively short half-lives and this presents an ongoing and long-felt challenge for antibody-based therapies. In order to achieve a sufficiently high concentration of an antibody for long lasting therapeutic effects, antibody therapies are traditionally delivered by repeated administration, e.g. by multiple injections. This dosing regimen results in an inconsistent level of antibody throughout the treatment period, limited efficiency per administration, high cost of administration and consumption of the antibody. Hence, there remains a need in the art for delivery of antibodies and antibody-based therapeutics through alternative routes or modalities of administration.
One such alternative route of administration is by expression vectors (e.g. plasmid or viral vector), including but not limited to, adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs). Adeno-associated viral vectors are widely used in gene therapy approaches due to a number of advantageous features. As dependoparvoviruses, AAV are non-replicating in infected cells and therefore not associated with any known disease. Further, AAVs may be introduced to a wide variety of host cells, do not integrate into the genome of the host cell, and are capable of infecting both quiescent and dividing cells. AAVs transduce non-replicating and long-lived cells in vivo, resulting in long term expression of the protein of interest. Further, AAVs can be manipulated with cellular and molecular biology techniques to produce non-toxic particles carrying a payload encoded in the AAV viral genome that can be delivered to a target tissue or set of cells with limited or no side-effects. Given the foregoing, the use of AAVs for vectored antibody delivery (VAD) would allow for longer lasting efficacy, fewer dose treatments, and more consistent levels of the antibody throughout the treatment period.
In vectored antibody delivery (VAD), an AAV is used as the delivery modality for a nucleic acid sequence encoding the antibody, which results in in vivo expression of the encoded payload, e.g., functional antibody.
The mechanism underlying VAD is thought to proceed through the following steps. First, the AAV vector enters the cell via endocytosis, then escapes from the endosomal compartment and is transported to the nucleus wherein the viral genome is released and converted into a double-stranded episomal molecule of DNA by the host. The transcriptionally active episome results in the expression of encoded antibodies that may then be secreted from the cell into the circulation. VAD may therefore enable continuous, sustained and long-term delivery of antibodies administered by a single injection of an AAV particle.
Previous studies of an AAV-mediated antibody technique known as vectored immunoprophylaxis (VIP) have focused on neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (see, e.g. Johnson et al., 2009, Nature Med., 15, 901-906, Saunders et al., 2015, J. Virol., 89(16), 8334-8345, Balasz et al., 2012, Nature 481, 81-84, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). Balasz et al. reported a long-term, even lifelong, expression of monoclonal antibody at high concentration from a single intramuscular administration in mice that resulted in full protection against HIV infection. AAV-mediated VIP has also been demonstrated against influenza strains (see, e.g. Balasz, et al. Nat. Biotechnol., 2013, 31(7):647-52) and Plasmodium Falciparum, a sporozoite causing malaria infection (see, e.g. Deal at al., 2014, PNAS, 111 (34), 12528-12532), as well as cancer, RSV and drug addiction (see, e.g. review by Schnepp and Johnson, Microbiol. Spectrum 2(4), 2014). Though promising, these studies emphasize efforts to merely prevent disease. There still remains a need for improved methods of prevention, and new antibody-mediated therapies for research, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
The present invention addresses this need by providing novel AAV particles having viral genomes engineered to encode antibodies and antibody-based compositions and methods of using these constructs (e.g., VAD) for the treatment, prevention, diagnosis and research of diseases, disorders and/or conditions. The present invention further embraces optimized AAV particles for delivery of nucleic acids (e.g., viral genomes) encoding antibodies and antibody-based compositions to a subject in need thereof.
The invention provides AAV particles comprising a capsid and a viral genome, said viral genome comprising at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region and a payload region, said payload region comprising a regulatory sequence operably linked to at least a first nucleic acid segment, said first nucleic acid segment encoding one or more polypeptides given in Table 3, variants and fragments thereof. The capsid of the AAV particle may be any of the serotypes described herein and/or described in Table 1.
In one aspect, the first nucleic acid segment may encode one or more polypeptides such as, but not limited to, an antibody heavy chain, an antibody light chain, a linker, and combinations thereof. The first nucleic acid segment may encode one or more polypeptides which is humanized. As a non-limiting example, the first nucleic acid segment encodes from 5′ to 3′, an antibody heavy chain, a linker, and an antibody light chain. As another non-limiting example, the first nucleic acid segment encodes from 5′ to 3′, an antibody light chain, a linker, and an antibody heavy chain. As yet another non-limiting example, the first nucleic acid segment encodes one or more antibody heavy chains. As yet another non-limiting example, the first nucleic acid segment encodes one or more antibody light chains.
In one aspect, the first nucleic acid segment encodes an antibody, having at least 95% identity to any of the sequences of Table 3 or Table 4.
In one aspect the regulatory sequence may comprise a promoter such as but not limited to, human elongation factor 1α-subunit (EF1α), cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and/or promoter, chicken β-actin (CBA) and its derivative CAG, β glucuronidase (GUSB), or ubiquitin C (UBC). Tissue-specific expression elements can be used to restrict expression to certain cell types such as, but not limited to, muscle specific promoters, B cell promoters, monocyte promoters, leukocyte promoters, macrophage promoters, pancreatic acinar cell promoters, endothelial cell promoters, lung tissue promoters, astrocyte promoters, or nervous system promoters which can be used to restrict expression to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes.
In one aspect, the linker in the viral genome is selected from one or more of the linkers given in Table 2.
In one aspect, the AAV particles described herein may comprise a viral genome which is single stranded.
In one aspect, the AAV particles described herein may comprise a viral genome which is self-complementary.
In one aspect, the AAV particles described herein may comprise a viral genome comprising at least one intron sequence.
In one aspect, the AAV particles described herein may comprise a viral genome comprising at least one stuffer sequence to adjust the length of the viral genome to increase efficacy and/or efficiency.
In one aspect, the AAV particles described herein may comprise at least one region which has been codon optimized. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome may be codon optimized. As another non-limiting example, the first nucleic acid segment is codon-optimized.
In one aspect, the AAV particles described herein may comprise a viral genome with 2 ITR regions. At least one of the ITR regions may be derived from the same or different parental serotype of the capsid. As a non-limiting example, at least one ITR region is derived from AAV2.
In one aspect, the AAV particles comprise a viral genome which comprises a second nucleic acid segment. The second nucleic acid segment may encode an aptamer, siRNA, saRNA, ribozyme, microRNA, mRNA or combination thereof.
In one aspect, the AAV particles comprise a viral genome which comprises a second nucleic acid segment encoding an siRNA designed to target the mRNA that encodes the target of the antibody encoded by the first nucleic acid segment.
In one aspect, the AAV particles comprise a viral genome which comprises a second nucleic acid segment encoding a microRNA, the microRNA is selected to target the mRNA that encodes the target of the antibody encoded by the first nucleic acid segment.
In one aspect, the AAV particles comprise a viral genome which comprises a second nucleic acid segment encoding an mRNA, the mRNA encodes one or more peptides inhibitors of the same target of the antibody encoded by the first nucleic acid segment.
In one aspect, the AAV particles comprise a viral genome which comprises a third nucleic acid segment. The third nucleic acid segment may encode a nuclear export signal, a polynucleotide or polypeptide which acts as a regulator of expression of the viral genome in which it is encoded, a polynucleotide or polypeptide which acts as a regulator of expression of the payload region of the viral genome in which it is encoded, and/or a polynucleotide or polypeptide which acts as a regulator of expression of the first nucleic acid segment of the payload region of the viral genome in which it is encoded.
The invention provides AAV particles comprising a capsid and a viral genome, said viral genome comprising at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region and a payload region comprising a regulatory sequence operably linked to at least a first nucleic acid segment, the first nucleic acid segment encoding a bispecific antibody derived from any of the sequences listed in Table 3 or portions or fragments thereof.
The invention provides methods of producing a functional antibody in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to a subject the AAV particles described herein. The level or amount of the functional antibody in the target cell or tissue after administration to the subject may be from about 0.001 μg/mL to 100 mg/mL. The functional antibody may be encoded by a single first nucleic acid segment of a viral genome within the AAV particle. The functional antibody may be encoded by two different viral genomes, the two different viral genomes may be packaged in separate capsids.
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an AAV particle described herein in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. As a non-limiting example, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is saline. As a non-limiting example, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is 0.001% pluronic in saline.
The invention provides methods of producing a functional antibody in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to a subject the AAV particles described herein by a delivery route such as, but not limited to, enteral (into the intestine), gastroenteral, epidural (into the dura mater), oral (by way of the mouth), transdermal, intracerebral (into the cerebrum), intracerebroventricular (into the cerebral ventricles), epicutaneous (application onto the skin), intradermal, (into the skin itself), subcutaneous (under the skin), nasal administration (through the nose), intravenous (into a vein), intravenous bolus, intravenous drip, intra-arterial (into an artery), intramuscular (into a muscle), intracardiac (into the heart), intraosseous infusion (into the bone marrow), intrathecal (into the spinal canal), intraparenchymal (into brain tissue), intraperitoneal, (infusion or injection into the peritoneum), intravesical infusion, intravitreal (through the eye), intracavernous injection (into a pathologic cavity), intracavitary (into the base of the penis), intravaginal administration, intrauterine, extra-amniotic administration, transdermal (diffusion through the intact skin for systemic distribution), transmucosal (diffusion through a mucous membrane), transvaginal, insufflation (snorting), sublingual, sublabial, enema, eye drops (onto the conjunctiva), ear drops, auricular (in or by way of the ear), buccal (directed toward the cheek), conjunctival, cutaneous, dental (to a tooth or teeth), electro-osmosis, endocervical, endosinusial, endotracheal, extracorporeal, hemodialysis, infiltration, interstitial, intra-abdominal, intra-amniotic, intra-articular, intrabiliary, intrabronchial, intrabursal, intracartilaginous (within a cartilage), intracaudal (within the cauda equine), intracisternal (within the cisterna magna cerebellomedularis), intracorneal (within the cornea), dental intracoronal, intracoronary (within the coronary arteries), intracorporus cavernosum (within the dilatable spaces of the corporus cavernosa of the penis), intradiscal (within a disc), intraductal (within a duct of a gland), intraduodenal (within the duodenum), intradural (within or beneath the dura), intraepidermal (to the epidermis), intraesophageal (to the esophagus), intragastric (within the stomach), intragingival (within the gingivae), intraileal (within the distal portion of the small intestine), intralesional (within or introduced directly to a localized lesion), intraluminal (within a lumen of a tube), intralymphatic (within the lymph), intramedullary (within the marrow cavity of a bone), intrameningeal (within the meninges), intramyocardial (within the myocardium), intraocular (within the eye), intraovarian (within the ovary), intrapericardial (within the pericardium), intrapleural (within the pleura), intraprostatic (within the prostate gland), intrapulmonary (within the lungs or its bronchi), intrasinal (within the nasal or periorbital sinuses), intraspinal (within the vertebral column), intrasynovial (within the synovial cavity of a joint), intratendinous (within a tendon), intratesticular (within the testicle), intrathecal (within the cerebrospinal fluid at any level of the cerebrospinal axis), intrathoracic (within the thorax), intratubular (within the tubules of an organ), intratumor (within a tumor), intratympanic (within the aurus media), intravascular (within a vessel or vessels), intraventricular (within a ventricle), iontophoresis (by means of electric current where ions of soluble salts migrate into the tissues of the body), irrigation (to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities), laryngeal (directly upon the larynx), nasogastric (through the nose and into the stomach), occlusive dressing technique (topical route administration which is then covered by a dressing which occludes the area), ophthalmic (to the external eye), oropharyngeal (directly to the mouth and pharynx), parenteral, percutaneous, periarticular, peridural, perineural, periodontal, rectal, respiratory (within the respiratory tract by inhaling orally or nasally for local or systemic effect), retrobulbar (behind the pons or behind the eyeball), soft tissue, subarachnoid, subconjunctival, submucosal, topical, transplacental (through or across the placenta), transtracheal (through the wall of the trachea), transtympanic (across or through the tympanic cavity), ureteral (to the ureter), urethral (to the urethra), vaginal, caudal block, diagnostic, nerve block, biliary perfusion, cardiac perfusion, photopheresis, and spinal.
The invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing a disease or disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject an AAV particle described herein. The administration may be at a prophylactically effective dose such as, but not limited to, from about 1 μg/mL to about 500 μg/mL of expressed polypeptide or 1×10e4 to 1×10e16 VG/mL from the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition may be adminstered at least once. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly. The pharmaceutical composition may be co-administered as part of a combination therapy.
The invention provides methods of producing an antibody in a subject by administering the AAV particles described herein, where the antibody is not a virus neutralizing antibody.
The invention provides methods of producing an antibody in a subject by administering the AAV particles described herein, where the antibody is not an HIV or HCV virus neutralizing antibody.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of various embodiments of the invention.
According to the present invention, compositions for delivering functional antibodies and/or antibody-based compositions by adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are provided. AAV particles of the invention may be provided via any of several routes of administration, to a cell, tissue, organ, or organism, in vivo, ex vivo, or in vitro.
As used herein, an “AAV particle” is a virus which comprises a viral genome with at least one payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region.
As used herein, “viral genome” or “vector genome” refers to the nucleic acid sequence(s) encapsulated in an AAV particle. Viral genomes comprise at least one payload region encoding polypeptides of the invention, e.g., antibodies, antibody-based compositions or fragments thereof.
As used herein, a “payload” or “payload region” is any nucleic acid molecule which encodes one or more polypeptides of the invention. At a minimum, a payload region comprises nucleic acid sequences that encode an antibody, an antibody-based composition, or a fragment thereof, but may also optionally comprise one or more functional or regulatory elements to facilitate transcriptional expression and/or polypeptide translation.
The nucleic acid sequences and polypeptides disclosed herein may be engineered to contain modular elements and/or sequence motifs assembled to enable expression of the antibodies or antibody-based compositions of the invention. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence comprising the payload region may comprise one or more of a promoter region, an intron, a Kozak sequence, an enhancer, or a polyadenylation sequence. Payload regions of the invention typically encode antibodies or antibody based compositions, which may include an antibody heavy chain domain, an antibody light chain domain, both antibody heavy and light chain domains, or fragments of the foregoing in combination with each other or in combination with other polypeptide moieties. In some cases, payload regions may also encode one or more linkers or joining regions between antibody heavy and light chain domains or fragments. The order of expression, structural position, or concatemer count (heavy chain, light chain, or linker) may be different within or among different payload regions. The identity, position and number of linkers expressed by payload regions may also vary.
The payload regions of the invention may be delivered to one or more target cells, tissues, organs, or organisms within the viral genome of an AAV particle.
Viruses of the Parvoviridae family are small non-enveloped icosahedral capsid viruses characterized by a single stranded DNA genome. Parvoviridae family viruses consist of two subfamilies: Parvovirinae, which infect vertebrates, and Densovirnae, which infect invertebrates. Due to its relatively simple structure, easily manipulated using standard molecular biology techniques, this virus family is useful as a biological tool. The genome of the virus may be modified to contain a minimum of components for the assembly of a functional recombinant virus, or viral particle, which is loaded with or engineered to express or deliver a desired payload, which may be delivered to a target cell, tissue, organ, or organism.
The parvoviruses and other members of the Parvoviridae family are generally described in Kenneth I. Berns, “Parvoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication,” Chapter 69 in FIELDS VIROLOGY (3d Ed. 1996), the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The Parvoviridae family comprises the Dependovirus genus which includes adeno-associated viruses (AAV) capable of replication in vertebrate hosts including, but not limited to, human, primate, bovine, canine, equine, and ovine species.
The AAV vector genome is a linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecule approximately 5,000 nucleotides (nt) in length. The AAV viral genome can comprise a payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) or ITR region. ITRs traditionally flank the coding nucleotide sequences for the non-structural proteins (encoded by Rep genes) and the structural proteins (encoded by capsid genes or Cap genes). While not wishing to be bound by theory, an AAV viral genome typically comprises two ITR sequences. The AAV vector genome comprises a characteristic T-shaped hairpin structure defined by the self-complementary terminal 145 nt of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the ssDNA which form an energetically stable double stranded region. The double stranded hairpin structures comprise multiple functions including, but not limited to, acting as an origin for DNA replication by functioning as primers for the endogenous DNA polymerase complex of the host viral replication cell.
In addition to the encoded heterologous payload, AAV vectors may comprise the viral genome, in whole or in part, of any naturally occurring and/or recombinant AAV serotype nucleotide sequence or variant. AAV variants may have sequences of significant homology at the nucleic acid (genome or capsid) and amino acid levels (capsids), to produce constructs which are generally physical and functional equivalents, replicate by similar mechanisms, and assemble by similar mechanisms. Chiorini et al., J. Vir. 71: 6823-33(1997): Srivastava et al., J. Vir. 45:555-(4 (1983); Chiorini et al., J. Vir. 73:1309-1319 (1999): Rutledge et al., J. Vir. 72:309-319 (1998); and Wu et al., J. Vir. 74: 8635-47 (2000), the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, AAV particles of the present invention are recombinant AAV viral vectors which are replication defective and lacking sequences encoding functional Rep and Cap proteins within their viral genome. These defective AAV vectors may lack most or all parental coding sequences and essentially carry only one or two AAV ITR sequences and the nucleic acid of interest for delivery to a cell, a tissue, an organ, or an organism.
In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles of the present invention comprise at least one control element which provides for the replication, transcription, and translation of a coding sequence encoded therein. Not all of the control elements need always be present as long as the coding sequence is capable of being replicated, transcribed, and/or translated in an appropriate host cell. Non-limiting examples of expression control elements include sequences for transcription initiation and/or termination, promoter and/or enhancer sequences, efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation signals, sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA, sequences that enhance translation efficacy (e.g., Kozak consensus sequence), sequences that enhance protein stability, and/or sequences that enhance protein processing and/or secretion.
According to the present invention, AAV particles for use in therapeutics and/or diagnostics comprise a virus that has been distilled or reduced to the minimum components necessary for transduction of a nucleic acid payload or cargo of interest. In this manner, AAV particles are engineered as vehicles for specific delivery while lacking the deleterious replication and/or integration features found in wild-type viruses.
AAV vectors of the present invention may be produced recombinantly and may be based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) parent or reference sequences. As used herein, a “vector” is any molecule or moiety which transports, transduces, or otherwise acts as a carrier of a heterologous molecule such as the nucleic acids described herein.
In addition to single stranded AAV viral genomes (e.g., ssAAVs), the present invention also provides for self-complementary AAV (scAAVs) viral genomes scAAV vector genomes contain DNA strands which anneal together to form double stranded DNA. By skipping second strand synthesis, scAAVs allow for rapid expression in the cell.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention is an scAAV.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention is an ssAAV
Methods for producing and/or modifying AAV particles are disclosed in the art such as pseudotyped AAV vectors (PCT Patent Publication Nos. WO200028004; WO200123001; WO2004112727; WO2005005610; and WO2005072364, the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
AAV particles may be modified to enhance the efficiency of delivery. Such modified AAV particles can be packaged efficiently and be used to successfully infect the target cells at high frequency and with minimal toxicity. In some embodiments, the capsids of the AAV particles are engineered according to the methods described in US Publication Number US20130195801, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a payload region encoding the polypeptides of the invention may be introduced into mammalian cells.
AAV particles of the present invention may comprise or be derived from any natural or recombinant AAV serotype. According to the present invention, the AAV particles may utilize or be based on a serotype selected from any of the following AAV1, AAV2, AAV2G9, AAV3, AAV3a, AAV3b, AAV3-3, AAV4, AAV4-4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV6.1, AAV6.2, AAV6.1.2, AAV7, AAV7.2, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84, AAV9.9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV16.3, AAV24.1, AAV27.3, AAV42.12, AAV42-1b, AAV42-2, AAV42-3a, AAV42-3b, AAV42-4, AAV42-5a, AAV42-5b, AAV42-6b, AAV42-8, AAV42-10, AAV42-11, AAV42-12, AAV42-13, AAV42-15, AAV42-aa, AAV43-1, AAV43-12, AAV43-20, AAV43-21, AAV43-23, AAV43-25, AAV43-5, AAV44.1, AAV44.2, AAV44.5, AAV223.1, AAV223.2, AAV223.4, AAV223.5, AAV223.6, AAV223.7, AAV1-7/rh.48, AAV1-8/rh.49, AAV2-15/rh.62, AAV2-3/rh.61, AAV2-4/rh.50, AAV2-5/rh.51, AAV3.1/hu.6, AAV3.1/hu.9, AAV3-9/rh.52, AAV3-11/rh.53, AAV4-8/r11.64, AAV4-9/rh.54, AAV4-19/rh.55, AAV5-3/rh.57, AAV5-22/rh.58, AAV7.3/hu.7, AAV16.8/hu.10, AAV16.12/hu.11, AAV29.3/bb.1, AAV29.5/bb.2, AAV106.1/hu.37, AAV114.3/hu.40, AAV127.2/hu.41, AAV127.5/hu.42, AAV128.3/hu.44, AAV130.4/hu.48, AAV145.1/hu.53, AAV145.5/hu.54, AAV145.6/hu.55, AAV161.10/hu.60, AAV161.6/hu.61, AAV33.12/hu.17, AAV33.4/hu.15, AAV33.8/hu.16, AAV52/hu.19, AAV52.1/hu.20, AAV58.2/hu.25, AAVA3.3, AAVA3.4, AAVA3.5, AAVA3.7, AAVC1, AAVC2, AAVC5, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ8, AAVF3, AAVF5, AAVH2, AAVrh.72, AAVhu.8, AAVrh.68, AAVrh.70, AAVpi.1, AAVpi.3, AAVpi.2, AAVrh.60, AAVrh.44, AAVrh.65, AAVrh.55, AAVrh.47, AAVrh.69, AAVrh.45, AAVrh.59, AAVhu.12, AAVH6, AAVLK03, AAVH-1/hu.1, AAVH-5/hu.3, AAVLG-10/rh.40, AAVLG-4/rh.38, AAVLG-9/hu.39, AAVN721-8/rh.43, AAVCh.5, AAVCh.5R1, AAVcy.2, AAVcy.3, AAVcy.4, AAVcy.5, AAVCy.5R1, AAVCy.5R2, AAVCy.5R3, AAVCy.5R4, AAVcy.6, AAVhu.1, AAVhu.2, AAVhu.3, AAVhu.4, AAVhu.5, AAVhu.6, AAVhu.7, AAVhu.9, AAVhu.10, AAVhu.11, AAVhu.13, AAVhu.15, AAVhu.16, AAVhu.17, AAVhu.18, AAVhu.20, AAVhu.21, AAVhu.22, AAVhu.23.2, AAVhu.24, AAVhu.25, AAVhu.27, AAVhu.28, AAVhu.29, AAVhu.29R, AAVhu.31, AAVhu.32, AAVhu.34, AAVhu.35, AAVhu.37, AAVhu.39, AAVhu.40, AAVhu.41, AAVhu.42, AAVhu.43, AAVhu.44, AAVhu.44R1, AAVhu.44R2, AAVhu.44R3, AAVhu.45, AAVhu.46, AAVhu.47, AAVhu.48, AAVhu.48R1, AAVhu.48R2, AAVhu.48R3, AAVhu.49, AAVhu.51, AAVhu.52, AAVhu.54, AAVhu.55, AAVhu.56, AAVhu.57, AAVhu.58, AAVhu.60, AAVhu.61, AAVhu.63, AAVhu.64, AAVhu.66, AAVhu.67, AAVhu.14/9, AAVhu.t 19, AAVrh.2, AAVrh.2R, AAVrh.8, AAVrh.8R, AAVrh.10, AAVrh.12, AAVrh.13, AAVrh.13R, AAVrh.14, AAVrh.17, AAVrh.18, AAVrh.19, AAVrh.20. AAVrh.21, AAVrh.22, AAVrh.23, AAVrh.24, AAVrh.25, AAVrh.31, AAVrh.32, AAVrh.33, AAVrh.34, AAVrh.35, AAVrh.36, AAVrh.37, AAVrh.37R2, AAVrh.38, AAVrh.39, AAVrh.40, AAVrh.46, AAVrh.48, AAVrh.48.1, AAVrh.48.1.2, AAVrh.48.2, AAVrh.49, AAVrh.51, AAVrh.52, AAVrh.53, AAVrh.54, AAVrh.56, AAVrh.57, AAVrh.58, AAVrh.61, AAVrh.64, AAVrh.64R1, AAVrh.64R2, AAVrh.67, AAVrh.73, AAVrh.74, AAVrh8R, AAVrh8R A586R mutant, AAVrh8R R533A mutant, AAAV, BAAV, caprine AAV, bovine AAV, AAVhE1.1, AAVhEr1.5, AAVhER1.14, AAVhEr1.8, AAVhEr1.16, AAVhEr1.18, AAVhEr1.35, AAVhEr1.7, AAVhEr1.36, AAVhEr2.29, AAVhEr2.4, AAVhEr2.16, AAVhEr2.30, AAVhEr2.31, AAVhEr2.36, AAVhER1.23, AAVhEr3.1, AAV2.5T, AAV-PAEC, AAV-LK01, AAV-LK02, AAV-LK03, AAV-LK04, AAV-LK05, AAV-LK06, AAV-LK07, AAV-LK08, AAV-LK09, AAV-LK10, AAV-LK11, AAV-LK12, AAV-LK13, AAV-LK14, AAV-LK15, AAV-LK16, AAV-LK17, AAV-LK18, AAV-LK19, AAV-PAEC2, AAV-PAEC4, AAV-PAEC6, AAV-PAEC7, AAV-PAEC8, AAV-PAEC11, AAV-PAEC12, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101, AAV-8h, AAV-8b, AAV-h, AAV-b, AAV SM 10-2, AAV Shuffle 100-1, AAV Shuffle 100-3, AAV Shuffle 100-7, AAV Shuffle 10-2, AAV Shuffle 10-6, AAV Shuffle 10-8, AAV Shuffle 100-2, AAV SM 10-1, AAV SM 10-8, AAV SM 100-3, AAV SM 100-10, BNP61 AAV, BNP62 AAV, BNP63 AAV, AAVrh.50, AAVrh.43, AAVrh.62, AAVrh.48, AAVhu.19, AAVhu.11, AAVhu.53, AAV4-8,rh.64, AAVLG-9/hu.39, AAV54.5/hu.23, AAV54.2/hu.22, AAV54.7/hu.24, AAV54.1/hu.21, AAV54.4R/hu.27, AAV46.2/hu.28, AAV46.6/hu.29, AAV128.1/hu.43, true type AAV (ttAAV), UPENN AAV 10, Japanese AAV 10 serotypes, AAV CBr-7.1, AAV CBr-7.10, AAV CBr-7.2, AAV CBr-7.3, AAV CBr-7.4, AAV CBr-7.5, AAV CBr-7.7, AAV CBr-7.8, AAV CBr-B7.3, AAV CBr-B7.4, AAV CBr-E1, AAV CBr-E2, AAV CBr-E3, AAV CBr-E4, AAV CBr-E5, AAV CBr-e5, AAV CBr-E6, AAV CBr-E7, AAV CBr-E8, AAV CHt-1, AAV CHt-2, AAV CHt-3, AAV CHt-6.1, AAV CHt-6.10, AAV CHt-6.5, AAV CHt-6.6, AAV CHt-6.7, AAV CHt-6.8, AAV CHt-P1, AAV CHt-P2, AAV CHt-P5, AAV CHt-P6, AAV CHt-P8, AAV CHt-P9, AAV CKd-1, AAV CKd-10, AAV CKd-2, AAV CKd-3, AAV CKd-4, AAV CKd-6, AAV CKd-7, AAV CKd-8, AAV CKd-B1, AAV CKd-B2, AAV CKd-B3, AAV CKd-B4, AAV CKd-B5, AAV CKd-B6, AAV CKd-B7, AAV CKd-B8, AAV CKd-H1, AAV CKd-H2, AAV CKd-H13, AAV CKd-H4, AAV CKd-H5, AAV CKd-H6, AAV CKd-N3, AAV CKd-N4, AAV CKd-N9, AAV CLg-F1, AAV CLg-F2, AAV CLg-F3, AAV CLg-F4, AAV CLg-F5, AAV CLg-F6, AAV CLg-F7, AAV CLg-F8, AAV CLv-1, AAV CLv1-1, AAV Clv1-10, AAV CLv1-2, AAV CLv-12, AAV CLv1-3, AAV CLv-13, AAV CLv1-4, AAV Clv1-7, AAV Clv1-8, AAV Clv1-9, AAV CLv-2, AAV CLv-3, AAV CLv-4, AAV CLv-6, AAV CLv-8, AAV CLv-D1, AAV CLv-D2, AAV CLv-D3, AAV CLv-D4, AAV CLV-D5, AAV CLv-D6, AAV CLv-D7, AAV CLv-D8, AAV CLv-E1, AAV CLv-K1, AAV CLV-K3, AAV CLv-K6, AAV CLv-L4, AAV CLv-L5, AAV CLv-L6, AAV CLv-M1, AAV CLv-M11, AAV CLv-M2, AAV CLv-M5, AAV CLv-M6, AAV CLv-M7, AAV CLv-M8, AAV CLv-M9, AAV CLv-R1, AAV CLv-R2, AAV CLv-R3, AAV CLv-R4, AAV CLv-R5, AAV CLv-R6, AAV CLv-R7, AAV CLV-R8, AAV CLv-R9, AAV CSp-1, AAV CSp-10, AAV CSp-11, AAV CSp-2, AAV CSp-3, AAV CSp-4, AAV CSp-6, AAV CSp-7, AAV CSp-8, AAV CSp-8.10, AAV CSp-8.2, AAV CSp-8.4, AAV CSp-8.5, AAV CSp-8.6, AAV CSp-8.7, AAV CSp-8.8, AAV CSp-8.9, AAV CSp-9, AAV.hu.48R3, AAV.VR-355, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAVF1/HSC1, AAVF11/HSC11, AAVF12/HSC12, AAVF13/HSC13, AAVF14/HSC14, AAVF15/HSC15, AAVF16/HSC16, AAVF17/HSC17, AAVF2/HSC2, AAVF3/HSC3, AAVF4/HSC4, AAVF5/HSC5, AAVF6/HSC6, AAVF7/HSC7, AAVF8/HSC8, AAVF9/HSC9, PHP.B, PHP.A, G2B-26, G2B-13, TH1.1-32, and/or TH1.1-35 and variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20030138772, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 64 of US20030138772), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 70 of US20030138772), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 71 of US20030138772), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 63 of US20030138772), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO 114 of US20030138772), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 65 of US20030138772), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 1-3 of US20030138772), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 95 of US20030138772), AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 100 of US20030138772), AAV10 (SEQ ID NO: 117 of US20030138772), AAV11 (SEQ ID NO: 118 of US20030138772), AAV12 (SEQ ID NO: 119 of US20030138772), AAVrh10 (amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 81 of US20030138772), AAV16.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 10), AAV29.3/bb.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 11), AAV29.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 12), AAV29.5/bb.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 13), AAV1.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 14), AAV13.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 15), AAV24.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 16), AAV27.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 17), AAV7.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 18), AAVC1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 19), AAVC3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 20), AAVC5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 21), AAVF1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 22), AAVF3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 23), AAVF5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 24), AAVH6 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 25), AAVH2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 26), AAV42-8 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 27), AAV42-15 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 28), AAV42-5b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 29), AAV42-1b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 30), AAV42-13 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 31), AAV42-3a (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 32), AAV42-4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 33), AAV42-5a (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 34), AAV42-10 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 35), AAV42-3b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 36), AAV42-11 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 37), AAV42-6b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 38), AAV43-1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 39), AAV43-5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 40), AAV43-12 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 41), AAV43-20 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 42), AAV43-21 (US2030138772 SEQ ID NO: 43), AAV43-23 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 44), AAV43-25 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 45), AAV44.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 46), AAV44.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 47), AAV223.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 48), AAV223.2 (US200301138772 SEQ ID NO: 49), AAV223.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 50), AAV223.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 51), AAV223.6 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 52), AAV223.7 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 53), AAVA3.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 54), AAVA3.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 55), AAVA3.7 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 56), AAVA3.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 57), AAV42.12 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 58), AAV44.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 59), AAV42-2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 9), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20150159173, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 23 of US20150159173), rh20 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150159173), rh32/33 (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150159173), rh39 (SEQ ID NO: 3, 20 and 36 of US20150159173), rh46 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 22 of US20150159173), rh73 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150159173), rh74 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150159173), AAV6.1 (SEQ ID NO: 29 of US20150159173), rh.8 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20150159173), rh.48.1 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20150159173), hu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 45 of US20150159173), hu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 42 of US20150159173), hu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20150159173), rh54 (SEQ ID NO: 49 of US20150159173), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of US20150159173), cy.5 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 24 of US20150159173), rh.10 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 25 of US20150159173), rh.13 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 26 of US20150159173), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 27 of US20150159173), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 28 of US20150159173), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 29 of US20150159173), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 30 of US20150159173), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 31 of US20150159173), hu.13 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 32 of US20150159173), hu.26 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 33 of US20150159173), hu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 34 of US20150159173), hu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 35 of US20150159173), rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 37 of US20150159173), rh2 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20150159173), rh.37 (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20150159173), rh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 43 of US20150159173), rh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20150159173), ch.5 (SEQ ID NO: 46 of US20150159173), rh.67 (SEQ ID NO: 47 of US20150159173), rh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 48 of US20150159173), or variants thereof including, but not limited to Cy5R1, Cy5R2, Cy5R3, Cy5R4, rh.13R, rh.37R2, rh.2R, rh.8R, rh.48.1, rh.48.2, rh.48.1.2, hu.44R1, hu.44R2, hu.44R3, hu.29R, ch.5R1, rh64R.1, rh64R2, AAV6.2, AAV6.1, AAV6.12, hu.48R1, hu.48R2, and hu.48R3.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 1-3 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), and AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951).
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV9 sequence as described by N Pulicherla et al (Molecular Therapy 19(6):1070-1078 (2011), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), such as but not limited to, AAV9.9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, or AAV9.84.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV3B (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 11) of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 2, 7 and 11 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 8 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV3A (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 9, of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), or derivatives thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20140359799, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20140359799), AAVDJ (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 3 of US20140359799), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the serotype may be AAVDJ or a variant thereof, such as AAVDJ8 (or AAV-DJ8), as described by Grimm et al. (Journal of Virology 82(12): 5887-5911 (2008), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). The amino acid sequence of AAVDJ8 may comprise two or more mutations in order to remove the heparin binding domain (HBD). As a non-limiting example, the AAV-DJ sequence described as SEQ ID NO: 1 in U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, may comprise two mutations: (1) R587Q where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 587 is changed to glutamine (Q; Gln) and (2) R590T where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 590 is changed to threonine (T; Thr) As another non-limiting example, may comprise three mutations: (1) K406R where lysine (K; Lys) at amino acid 406 is changed to arginine (R; Arg), (2) R587Q where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 587 is changed to glutamine (Q; Gln) and (3) R590T where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 590 is changed to threonine (T; Thr).
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence of AAV4 as described in International Publication No. WO1998011244, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 1-20 of WO1998011244).
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV2 sequence to generate AAV2G9 as described in International Publication No. WO2014144229 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2005033321, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV3-3 (SEQ ID NO: 217 of WO2005033321), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 219 and 202 of WO2005033321), AAV106.1/hu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2005033321), AAV114.3/hu.44) (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2005033321), AAV127.2/hu.41 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 8 of WO2005033321), AAV128.3/hu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 81 of WO2005033321), AAV130.4/hu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 78 of WO2005033321), AAV145.1/hu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 176 and 177 of WO2005033321), AAV145.6/hu.56 (SEQ ID NO: 168 and 192 of WO2005033321), AAV16.12/hu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 and 57 of WO2005033321), AAV16.8/hu.10 (SEQ ID NO: 156 and 56 of WO2005033321), AAV161.10/hu.60 (SEQ ID NO: 170 of WO2005033321), AAV161.6/hu.61 (SEQ ID NO: 174 of WO2005033321), AAV1-7/rh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 32 of WO2005033321), AAV1-8/rh.49 (SEQ ID NO: 103 and 25 of WO2005033321), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 211 and 221 of WO2005033321), AAV2-15/rh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 114 of WO2005033321), AAV2-3/rh.61 (SEQ ID NO: 21 of WO2005033321), AAV2-4/rh.50 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 108 of WO2005033321), AAV2-5/rh.51 (SEQ ID NO: 104 and 22 of WO2005033321), AAV3.1/hu.6 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 84 of WO2005033321), AAV3.1/hu.9 (SEQ ID NO: 155 and 58 of WO2005033321), AAV3-11/rh.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 and 176 of WO2005033321), AAV3-3 (SEQ ID NO: 200 of WO2005033321), AAV33.12/hu.17 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of WO2(05033321), AAV33.4/hu.15 (SEQ ID NO: 50 of WO2005033321), AAV33.8/hu.16 (SEQ ID NO: 51 of WO2005033321), AAV3-9/rh.52 (SEQ ID NO: 96 and 18 of WO2005033321), AAV4-19/rh.55 (SEQ ID NO: 117 of WO2005033321), AAV4-4 (SEQ ID NO: 201 and 218 of WO2005033321), AAV4-9/rh.54 (SEQ ID NO: 116 of WO2005033321), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 199 and 216 of WO2005033321), AAV52.1/hu.20 (SEQ ID NO: 63 of WO2005033321), AAV52/hu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of WO2005033321), AAV5-22/rh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 27 of WO2005033321), AAV5-3/rh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 105 of WO2005033321), AAV5-3/rh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 26 of WO2005033321), AAV58.2/hu.25 (SEQ ID NO: 49 of WO2005033321), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 203 and 220 of WO2005033321), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 222 and 213 of WO2005033321), AAV7.3/hu.7 (SEQ ID NO: 55 of WO2005033321), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 223 and 214 of WO2005033321), AAVH-1/hu.1 (SEQ ID NO: 46 of WO2005033321), AAVH-5/hu.3 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.1 (SEQ ID NO: 144 of WO205033321), AAVhu.10 (SEQ ID NO: 156 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.12 (SEQ ID NO: 59 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.13 (SEQ ID NO: 129 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.14/AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 123 and 3 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.15 (SEQ ID NO: 147 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.16 (SEQ ID NO: 148 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.17 (SEQ ID NO: 83 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.18 (SEQ ID NO: 149 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.2 (SEQ ID NO: 143 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.20 (SEQ ID NO: 134 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.21 (SEQ ID NO: 135 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.22 (SEQ ID NO: 138 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.23.2 (SEQ ID NO: 137 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.24 (SEQ ID NO: 136 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.25 (SEQ ID NO: 146 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.27 (SEQ ID NO: 140 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 132 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.3 (SEQ ID NO: 145 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.31 (SEQ ID NO: 121 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.32 (SEQ ID NO: 122 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.34 (SEQ ID NO: 125 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.35 (SEQ ID NO: 164 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 88 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.39 (SEQ ID NO: 102 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.4 (SEQ ID NO: 141 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.41) (SEQ ID NO: 87 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.41 (SEQ ID NO: 91 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.42 (SEQ ID NO: 85 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.43 (SEQ ID NO: 160 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 144 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.45 (SEQ ID NO: 127 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.46 (SEQ ID NO: 159 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.47 (SEQ ID NO: 128 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 157 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.49 (SEQ ID NO: 189 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.51 (SEQ ID NO: 190 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.52 (SEQ ID NO: 191 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.54 (SEQ ID NO: 188 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.55 (SEQ ID NO: 187 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.56 (SEQ ID NO192 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.57 (SEQ ID NO: 193 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.58 (SEQ ID NO: 194 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.6 (SEQ ID NO: 84 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.6t) (SEQ ID NO: 184 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.61 (SEQ ID NO: 185 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.63 (SEQ ID NO: 195 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.64 (SEQ ID NO: 196 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.66 (SEQ ID NO: 197 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.67 (SEQ ID NO: 198 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.7 (SEQ ID NO: 150 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.8 (SEQ ID NO: 12 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.9 (SEQ ID NO: 155 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-10/rh.40 (SEQ ID No. 14 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-4/rh.38 (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-4/rh.38 (SEQ ID No: 7 of WO2005033321), AAVN721-8/rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of WO2005033321), AAVN721-8/rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 43 of WO2005033321), AAVpi.1 (SEQ ID NO: 28 of WO2005033321), AAVpi.2 (SEQ ID NO: 30 of WO2005033321), AAVpi.3 (SEQ ID NO: 29 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.38 (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.40 (SEQ ID NO: 92 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of WO2(05033321), AAVrh.44 (SEQ ID NO: 34 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.45 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.47 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 115 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.49 (SEQ ID NO: 103 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.51) (SEQ ID NO: 108 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.51 (SEQ ID NO: 104 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.52 (SEQ ID NO: 96 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.53 (SEQ ID NO: 97 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.55 (SEQ ID NO: 37 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.56 (SEQ ID NO: 152 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 105 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 106 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.59 (SEQ ID NO: 42 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.60 (SEQ ID NO: 31 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.61 (SEQ ID NO: 107 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 99 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.65 (SEQ ID NO: 35 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.68 (SEQ ID NO; 16 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.69 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.70 (SEQ ID NO: 20 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.72 (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2005033321), or variants thereof including, but not limited to, AAVcy.2, AAVcy.3, AAVcy 4, AAVcy.5. AAVcy.6. AAVrh.12, AAVrh.17, AAVrh.18, AAVrh.19, AAVrh.21, AAVrh.22, AAVrh.23. AAVrh.24. AAVrh.25, AAVrh.25/42 15, AAVrh.31, AAVrh.32, AAVrh.33, AAVrh.34, AAVrh.35. AAVrh.36, AAVrh.37, AAVrh14. Non-limiting examples of variants include SEQ ID NO: 13, 15, 17, 19, 24, 36, 40, 45, 47, 48, 51-54, 60-62, 64-77, 79, 80, 82, 89, 90, 93-95, 98, 100, 101, 109-113, 118-120, 124, 126, 131, 139, 142, 151, 154, 158, 161, 162, 165-183, 202, 204-212, 215, 219, 224-236, of WO2005033321, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2015168666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVrh8R (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2015168666), AAVrh8R A586R mutant (SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2015168666), AAVrh8R R533A mutant (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2015168666), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVhE1.1 (SEQ ID NO:44 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.5 (SEQ ID NO: 45 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhER1.14 (SEQ ID NO: 46 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.8 (SEQ ID NO: 47 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.16 (SEQ ID NO:48 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.18 (SEQ ID NO: 49 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.35 (SEQ ID NO:50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.7 (SEQ ID NO: 51 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.36 (SEQ ID NO: 52 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.29 (SEQ ID NO:53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.4 (SEQ ID NO: 54 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.16 (SEQ ID NO:55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.30 (SEQ ID NO:56 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.31 (SEQ ID NO:58 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.36 (SEQ ID NO:57 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhER1.23 (SEQ ID NO: 53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr3.1 (SEQ ID NO: 59 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAV2.5T (SEQ ID NO:42 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US201503766007, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-PAEC (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150376607), AAV-LK01 (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150376607), AAV-LK02 (SEQ ID NO: 3 of US20150376607), AAV-LK03 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US20150376607), AAV-LK04 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150376607), AAV-LK05 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150376607), AAV-LK06 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of US20150376607), AAV-LK07 (SEQ ID NO: 8 of US20150376607), AAV-LK08 (SEQ ID NO: 9 of US20150376607), AAV-LK09 (SEQ ID NO: 10 of US20150376607), AAV-LK10 (SEQ ID NO: 11 of US20150376607), AAV-LK11 (SEQ ID NO: 12 of US20150376607), AAV-LK12 (SEQ ID NO: 13 of US20150376607), AAV-LK13 (SEQ ID NO: 14 of US20150376607), AAV-LK14 (SEQ ID NO: 15 of US20150376607), AAV-LK15 (SEQ ID NO: 16 of US20150376607), AAV-LK16 (SEQ ID NO: 17 of US20150376607), AAV-LK17 (SEQ ID NO: 18 of US2015037607), AAV-LK18 (SEQ ID NO: 19 of US20150376607), AAV-LK19 (SEQ ID NO: 20 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC2 (SEQ ID NO: 21 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC4 (SEQ ID NO: 22 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC6 (SEQ ID NO: 23 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC7 (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC8 (SEQ ID NO: 25 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC11 (SEQ ID NO: 26 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC12 (SEQ ID NO: 27, of US20150376607), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,261, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,261), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150376240, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-8h (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150376240), AAV-8b (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150376240), AAV-h (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150376240), AAV-b (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150376240), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20160017295, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV SM 10-2 (SEQ ID NO: 22 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-1 (SEQ ID NO: 23 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-3 (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-7 (SEQ ID NO: 25 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-2 (SEQ ID NO: 34 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-8 (SEQ ID NO: 36 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-2 (SEQ ID NO: 37 of US20160017295), AAV SM 10-1 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20160017295), AAV SM 10-8 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20160017295), AAV SM 100-3 (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20160017295), AAV SM 100-10 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20160017295), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150238550, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BNP61 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150238550), BNP62 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 3 of US20150238550), BNP63 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US20150238554)), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be or may have a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150315612, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVrh.54) (SEQ ID NO: 108 of US20150315612), AAVrh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of US20150315612), AAVrh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of US20150315612), AAVrh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 115 of US20150315612), AAVhu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of US20150315612), AAVhu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 of US20150315612), AAVhu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of US20150315612), AAV4-8/rh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 15 of US20150315612), AAVLG-9/hu.39 (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20150315612), AAV54.5/hu.23 (SEQ ID NO: 6) of US20150315612), AAV54.2/hu.22 (SEQ ID NO: 67 of US20150315612), AAV54.7/hu.24 (SEQ ID NO: 66 of US20150315612), AAV54.1/hu.21 (SEQ ID NO: 65 of US20150315612), AAV54.4R/hu.27 (SEQ ID NO: 64 of US20150315612), AAV46.2/hu.28 (SEQ ID NO: 68 of US20150315612), AAV46.6/hu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 69 of US20150315612), AAV128.1/hu.43 (SEQ ID NO: 80 of US20150315612), or variants thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2015121501, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, true type AAV (ttAAV) (SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO2015121501), “UPenn AAV10” (SEQ ID NO: 8 of WO2015121501), “Japanese AAV10” (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2015121501), or variants thereof.
According to the present invention, AAV capsid serotype selection or use may be from a variety of species. In one embodiment, the AAV may be an avian AAV (AAAV). The AAAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAAV (SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800), or variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the AAV may be a bovine AAV (BAAV). The BAAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BAAV (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769), or variants thereof. The BAAV serotype may be or have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BAAV (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396), or variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the AAV may be a caprine AAV. The caprine AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, caprine AAV (SEQ ID NO: 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396), or variants thereof.
In other embodiments, the AAV may be engineered as a hybrid AAV from two or more parental serotypes. In one embodiment, the AAV may be AAV2G9 which comprises sequences from AAV2 and AAV9. The AAV2G9 AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20160017005, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype generated by the AAV9 capsid library with mutations in amino acids 390-627 (VP1 numbering) as described by Pulicherla et al. (Molecular Therapy 19(6):1070-1078 (2011), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The serotype and corresponding nucleotide and amino acid substitutions may be, but is not limited to, AAV9.1 (G1594C; D532H), AAV6.2 (T1418A and T1436X; V473D and 1479K), AAV9.3 (T1238A; F413Y), AAV9.4 (T1250C and A1617T; F417S), AAV9.5 (A1235G, A1314T, A1642G, C1760T; Q412R, T548A, A587V), AAV9.6 (T1231A, F411I), AAV9.9 (G1203A, G1785T; W595C), AAV9.10 (A1500G, T1676C; M559T), AAV9.11 (A1425T, A1702C, A1769T; T568P, Q590L), AAV9.13 (A1369C, A1720T; N457H, T574S), AAV9.14 (T1340A, T1362C, T1560C, 01713A; L447H), AAV9.16 (A1775T; Q592L), AAV9.24 (T1507C, T1521G; W503R), AAV9.26 (A1337G, A1769C; Y446C, Q590P), AAV9.33 (A1667C; D556A), AAV9.34 (A1534G, C1794T; N512D), AAV9.35 (A1289T, T1450A, C1494T, A1515T, C1794A, G1816A; Q430L, Y484N, N98K, V606I), AAV9.40 (A1694T, E565V), AAV9.41 (A1348T, T1362C; T450S), AAV9.44 (A1684C, A1701T, A1737G; N562H, K567N), AAV9.45 (A1492T, C1804T; N498Y, L602F), AAV9.46 (G1441C, T1525C, T1549G; G481R, W509R, L517V), 9.47 (G1241A, G1358A, A1669G, C1745T; S414N, G453D, K557E, T582I), AAV9.48 (C1445T, A1736T; P482L, Q579L), AAV9.50 (A1638T, C1683T, T1805A; Q546H, L602H), AAV9.53 (G1301A. A1405C, C1664T, G1811T; R134Q, S469R, A555V, G604V), AAV9.54 (C1531A, T1609A; L5111, L537M), AAV9.55 (T1605A; F535L), AAV9.58 (C1475T, C1579A; T4921, H527N), AAV.59 (T1336C; Y446H), AAV9.61 (A1493T; N4981), AAV9.64 (C1531A. A1617T; L5111), AAV9.65 (C1335T, T1530C, C1568A; A523D), AAV9.68 (C1510A; P504T), AAV9.80 (G1441A; G481R), AAV9.83 (C1402A, A15(0T; P468T, E300D), AAV9.87 (T1464C, T1468C; S490P), AAV9.90 (A1196T; Y399F), AAV9.91 (T1316G. A1583T, C17820, T1806C; L439R, K5281), AAV9.93 (A1273G, A1421G, A1638C, C1712T, G1732A, A1744T, A1832T; S425G, Q474R, Q546H, P571L, G578R, T582S, D611V), AAV9.94 (A1675T; M559L) and AAV9.95 (T1605A; F535L).
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2016049230, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAVF1/HSC1 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 20 of WO2016049230), AAVF2/HSC2 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 21 of WO2016049230), AAVF3/HSC3 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 22 of WO2016049230), AAVF4/HSC4 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 23 of WO2016049230), AAVF5/HSC5 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 25 of WO2016049230), AAVF6/HSC6 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 24 of WO2016049230), AAVF7/HSC7 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 27 of WO2016049230), AAVF8/HSC8 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 28 of WO2016049230), AAVF9/HSC9 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 29 of WO2016049230), AAVF11/HSC11 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 26 of WO2016049230), AAVF12/HSC12 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 30 of WO2016049230), AAVF13/HSC13 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 31 of WO2016049230), AAVF14/HSC14 (SEQ ID NO 15 and 32 of WO2016049230), AAVF15/HSC15 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 33 of WO2016049230), AAVF16/HSC16 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 34 of WO2016049230), AAVF17/HSC17 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 35 of WO2016049230), or variants or derivatives thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV CBr-E1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E2 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E3 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E4 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E5 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-e5 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E6 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E7 (SEQ ID NO: 20 and 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E8 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D1 (SEQ ID NO: 22 and 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D2 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D3 (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D4 (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D5 (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 104) of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D6 (SEQ ID NO: 27 and 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLV-D7 (SEQ ID NO: 28 and 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D8 (SEQ ID NO: 29 and 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-E1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R2 (SEQ ID NO: 31 and 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R3 (SEQ ID NO: 32 and 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R4 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R5 (SEQ ID NO: 34 and 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R7 (SEQ ID NO: 36 and 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R8 (SEQ ID NO: 37 and 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R9 (SEQ ID NO: 38 and 112 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F2 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F3 (SEQ ID NO: 41 and 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F4 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F5 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F6 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F7 (SEQ ID NO: 44 and 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F8 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-1 (SEQ ID NO: 45 and 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-10 (SEQ ID NO: 46 and 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-11 (SEQ ID NO: 47 and 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-2 (SEQ ID NO: 48 and 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-3 (SEQ ID NO: 49 and 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-4 (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 124 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-6 (SEQ ID NO: 51 and 125 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-7 (SEQ ID NO: 52 and 126 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-8 (SEQ ID NO: 53 and 127 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-9 (SEQ ID NO: 54 and 128 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-2 (SEQ ID NO: 55 and 129 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-3 (SEQ ID NO: 56 and 130 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-1 (SEQ ID NO: 57 and 131 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-10 (SEQ ID NO: 58 and 132 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-2 (SEQ ID NO: 59 and 133 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-3 (SEQ ID NO: 60 and 134 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-4 (SEQ ID NO: 61 and 135 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-6 (SEQ ID NO: 62 and 136 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-7 (SEQ ID NO: 63 and 137 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-8 (SEQ ID NO: 64 and 138 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-1 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 139 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-12 (SEQ ID NO: 66 and 140 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-13 (SEQ ID NO: 67 and 141 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-2 (SEQ ID NO: 68 and 142 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-3 (SEQ ID NO: 69 and 143 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-4 (SEQ ID NO: 70 and 144 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-6 (SEQ ID NO: 71 and 145 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-8 (SEQ ID NO: 72 and 146 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B1 (SEQ ID NO: 73 and 147 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B2 (SEQ ID NO: 74 and 148 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B3 (SEQ ID NO: 75 and 149 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B4 (SEQ ID NO: 76 and 150 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B5 (SEQ ID NO: 77 and 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B6 (SEQ ID NO: 78 and 152 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B7 (SEQ ID NO: 79 and 153 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B8 (SEQ ID NO: 80 and 154 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H1 (SEQ ID NO: 81 and 155 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H2 (SEQ ID NO: 82 and 156 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H3 (SEQ ID NO: 83 and 157 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H4 (SEQ ID NO: 84 and 158 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H5 (SEQ ID NO: 85 and 159 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H6 (SEQ ID NO: 77 and 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-1 (SEQ ID NO: 86 and 160 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-1 (SEQ ID NO: 171 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 172 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-3 (SEQ ID NO: 173 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-4 (SEQ ID NO: 174 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-7 (SEQ ID NO: 175 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-8 (SEQ ID NO: 176 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-9 (SEQ ID NO: 177 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-10 (SEQ ID NO: 178 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV.VR-355 (SEQ ID NO: 181 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV.hu.48R3 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), or variants or derivatives thereof.
In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2016065001, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV CHt-P2 (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 51 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P5 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 52 of WO20160651M), AAV CHt-P9 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 53 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.1 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 54 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 55 of WO201606500), AAV CBr-7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 56 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.4 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 57 of WO201606500), AAV CBr-7.5 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 58 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.7 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 59 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.8 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 60 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.10 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 61 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N3 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 62 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N4 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 63 of WO201606500), AAV CKd-N9 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 64 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L4 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 65 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L5 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 66 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L6 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 67 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K1 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 68 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K3 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 69 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K6 (SEQ ID NO: 20 and 70 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M1 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 71 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M11 (SEQ ID NO: 22 and 72 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M2 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 73 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M5 (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 74 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M6 (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 75 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M7 (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 76 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M8 (SEQ ID NO: 27 and 77 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M9 (SEQ ID NO: 28 and 78 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P1 (SEQ ID NO: 29 and 79 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P6 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 80 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P8 (SEQ ID NO: 31 and 81 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.1 (SEQ ID NO: 32 and 82 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.10 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 83 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.5 (SEQ ID NO: 34 and 84 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 85 of WO201606500), AAV CHt-6.7 (SEQ ID NO: 36 and 86 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.8 (SEQ ID NO: 37 and 87 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.10 (SEQ ID NO: 38 and 88 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.2 (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 89 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.4 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 90 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.5 (SEQ ID NO: 41 and 91 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.6 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 92 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.7 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 93 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.8 (SEQ ID NO: 44 and 94 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.9 (SEQ ID NO: 45 and 95 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-B7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 46 and 96 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-B7.4 (SEQ ID NO: 47 and 97 of WO2016065001), AAV3B (SEQ ID NO: 48 and 98 of WO2016065001), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 49 and 99 of WO20016065001), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 100 of WO2016065001), or variants or derivatives thereof.
In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype selected from any of those found in Table 1.
In one embodiment, the AAV may comprise a sequence, fragment or variant thereof, of the sequences in Table 1.
In one embodiment, the AAV may be encoded by a sequence, fragment or variant as described in Table 1.
Each of the patents, applications and/or publications listed in Table 1 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2015038958, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 11 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 127 and 126 respectively), PHP.B (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 9 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 868 and 869 respectively), G2B-13 (SEQ ID NO: 12 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 870), G2B-26 (SEQ ID NO: 13 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 868 and 869 respectively), TH1.1-32 (SEQ ID NO: 14 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 871), TH1.1-35 (SEQ ID NO: 15 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 872) or variants thereof. Further, any of the targeting peptides or amino acid inserts described in WO2015038958, may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 126 for the DNA sequence and SEQ ID NO: 127 for the amino acid sequence). In one embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 586-592 of the parent AAV (e.g., AAV9). In another embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 588-589 of the parent AAV sequence. The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 873), KFPVALT (SEQ ID NO: 3 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 874), LAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 31 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 875), AVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 32 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 876), VPFK (SEQ ID NO: 33 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 877), TLAVPF (SEQ ID NO: 34 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 878), TLAVP (SEQ ID NO: 35 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 879), TLAV (SEQ ID NO: 36 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 880), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 28 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 881), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 29 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 882), MNATKNV (SEQ ID NO: 30 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 883), QSSQTPR (SEQ ID NO: 54 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 884), ILGTGTS (SEQ ID NO: 55 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 885), TRTNPEA (SEQ ID NO: 56 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 886), NGGTSSS (SEQ ID NO: 58 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 887), or YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 60 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 888). Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid inserts include the following, AAGTTTCCTGTGGCGTTGACT (SEQ ID NO: 3 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 889), ACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 49 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 890), AGTGTGAGTAAGCCTTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 25 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 891), TTTACGTTGACGACGCCTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 26 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 892), ATGAATGCTACGAAGAATGTG (SEQ ID NO: 27 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 893), CAGTCGTCGCAGACGCCTAGG (SEQ ID NO: 48 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 894), ATTCTGGGGACTGGTACTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 52 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 895), ACGCGGACTAATCCTGAGGCT (SEQ ID NO: 51 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 896), AATGGGGGGACTAGTAGTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 53 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 897), or TATACTTTGTCGCAGGGTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 59 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO 898).
The AAV particles of the present invention comprise a viral genome with at least one ITR region and a payload region. In one embodiment, the viral genome has two ITRs. These two ITRs flank the payload region at the 5′ and 3′ ends. The ITRs function as origins of replication comprising recognition sites for replication. ITRs comprise sequence regions which can be complementary and symmetrically arranged. ITRs incorporated into viral genomes of the invention may be comprised of naturally occurring poly nucleotide sequences or recombinantly derived polynucleotide sequences.
The ITRs may be derived from the same serotype as the capsid, selected from any of the serotypes listed in Table 1, or a derivative thereof. The ITR may be of a different serotype than the capsid. In one embodiment, the AAV particle has more than one ITR. In a non-limiting example, the AAV particle has a viral genome comprising two ITRs. In one embodiment, the ITRs are of the same serotype as one another. In another embodiment, the ITRs are of different serotypes Non-limiting examples include zero, one or both of the ITRs having the same serotype as the capsid. In one embodiment both ITRs of the viral genome of the AAV particle are AAV2 ITRs.
Independently, each ITR may be about 100 to about 150 nucleotides in length. An ITR may be about 100-105 nucleotides in length, 106-110 nucleotides in length, 111-115 nucleotides in length, 116-120 nucleotides in length, 121-125 nucleotides in length, 126-130 nucleotides in length, 131-135 nucleotides in length, 136-140 nucleotides in length, 141-145 nucleotides in length or 146-150 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, the ITRs are 140-142 nucleotides in length. Non-limiting examples of ITR length are 102, 140, 141, 142, 145 nucleotides in length, and those having at least 95% identity thereto.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the viral genome comprises at least one element to enhance the transgene target specificity and expression (See e.g., Powell et al. Viral Expression Cassette Elements to Enhance Transgene Target Specificity and Expression in Gene Therapy, 2015; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Non-limiting examples of elements to enhance the transgene target specificity and expression include promoters, endogenous miRNAs, post-transcriptional regulatory elements (PREs), polyadenylation (Poly A) signal sequences and upstream enhancers (USEs), CMV enhancers and introns.
A person skilled in the art may recognize that expression of the polypeptides of the invention in a target cell may require a specific promoter, including but not limited to, a promoter that is species specific, inducible, tissue-specific, or cell cycle-specific (Parr et al., Nat. Med. 3:1145-9 (1997); the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety).
In one embodiment, the promoter is deemed to be efficient when it drives expression of the polypeptide(s) encoded in the payload region of the viral genome of the AAV particle.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a promoter deemed to be efficient when it drives expression in the cell being targeted.
In one embodiment, the promoter drives expression of the polypeptides of the invention (e.g., a functional antibody) for a period of time in targeted tissues Expression driven by a promoter may be for a period of 1 hour, 2, hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 2) hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 22 days, 23 days, 24 days, 25 days, 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 31) days, 31 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, 18 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months, 22 months, 23 months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years or more than 10 years. Expression may be for 1-5 hours, 1-12 hours, 1-2 days, 1-5 days, 1-2 weeks, 1-3 weeks, 1-4 weeks, 1-2 months, 1-4 months, 1-6 months, 2-6 months, 3-6 months, 3-9 months, 4-8 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 1-5 years, 2-5 years, 3-6 years, 3-8 years, 4-8 years, or 5-10 years.
In one embodiment, the promoter drives expression of the polypeptides of the invention (e.g., a functional antibody) for at least 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, 20 years, 21 years, 22 years, 23 years, 24 years, 25 years, 26 years, 27 years, 28 years, 29 years, 30 years, 31 years, 32 years, 33 years, 34 years, 35 years, 36 years, 37 years, 38 years, 39 years, 40 years, 41 years, 42 years, 43 years, 44 years, 45 years, 46 years, 47 years, 48 years, 49 years, 50 years, 55 years, 60 years, 65 years, or more than 65 years.
Promoters may be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. Non-limiting examples of promoters include viral promoters, plant promoters and mammalian promoters. In some embodiments, the promoters may be human promoters. In some embodiments, the promoter may be truncated.
Promoters which drive or promote expression in most tissues include, but are not limited to, human elongation factor 1α-subunit (EF1α), cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and/or promoter, chicken β-actin (CBA) and its derivative CAG, β glucuronidase (GUSB), or ubiquitin C (UBC). Tissue-specific expression elements can be used to restrict expression to certain cell types such as, but not limited to, muscle specific promoters, B cell promoters, monocyte promoters, leukocyte promoters, macrophage promoters, pancreatic acinar cell promoters, endothelial cell promoters, lung tissue promoters, astrocyte promoters, or nervous system promoters which can be used to restrict expression to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes.
Non-limiting examples of muscle-specific promoters include mammalian muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, mammalian desmin (DES) promoter, mammalian troponin I (TNNI2) promoter, and mammalian skeletal alpha-actin (ASKA) promoter (see, e.g. U.S. Patent Publication US20110212529, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety)
Non-limiting examples of tissue-specific expression elements for neurons include neuron-specific enolase (NSE), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-β), synapsin (Syn), methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), neurofilament light (NFL) or heavy (NFH), β-globin minigene nβ2, preproenkephalin (PPE), enkephalin (Enk) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoters. Non-limiting examples of tissue-specific expression elements for astrocytes include glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and EAAT2 promoters. A non-limiting example of a tissue-specific expression element for oligodendrocytes includes the myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter.
In one embodiment, the promoter may be less than 1 kb. The promoter may have a length of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 38), 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, or more than 800 nucleotides. The promoter may have a length between 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700, 200-800, 300-400, 300-500, 300-600, 300-700, 300-800, 400-500, 400-600, 400-700, 400-800, 500-600, 500-700, 500-800, 600-700, 600-800, or 700-800.
In one embodiment, the promoter may be a combination of two or more components of the same or different starting or parental promoters such as, but not limited to, CMV and CBA. Each component may have a length of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, or more than 800, Each component may have a length between 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700, 200-800, 300-400, 300-500, 300-600, 300-700, 300-800, 400-500, 400-600, 400-700, 400-800, 500-600, 500-700, 500-800, 600-700, 600-800 or 700-800. In one embodiment, the promoter is a combination of a 382 nucleotide CMV-enhancer sequence and a 260 nucleotide CBA-promoter sequence.
In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a ubiquitous promoter Non-limiting examples of ubiquitous promoters include CMV. CBA (including derivatives CAG, CBh, etc.), EF-1α, PGK, UBC, GUSB (hGBp), and UCOE (promoter of HNRPA2B1-CBX3).
Yu et al. (Molecular Pain 2011, 7.63: the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) evaluated the expression of eGFP under the CAG, EFIα, PGK and UBC promoters in rat DRG cells and primary DRG cells using lentiviral vectors and found that UBC showed weaker expression than the other 3 promoters and only 10-12% glial expression was seen for all promoters. Soderblom et al. (E. Neuro 2015, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated the expression of eGFP in AAV8 with CMV and UBC promoters and AAV2 with the CMV promoter after injection in the motor cortex. Intranasal administration of a plasmid containing a UBC or EFIα promoter showed a sustained airway expression greater than the expression with the CMV promoter (See e.g., Gill et al., Gene Therapy 2001, Vol. 8, 1539-1546; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Husain et al. (Gene Therapy 2009; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated an HβH construct with a hGUSB promoter, a ISV-1LAT promoter and an NSE promoter and found that the HβH construct showed weaker expression than NSE in mouse brain. Passini and Wolfe (J. Virol. 2001, 12382-12392, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated the long-term effects of the HβH vector following an intraventricular injection in neonatal mice and found that there was sustained expression for at least 1 year. Low expression in all brain regions was found by Xu et al. (Gene Therapy 2001, 8, 1323-1332, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) when NFL and NFH promoters were used as compared to the CMV-lacZ, CMV-luc, EF, GFAP, hENK, nAChR, PPE, PPE+wpre, NSE (0.3 kb), NSE (1.8 kb) and NSE (1.8 kb+wpre). Xu et al. found that the promoter activity in descending order was NSE (1.8 kb), EF, NSE (0.3 kb), GFAP, CMV, hENK, PPE, NFL and NFH. NFL is a 650 nucleotide promoter and NFH is a 920 nucleotide promoter which are both absent in the liver but NFH is abundant in the sensory proprioceptive neurons, brain and spinal cord and NFH is present in the heart Scn8a is a 470 nucleotide promoter which expresses throughout the DRG, spinal cord and brain with particularly high expression seen in the hippocampal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus (See e.g., Drews et al. Identification of evolutionary conserved, functional noncoding elements in the promoter region of the sodium channel gene SCN8A, Mamm Genome (2007) 18:723-731; and Raymond et al. Expression of Alternatively Spliced Sodium Channel α-subunit genes, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2004) 279(44) 46234-46241; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties).
Any of promoters taught by the aforementioned Yu. Soderblom, Gill, Husain, Passini, Xu, Drews, or Raymond may be used in the present inventions.
In one embodiment, the promoter is not cell specific.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a ubiquitin c (UBC) promoter. The UBC promoter may have a size of 300-350 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the UBC promoter is 332 nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a β-glucuronidase (GUSB) promoter. The GUSB promoter may have a size of 350-400 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the GUSB promoter is 378 nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a neurofilament light (NFL) promoter. The NFL promoter may have a size of 600-700 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the NFL promoter is 650 nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a neurofilament heavy (NFL) promoter. The NFH promoter may have a size of 900-950 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the NFH promoter is 920 nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a scn8a promoter. The scn8a promoter may have a size of 450-500 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the scn8a promoter is 474) nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK) promoter.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a liver or a skeletal muscle promoter. Non-limiting examples of liver promoters include human α-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). Non-limiting examples of skeletal muscle promoters include Desmin, MCK or synthetic C5-12.
In one embodiment, the promoter is a RNA pol III promoter. As a non-limiting example, the RNA pol III promoter is U6. As a non-limiting example, the RNA pol III promoter is H1.
In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises two promoters. As a non-limiting example, the promoters are an EF1α promoter and a CMV promoter.
In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an enhancer element, a promoter and/or a 5′UTR intron. The enhancer element, also referred to herein as an “enhancer.” may be, but is not limited to, a CMV enhancer, the promoter may be, but is not limited to, a CMV, CBA, UBC, GUSB, NSE, Synapsin, MeCP2, and GFAP promoter and the 5′UTR/intron may be, but is not limited to, SV40, and CBA-MVM. As a non-limiting example, the enhancer, promoter and/or intron used in combination may be: (1) CMV enhancer. CMV promoter, SV40 5′UTR intron; (2) CMV enhancer, CBA promoter, SV 40 5′UTR intron; (3) CMV enhancer, CBA promoter, CBA-MVM 5′UTR intron; (4) UBC promoter; (5) GUSB promoter; (6) NSE promoter; (7) Synapsin promoter; (8) MeCP2 promoter; and (9) GFAP promoter.
In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an engineered promoter.
In another embodiment, the viral genome comprises a promoter from a naturally expressed protein.
By definition, wild type untranslated regions (UTRs) of a gene are transcribed but not translated. Generally, the 5′ UTR starts at the transcription start site and ends at the start codon and the 3′ UTR starts immediately following the stop codon and continues until the termination signal for transcription.
Features typically found in abundantly expressed genes of specific target organs may be engineered into UTRs to enhance the stability and protein production. As a non-limiting example, a 5′ UTR from mRNA normally expressed in the liver (e.g., albumin, serum amyloid A, Apolipoprotein A/B/E, transferrin, alpha fetoprotein, erythropoietin, or Factor VIII) may be used in the viral genomes of the AAV particles of the invention to enhance expression in hepatic cell lines or liver.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, wild-type 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) include features which play roles in translation initiation. Kozak sequences, which are commonly known to be involved in the process by which the ribosome initiates translation of many genes, are usually included in 5′ UTRs. Kozak sequences have the consensus CCR(A/G)CCAUGG, where R is a purine (adenine or guanine) three bases upstream of the start codon (ATG), which is followed by another ‘G’.
In one embodiment, the 5′UTR in the viral genome includes a Kozak sequence.
In one embodiment, the 5′UTR in the viral genome does not include a Kozak sequence.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, wild-type 3′ UTRs are known to have stretches of Adenosines and Uridines embedded therein. These AU rich signatures are particularly prevalent in genes with high rates of turnover. Based on their sequence features and functional properties, the AU rich elements (AREs) can be separated into three classes (Chen et al, 1995, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety): Class I AREs, such as, but not limited to, c-Myc and MyoD, contain several dispersed copies of an AUUUA motif within U-rich regions. Class II AREs, such as, but not limited to, GM-CSF and TNF-a, possess two or more overlapping UUAUUUA(U/A)(U/A) nonamers. Class III ARES, such as, but not limited to, c-Jun and Myogenin, are less well defined. These U rich regions do not contain an AUUUA motif. Most proteins binding to the AREs are known to destabilize the messenger, whereas members of the ELAV family, most notably HuR, have been documented to increase the stability of mRNA. HuR binds to AREs of all the three classes. Engineering the HuR specific binding sites into the 3′ UTR of nucleic acid molecules will lead to HuR binding and thus, stabilization of the message in vivo.
Introduction, removal or modification of 3′ UTR AU rich elements (AREs) can be used to modulate the stability of polynucleotides. When engineering specific polynucleotides, e.g., payload regions of viral genomes, one or more copies of an ARE can be introduced to make polynucleotides less stable and thereby curtail translation and decrease production of the resultant protein. Likewise, AREs can be identified and removed or mutated to increase the intracellular stability and thus increase translation and production of the resultant protein.
In one embodiment, the 3′ UTR of the viral genome may include an oligo(dT) sequence for templated addition of a poly-A tail.
In one embodiment, the viral genome may include at least one miRNA seed, binding site or full sequence. microRNAs (or miRNA or miR) are 19-25 nucleotide noncoding RNAs that bind to the sites of nucleic acid targets and down-regulate gene expression either by reducing nucleic acid molecule stability or by inhibiting translation. A microRNA sequence comprises a “seed” region, i.e., a sequence in the region of positions 2-8 of the mature microRNA, which sequence has perfect Watson-Crick complementarity to the miRNA target sequence of the nucleic acid.
In one embodiment, the viral genome may be engineered to include, alter or remove at least one miRNA binding site, sequence, or seed region.
Any UTR from any gene known in the art may be incorporated into the viral genome of the AAV particle. These UTRs, or portions thereof, may be placed in the same orientation as in the gene from which they were selected or they may be altered in orientation or location. In one embodiment, the UTR used in the viral genome of the AAV particle may be inverted, shortened, lengthened, made with one or more other 5′ UTRs or 3′ UTRs known in the art. As used herein, the term “altered” as it relates to a UTR, means that the UTR has been changed in some way in relation to a reference sequence. For example, a 3′ or 5′ UTR may be altered relative to a wild type or native UTR by the change in orientation or location as taught above or may be altered by the inclusion of additional nucleotides, deletion of nucleotides, swapping or transposition of nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particle comprises at least one artificial UTRs which is not a variant of a wild type UTR.
In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particle comprises UTRs which have been selected from a family of transcripts whose proteins share a common function, structure, feature or property.
In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles of the present invention comprise at least one polyadenylation sequence. The viral genome of the AAV particle may comprise a polyadenylation sequence between the 3′ end of the payload coding sequence and the 5′ end of the 3′ITR.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence or “polyA sequence” may range from absent to about 500 nucleotides in length. The polyadenylation sequence may be, but is not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 294), 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, and 500 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-100 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-150 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-160 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-200 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-100 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-150 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-160 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-200 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-100 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-150 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-160 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-200 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-100 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-150 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-160 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-200 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-100 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-150 nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-161) nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-200 nucleotides in length.
Viral genomes of the invention may be engineered with one or more spacer or linker regions to separate coding or non-coding regions.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the AAV particle may optionally encode one or more linker sequences. In some cases, the linker may be a peptide linker that may be used to connect the polypeptides encoded by the payload region (i.e., light and heavy antibody chains during expression). Some peptide linkers may be cleaved after expression to separate heavy and light chain domains, allowing assembly of mature antibodies or antibody fragments. Linker cleavage may be enzymatic. In some cases, linkers comprise an enzymatic cleavage site to facilitate intracellular or extracellular cleavage Some payload regions encode linkers that interrupt polypeptide synthesis during translation of the linker sequence from an mRNA transcript. Such linkers may facilitate the translation of separate protein domains (e.g., heavy and light chain antibody domains) from a single transcript. In some cases, two or more linkers are encoded by a payload region of the viral genome. Non-limiting examples of linkers that may be encoded by the pay load region of an AAV particle viral genome are given in Table 2.
Drosophilaneuroglian
Internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) is a nucleotide sequence (>500 nucleotides) that allows for initiation of translation in the middle of an mRNA sequence (Kim, J. H. et al., 2011. PLoS One 6(4): e18556; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Use of an IRES sequence ensures co-expression of genes before and after the IRES, though the sequence following the IRES may be transcribed and translated at lower levels than the sequence preceding the IRES sequence.
2A peptides are small “self-cleaving” peptides (18-22 amino acids) derived from viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (F2A), porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A). Thoseaasigna virus (T2A), or equine rhinitis A virus (E2A). The 2A designation refers specifically to a region of picornavirus polyproteins that lead to a ribosomal skip at the glycyl-prolyl bond in the C-terminus of the 2A peptide (Kim, J. H. et al., 2011. PLoS One 6(4): e18556; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). This skip results in a cleavage between the 2A peptide and its immediate downstream peptide. As opposed to IRES linkers, 2A peptides generate stoichiometric expression of proteins flanking the 2A peptide and their shorter length can be advantageous in generating viral expression vectors.
Some payload regions encode linkers comprising furin cleavage sites. Furin is a calcium dependent serine endoprotease that cleaves proteins just downstream of a basic amino acid target sequence (Arg-X-(Arg/Lys)-Arg) (Thomas, G., 2002. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3(10): 753-66; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Furin is enriched in the trans-golgi network where it is involved in processing cellular precursor proteins. Furin also plays a role in activating a number of pathogens. This activity can be taken advantage of for expression of polypeptides of the invention.
In some embodiments, the payload region may encode one or more linkers comprising cathepsin, matrix metalloproteinases or legumain cleavage sites. Such linkers are described e.g. by Cizeau and Macdonald in International Publication No. WO2008052322, the contents of which are herein incorporated in their entirety Cathepsins are a family of proteases with unique mechanisms to cleave specific proteins. Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease and cathepsin D is an aspartyl protease. Matrix metalloproteinases are a family of calcium-dependent and zinc-containing endopeptidases. Legumain is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of (-Asn-Xaa-) bonds of proteins and small molecule substrates.
In some embodiments, payload regions may encode linkers that are not cleaved. Such linkers may include a simple amino acid sequence, such as a glycine rich sequence. In some cases, linkers may comprise flexible peptide linkers comprising glycine and serine residues. The linker may comprise flexible peptide linkers of different lengths, e.g. nxG4S, where n=1-10 (SEQ ID NO: 4322) and the length of the encoded linker varies between 5 and 50 amino acids. In a non-limiting example, the linker may be 5×G4S (SEQ ID NO: 4321) encoded by SEQ ID NO: 903. These flexible linkers are small and without side chains so they tend not to influence secondary protein structure while providing a flexible linker between antibody segments (George, R. A., et al., 2002. Protein Engineering 15(11): 871-9, Huston, J. S. et al., 1988. PNAS 85:5879-83; and Shan, D. et al., 1999. Journal of Immunology. 162(11):6589-95; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Furthermore, the polarity of the serine residues improves solubility and prevents aggregation problems.
In some embodiments, payload regions of the invention may encode small and unbranched serine-rich peptide linkers, such as those described by Huston et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,491, the contents of which are herein incorporated in their entirety. Poly peptides encoded by the payload region of the invention, linked by serine-rich linkers, have increased solubility.
In some embodiments, payload regions of the invention may encode artificial linkers, such as those described by Whitlow and Filpula in U.S. Pat. No. 5,856,456 and Ladner et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by their entirety.
In one embodiment, the payload region comprises at least one element to enhance the expression such as one or more introns or portions thereof. Non-limiting examples of introns include, MVM (67-97 bps), F.IX truncated intron 1 (300 bps), β-globin SD/immunoglobulin heavy chain splice acceptor (250 bps), adenovirus splice donor/immunoglobin splice acceptor (500 bps), SV40 late splice donor/splice acceptor (19S/16S) (180 bps) and hybrid adenovirus splice donor/IgG splice acceptor (230 bps).
In one embodiment, the intron or intron portion may be 100-500 nucleotides in length. The intron may have a length of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490 or 500 The intron may have a length between 80-100, 80-120, 80-140, 80-160, 80-180, 80-200, 80-250, 80-300, 80-350, 80-400, 80-450, 80-500, 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 300-400, 300-500, or 400-500.
The AAV particles of the present disclosure comprise at least one payload region. As used herein, “payload” or “payload region” refers to one or more polynucleotides or polynucleotide regions encoded by or within a viral genome or an expression product of such polynucleotide or polynucleotide region, e.g., a transgene, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide or a modulatory nucleic acid or regulatory nucleic acid. Payloads of the present invention typically encode polypeptides (e.g., antibodies or antibody-based compositions) or fragments or variants thereof.
The payload region may be constructed in such away as to reflect a region similar to or mirroring the natural organization of an mRNA.
The payload region may comprise a combination of coding and non-coding nucleic acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the AAV payload region may encode a coding or non-coding RNA.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding more than one polypeptide of interest (e.g., an antibody). In such an embodiment, a viral genome encoding more than one polypeptide may be replicated and packaged into a viral particle. A target cell transduced with a viral particle comprising more than one polypeptide may express each of the polypeptides in a single cell.
In one embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise the components as shown in
In one embodiment, the coding region may comprise a heavy and light chain sequence and a linker. As shown in
Where the AAV particle payload region encodes a polypeptide, the polypeptide may be a peptide or protein. A protein encoded by the AAV particle payload region may comprise an antibody, an antibody related composition, a secreted protein, an intracellular protein, an extracellular protein, and/or a membrane protein. The encoded proteins may be structural or functional. In addition to the antibodies or antibody-based composition, proteins encoded by the payload region may include, in combination, certain mammalian proteins involved in immune system regulation. The AAV viral genomes encoding polypeptides described herein may be useful in the fields of human disease, viruses, infections veterinary applications and a variety of in vivo and in vitro settings.
In some embodiments, the AAV particles are useful in the field of medicine for the treatment, prophylaxis, palliation, or amelioration of neurological diseases and/or disorders.
Payload regions of the AAV particles of the invention may encode poly peptides that form one or more functional antibodies or antibody-based compositions. As used herein, the term “antibody” is referred to in the broadest sense and specifically covers various embodiments including, but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g. bispecific antibodies formed from at least two intact antibodies), and antibody fragments (e.g., diabodies) so long as they exhibit a desired biological activity (e.g., “functional”). Antibodies are primarily amino-acid based molecules but may also comprise one or more modifications (including, but not limited to the addition of sugar moieties, fluorescent moieties, chemical tags, etc.).
As used herein, “antibody-based” or “antibody-derived” compositions are monomeric or multi-meric polypeptides which comprise at least one amino-acid region derived from a known or parental antibody sequence and at least one amino acid region derived from a non-antibody sequence, e.g., mammalian protein.
Payload regions may encode polypeptides that form or function as any antibody, including antibodies that are known in the art and/or antibodies that are commercially available. The encoded antibodies may be therapeutic, diagnostic, or for research purposes. Further, polypeptides of the invention may include fragments of such antibodies or antibodies that have been developed to comprise one or more of such fragments (e.g., variable domains or complementarity determining regions (CDRs)).
In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles may comprise nucleic acids which have been engineered to enable expression of antibodies, antibody fragments, or components of any of those described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,041,807 related to YYX epitope; US20090175884, US20110305630, US20130330275 related to misfolded proteins in cancer; US20040175775 related to PrP in eye fluid; US20030114360 related to copolymers and methods of treating prion-related diseases, WO2009121176 related to insulin-induced gene peptide compositions; US20030022243, WO2003000853 related to protein aggregation assays; WO200078344 related to prion protein peptides and uses thereof. Each of these publications are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In some embodiments, viral genomes of the AAV particles of the invention may encode antibodies or antibody-based compositions produced using methods known in the art. Such methods may include, but are not limited to immunization and display technologies (e.g., phage display, yeast display, and ribosomal display). Antibodies may be developed, for example, using any naturally occurring or synthetic antigen. As used herein, an “antigen” is an entity which induces or evokes an immune response in an organism. An immune response is characterized by the reaction of the cells, tissues and/or organs of an organism to the presence of a foreign entity. Such an immune response typically leads to the production by the organism of one or more antibodies against the foreign entity, e.g., antigen or a portion of the antigen. As used herein, “antigens” also refer to binding partners for specific antibodies or binding agents in a display library.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be derived from antibodies produced using hybridoma technology. Host animals (e.g. mice, rabbits, goats, and llamas) may be immunized by an injection with an antigenic protein to elicit lymphocytes that specifically bind to the antigen. Lymphocytes may be collected and fused with immortalized cell lines to generate hybridomas which can be cultured in a suitable culture medium to promote growth. The antibodies produced by the cultured hybridomas may be subjected to analysis to determine binding specificity of the antibodies for the target antigen Once antibodies with desirable characteristics are identified, corresponding hybridomas may be subcloned through limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods. The antibodies produced by these cells may be isolated and purified using standard immunoglobulin purification procedures.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be produced using heavy and light chain variable region cDNA sequences selected from hybridomas or from other sources. Sequences encoding antibody variable domains expressed by hybridomas may be determined by extracting RNA molecules from antibody-producing hybridoma cells and producing cDNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR may be used to amplify cDNA using primers specific for heavy and light chain sequences. PCR products may then be subcloned into plasmids for sequence analysis. Antibodies may be produced by insertion of resulting variable domain sequences into expression vectors.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be generated using display technologies. Display technologies used to generate polypeptides of the invention may include any of the display techniques (e.g. display library screening techniques) disclosed in International Patent Application No. WO2014074532, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, synthetic antibodies may be designed, selected, or optimized by screening target antigens using display technologies (e.g. phage display technologies). Phage display libraries may comprise millions to billions of phage particles, each expressing unique antibody fragments on their viral coats Such libraries may provide richly diverse resources that may be used to select potentially hundreds of antibody fragments with diverse levels of affinity for one or more antigens of interest (McCafferty, et al., 1990. Nature. 348:552-4, Eduwards. B. M. et al., 2003. JMB. 334: 103-18, Schofield. D. et al., 2007. Genome Biol. 8, R254 and Pershad, K. et al., 2010. Protein Engineering Design and Selection. 23.279-88; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Often, the antibody fragments present in such libraries comprise scFv antibody fragments, comprising a fusion protein of VH and VL antibody domains joined by a flexible linker. In some cases, scFvs may contain the same sequence with the exception of unique sequences encoding variable loops of the CDRs. In some cases, scFvs are expressed as fusion proteins, linked to viral coat proteins (e.g, the N-terminus of the viral pIII coat protein). VL chains may be expressed separately for assembly with VH chains in the periplasm prior to complex incorporation into viral coats. Precipitated library members may be sequenced from the bound phage to obtain cDNA encoding desired scFvs. Antibody variable domains or CDRs from such sequences may be directly incorporated into antibody sequences for recombinant antibody production, or mutated and utilized for further optimization through in vitro affinity maturation.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the poly peptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be produced using yeast surface display technology, wherein antibody variable domain sequences may be expressed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinant antibodies may be developed by displaying the antibody fragment of interest as a fusion to e.g. Aga2p protein on the surface of the yeast, where the protein interacts with proteins and small molecules in a solution scFvs with affinity toward desired receptors may be isolated from the yeast surface using magnetic separation and flow cytometry. Several cycles of yeast surface display and isolation may be done to attain scFvs with desired properties through directed evolution.
In one embodiment, the sequence of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention (e.g., antibodies) may be designed by VERSITOPE™ Antibody Generation and other methods used by BIOATLA® and described in United States Patent Publication No. US20130281303, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In brief, recombinant monoclonal antibodies are derived from B-cells of a host immuno-challenged with one or more target antigens. These methods of antibody generation do not rely on immortalized cell lines, such as hybridoma, thereby avoiding some of the associated challenges i.e., genetic instability and low production capacity, producing high affinity and high diversity recombinant monoclonal antibodies. In one embodiment, the method is a natural diversity approach. In another embodiment, the method is a high diversity approach.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be generated using the BIOATLA® natural diversity approach. In the natural diversity approach of generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies described in United States Patent Publication No. US20130281303, the original pairings of variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) domains are retained from the host, yielding recombinant monoclonal antibodies that are naturally paired. These may be advantageous due to a higher likelihood of functionality as compared to non-natural pairings of VH and VL. To produce the recombinant monoclonal antibodies, first a non-human host (i.e., rabbit, mouse, hamster, guinea pig, camel or goat) is immuno-challenged with an antigen of interest. In some embodiments, the host may be a previously challenged human patient. In other embodiments, the host may not have been immuno-challenged. B-cells are harvested from the host and screened by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), or other method, to create a library of B-cells enriched in B-cells capable of binding the target antigen. The cDNA obtained from the mRNA of a single B-cell is then amplified to generate an immunoglobulin library of VH and VL domains. This library of immunoglobulins is then cloned into expression vectors capable of expressing the VH and VL domains, wherein the VH and VL domains remain naturally paired. The library of expression vectors is then used in an expression system to express the VH and VL domains in order to create an antibody library. Screening of the antibody library yields antibodies able to bind the target antigen, and these antibodies can be further characterized. Characterization may include one or more of the following: isoelectric point, thermal stability, sedimentation rate, folding rate, neutralization or antigen activity, antagonist or agonistic activity, expression level, specific and non-specific binding, inhibition of enzymatic activity, rigidity/flexibility, shape, charge, stability across pH, in solvents, under UV radiation, in mechanical stress conditions, or in sonic conditions, half-life, and glycosylation.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be generated using the BIOATLA® high diversity approach. In the high diversity approach of generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies described in United States Patent Publication No. US20130281303, additional pairings of variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) domains are attained. To produce the recombinant monoclonal antibodies, B-cells harvested from the host are screened by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), panning, or other method, to create a library of B-cells enriched in B-cells capable of binding the target antigen. The cDNA obtained from the mRNA of the pooled B-cells is then amplified to generate an immunoglobulin library of VH and VL domains. This library of immunoglobulins is then used in a biological display system (mammalian, yeast or bacterial cell surface display systems) to generate a population of cells displaying antibodies, fragments or derivatives comprising the VH and VL domains wherein, the antibodies, fragments or derivatives comprise VH and VL domain combinations that were not present in the B-cells in vivo. Screening of the cell population by FACS, with the target antigen, yields a subset of cells capable of binding the target antigen and the antibodies displayed on these cells can be further characterized. In an alternate embodiment of the high diversity approach, the immunoglobulin library comprises only VH domains obtained from the B-cells of the immuno-challenged host, while the VL domain(s) are obtained from another source.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be evolved using BIOATLA® comprehensive approaches. The methods of generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20130281303, further comprises evolving the recombinant antibody by comprehensive positional evolution (CPE™), CPE™ followed by comprehensive protein synthesis (CPS™), PCR shuffling, or other method.
In one embodiment, the sequence of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention (e.g., antibodies) may be derived from any of the BIOATLA® protein evolution methods described in International Publication WO2012009026, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In this method, mutations are systematically performed throughout the polypeptide or molecule of interest, a map is created providing useful informatics to guide the subsequent evolutionary steps. Not wishing to be bound by theory, these evolutionary methods typically start with a template polypeptide and a mutant is derived therefrom, which has desirable properties or characteristics. Non-limiting examples of evolutionary techniques include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), error prone PCR, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, cassette mutagenesis, shuffling, assembly PCR, sexual PCR mutagenesis, in vivo mutagenesis, site-specific mutagenesis, gene reassembly, gene site saturated mutagenesis, in vitro mutagenesis, ligase chain reaction, oligonucleotide synthesis or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the BIOATLA® evolution method is Comprehensive Positional Evolution (CPE™). In CPE, naturally occurring amino acid variants are generated for each of the codons of the template polypeptide, wherein 63 different codon options exist for each amino acid variant. A set of polypeptides with single amino acid mutations are generated and the mutations are then confirmed by sequencing or other method known in the art and each amino acid change screened for improved function, neutral mutations, inhibitory mutations, expression, and compatibility with the host system. An EvoMap™ is created that describes in detail the effects of each amino acid mutation on the properties and characteristics of that polypeptide. The data from the EvoMap™ may be utilized to produce polypeptides with more than one amino acid mutation, wherein the resultant multi-site mutant polypeptides can be screened for desirable characteristics.
In one embodiment, the BIOATLA® evolution method is Synergy Evolution, wherein an EvoMap™ is used to identify amino acid positions to introduce 2-20 mutations simultaneously to produce a combinatorial effect. The resulting multi-site mutant polypeptides may be screened on one or more pre-determined characteristics to identify “upmutants” wherein the function of the mutant is improved as compared to the parent polypeptide. In one embodiment, Synergy Evolution is used to enhance binding affinity of an antibody.
In one embodiment, the BIOATLA® evolution method is Flex Evolution, wherein an EvoMap™ is used to identify fully mutable sites within a polypeptide that may then be targeted for alteration, such as introduction of glycosylation sites or chemical conjugation.
In one embodiment, the BIOATLA® evolution method is Comprehensive Positional Insertion Evolution (CPI™), wherein an amino acid is inserted after each amino acid of a template polypeptide to generate a set of lengthened poly peptides. CPI may be used to insert 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 amino acids at each new position. The resultant lengthened polypeptides are sequenced and assayed for one or more pre-determined properties and evaluated in comparison to its template or parent molecule. In one embodiment, the binding affinity and immunogenicity of the resultant polypeptides are assayed. In one embodiment, the lengthened poly peptides are further mutated and mapped to identify polypeptides with desirable characteristics.
In one embodiment, the BIOATLA® evolution approach is Comprehensive Positional Deletion Evolution (CPD™), wherein each amino acid of the template polypeptide is individually and systematically deleted one at a time. The resultant shortened polypeptides are then sequenced and evaluated by assay for at least one pre-determined feature. In one embodiment, the shortened polypeptides are further mutated and mapped to identify polypeptides with desirable characteristics.
In one embodiment, the BIOATLA® evolution approach is Combinatorial Protein Synthesis (CPS™), wherein mutants identified in CPE, CPI, CPD, or other evolutionary techniques are combined for polypeptide synthesis. These combined mutant polypeptides are then screened for enhanced properties and characteristics. In one embodiment CPS is combined with any of the aforementioned evolutionary or polypeptide synthesis methods.
In one embodiment, the sequence of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention (e.g., antibodies) may be derived from the BIOATLA® Comprehensive Integrated Antibody Optimization (CIAO!™) described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,859,467, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The CIAO!™ method allows for simultaneous evolution of polypeptide performance and expression optimization, within a eukaryotic cell host (i.e., mammalian or yeast cell host). First, an antibody library is generated in a mammalian cell production host by antibody cell surface display, wherein the generated antibody library targets a particular antigen of interest. The antibody library is then screened by any method known in the art, for one or more properties or characteristics. One or more antibodies of the library, with desirable properties or characteristics are chosen for further polypeptide evolution by any of the methods known in the art, to produce a library of mutant antibodies by antibody cell surface display in a mammalian cell production host. The generated mutant antibodies are screened for one or more predetermined properties or characteristics, whereby an upmutant is selected, wherein the upmutant has enhanced or improved characteristics as compared to the parent template polypeptide.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be humanized by the methods of BIOATLA® as described in United States Patent Publication US20130303399, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In this method, for generating enhanced full length humanized antibodies in mammalian cells, no back-mutations are required to retain affinity to the antigen and no CDR grafting or phage-display is necessary. The generated humanized antibody has reduced immunogenicity and equal or greater affinity for the target antigen as compared to the parent antibody. The variable regions or CDRs of the generated humanized antibody are derived from the parent or template, whereas the framework and constant regions are derived from one or more human antibodies. To start, the parent, or template antibody is selected, cloned and each CDR sequence identified and synthesized into a CDR fragment library. Double stranded DNA fragment libraries for VH and VL are synthesized from the CDR fragment encoding libraries, wherein at least one CDR fragment library is derived from the template antibody and framework (FW) fragment encoding libraries, wherein the FW fragment library is derived from a pool of human frameworks obtained from natively expressed and functional human antibodies. Stepwise liquid phase ligation of FW and CDR encoding fragments is then used to generate both VH and VL fragment libraries. The VH and VL fragment libraries are then cloned into expression vectors to create a humanization library, which is further transfected into cells for expression of full length humanized antibodies, and used to create a humanized antibody library. The humanized antibody library is then screened to determine expression level of the humanized antibodies, affinity or binding ability for the antigen, and additional improved or enhanced characteristics, as compared to the template or parent antibody. Non-limiting examples of characteristics that may be screened include equilibrium dissociation constant (KD), stability, melting temperature (Tm), pI, solubility, expression level, reduced immunogenicity, and improved effector function.
In one embodiment, the sequences of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention may be generated by the BIOATLA® method for preparing conditionally active antibodies as described in International Publications WO2016033331 and WO2016036916, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. As used herein, the term “conditionally active” refers to a molecule that is active at an aberrant condition. Further, the conditionally active molecule may be virtually inactive at normal physiological conditions Aberrant conditions may result from changes in pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, osmolality, oxidative stress, electrolyte concentration, and/or chemical or proteolytic resistance, as non-limiting examples.
The method of preparing a conditionally active antibody is described in International Publications WO2016033331 and WO2016036916 and summarized herein. Briefly, a wild-type polypeptide is selected and the DNA is evolved to create mutant DNAs. Non-limiting examples of evolutionary techniques that may be used to evolve the DNA include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), error prone PCR, shuffling, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, assembly PCR, sexual PCR mutagenesis, in vivo mutagenesis, site-specific mutagenesis, gene reassembly, gene site saturated mutagenesis, in vitro mutagenesis, ligase chain reaction, oligonucleotide synthesis or any combination thereof. Once mutant DNAs are created, they are expressed in a eukaryotic cell production host (i.e., fungal, insect, mammalian, adenoviral, plant), wherein a mutant polypeptide is produced. The mutant polypeptide and the corresponding wild-type polypeptide are then subjected to assays wider both normal physiological conditions and aberrant conditions in order to identify mutants that exhibit a decrease in activity in the assay at normal physiological conditions as compared to the wild-type polypeptide and/or an increase in activity in the assay under aberrant conditions, as compared to the corresponding wild-type polypeptide. The desired conditionally active mutant may then be produced in the aforementioned eukaryotic cell production host.
In one embodiment, the conditionally active antibody is a “mirac protein” as described by BIOATLA® in U.S. Pat. No. 8,709,755, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. As used herein “mirac protein” refers to a conditionally active antibody that is virtually inactive at body temperature but active at lower temperatures.
In one embodiment, the sequence of the polypeptides to be encoded in the viral genomes of the invention (e.g., antibodies) may be derived based on any of the BIOATLA™ methods including, but not limited to, VERSITOPE™ Antibody Generation, natural diversity approaches, and high diversity approaches for generating monoclonal antibodies, methods for generation of conditionally active polypeptides, humanized antibodies, mirac proteins, multi-specific antibodies or cross-species active mutant polypeptides. Comprehensive Integrated Antibody Optimization (CIAO!™), Comprehensive Positional Evolution (CPE™), Synergy Evolution, Flex Evolution, Comprehensive Positional Insertion Evolution (CPI™), Comprehensive Positional Deletion Evolution (CPD™), Combinatorial Protein Synthesis (CPS™), or any combination thereof. These methods are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,859,467 and 8,709,755 and United States Publication Nos. US20130281303, US20130303399, US20150065690, US20150252119, US20150086562 and US20100138945, and International Publication Nos. WO2015105888, WO2012009026, WO2011109726, WO2016036916, and WO2016033331, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, antibodies of the present invention are generated by any of the aforementioned means to target one or more of the following epitopes of the tau protein; phosphorylated tau peptides, pS396, pS396-pS404, pS404, pS396-pS404-pS422, pS422, pS199, pS199-pS202, pS202, pTI81, pT231, cis-pT231, any of the following acetylated sites acK174, acK274, acK280, acK281 and/or any combination thereof
In some embodiments, antibody fragments encoded by payloads of the invention comprise antigen binding regions from intact antibodies. Examples of antibody fragments may include, but are not limited to Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, and Fv fragments; diabodies, linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules, and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. Papain digestion of antibodies produces two identical antigen-binding fragments, called “Fab” fragments, each with a single antigen-binding site. Also produced is a residual “Fc” fragment, whose name reflects its ability to crystallize readily. Pepsin treatment yields an F(ab′)2 fragment that has two antigen-binding sites and is still capable of cross-linking antigen. Compounds and/or compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more of these fragments. For the purposes herein, an “antibody.” may comprise a heavy and light variable domain as v ell as an Fc region.
In one embodiment, the Fc region may be a modified Fc region, as described in US Patent Publication US20150065690, wherein the Fc region may have a single amino acid substitution as compared to the corresponding sequence for the wild-type Fc region, wherein the single amino acid substitution yields an Fc region with preferred properties to those of the wild-type Fc region. Non-limiting examples of Fc properties that may be altered by the single amino acid substitution include bind properties or response to pH conditions
As used herein, the term “native antibody” refers to an usually heterotetrameric glycoprotein of about 150,000 Daltons, composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. Genes encoding antibody heavy and light chains are known and segments making up each have been well characterized and described (Matsuda, F. et al., 1998. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 188(11): 2151-62 and Li, A. et al., 2004. Blood. 103(12: 4602-9, the content of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Each light chain is linked to a heavy chain by one covalent disulfide bond, while the number of disulfide linkages varies among the heavy chains of different immunoglobulin isotypes Each heavy and light chain also has regularly spaced intrachain disulfide bridges. Each heavy chain has at one end a variable domain (VH) followed by a number of constant domains. Each light chain has a variable domain at one end (VL) and a constant domain at its other end; the constant domain of the light chain is aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain, and the light chain variable domain is aligned with the variable domain of the heavy chain.
As used herein, the term “variable domain” refers to specific antibody domains found on both the antibody heavy and light chains that differ extensively in sequence among antibodies and are used in the binding and specificity of each particular antibody for its particular antigen. Variable domains comprise hypervariable regions. As used herein, the term “hypervariable region” refers to a region within a variable domain comprising amino acid residues responsible for antigen binding. The amino acids present within the hypervariable regions determine the structure of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that become part of the antigen-binding site of the antibody. As used herein, the term “CDR” refers to a region of an antibody comprising a structure that is complimentary to its target antigen or epitope. Other portions of the variable domain, not interacting with the antigen, are referred to as framework (FW) regions. The antigen-binding site (also known as the antigen combining site or paratope) comprises the amino acid residues necessary to interact with a particular antigen. The exact residues making up the antigen-binding site are typically elucidated by co-crystallography with bound antigen, how ever computational assessments can also be used based on comparisons with other antibodies (Strohl, W. R Therapeutic Antibody Engineering Woodhead Publishing, Philadelphia Pa. 2012. Ch. 3, p 47-54, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Determining residues making up CDRs may include the use of numbering schemes including, but not limited to, those taught by Kabat [Wu, T. T. et al., 1970, JEM, 132(2):211-50 and Johnson, G. et al., 2000, Nucleic Acids Res 28(1): 214-8, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety], Chothia [Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196, 901 (1987), Chothia et al., Nature 342, 877 (1989) and Al-Lazikani, B. et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol. 273(4):927-48, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety], Lefranc (Lefranc, M. P. et al., 2005. Immunome Res. 1:3) and Honegger (Honegger. A. and Pluckthun, A. 2001. J. Mol. Biol. 309(3):657-70, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety).
VH and VL domains have three CDRs each. VL CDRs are referred to herein as CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3, in order of occurrence when moving from N- to C-terminus along the variable domain polypeptide. VH CDRs are referred to herein as CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, in order of occurrence when moving from N- to C-terminus along the variable domain polypeptide. Each of CDRs have favored canonical structures with the exception of the CDR-H3, which comprises amino acid sequences that may be highly variable in sequence and length between antibodies resulting in a variety of three-dimensional structures in antigen-binding domains (Nikoloudis. D. et al., 2014. Peer J. 2:e456; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). In some cases, CDR-H3s may be analyzed among a panel of related antibodies to assess antibody diversity. Various methods of determining CDR sequences are known in the art and may be applied to known antibody sequences (Strohl, W. R. Therapeutic Antibody Engineering. Woodhead Publishing, Philadelphia Pa. 2012. Ch. 3, p 47-54, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety).
As used herein, the term “Fv” refers to an antibody fragment comprising the minimum fragment on an antibody needed to form a complete antigen-binding site. These regions consist of a dimer of one heavy chain and one light chain variable domain in tight, non-covalent association. Fv fragments can be generated by proteolytic cleavage, but are largely unstable. Recombinant methods are known in the art for generating stable Fv fragments, typically through insertion of a flexible linker between the light chain variable domain and the heavy chain variable domain [to form a single chain Fv (scFv)] or through the introduction of a disulfide bridge between heavy and light chain variable domains (Strohl, W. R. Therapeutic Antibody Engineering. Woodhead Publishing, Philadelphia Pa. 2012. Ch. 3, p 46-47, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety).
As used herein, the term “light chain” refers to a component of an antibody from any vertebrate species assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa and lambda based on amino acid sequences of constant domains. Depending on the amino acid sequence of the constant domain of their heavy chains, antibodies can be assigned to different classes. There are five major classes of intact antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgA2.
As used herein, the term “single chain Fv” or “scFv” refers to a fusion protein of VH and VL antibody domains, wherein these domains are linked together into a single polypeptide chain by a flexible peptide linker. In some embodiments, the Fv polypeptide linker enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding. In some embodiments, scFvs are utilized in conjunction with phage display, yeast display or other display methods where they may be expressed in association with a surface member (e.g. phage coat protein) and used in the identification of high affinit ypeptides for a given antigen.
As used herein, the term “bispecific antibody” refers to an antibody capable of binding two different antigens. Such antibodies typically comprise regions from at least two different antibodies. Bispecific antibodies may include any of those described in Riethmuller, G. 2012. Cancer Immunity. 12:12-18, Marvin, J. S. et al., 2005. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 26(6) 649-58 and Schaefer, W. et al., 2011. PNAS. 108(27):11187-92, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
As used herein, the term “diabody” refers to a small antibody fragment with two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies comprise a heavy chain variable domain VH connected to a light chain variable domain VL in the same polypeptide chain. By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are described more fully in, for example, EP 404097; WO 9311161; and Hollinger et al. (Hollinger. P. et al., “Diabodies”: Small bivalent and bispecific antibody fragments. PNAS. 1993. 90:6444-8) the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The term “intrabody” refers to a form of antibody that is not secreted from a cell in which it is produced, but instead targets one or more intracellular proteins. Intrabodies may be used to affect a multitude of cellular processes including, but not limited to intracellular trafficking, transcription, translation, metabolic processes, proliferative signaling, and cell division. In some embodiments, methods of the present invention may include intrabody-based therapies. In some such embodiments, variable domain sequences and/or CDR sequences disclosed herein may be incorporated into one or more constructs for intrabody-based therapy.
As used herein, the term “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous cells (or clones), i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical and/or bind the same epitope, except for possible variants that may arise during production of the monoclonal antibodies, such variants generally being present in minor amounts. In contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations that typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes), each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen
The modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. The monoclonal antibodies herein include “chimeric” antibodies (immunoglobulins) in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the chain(s) is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such antibodies.
As used herein, the term “humanized antibody” refers to a chimeric antibody comprising a minimal portion from one or more non-human (e.g., murine) antibody source(s) with the remainder derived from one or more human immunoglobulin sources. For the most part, humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues from the hypervariable region from an antibody of the recipient are replaced by residues from the hypervariable region from an antibody of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, rabbit or nonhuman primate having the desired specificity, affinity, and/or capacity.
In some embodiments, viral genomes of the present invention may encode antibody mimetics. As used herein, the term “antibody mimetic” refers to any molecule which mimics the function or effect of an antibody and which binds specifically and with high affinity to their molecular targets. In some embodiments, antibody mimetics may be monobodies, designed to incorporate the fibronectin type III domain (Fn3) as a protein scaffold (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,673,901; 6,348,584). In some embodiments, antibody mimetics may be those known in the art including, but are not limited to affibody molecules, affilins, affitins, anticalins, avimers, Centyrins, DARPINS™, fynomers, Kunitz domains, and domain peptides. In other embodiments, antibody mimetics may include one or more non-peptide regions.
As used herein, the term “antibody variant” refers to a modified antibody (in relation to a native or starting antibody) or a biomolecule resembling a native or starting antibody in structure and/or function (e.g., an antibody mimetic). Antibody variants may be altered in their amino acid sequence, composition, or structure as compared to a native antibody. Antibody variants may include, but are not limited to, antibodies with altered isotypes (e.g., IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or IgM), humanized variants, optimized variants, multispecific antibody variants (e.g., bispecific variants), and antibody fragments.
The preparation of antibodies, whether monoclonal or polyclonal, is known in the art. Techniques for the production of antibodies are well known in the art and described, e.g. in Harlow and Lane “Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual”, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1988, Harlow and Lane “Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1999 and “Therapeutic Antibody Engineering: Current and Future Advances Driving the Strongest Growth Area in the Pharmaceutical Industry” Woodhead Publishing, 2012.
In some embodiments, payloads of the invention may encode antibodies that bind more than one epitope. As used herein, the terms “multibody” or “multispecific antibody” refer to an antibody wherein two or more variable regions bind to different epitopes. The epitopes may be on the same or different targets. In certain embodiments, a multi-specific antibody is a “bispecific antibody.” which recognizes two different epitopes on the same or different antigens.
In one embodiment, multi-specific antibodies may be prepared by the methods used by BIOATLA® and described in International Patent publication WO201109726, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety First a library of homologous, naturally occurring antibodies is generated by any method known in the art (i.e., mammalian cell surface display), then screened by FACSAria or another screening method, for multi-specific antibodies that specifically bind to two or more target antigens. In one embodiment, the identified multi-specific antibodies are further evolved by any method known in the art, to produce a set of modified multi-specific antibodies. These modified multi-specific antibodies are screened for binding to the target antigens. In one embodiment, the multi-specific antibody may be further optimized by screening the evolved modified multi-specific antibodies for optimized or desired characteristics.
In one embodiment, multi-specific antibodies may be prepared by the methods used by BIOATLA® and described in Unites States Publication No. US20150252119, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one approach, the variable domains of two parent antibodies, wherein the parent antibodies are monoclonal antibodies are evolved using any method known in the art in a manner that allows a single light chain to functionally complement heavy chains of two different parent antibodies. Another approach requires evolving the heavy chain of a single parent antibody to recognize a second target antigen. A third approach involves evolving the light chain of a parent antibody so as to recognize a second target antigen Methods for polypeptide evolution are described in International Publication WO2012009026, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, and include as non-limiting examples, Comprehensive Positional Evolution (CPE), Combinatorial Protein Synthesis (CPS), Comprehensive Positional Insertion (CPI), Comprehensive Positional Deletion (CPD), or any combination thereof. The Fc region of the multi-specific antibodies described in United States Publication No. US20150252119 may be created using a knob-in-hole approach, or any other method that allows the Fc domain to form heterodimers. The resultant multi-specific antibodies may be further evolved for improved characteristics or properties such as binding affinity for the target antigen.
In some embodiments, payloads of the invention may encode bispecific antibodies Bispecific antibodies are capable of binding two different antigens. Such antibodies typically comprise antigen-binding regions from at least two different antibodies. For example, a bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb, BsAb) is an artificial protein composed of fragments of two different monoclonal antibodies, thus allowing the BsAb to bind to two different types of antigen.
In some cases, payloads encode bispecific antibodies comprising antigen-binding regions from two different anti-tau antibodies. For example, such bispecific antibodies may comprise binding regions from two different antibodies selected from Table 3.
Bispecific antibody frameworks may include any of those described in Riethmuller, G., 2012. Cancer Immunity. 12:12-18; Marvin, J. S. et al., 2005. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 26(6):649-58; and Schaefer. W. et al., 2011. PNAS. 108(27) 11187-92, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
New generations of BsMAb, called “trifunctional bispecific” antibodies, have been developed. These consist of two heavy and two light chains, one each from two different antibodies, where the two Fab regions (the arms) are directed against two antigens, and the Fc region (the foot) comprises the two heavy chains and forms the third binding site.
Of the two paratopes that form the tops of the variable domains of a bispecific antibody, one can be directed against a target antigen and the other against a T-lymphocyte antigen like CD3. In the case of trifunctional antibodies, the Fe region may additionally bind to a cell that expresses Fc receptors, like a macrophage, a natural killer (NK) cell or a dendritic cell. In sum, the targeted cell is connected to one or two cells of the immune system, which subsequently destroy it.
Other types of bispecific antibodies have been designed to overcome certain problems, such as short half-life, immunogenicity and side-effects caused by cytokine liberation They include chemically linked Fabs, consisting only of the Fab regions, and various types of bivalent and trivalent single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), fusion proteins mimicking the variable domains of two antibodies. The furthest developed of these newer formats are the bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and mAb2's, antibodies engineered to contain an Fcab antigen-binding fragment instead of the Fc constant region.
Using molecular genetics, two scFvs can be engineered in tandem into a single polypeptide, separated by a linker domain, called a “tandem scFv” (tascFv). TascFvs have been found to be poorly soluble and require refolding when produced in bacteria, or they may be manufactured in mammalian cell culture systems, which avoids refolding requirements but may result in poor yields Construction of a tascFv with genes for two different scFvs yields a “bispecific single-chain variable fragments” (bis-scFvs). Only two tascFvs have been developed clinically by commercial firms, both are bispecific agents in active early phase development by Micromet for oncologic indications, and are described as “Bispecific T-cell Engagers (BiTE).” Blinatumomab is an anti-CD19/anti-CD3 bispecific tascFv that potentiates T-cell responses to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Phase 2. MT110 is an anti-EP-CAM/anti-CD3 bispecific tascFv that potentiates T-cell responses to solid tumors in Phase 1. Bispecific, tetravalent “TandAbs” are also being researched by Affimed (Nelson, A. L., MAbs.2010. January-February: 2(1) 77-83).
In some embodiments, payloads may encode antibodies comprising a single antigen-binding domain. These molecules are extremely small, with molecular weights approximately one-tenth of those observed for full-sized mAbs. Further antibodies may include “nanobodies” derived from the antigen-binding variable heavy chain regions (VMis) of heavy chain antibodies found in camels and llamas, which lack light chains (Nelson, A. L., MAbs.2010. January-February; 2(1):77-83).
Disclosed and claimed in PCT Publication WO2014144573 to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center are multimerization technologies for making dimeric multispecific binding agents (e.g., fusion proteins comprising antibody components) with improved properties over multispecific binding agents without the capability of dimerization.
In some cases, payloads of the invention may encode tetravalent bispecific antibodies (TetBiAbs as disclosed and claimed in PCT Publication WO2014144357). TetBiAbs feature a second pair of Fab fragments with a second antigen specificity attached to the C-terminus of an antibody, thus providing a molecule that is bivalent for each of the two antigen specificities. The tetravalent antibody is produced by genetic engineering methods, by linking an antibody heavy chain covalently to a Fab light chain, which associates with its cognate, co-expressed Fab heavy chain.
In some aspects, payloads of the invention may encode biosynthetic antibodies as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,513, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such antibody may include one or more sequences of amino acids constituting a region which behaves as a biosynthetic antibody binding site (BABS). The sites comprise 1) non-covalently associated or disulfide bonded synthetic VH and VL dimers, 2) VH-VL or VL-VH single chains wherein the VH and VL are attached by a polypeptide linker, or 3) individuals VH or VL domains. The binding domains comprise linked CDR and FR regions, which may be derived from separate immunoglobulins. The biosynthetic antibodies may also include other polypeptide sequences which function, e.g., as an enzyme, toxin, binding site, or site of attachment to an immobilization media or radioactive atom. Methods are disclosed for producing the biosynthetic antibodies, for designing BABS having any specificity that can be elicited by in vivo generation of antibody, and for producing analogs thereof.
In some embodiments, payloads may encode antibodies with antibody acceptor frameworks taught in U.S. Pat. No. 8,399,625. Such antibody acceptor frameworks may be particularly well suited accepting CDRs from an antibody of interest. In some cases, CDRs from anti-tau antibodies known in the art or developed according to the methods presented herein may be used
In one embodiment, the antibody encoded by the payloads of the invention may be a “miniaturized” antibody. Among the best examples of mAb miniaturization are the small modular immunopharmaceuticals (SMIPs) from Trubion Pharmaceuticals. These molecules, which can be monovalent or bivalent, are recombinant single-chain molecules containing one VL, one VH antigen-binding domain, and one or two constant “effector” domains, all connected by linker domains. Presumably, such a molecule might offer the advantages of increased tissue or tumor penetration claimed by fragments while retaining the immune effector functions conferred by constant domains. At least three “miniaturized” SMIPs have entered clinical development TRU-015, an anti-CD20 SMIP developed in collaboration with Wyeth, is the most advanced project, having progressed to Phase 2 for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Earlier attempts in systemic lupus erythrematosus (SLE) and B cell lymphomas were ultimately discontinued. Trubion and Facet Biotechnology are collaborating in the development of TRU-016, an anti-CD37 SMIP, for the treatment of CLL and other lymphoid neoplasias, a project that has reached Phase 2. Wyeth has licensed the anti-CD20 SMIP SBI-087 for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including RA, SLE, and possibly multiple sclerosis, although these projects remain in the earliest stages of clinical testing. (Nelson, A. L., MAbs 2010. January-February: 2(1).77-83).
In some embodiments, payloads of the invention may encode diabodies. Diabodies are functional bispecific single-chain antibodies (bscAb). These bivalent antigen-binding molecules are composed of non-covalent dimers of scFvs. and can be produced in mammalian cells using recombinant methods. (See, e.g., Mack et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92: 7021-7025, 1995). Few diabodies have entered clinical development. An iodine-123-labeled diabody version of the anti-CEA chimeric antibody cT84.66 has been evaluated for pre-surgical immunoscintigraphic detection of colorectal cancer in a study sponsored by the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00647153) (Nelson, A. L., MAbs., 2010. January-February; 2(1):77-83)
In some embodiments, payloads may encode a “unibody,” in which the hinge region has been removed from IgG4 molecules. While IgG4 molecules are unstable and can exchange light-heavy chain heterodimers with one another, deletion of the hinge region prevents heavy chain-heavy chain pairing entirely, leaving highly specific monovalent light/heavy heterodimers, while retaining the Fc region to ensure stability and half-life in vivo. This configuration may minimize the risk of immune activation or oncogenic growth, as IgG4 interacts poorly with FcRs and monovalent unibodies fail to promote intracellular signaling complex formation. These contentions are, however, largely supported by laboratory, rather than clinical, evidence. Other antibodies may be “miniaturized” antibodies, which are compacted 100 kDa antibodies (see. e.g., Nelson, A. L., MAbs., 2010. January-February; 2(1):77-83).
In some embodiments, payloads of the invention may encode intrabodies. Intrabodies are a form of antibody that is not secreted from a cell in which it is produced, but instead targets one or more intracellular proteins Intrabodies are expressed and function intracellularly, and may be used to affect a multitude of cellular processes including, but not limited to intracellular trafficking, transcription, translation, metabolic processes, proliferative signaling and cell division. In some embodiments, methods described herein include intrabody-based therapies. In some such embodiments, variable domain sequences and/or CDR sequences disclosed herein are incorporated into one or more constructs for intrabody-based therapy. For example, intrabodies may target one or more glycated intracellular proteins or may modulate the interaction between one or more glycated intracellular proteins and an alternative protein.
More than two decades ago, intracellular antibodies against intracellular targets were first described (Biocca, Neuberger and Cattaneo EMBO J. 9: 101-108, 1994)). The intracellular expression of intrabodies in different compartments of mammalian cells allows blocking or modulation of the function of endogenous molecules (Biocca, et al., EMBO J. 9: 101-108, 1990, Colby et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 17616-21, 2004) Intrabodies can alter protein folding, protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-RNA interactions and protein modification. They can induce a phenotypic knockout and work as neutralizing agents by direct binding to the target antigen, by diverting its intracellular trafficking or by inhibiting its association with binding partners. They have been largely employed as research tools and are emerging as therapeutic molecules for the treatment of human diseases such as viral pathologies, cancer and misfolding diseases. The fast-growing bio-market of recombinant antibodies provides intrabodies with enhanced binding specificity, stability, and solubility, together with lower immunogenicity, for their use in therapy (Biocca, abstract in Antibody Expression and Production Cell Engineering Volume 7, 2011. pp. 179-195).
In some embodiments, intrabodies have advantages over interfering RNA (iRNA); for example, iRNA has been shown to exert multiple non-specific effects, whereas intrabodies have been shown to have high specificity and affinity to target antigens. Furthermore, as proteins, intrabodies possess a much longer active half-life than iRNA. Thus, when the active half-life of the intracellular target molecule is long, gene silencing through iRNA may be slow to yield an effect, whereas the effects of intrabody expression can be almost instantaneous Lastly, it is possible to design intrabodies to block certain binding interactions of a particular target molecule, while sparing others.
Intrabodies are often single chain variable fragments (scFvs) expressed from a recombinant nucleic acid molecule and engineered to be retained intracellularly (e.g., retained in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, or periplasm). Intrabodies may be used, for example, to ablate the function of a protein to which the intrabody binds. The expression of intrabodies may also be regulated through the use of inducible promoters in the nucleic acid expression vector comprising the intrabody. Intrabodies may be produced for use in the viral genomes of the invention using methods known in the art, such as those disclosed and reviewed in: (Marasco et al., 1993 Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 90: 7889-7893, Chen et al., 1994, Hum. Gene Ther. 5:595-601: Chen et al., 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 5932-5936; Maciejewski et al., 1995, Nature Med., 1: 667-673; Marasco, 1995, Immunotech, 1: 1-19, Mhashilkar, et al., 1995, EMBO J. 14: 1542-51, Chen et al., 1996, Hum. Gene Therap., 7: 1515-1525; Marasco, Gene Ther. 4:11-15, 1997; Rondon and Marasco, 1997, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 51:257-283; Cohen, et al., 1998, Oncogene 17:2445-56: Proba et al., 1998, J. Mol. Biol. 275:245-253: Cohen et al., 1998, Oncogene 17:2445-2456: Hassanzadeh, et al., 1998, FEBS Lett. 437:81-6; Richardson et al., 1998, Gene Ther. 5:635-44; Ohage and Steipe, 1999, J. Mol. Biol. 291:1119-1128, Ohage et al., 1999, J. Mol. Biol. 291:1129-1134; Wirtz and Steipe, 1999, Protein Sci. 8:2245-2250; Zhu et al., 1999, J. Immunol. Methods 231:207-222; Arafat et al., 2000, Cancer Gene Ther. 7:1250-6: der Maur et al., 2002, J. Biol Chem. 277:45075-85; Mhashilkar et al., 2002, Gene Ther. 9:307-19; and Wheeler et al., 2003. FASEB J. 17: 1733-5; and references cited therein). In particular, a CCR5 intrabody has been produced by Stemberger et al., 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:805-810). See generally Marasco, Wash., 1998, “Intrabodies: Basic Research and Clinical Gene Therapy Applications” Springer; New York; and for a review of scFN s, see Pluckthun in “The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies,” 1994, vol. 113. Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315.
Sequences from donor antibodies may be used to develop intrabodies. Intrabodies are often recombinantly expressed as single domain fragments such as isolated VH and VL domains or as a single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody within the cell. For example, intrabodies are often expressed as a single polypeptide to form a single chain antibody comprising the variable domains of the heavy and light chains joined by a flexible linker polypeptide. Intrabodies typically lack disulfide bonds and are capable of modulating the expression or activity of target genes through their specific binding activity. Single chain antibodies can also be expressed as a single chain variable region fragment joined to the light chain constant region.
As is known in the art, an intrabody can be engineered into recombinant polynucleotide vectors to encode sub-cellular trafficking signals at its N or C terminus to allow expression at high concentrations in the sub-cellular compartments where a target protein is located. For example, intrabodies targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are engineered to incorporate a leader peptide and, optionally, a C-terminal ER retention signal, such as the KDEL amino acid motif (SEQ ID NO: 4323). Intrabodies intended to exert activity in the nucleus are engineered to include a nuclear localization signal Lipid moieties are joined to intrabodies in order to tether the intrabody to the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane. Intrabodies can also be targeted to exert function in the cytosol. For example, cytosolic intrabodies are used to sequester factors within the cytosol, thereby preventing them from being transported to their natural cellular destination.
There are certain technical challenges with intrabody expression. In particular, protein conformational folding and structural stability of the newly-synthesized intrabody within the cell is affected by reducing conditions of the intracellular environment.
Intrabodies of the invention may be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of misfolding diseases, including Tauopathies, prion diseases, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, because of their virtually infinite ability to specifically recognize the different conformations of a protein, including pathological isoforms, and because they can be targeted to the potential sites of aggregation (both intra- and extracellular sites). These molecules can work as neutralizing agents against amyloidogenic proteins by preventing their aggregation, and/or as molecular shunters of intracellular traffic by rerouting the protein from its potential aggregation site (Cardinale, and Biocca, Curr. Mol. Med. 2008, 8:2-11).
In one embodiment, the payloads of the invention encode a maxibody (bivalent scFV fused to the amino terminus of the Fc (CH2-CH3 domains) of IgG.
In some embodiments, the polypeptides encoded by the viral genomes of the invention (e.g., antibodies) may be used to generate chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) as described by BIOATLA® in International Publications WO2016033331 and WO2016036916, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. As used herein, a “chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)” refers to an artificial chimeric protein comprising at least one antigen specific targeting region (ASTR), w herein the antigen specific targeting region comprises a full-length antibody or a fragment thereof that specifically binds to a target antigen. The ASTR may comprise any of the following: a full length heavy or light chain, an Fab fragment, a single chain Fv fragment, a divalent single chain antibody, or a diabody. As a non-limiting example the ASTR of a CAR may be any of the antibodies listed in Table 3, antibody-based compositions or fragments thereof. Any molecule that is capable of binding a target antigen with high affinity can be used in the ASTR of a CAR. In one embodiment, the CAR may have more than one ASTR. These ASTRs may target two or more antigens or two or more epitopes of the same antigen. In one embodiment, the CAR is conditionally active. In one embodiment, the CAR is used to produce a genetically engineered cytotoxic cell carrying the CAR and capable of targeting the antigen bound by the ASTR.
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are particularly useful in the treatment of cancers, though also therapeutically effective in treatment of a wide variety of other diseases and disorders. Non-limiting examples of disease categories that may be treated with CARs or CAR-based therapeutics include autoimmune disorders, B-cell mediated diseases, inflammatory diseases, neuronal disorders, cardiovascular disease and circulatory disorders, or infectious diseases. Not wishing to be bound by theory. CARs traditionally work by targeting antigens presented on the surface of or on the inside of cells to be destroyed e.g., cancer tumor cells, by the cytotoxic cell of the CAR.
In some embodiments, the AAV particles may comprise nucleic acids which have been engineered to express of antibodies that selectively bind to surface marker proteins of senescent cells. For example, the antibodies may selectively bind to proteins that are in misfolded conformation. The binding antibodies may reduce the number of senescent cells and be used to treat age-related conditions, such as, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, emphysema, sarcopenia, and tumorigenesis as well as conditions more cosmetic in nature such as signs of skin aging including wrinkling, sagging, discoloration, age-related tissue dysfunction, tumor formation, and other age-related conditions.
In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies binding to epitopes of senescent cell surface proteins may be, but are not limited to, such as prion epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 1-14 of International Publication No. WO2014186878; CD44 epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 47-51 of International Publication No. WO2014186878, TNFR epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 52-56 of International Publication No. WO2014186878: NOTCH1 epitope presented by SEQ ID NO: 57-61 of International Publication No. WO2014186878; FasR epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 62-66 of International Publication No. WO2014186878; epidermal growth factor epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 67-81 of International Publication No. WO2014186878; CD38 epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 82-86 of International Publication No. WO2014186878, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may comprise peptides binding to senescent cell surface prion proteins, such as, but not limited to, those presented by SEQ ID NO: 15-36 of International Publication No. WO2014186878, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the expressed antibody may be AMF-3a-118 or AMF 3d-19 (SEQ ID NO: 89-92 and 103-106 of International publication WO2014186878, respectively, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) targeting senescent cell surface protein FasR. In one embodiment, the expressed antibody may be Ab c-120 (SEQ ID NO: 37-40 of International publication WO2014186878, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) targeting senescent cell surface protein PrP.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding one or more of the payload antibody polypeptides listed in Table 3.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises one or more nucleic acid sequences listed in Table 3 or Table 4.
In some embodiments, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a payload antibody with at least 50% identity to one or more payload antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4. The encoded antibody polypeptide may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to one or more of the payload antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the full sequence of the encoded antibody polypeptide may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to one or more of the payload antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the variable region sequence(s) of the encoded antibody polypeptide may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to one or more of the payload antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the heavy chain of the encoded antibody poly peptide may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to one or more of the payload heavy chain antibody poly peptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the light chain of the encoded antibody polypeptide may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to one or more of the payload light chain antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the CDR region of the encoded antibody polypeptide may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%0, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%0, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to the CDRs of one or more of the payload antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 90% identity to one or more of the antibody pol peptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 91% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 92% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 93% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 94% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 95% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 96% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 97% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 98% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 99% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload antibody has 100% identity to one or more of the antibody polypeptides listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In some embodiments, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 50% identity to one or more nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4. The payload nucleic acid sequence may have 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%. 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to one or more nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 90% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 91% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 92% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 93% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 94% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 95% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 96% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 97% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 98% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 99% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload nucleic acid sequence has 100% identity to one or more of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Tables 3 or 4.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide which is an antibody, an antibody-based composition, or a fragment thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antibody may be one or more of the polypeptides listed in Table 3. As another non-limiting example, the antibody may be one or more of the heavy chain sequences listed in Table 3 As a non-limiting example, the antibody may be one or more of the light chain sequences listed in Table 3.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain sequence listed in Table 3. The payload region may also comprise a linker between the heavy and light chain sequences. The linker may be a sequence known in the art or described in Table 2.
In one embodiment, the payload region of the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising a heavy chain and a light chain sequence listed in Table 3, where the heavy chain sequence is from a different antibody than the light chain sequence. The payload region may also comprise a linker between the heavy and light chain sequences. The linker may be a sequence known in the art or described in Table 2.
In one embodiment, the payload region comprises, in the 5′ to 3′ direction, an antibody light chain sequence, a linker and a heavy chain sequence.
In one embodiment, the payload region comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding, in the 5′ to 3′ direction, an antibody light chain sequence from Table 3, a linker from Table 2 and a heavy chain sequence from Table 3. Non-limiting examples are included in Table 4.
In one embodiment, the payload region comprises, in the 5′ to 3′ direction, an antibody heavy chain sequence, a linker and a light chain sequence.
In one embodiment, the payload region comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding, in the 5′ to 3′ direction, an antibody heavy chain sequence from Table 3, a linker from Table 2, and a light chain sequence from Table 3. Non-limiting examples are included in Table 4.
In one embodiment, the payload region comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a single heavy chain. As a non-limiting example, the heavy chain is an amino acid sequence or fragment thereof described in Table 3.
Shown in Table 3 are a listing of antibodies and their polynucleotides and/or polypeptides sequences. These sequences may be encoded by or included in the AAV particles of the present invention. Variants or fragments of the antibody sequences described in Table 3 may be utilized in the AAV particles of the present invention.
In some embodiments, the AAV particles may comprise codon-optimized versions of the nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides listed in Table 3. In some cases, the payload region of the AAV particles of the invention may encode one or more isoforms or variants of these heavy and light chain antibody domains. Such variants may be humanized or optimized antibody domains comprising one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from the heavy and light chains listed in Table 3 CDRs of the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% identical to CDRs listed in or incorporated in the sequences of Table 3. Methods of determining CDRs are well known in the art and are described herein. Payload regions may encode antibody variants with one or more heavy chain variable domain (VH) or light chain variable domain (VL) derived from the antibody sequences in Table 3. In some cases, such variants may include bispecific antibodies. Bispecific antibodies encoded by payload regions of the invention may comprise variable domain pairs from two different antibodies.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may comprise a heavy and a light chain of an antibody described herein and two promoters. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may comprise a nucleic acid sequence of a genome as described in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 of US Patent Publication No. US20030219733, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may be a dual-promoter AAV for antibody expression as described by Lewis et al. (J. of. Virology, September 2002, Vol. 76(17), p 8769-8775; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).
Payload regions of the viral genomes of the invention may encode any anti-tau antibodies, or tau-associated antibodies, not limited to those described in Table 3, including antibodies that are known in the art and/or antibodies that are commercially available. This may include fragments of such antibodies or antibodies that have been developed to comprise one or more of such fragments [e.g., variable domains or complementarity determining regions (CDRs)]. Anti-tau antibodies that may be encoded by payloads of the invention include, but are not limited to, AT8 (pSer202/pThr202; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.: described in International Publication No. WO1995017429, the contents of which are herein incorporated in their entirety). AT100 (pSer212/pSer214; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.: described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,003, the contents of which are herein incorporated in their entirety), AT180 (pThr231; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.: described in International Publication No. WO1995017429, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), MC-1 (Tau2-18/312-342 conformational antibody; as described in International Publication WO199620218, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), MC-6 (pSer235; described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,310, the contents of which are herein incorporated in their entirety), TG-3 (pThr231; described in Jicha, G A et al., 1997 J Neurochem 69(5):2087-95, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety); CP13 (pSer202), CP27 (human Tau130-150), Tau12 (human Tau9-18; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), TG5 (Tau220-242; described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,310), DA9 (Tau102-140; described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,310), PHF-1 (pSer396/pSer414; described in International Publication WO199620218), Alz50 (Tau2-9 and Tau312-342 conformational epitope; described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,310 and Carmel, G et al 1996 J Biol Chem 271(51):32780-32795 and Jicha, G A et al. 1997 J Neurosci Res 48(2):128-132, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), Tau-1 (de-phosphorylated Ser195/Ser198/Ser199/Ser202; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), Tau46 (Tau404-441; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), pS199 (ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), pT205, pS396 (ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.; described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,647,631, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), pS404 (ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.; described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,647,631, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), pS422 (ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), A0024 (hTau243-441; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), HT7 (hTau159-163; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), Tau2 (hTau52-68; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), AD2 (pSer396/pSer404; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.), AT120 (hTau216-224; described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,779, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), AT270 (pThr181; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), 12E8 (pSer262 and/or Ser356), K9JA (hTau243-443; Dako, Caprinteria, Calif.), TauC3 (hTau Asp441; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Tex.; described in United States Patent Publication US20120244174 and Gamblin, T C et al 2003 PNAS 100(17):10032-7, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), 4E6G7 (pSer396/pSer404; described in United States Patent Publication No. US2010316564 and Congdon, E. E. et al., 2016. Molecular Neurodegeneration August 30; 11(1):62, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), 6B2 and variants thereof, described in International Patent Publication WO2016007414, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, RZ3 (pThr231), PG5 (pSer409), BT2 (pS199/202), DA31 (Tau150-190), CP9 (pThr231) Ta1505 (phospho site between Tau410-421, particularly pSer413 as described in United States Patent Publication US20150183854 and Umeda, T. et al., 2015. Ann Clin Trans Neurol 2(3): 241-255, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), PHF-6 (pThr231, as described in Hoffman R et al., 1997. Biochemistry 36:8114-8124, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), PHF-13 (pSer396, as described in Hoffman R et al., 1997. Biochemistry 36:8114-8124), 16B5 (Tau25-46, as described in United States Publication US20160031976, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), DC8E8 (as described in United States Patent Publication US20150050215, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), PT1 or PT3 (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,371,376, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), 4G11 (Tau57-64, as described in International Publication WO2016137950, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), 1A6 (Tau7-17 and Tau215-220, as described in International Publication WO2016137950), Tau15 or Tau81 (as described in International Publication WO2016055941, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), TOC-1 (dimerized or aggregated tau, as described in International Publication WO2012149365, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), pS404IgG2a/k (Neotope Biosciences, South San Francisco, Calif.; as described in Ittner et al., 2015. Neurochemistry 132:135-145, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), TOMA (tau oligomer monoclonal antibody; as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,778,343 and 9,125,846, International Publications WO2012051498 and WO2011026031, or United States Publication Nos. US20150004169 and US20150322143, and Castillo-Carranza, D L et al., 2014 J Neurosci 34(12)4260-72, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), TTC-99 (oligomeric tau), BMS-986168 (as described in United States Patent Publication US2014294831, International Publication WO2015081085 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,980,271, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), 3H3 (pan-amyloid epitope: described in Levites, Y et al 2015 J Neurosci 35(16)6265-76, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), cis-pT231 (described in International Publications WO2012149334 and WO2011056561, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), CP-3 (pSer214; described in Jicha et al 1999 J Neurosci 19(17):7486-94, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), TNT1 (Tau2-18; as described in United States Patent Publication 20160031978, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), Tau-nY29 (nTyr29; described in Reynolds M R, et al., 2006 J Neurosci 26(42):10636-45, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), Tau-nY197 (nTyr197; described in Reyes, J F et al., 2012 Acta Neuropathol 123(1): 119-32, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), Tau-nY394 (nTyr394; described in Reyes, J F et al 2012), 4E4 (Tau337-343 Tau387-397; described in International Publication WO2012049570 and United States Patent Publication US20150252102, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), ADx210 (described in United States Patent Publication US20140161875, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), ADx215 (descnbed in United States Patent Publication US20140161875), ADx202 (as described in International Publication WO2015004163, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), AP422 (pSer422; described in Hasegawa, M et al 1996 FEBS Lett 384.25-30, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), Tau5 (Tau210-241), RTA2 (Tau273-283), RTAC (Tau426-441), RTA1 (Tau257-274), T46 (Tau395-432), T49, MIGT4. O.BG 15, 525, 3-39, 4F1, MapTau (Tau95-108; SMI Covance), T1, HYB33801 (Tau5-12), Tau13 (Tau2-18), B11E8, 5J20 (14-3-3 tau), DC25 (Tau347-353), DC39N1 (Tau45-73), DC-11 (Tau321-391; described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,746,180, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), DC39 (Tau401-411), DC4R, n847 (nitrated tau), SPM452, TI4, 1E1/A6 (Tau275-291), 5E2, 8E6/C11 (Tau209-224), 2E12 (pT231), NFT200, 248E5 (Tau3-214), IG2 (Thr175, Thr181, Thr231; as described in International Publication WO2016041553, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), YP3 (as described in WO2007019273, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), YP4 (as described in WO2007019273) and 14-3-3 Tau (pSer 14-3-3 binding motif; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.). Further, anti-tau antibodies may be any of those listed in the antibody section of Alzforum.org or at the Antibody Resource Page.com, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Further, anti-tau antibodies may be any commercially available anti-tau antibody. Additional antibodies may include any of those taught in Petry, F R. et al., 2014. PLoS One 9(5): e94251, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one example, such antibodies may include any of those described in Jicha, G. A. et al., 1997. Journal of Neuroscience Research 48.128-132, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. One such antibody, MC-1, recognizes distinct conformations of tau that are associated with neurological disease.
In some embodiments, payloads may encode anti-tau antibodies (or fragments thereof) taught in United States Publication No US2014294831, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such antibodies may include IPN001 and/or IPN002 antibodies or fragments of such antibodies. In some cases, variable domains of IPN002 as presented in FIGS. 2A and 2B of US2014294831 may be used (e.g., incorporated into another antibody). In some cases, CDR regions of IPN002 as underlined in FIGS. 2A and 2B may be used (e.g., incorporated into another antibody or used to prepare humanized versions of IPN002). In some cases, anti-tau antibodies may include am of the IPN001 or IPN002 antibody variants taught in US2014294831 (e.g., in FIGS. 9-16 of that publication). In one embodiment, this antibody is also referred to as BMS-986168.
In some cases, payloads may encode anti-tau antibodies (or fragments thereof) taught in Otvos, L. et al., 1994. J Neurosci. Res 39(6):669-73, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety Such antibodies may include monoclonal antibody PHF-1 or fragments thereof. The PHF-1 antibody binds to tau paired helical filaments, a pathological conformation of tau, found in certain neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Further, antibody affinity is increased when either serine 396 or serine 404 of tau is phosphorylated and even further increased when both are phosphorylated.
In some embodiments, payloads may encode anti-tau antibodies (or fragments thereof) taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,310, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such embodiments may include monoclonal antibodies PHF-1 or MC-1 or fragments thereof. MC-1 is a conformational antibody binding to the epitopes presented in Jicha. G. A., et al., 1997. J Neurosci Res 48(128-132).
In some embodiments, payloads may encode anti-tau antibodies (or fragments thereof) taught in International Publication Number WO2015035190, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such embodiments may include, but are not limited to, antibodies PHF-1 or MC-1 or fragments thereof. Viral genomes of the AAV particles of the present invention may comprise or encode any of SEQ ID NO: 1-6 of WO2015035190.
Anti-tau antibodies (or fragments thereof) encoded by viral genomes of the invention may include antibodies that bind to one or more of the epitopes presented in Otvos, L. et al., 1994. J Neurosci Res 39(6): 669-73 (e.g., any of those presented in Table 1 of that publication).
In some embodiments, payloads may encode anti-tau antibodies (or fragments thereof) taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,746,180, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such embodiments may include antibody DC-11 or fragments thereof.
In some embodiments, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target any of the antigenic regions or epitopes described in United States Patent Publication No US2008050383 or US20100316564, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody targets pS396/pS404. Such embodiments may include antibody 4E6 and/or variants or fragments thereof. The affinity of antibody 4E6 for soluble PHF and its ability to reduce soluble phospho tau has been described in Congdon. E. E. et al., 2016. Molecular Neurodegeneration August 30; 11(1):62, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target any of the antigenic regions or epitopes described in International Patent Publication WO1998022120, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may be PHF-6 (pT231), or fragments or variants thereof. In another embodiment, the antibody may be PHF-13 (pS396), or a fragment of variant thereof. These antibodies are further described in Hoffman et al., 1997. Biochemistry 36: 8114-8124, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target any of the antigenic regions or epitopes described in International Publication WO2016126993, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The antibodies may be derived from any of the tau epitopes described in Table A of WO2016126993. In one embodiment, the antibody of the present invention may comprise any of the sequences listed in Table B or Table 1 of WO2016126993.
In some embodiments, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target any of the antigenic regions or epitopes described in United States Patent Publication US20120244174, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may bind to caspase-cleaved tau. In one embodiment, the epitope for antibodies targeting caspase cleaved tau is aspartic acid 421. In another embodiment, the epitope for antibodies targeting caspase cleaved tau may be the C-terminus after glutamic residue Glu391. In yet another embodiment, the epitope for antibodies targeting caspase cleaved tau may be at the N-terminus at aspartic acid residue 13. In another embodiment, the antibody may be TauC3.
In some embodiments, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target any of the antigenic regions or epitopes described in United States Patent Publication US20160031978, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may bind to tau N-terminal residues associated with the PP1/GSK3 signaling cascade. In one embodiment, the antibody may be TNT1.
In some embodiments, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those described in d'Abramo, C et al., 2015. PLOS One 10(8):e0135774, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may be CP13 (pS202), or a fragment or variant thereof. In another embodiment, the antibody may be RZ3 (pT231), or a fragment or variant thereof. In another embodiment, the antibody may be PG5 (pS409), or a fragment or variant thereof.
Anti-tau antibodies or fragments thereof encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target tau in any antigenic form. As non-limiting examples, antigenic tau may be an unphosphorylated or unmodified tau protein, a phosphorylated or otherwise post-translationally modified tau protein (O-GlnAcylated, or nitrosylated), an oligomeric species of tau protein, a soluble species of tau protein, an insoluble species of tau protein, a conformationally abnormal species of tau protein, a neuropathological form of tau protein and/or a neurofibrillary tangle or a precursor thereof.
Anti-tau antibodies or fragments thereof encoded by the viral genomes of the invention, may target any antigenic region or epitope along the full length of any of the six human tau protein isoforms. As non-limiting examples, the targeted antigenic peptides of the tau protein may be any of the following phosphorylated sites pT50, pS396, pS396-pS404, pS404, pS396-pS404-pS422, pS409, pS413, pS422, pS198, pS199, pS199-pS202, pS202, pT205, pT212, pS214, pT212-pS214, pT181, pT231, cis-pT231, pS235, pS238, pT245, pS262, pY310, pY394, pS324, pS356, pTau177-187, pY18, pS610, pS622, nitrosylated tau (nY18, nY29), methylated tau (di-meK281, dimeK311), O-GlnAcylated tau at S400, any of the following acetylated sites acK174, acK274, acK280, acK281 and/or any combination thereof. Acetylated tau proteins and associated antigenic peptides are described in Min et al., 2010. Neuron., 67, 953-966. Min et al., 2015, Nature Medicine, 10, 1154-1162. Cohen et al., 2011. Nature Communications, 2, 252. Gorsky et al., 2016. Scientific Report, 6, 22685. Tracy et al., 2016. Neuron, 90, 245-260, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Phosphorylated tau proteins and associated antigenic peptides are described in Asuni et al., 2007, J Neurosci., 27, 9115-9129, Boutajangout et al., 2010, J Neurosci., 30, 16559-16566. Boutaangout et al., 2011, J Neurochem., 118, 658-667, Chai et al., 2011. J Biol Chem., 286, 34457-34467, Gu et al., 2011, J Biol Chem., 288, 33081-33095, Sankaranarayanan et al., 2015. PloS One, 10, e0125614. Ittner et al., 2015, J Neurochem., 132, 135-145, D'Abramo et al., 2016. Neurobiol Aging, 37, 58-65, Collin et al., 2014, Brain, 137, 2834-2846, Kondo et al., 2015. Nature, 523, 431436, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the antibody encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be a pS409 targeting antibody as described in Lee et al., 2016, Cell Reports, 16, 1690-1700, or International Patent Publication WO2013151762, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, this antibody may be RG6100 or R071057 or variants or fragments thereof.
In one embodiment, the antibody encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be a pS413 targeting antibody as described in Umeda et al., 2015, Ann Clin Trans Neurol., 2(3), 241-255 or International Patent Publication WO2013180238, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody is Ta1505 or variants or fragments thereof.
In one embodiment, the antibody encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may target a tau epitope with amino acid residues 210-275, more specifically pS238 and/or pT245, as described in International Publication WO2011053565, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the CDRs of an antibody encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those listed in or incorporated in the antibody sequences of Table 3. In one embodiment, the CDRs may be any of those described in International Publication WO2015122922, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, a CDR may be any of those chosen from the group of SEQ ID NO: 41, 49, or 57 of WO2015122922 Further a CDR of an antibody encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may have 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 41, 49, or 57 of WO2015122922.
In one embodiment, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those described in International Publication WO2016097315, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may have an amino acid sequence as shown by SEQ ID NO: 2, 11, 20, 29, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92, 101, 110, 119, 128, 137, 146, 155, 164, 173, 182, 191, 209, 218, 226, or 227 of WO2016097315.
In one embodiment, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be a multispecific blood brain barrier receptor antibody that also targets tau, as described in International Publication WO2016094566, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may have a sequence as shown by SEQ ID NO; 1, 2, 17, 18, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 66, 81, 82, 9-16, 25-32, 41-48, 57-64, 73-80, 89-96 of WO2016094566.
In some embodiments, the antibodies (or fragments thereof) encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,778,343 and 9,125,846, International Publications WO2012051498 and WO2011026031, or United States Publication Nos. US20150004169 and US20150322143, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such antibodies may include those that bind to oligomeric species of tau. Further, such an antibody may be referred to as TOMA (tau oligomer monoclonal antibody), as described in Castillo-Carranza et at (Castillo-Carranza, D L et al., 2014 J Neurosci 34(12)4260-72) the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody that binds oligomeric tau may be TTC-99.
In some embodiments, the antibodies (or fragments thereof) encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those taught in International Publications WO2014059442, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such antibodies may include those that bind to oligomeric species of tau.
In some embodiments, the antibodies (or fragments thereof) encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those taught in the International Publications WO2014008404 and WO2016126993, United States Patent Publication US20150183855, Yanamandra, K et al., 2013 Neuron 80(2).402-14 and Yanamandra, K et al 2015 Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2(3):278-88, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such antibodies may block tau seeding Non-limiting examples of antibodies described in these publications include HJ8.1.1, HJ8.1.2, HJ8.2, HJ8.3, HJ8.4, HJ8.5, HJ8.7, HJ8.8, HJ9.1, HJ9.2, HJ9.3. HJ9.4, HJ9.5, and variants thereof. Non-limiting examples of targeted epitopes of tau may include amino acids 22-34, 385-391, 405-411, 3-6, 118-122, 386-401, 7-13, and/or 272-281 of human tau.
In some embodiments, the antibodies (or fragments thereof) encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any of those taught in the International Publications WO2002062851, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, the antibodies (or fragments thereof) encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be as described in Bright, J et al., 2015 Neurobiol of Aging 36:693-709; Pedersen, J T and Sigurdsson E M, 2015 Trends Mol Med 21(6):394-402; Levites, Y et al 2015 J Neurosci 35(16)6265-76: Jicha et al 1999 J Neurosci 19(17):7486-94; Reyes J F et al., 2012 Acta Neuropathol 123(1):119-32: Reynolds M R. et al., 2006 J Neurosci 26(42) 10636-45: Gamblin, T C et al 2003 PNAS 100(17):10032-7: Castillo-Carranza. D L et al., 2014 J Neurosci 34(12)4260-72: Walls. K C et al., 2014 Neurosci Lett 575:96-100: Yanamandra, K et al., 2013 Neuron 80(2):402-14: Yanamandra. K et al 2015 Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2(3):278-88; Allen B. et al., 2002 J Neurosci 22(21):9340-51; Gotz, J et al., 2010 Biochem Biophys Acta 802(10):860-71; Hasegawa, M et al 1996 FEBS Lett 384:25-30; Carmel, G et al 1996 J Biol Chem 271(51):32780-32795, Jicha, G A et al, 1997 J Neurosci Res 48(2):128-132; Jicha, G A et al., 1997 J Neurochem 69(5).2087-95, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Anti-tau antibodies or fragments thereof encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be any commercially available anti-tau antibody known in the art or developed by a person with skill in the art. Non-limiting examples of commercially available anti-tau antibodies include EPR2396(2) (pThr50; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 5H911 (pThr181; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), M7004D06 (pThr181; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.), 1E7 (pThr181; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), EPR2400 (pSer198; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2401Y (pSer199; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 2H23L4 (pSer199; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), EPR2402 (pSer202; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 10F8 (pSer202; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2403(2) (pThr205; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR1884(2) (pSer214; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2488 (pThr231; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 1H6L6 (pThr231; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), 3G3 (pThr231, pSer235; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2452 (pSer235; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 12G10 (pSer238; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2454 (pSer262, Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2457(2) (pSer324; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2603 (pSer356; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2731 (pSer396; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2605 (pSer404; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EPR2866 (pSer422; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 1A4 (pTau177-187; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 7G9 (pTau177-187; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 9B4 (pTau177-187, Origene, Rockville, Md.), 2A4 (pTau177-187; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 9G3 (pTyr18; NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.). EPR2455(2) (pSer610; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), EP2456Y (pSer622; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), SMI 51 (PHF Tau95-108; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.). TOMA-1 (Oligomeric Tau, EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), Tau-nY18 (nTyr18; Origene, Rockville, Md.; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), Tau-nY29 (nTyr29; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), 1C9.G6 (di-methyl-Lys281; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.), 7G5.F4 (di-methyl-Lys311; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.), TNT-1 (Tau2-18; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), TNT-2 (Tau2-18; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), 7B8 (Tau5-12; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), Tau-13 (Tau20-35; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.), 1-100 (Tau1-100; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.), 2G9.F10 (Tau157-168; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif. Origene, Rockville, Md.), 39E10 (Tau189-195; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 77E9 (Tau185-195; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif., Origene, Rockville, Md.), AT8 (pSer202, pSer205; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), AT100 (pSer212, pSer214; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), PHF-6 (pThr231; NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), AT180 (pThr231; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), AT270 (pThr181; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), PHF-13 (pSer396; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.), TauC3 (Asp421; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), Tau12 (Tau6-8; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), Tau5 (Tau210-241; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.; Abcam, Cambridge Mass.; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), HT7 (Tau159-163; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), 77G7 (Tau316-355; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.). Tau46 (Tau404-441; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), UMAB239 (Tau623-758; Origene, Rockville, Md.), OTI6G3 (Tau623-758; Origene, Rockville, Md.), OTI13E11 (Tau623-758; Origene, Rockville, Md.), OTI13B5 (Tau623-758; Origene, Rockville, Md.), E178 (Tau700-800; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), SP70 (N-terminal Tau; Origene, Rockville, Md.; NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.; Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.), C45 (N-terminal Tau; Origene, Rockville, Md.). Tau7 (C-terminal Tau; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), S.125.0 (C-terminal Tau; ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), 8E6/C11 (Three-repeat Tau209-224; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), 1E1/A6 (Four-repeat Tau275-291; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), 7D12.1 (Four-repeat Tau275-291; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), 5C7 (Four-repeat Tau267-278; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 5F9 (Four-repeat Tau275-291; BioLegend. San Diego, Calif.; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 3H6.H7 (0N Tau39-50; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; Origene, Rockville, Md.), 4H5.B9 (1N Tau68-79; BioLegend, San Diego, Calif.; Origene, Rockville. Md.), 71C11 (2N Tau:BioLegend. San Diego, Calif.), PC1C6 (unphosphorylated tau; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), Tau2 (BioLegend. San Diego, Calif.; Origene, Rockville, Md.; EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), 2E9 (Origene, Rockville, Md.; NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.), 4F1 (Origene, Rockville, Md. NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.), 5B10 (NovusBio, Littleton, Colo.); 5E2 (EMD Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), Tau-93 (Origene, Rockville, Md.), T14 (ThermoFisher. Waltham, Mass.), T46 (ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.), BT2 (ThermoFisher, Waltham, Mass.) and/or variants or derivates thereof.
In one embodiment, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention may be multispecific antibodies for transferrin receptor and a brain antigen, wherein the brain antigen may be tau, as described in International Publication WO2016081643, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody may have a sequence as given by SEQ ID NO: 160 or 161 of WO2016081643.
In one embodiment, the antibodies encoded by the viral genomes of the present invention are any of those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,871,447, 8,420,613, International Publication No. WO2014193935, WO2010011999, or in United States Publication Nos. US20110250217, US20110020237, US20100316590, or US20120225864, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the antibody recognizes an amyloidogenic or aggregating protein.
In one embodiment, the viral genomes of the AAV particles may comprise nucleic acids which have been engineered to enable expression of antibodies binding to disease-specific epitopes of proteins. Such antibodies may be used to diagnose, prevent, and/or treat the corresponding medical conditions by targeting epitopes of the protein presented by or accessible on native or non-native forms (e.g., misfolded forms of native proteins) of the target. Such epitopes may be specific to diseases involved with misfolding of a protein due to pathologic condition and resulting in misfolded aggregates. The disease-specific proteins are considered to be toxic to neurons and to have a role in neuronal cell death and dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease, dementia by Lewy body (DLB), and prion diseases, e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Schenker syndrome (GSS), kuru, and fatal familial insomnia (FFI).
In one embodiment, the encoded disease-specific epitopes may include epitopes on SOD1 that are revealed as SOD1 (Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]) dissociates from its homodimeric, normal state. The SOD epitopes may be selectively presented or accessible in non-native SOD1 forms including misfolded SOD1 monomer, misfolded SOD1 dimer, and the epitopes selectively presented or accessible in SOD1 aggregates. Such epitopes may be specific to neurodegenerative diseases including, but not limited to, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Lewy body diseases (LBD).
In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may bind to epitopes presented by or accessible on non-native forms of SOD1, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,977,314 (the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), or presented by or accessible on monomeric forms of SOD1, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,977,314, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may comprise isolated peptides corresponding to such epitopes, such as those presented in SEQ ID NO: 1-8 or SEQ ID NO: 8-16, or epitopes presented by SEQ ID NO: 34-63, 65-79 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,977,314, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the encoded disease-specific epitopes may be specific to diseases associated with prion protein (PrP); familial amyloid polyneuropathy or senile systemic amyloidosis or a disease related by the presence of misfolded transthyretine (TTR); renal accumulation of β2 microglobulin am loid deposits or a disease related by the presence of misfolded β2 microglobulin, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or a disease related by the presence of misfolded SOD1, leukemias or myelomas or a disease related by the presence of misfolded cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38); colon cancer metastasis and or a disease related by the presence of misfolded cluster of differentiation (CD44); tumors associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR); cancers including cervical, head and neck, endometrial, lung and breast carcinomas, pleural mesotheliomas, malignant melanomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, or a disease related by the presence of misfolded Notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1) e.g. acute myeloid leukemias and B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemias; cancer in which Fas receptor (FasR) is implicated; cancers and related disorders in which misfolded epidermal growth factor (EGFR) is implicated; and/or other related diseases, disorders and conditions.
In one embodiment, the encoded disease specific epitopes may include epitopes that are revealed as the proteins misfold. In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may bind to predicted epitopes of human PrP, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 1-10 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176, bovine PrP, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 11-15 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176, TTR, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 16-22 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176; beta-2 microglobulin, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 23-26 of US Patent Publication No US20100233176; SOD1, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 27-40 of US Patent Publication No US20100233176; CD38, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 41-45 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176; CD44, such as those presented by 46-50 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176; TNFR, such as those presented by 51-55 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176, notch protein, such as those presented in SEQ ID NO: 56-60 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176: FasR, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 61-65 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176; and EGFR, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 66-80 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may comprise peptides corresponding to such epitopes. In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may comprise prion-specific peptides, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 81-88 of US Patent Publication No. US20100233176, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, and variations thereof.
In one embodiment, the encoded disease-specific epitopes may be specific to prion diseases, including transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or other prion diseases. In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may bind to predicted epitopes of PrP, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 39-43, of US Patent Publication No. US20150004185, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may comprise prion-specific peptides or peptide fusions, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 12-23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 43, and 44-48 of US Patent Publication No. US20150004185, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the expressed antibodies may comprise prion peptides binding to prion specific abnormal isoform of the prion protein, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 2-10 of US Patent Publication No. US20040072236, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the viral genomes of the AAV particles may comprise nucleic acids which have been engineered to express innate defense regulator (IDR) peptides. IDRs are immunomodulatory peptides that act directly on cells to affect an innate immune response. Such IDRs may be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation, e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal muscular atrophy, and multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. In one embodiment, IDRs may be those presented by SEQ ID NO: 1-969, and 973-1264 of International Publication No. WO2013034982, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, or analogs, derivatives, amidated variations and conservative variations thereof.
In one embodiment, the viral genomes of the AAV particles may comprise nucleic acids which have been engineered to express antibodies binding to an epitope of the Tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkC) receptor. Such antibodies may comprise a peptide, such as one presented by SEQ ID NO: 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,200,080, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, the viral genomes of the AAV particles may comprise nucleic acids which have been engineered to express cyclic peptides with an amino acid sequence SNK. Non-limiting examples of other cyclic peptides include SEQ ID NO: 1-7 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,216,217, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The method of preparing the antibodies may include hyperimmune preparation method, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,216,217, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the viral genomes of the AAV particles may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding antibodies comprising prion peptides comprising prion epitopes, and fusions and repeats thereof, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 8-32, 35, and 36 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,056,918, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the viral genomes of the AAV particles may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding prion binding proteins (PrPBP). In one embodiment, the PrPBPs are cadherins, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and 2 of International Publication WO1997/045746, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the PrPBPs are cadherins, such as those presented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and 7-9 of International Publication No. WO2001000235, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Antibodies encoded by payload regions of the viral genomes of the invention may be translated as a whole polypeptide, a plurality of polypeptides or fragments of polypeptides, which independently may be encoded by one or more nucleic acids, fragments of nucleic acids or variants of any of the aforementioned. As used herein, “polypeptide” means a polymer of amino acid residues (natural or unnatural) linked together most often by peptide bonds. The term, as used herein, refers to proteins, polypeptides, and peptides of any size, structure, or function. In some instances, the polypeptide encoded is smaller than about 50 amino acids and the polypeptide is then termed a peptide. If the poly peptide is a peptide, it will be at least about 2, 3, 4, or at least 5 amino acid residues long. Thus, polypeptides include gene products, naturally occurring polypeptides, synthetic polypeptides, homologs, orthologs, paralogs, fragments and other equivalents, variants, and analogs of the foregoing. A polypeptide may be a single molecule or may be a multi-molecular complex such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer. They may also comprise single chain or multichain polypeptides and may be associated or linked. The term polypeptide may also apply to amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acid residues are an artificial chemical analogue of a corresponding naturally occurring amino acid.
The term “polypeptide variant” refers to molecules which differ in their amino acid sequence from a native or reference sequence. The amino acid sequence variants may possess substitutions, deletions, and/or insertions at certain positions within the amino acid sequence, as compared to a native or reference sequence. Ordinarily, variants will possess at least about 50% identity (homology) to a native or reference sequence, and preferably, they will be at least about 80%, more preferably at least about 90% identical (homologous) to a native or reference sequence.
In some embodiments “variant mimics” are provided. As used herein, the term “variant mimic” is one which contains one or more amino acids which would mimic an activated sequence. For example, glutamate may serve as a mimic for phosphoro-threonine and/or phosphoro-serine. Alternatively, variant mimics may result in deactivation or in an inactivated product containing the mimic. e.g., phenylalanine may act as an inactivating substitution for tyrosine; or alanine may act as an inactivating substitution for serine.
The term “amino acid sequence variant” refers to molecules with some differences in their amino acid sequences as compared to a native or starting sequence. The amino acid sequence variants may possess substitutions, deletions, and/or insertions at certain positions within the amino acid sequence. “Native” or “starting” sequence should not be confused with a wild type sequence. As used herein, a native or starting sequence is a relative term referring to an original molecule against which a comparison may be made. “Native” or “starting” sequences or molecules may represent the wild-type (that sequence found in nature) but do not have to be the wild-type sequence.
Ordinarily, variants will possess at least about 70% homology to a native sequence, and preferably, they will be at least about 80%, more preferably at least about 90% homologous to a native sequence. “Homology” as it applies to amino acid sequences is defined as the percentage of residues in the candidate amino acid sequence that are identical with the residues in the amino acid sequence of a second sequence after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent homology. Methods and computer programs for the alignment are well known in the art. It is understood that homology depends on a calculation of percent identity but may differ in value due to gaps and penalties introduced in the calculation.
By “homologs” as it applies to amino acid sequences is meant the corresponding sequence of other species having substantial identity to a second sequence of a second species.
“Analogs” is meant to include polypeptide variants which differ by one or more amino acid alterations, e.g., substitutions, additions, or deletions of amino acid residues that still maintain the properties of the parent poly peptide.
Sequence tags or amino acids, such as one or more lysines, can be added to the peptide sequences of the invention (e.g., at the N-terminal or C-terminal ends). Sequence tags can be used for peptide purification or localization. Lysines can be used to increase peptide solubility or to allow for biotinylation. Alternatively, amino acid residues located at the carboxy and amino terminal regions of the amino acid sequence of a peptide or protein may optionally be deleted providing for truncated sequences. Certain amino acids (e.g., C-terminal or N-terminal residues) may alternatively be deleted depending on the use of the sequence, as for example, expression of the sequence as part of a larger sequence which is soluble, or linked to a solid support.
“Substitutional variants” when referring to proteins are those that have at least one amino acid residue in a native or starting sequence removed and a different amino acid inserted in its place at the same position. The substitutions may be single, where only one amino acid in the molecule has been substituted, or they may be multiple, where two or more amino acids have been substituted in the same molecule.
As used herein the term “conservative amino acid substitution” refers to the substitution of an amino acid that is normally present in the sequence with a different amino acid of similar size, charge, or polarity. Examples of conservative substitutions include the substitution of a non-polar (hydrophobic) residue such as isoleucine, valine, and leucine for another non-polar residue. Likewise, examples of conservative substitutions include the substitution of one polar (hydrophilic) residue for another such as between arginine and lysine, between glutamine and asparagine, and between glycine and serine. Additionally, the substitution of a basic residue such as lysine, arginine, or histidine for another, or the substitution of one acidic residue such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid for another acidic residue are additional examples of conservative substitutions. Examples of non-conservative substitutions include the substitution of a non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acid residue such as isoleucine, valine, leucine, alanine, methionine for a polar (hydrophilic) residue such as cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid or lysine and/or a polar residue for a non-polar residue.
“Insertional variants” when referring to proteins are those with one or more amino acids inserted immediately adjacent to an amino acid at a particular position in a native or starting sequence. “Immediately adjacent” to an amino acid means connected to either the alpha-carboxy or alpha-amino functional group of the amino acid.
“Deletional variants” when referring to proteins, are those with one or more amino acids in the native or starting amino acid sequence removed. Ordinarily, deletional variants will have one or more amino acids deleted in a particular region of the molecule.
As used herein, the term “derivative” is used synonymously with the term “variant” and refers to a molecule that has been modified or changed in any way relative to a reference molecule or starting molecule. In some embodiments, derivatives include native or starting proteins that have been modified with an organic proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous derivatizing agent, and post-translational modifications. Covalent modifications are traditionally introduced by reacting targeted amino acid residues of the protein with an organic derivatizing agent that is capable of reacting with selected side-chains or terminal residues, or by harnessing mechanisms of post-translational modifications that function in selected recombinant host cells. The resultant covalent derivatives are useful in programs directed at identifying residues important for biological activity, for immunoassays, or for the preparation of anti-protein antibodies for immunoaffinity purification of the recombinant glycoprotein. Such modifications are within the ordinary skill in the art and are performed without undue experimentatio.
Certain post-translational modifications are the result of the action of recombinant host cells on the expressed polypeptide Glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues are frequently post-translationally deamidated to the corresponding glutamyl and aspartyl residues. Alternatively, these residues are deamidated under mildly acidic conditions. Either form of these residues may be present in the proteins used in accordance with the present invention.
Other post-translational modifications include hydroxylation of proline and lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or threonyl residues, methylation of the alpha-amino groups of lysine, arginine, and histidine side chains (T. E. Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco. pp. 79-86 (1983)).
“Features” when referring to proteins are defined as distinct amino acid sequence-based components of a molecule. Features of the proteins of the present invention include surface manifestations, local conformational shape, folds, loops, half-loops, domains, half-domains, sites, termini or any combination thereof.
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “surface manifestation” refers to a polypeptide based component of a protein appearing on an outermost surface.
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “local conformational shape” means a polypeptide based structural manifestation of a protein which is located within a definable space of the protein.
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “fold” means the resultant conformation of an amino acid sequence upon energy minimization. A fold may occur at the secondary or tertiary level of the folding process. Examples of secondary level folds include beta sheets and alpha helices. Examples of tertiary folds include domains and regions formed due to aggregation or separation of energetic forces. Regions formed in this way include hydrophobic and hydrophilic pockets, and the like.
As used herein the term “turn” as it relates to protein conformation means a bend which alters the direction of the backbone of a peptide or polypeptide and may involve one, two, three or more amino acid residues.
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “loop” refers to a structural feature of a peptide or polypeptide which reverses the direction of the backbone of a peptide or polypeptide and comprises four or more amino acid residues. Oliva et al have identified at least 5 classes of protein loops (J. Mol Biol 266 (4): 814-830: 1997).
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “half-loop” refers to a portion of an identified loop having at least half the number of amino acid residues as the loop from which it is derived. It is understood that loops may not always contain an even number of amino acid residues. Therefore, in those cases where a loop contains or is identified to comprise an odd number of amino acids, a half-loop of the odd-numbered loop will comprise the whole number portion or next whole number portion of the loop (number of amino acids of the loop/2+/−0.5 amino acids). For example, a loop identified as a 7-amino acid loop could produce half-loops of 3 amino acids or 4 amino acids (7/2==3.5+/−0.5 being 3 or 4).
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “domain” refers to a motif of a polypeptide having one or more identifiable structural or functional characteristics or properties (e.g., binding capacity, serving as a site for protein-protein interactions).
As used herein when referring to proteins the term “half-domain” means portion of an identified domain having at least half the number of amino acid residues as the domain from which it is derived. It is understood that domains may not always contain an even number of amino acid residues. Therefore, in those cases where a domain contains or is identified to comprise an odd number of amino acids, a half-domain of the odd-numbered domain will comprise the whole number portion or next whole number portion of the domain (number of amino acids of the domain/2+/−0.5 amino acids). For example, a domain identified as a 7-amino acid domain could produce half-domains of 3 amino acids or 4 amino acids (7/2=3.5+/−0.5 being 3 or 4). It is also understood that sub-domains may be identified within domains or half-domains, these subdomains possessing less than all of the structural or functional properties identified in the domains or half domains from which they were derived. It is also understood that the amino acids that comprise any of the domain types herein need not be contiguous along the backbone of the polypeptide (i.e., nonadjacent amino acids may fold structurally to produce a domain, half-domain or subdomain).
As used herein when referring to proteins the terms “site” as it pertains to amino acid based embodiments is used synonymous with “amino acid residue” and “amino acid side chain”. A site represents a position within a peptide or polypeptide that may be modified, manipulated, altered, derivatized or varied within the polypeptide based molecules of the present invention.
As used herein the terms “termini or terminus” when referring to proteins refers to an extremity of a peptide or poly peptide. Such extremity is not limited only to the first or final site of the peptide or pol peptide but may include additional amino acids in the terminal regions. The polypeptide based molecules of the present invention may be characterized as having both an N-terminus (terminated by an amino acid with a free amino group (NH2)) and a C-terminus (terminated by an amino acid with a free carboxyl group (COOH)). Proteins of the invention are in some cases made up of multiple polypeptide chains brought together by disulfide bonds or by non-covalent forces (multimers, oligomers) These sorts of proteins will have multiple N- and C-termini. Alternatively, the termini of the polypeptides may be modified such that they begin or end, as the case may be, with a non-polypeptide based moiety such as an organic conjugate.
Once any of the features have been identified or defined as a component of a molecule of the invention, any of several manipulations and/or modifications of these features may be performed by moving, swapping, inverting, deleting, randomizing, or duplicating. Furthermore, it is understood that manipulation of features may result in the same outcome as a modification to the molecules of the invention. For example, a manipulation which involves deleting a domain would result in the alteration of the length of a molecule just as modification of a nucleic acid to encode less than a full-length molecule would.
Modifications and manipulations can be accomplished by methods known in the art such as site directed mutagenesis. The resulting modified molecules may then be tested for activity using in vitro or in vivo assays such as those described herein or any other suitable screening assay known in the art.
The present invention provides methods for the generation of parvoviral particles, e.g. AAV particles, by viral genome replication in a viral replication cel.
In accordance with the invention, the viral genome comprising a payload region encoding an antibody, an antibody-based composition or fragment thereof, will be incorporated into the AAV particle produced in the viral replication cell. Methods of making AAV particles are well known in the art and are described in e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,204,059, 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508, 5,064,764, 6,194,191, 6,566,118, 8,137,948, or International Publication Nos. WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353, and WO2001023597; Methods In Molecular Biology, ed. Richard. Humana Press, N J (1995); O'Reilly et al., Baculovirus Expression Vectors, A Laboratory Manual, Oxford Univ. Press (1994); Samulski et al., J. Vir.63:3822-8 (1989); Kajigaya et al., Proc Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 4(46-50 (1991); Ruffing et al., J Vir. 66:6922-30 (1992). Kimbauer et al., Vir., 219.37-44 (1996): Zhao et al., Vir.272:382-93 (2000)); the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, the AAV particles are made using the methods described in WO2015191508, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Viral replication cells commonly used for production of recombinant AAV viral vectors include but are not limited to 293 cells, COS cells, HeLa cells, KB cells, and other mammalian cell lines as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,156,303, 5,387,484, 5,741,683, 5,691,176, and 5,688,676, U.S. patent publication No. 2002/0081721, and International Patent Publication Nos WO 00/47757, WO 00/24916, and WO 96/17947, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for producing an AAV particle having enhanced (increased, improved) transduction efficiency comprising the steps of: 1) co-transfecting competent bacterial cells with a bacmid vector and either a viral construct vector and/or AAV payload construct vector, 2) isolating the resultant viral construct expression vector and AAV payload construct expression vector and separately transfecting viral replication cells, 3) isolating and purifying resultant payload and viral construct particles comprising viral construct expression vector or AAV payload construct expression vector, 4) co-infecting a viral replication cell with both the AAV payload and viral construct particles comprising viral construct expression vector or AAV payload construct expression vector, and 5) harvesting and purifying the AAV particle comprising a viral genome.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for producing an AAV particle comprising the steps of 1) simultaneously co-transfecting mammalian cells, such as, but not limited to HEK293 cells, with a payload region, a construct expressing rep and cap genes and a helper construct, and 2) harvesting and purifying the AAV particle comprising a viral genome.
In some embodiments, the viral genome of the AAV particle of the invention optionally encodes a selectable marker. The selectable marker may comprise a cell-surface marker, such as any protein expressed on the surface of the cell including, but not limited to receptors, CD markers, lectins, integrins, or truncated versions thereof.
In some embodiments, selectable marker reporter genes are selected from those described in International Application No. WO 96/23810; Heim et al., Current Biology 2:178-182 (1996); Heim et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA (1995); or Heim et al., Science 373:663-664 (1995), WO 96/30540, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties).
According to the present invention the AAV particles may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions. It will be understood that such compositions necessarily comprise one or more active ingredients and, most often, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
Relative amounts of the active ingredient (e.g. AAV particle), a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject being treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. For example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 99% (w/w) of the active ingredient. By way of example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100%, e.g., between 0.5 and 50%, between 1-30%, between 5-80%, at least 80% (w/w) active ingredient.
In some embodiments, the AAV particle pharmaceutical compositions described herein may comprise at least one payload. As a non-limiting example, the pharmaceutical compositions may contain an AAV particle with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 payloads. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition may contain a nucleic acid encoding a payload construct encoding proteins selected from antibodies and/or antibody-based compositions.
Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to any other animal, e.g., to non-human animals, e.g. non-human mammals. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with merely ordinary, if any, experimentation. Subjects to which administration of the pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated include, but are not limited to, humans and/or other primates; mammals, including commercially relevant mammals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, cats, dogs, mice, rats, birds, including commercially relevant birds such as poultry, chickens, ducks, geese, and/or turkeys.
In some embodiments, compositions are administered to humans, human patients, or subjects.
The AAV particles of the invention can be formulated using one or more excipients to: (1) increase stability; (2) increase cell transfection or transduction; (3) permit the sustained or delayed expression of the payload; (4) alter the biodistribution (e.g., target the viral particle to specific tissues or cell types); (5) increase the translation of encoded protein; (6) alter the release profile of encoded protein, and/or (7) allow for regulatable expression of the payload.
Formulations of the present invention can include, without limitation, saline, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides, proteins, cells transfected with viral vectors (e.g., for transfer or transplantation into a subject) and combinations thereof.
Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be prepared by any method known or hereafter developed in the art of pharmacology. As used herein the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to compositions comprising at least one active ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
In general, such preparatory methods include the step of associating the active ingredient with an excipient and/or one or more other accessory ingredients. As used herein, the phrase “active ingredient” generally refers either to an AAV particle carrying a payload region encoding the polypeptides of the invention or to the antibody or antibody-based composition encoded by a viral genome of by an AAV particle as described herein.
Formulations of the AAV particles and pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be prepared by any method known or hereafter developed in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with an excipient and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, dividing, shaping and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.
A pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. As used herein, a “unit dose” refers to a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage such as, for example, one-half or one-third of such a dosage.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the invention may be formulated in PBS with 0.0010% of pluronic acid (F-68) at a pH of about 7.0.
Relative amounts of the active ingredient (e.g. AAV particle), the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject being treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. For example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 99% (w/w) of the active ingredient. By way of example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100%, e.g., between 0.5 and 50%, between 1-30%, between 5-80%, or at least 80% (w/w) active ingredient.
In some embodiments, the AAV formulations described herein may contain sufficient AAV particles for expression of at least one expressed functional antibody or antibody-based composition. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may contain viral genomes encoding 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 functional antibodies.
According to the present invention AAV particles may be formulated for CNS delivery. Agents that cross the brain blood barrier may be used. For example, some cell penetrating peptides that can target molecules to the brain blood barrier endothelium may be used for formulation (e.g., Mathupala, Expert Opin Ther Pat., 2009, 19, 137-140; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
The AAV particles of the invention can be formulated using one or more excipients or diluents to (1) increase stability; (2) increase cell transfection or transduction; (3) permit the sustained or delayed release; (4) alter the biodistribution (e.g., target the viral particle to specific tissues or cell types); (5) increase the translation of encoded protein in vivo; (6) alter the release profile of encoded protein in vivo; and/or (7) allow for regulatable expression of the polypeptides of the invention.
In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% pure. In some embodiments, an excipient is approved for use for humans and for veterinary use. In some embodiments, an excipient may be approved by United States Food and Drug Administration. In some embodiments, an excipient may be of pharmaceutical grade. In some embodiments, an excipient may meet the standards of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the British Pharmacopoeia, and/or the International Pharmacopoeia.
Excipients, as used herein, include, but are not limited to, any and all solvents, dispersion media, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Various excipients for formulating pharmaceutical compositions and techniques for preparing the composition are known in the art (see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, A R Gennaro. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2006; incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). The use of a conventional excipient medium may be contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure, except insofar as any conventional excipient medium may be incompatible with a substance or its derivatives, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutical composition.
Exemplary diluents include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, etc., and/or combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, AAV particle formulations may comprise at least one inactive ingredient. As used herein, the term “inactive ingredient” refers to one or more agents that do not contribute to the activity of the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition included in formulations. In some embodiments, all, none or some of the inactive ingredients which may be used in the formulations of the present invention may be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In one embodiment, the AAV particle pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least one inactive ingredient such as, but not limited to, 1,2,6-Hexanetriol, 1,2-Dimyristoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-(Phospho-S-(1-Glycerol)), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine; 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-(Phospho-Rac-(1-Glycerol)); 1,2-Distearoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-(Phospho-Rac-(1-Glycerol)); 1,2-Distearoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine; 1-O-Tolylbiguanide; 2-Ethyl-1,6-Hexanediol; Acetic Acid; Acetic Acid, Glacial; Acetic Anhydride; Acetone; Acetone Sodium Bisulfite; Acetylated Lanolin Alcohols; Acetylated Monoglycerides; Acetylcysteine; Acetyltryptophan, DL-; Acrylates Copolymer; Acrylic Acid-Isooctyl Acrylate Copolymer; Acrylic Adhesive 788; Activated Charcoal; Adcote 72A103; Adhesive Tape; Adipic Acid; Aerotex Resin 3730; Alanine; Albumin Aggregated; Albumin Colloidal; Albumin Human; Alcohol; Alcohol, Dehydrated; Alcohol, Denatured; Alcohol, Diluted; Alfadex, Alginic Acid; Alkyl Ammonium Sulfonic Acid Betaine; Alkyl Aryl Sodium Sulfonate; Allatoin; Allyl .Alpha.-Ionone; Almond Oil; Alpha-Terpineol; Alpha-Tocopherol; Alpha-Tocopherol Acetate, Dl-; Alpha-Tocopherol, Dl-; Aluminum Acetate; Aluminum Chlorhydroxy Allantomate; Aluminum Hydroxide; Aluminum Hydroxide—Sucrose, Hydrated; Aluminum Hydroxide Gel; Aluminum Hydroxide Gel F 500; Aluminum Hydroxide Gel F 5000); Aluminum Monostearate, Aluminum Oxide: Aluminum Polyester; Aluminum Silicate; Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate; Aluminum Stearate; Aluminum Subacetate; Aluminum Sulfate Anhydrous; Amerchol C; Amerchol-Cab, Aminomethylpropanol; Ammonia; Ammonia Solution; Ammonia Solution, Strong; Ammonium Acetate; Ammonium Hydroxide; Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate; Ammonium Nonoxynol-4 Sulfate; Ammonium Salt Of C-12-C-15 Linear Primary Alcohol Ethoxylate; Ammonium Sulfate; Ammonyx; Amphoteric-2; Amphoteric-9; Anethole; Anhydrous Citric Acid; Anhydrous Dextrose; Anhydrous Lactose; Anhydrous Trisodium Citrate; Aniseed Oil; Anoxid Sbn; Antifoam; Antipyrine; Apaflurane; Apricot Kernel Oil Peg-6 Esters; Aquaphor; Arginine; Arlacel; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbyl Palmitate; Aspartic Acid; Balsam Peru; Barium Sulfate; Beeswax; Beeswax; Synthetic; Beheneth-10; Bentonite; Benzalkonium Chloride; Benzenesulfonic Acid; Benzethonium Chloride; Benzododecinium Bromide; Benzoic Acid; Benzyl Alcohol; Benzyl Benzoate; Benzyl Chloride; Betadex; Bibapcitide; Bismuth Subgallate; Boric Acid; Brocrmat; Butane; Butyl Alcohol; Butyl Ester Of Vinyl Methyl Ether/Maleic Anhvdride Copolymer (125000 Mw); Butyl Stearate; Butylated Hydroxyanisole; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Butylene Glycol; Butylparaben; Butyric Acid; C20-40 Pareth-24; Caffeine; Calcium; Calcium Carbonate; Calcium Chloride; Calcium Gluceptate; Calcium Hydroxide; Calcium Lactate; Calcobutrol; Caldiamide Sodium, Caloxetate Trisodium; Calteridol Calcium; Canada Balsam; Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride; Caprylic/Capric/Stearic Triglyceride; Captan; Captisol; Caramel; Carbomer 1342; Carbomer 1382; Carbomer 934; Carbomer 934p; Carbomer 940; Carbomer 941; Carbomer 980; Carbomer 981; Carbomer Homopolymer Type B (Allyl Pentaerythritol Crosslinked), Carbomer Homopolymer Type C (Allyl Pentaerythritol Crosslinked); Carbon Dioxide: Carboxy Vinyl Copolymer; Carboxymethylcellulose; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Carboxypolymethylene; Carrageenan; Carrageenan Salt; Castor Oil; Cedar Leaf Oil; Cellulose; Cellulose, Microcrystalline; Cerasynt-Se; Ceresin; Ceteareth-12; Ceteareth-15; Ceteareth-30; Cetearyl Alcohol/Ceteareth-20; Cetearyl Ethylhexanoate; Ceteth-10; Ceteth-2; Ceteth-20; Ceteth-23; Cetostearyl Alcohol; Cetrimonium Chloride; Cetyl Alcohol; Cetyl Esters Wax; Cetyl Palmitate; Cetylpyridinium Chloride; Chlorobutanol; Chlorobutanol Hemihydrate; Chlorobutanol, Anhydrous; Chlorocresol; Chloroxylenol; Cholesterol; Choleth; Choleth-24; Citrate; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Monohydrate; Citric Acid, Hydrous; Cocamide Ether Sulfate; Cocamine Oxide; Coco Betaine; Coco Diethanolamide; Coco Monoethanolamide; Cocoa Butter; Coco-Glycerides; Coconut Oil; Coconut Oil, Hydrogenated; Coconut Oil/Palm Kernel Oil Glycerides, Hydrogenated; Cocoyl Caprylocaprate; Cola Nitida Seed Extract; Collagen; Coloring Suspension; Corn Oil; Cottonseed Oil; Cream Base; Creatine; Creatinine; Cresol; Croscarmellose Sodium; Crospovidone; Cupric Sulfate; Cupric Sulfate Anhydrous; Cyclomethicone; Cyclomethicone/Dimethicone Copolyol; Cysteine; Cysteine Hydrochloride; Cysteine Hydrochloride Anhydrous; Cysteine, Dl-; D&C Red No. 28; D&C Red No. 33; D&C Red No. 36; D&C Red No. 39; D&C Yellow No. 10; Dalfampridine; Daubert 1-5 Pestr (Matte) 164z; Decyl Methyl Sulfoxide; Dehydag Wax Sx; Dehydroacetic Acid; Dehymuls E; Denatonium Benzoate; Deoxycholic Acid; Dextran; Dextran 40; Dextrin; Dextrose; Dextrose Monohydrate; Dextrose Solution; Diatrizoic Acid; Diazolidinyl Urea; Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol; Dichlorodifluoromethane; Dichlorotetrafluoroethane; Diethanolamine; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate; Diethyl Sebacate; Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Dihydroxy aluminum Aminoacetate; Diisopropanolamine; Diisopropyl Adipate; Diisopropyl Dilinoleate; Dimethicone 350; Dimethicone Copolyol; Dimethicone Mdx4-4210; Dimethicone Medical Fluid 360; Dimethyl Isosorbide: Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-Butyl Methacrylate-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer; Dimethyldioctadecylammonium Bentonite; Dimethylsiloxane/Methylvinylsiloxane Copolymer; Dinoseb Ammonium Salt; Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, Dl-; Dipropylene Glycol; Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate; Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate; Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate; Disodium Sulfosalicylate; Disofenin; Divinylbenzene Styrene Copolymer; Dmdm Hydantoin; Docosanol; Docusate Sodium; Duro-Tak 280-2516; Duro-Tak 387-2516; Duro-Tak 80-1196, Duro-Tak 87-2070; Duro-Tak 87-2194; Duro-Tak 87-2287: Duro-Tak 87-2296; Duro-Tak 87-2888; Duro-Tak 87-2979, Edetate Calcium Disodium, Edetate Disodium; Edetate Disodium Anhydrous; Edetate Sodium: Edetic Acid; Egg Phospholipids; Entsufon; Entsufon Sodium; Epilactose; Epitetracycline Hydrochloride; Essence Bouquet 9200: Ethanolanine Hydrochloride; Ethyl Acetate; Ethyl Oleate; Ethylcelluloses; Ethylene Glycol; Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer; Ethylenediamine; Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride; Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer; Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (28% Vinyl Acetate); Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (9% Vinylacetate); Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate; Ethylparaben; Eucalyptol; Exametazime; Fat, Edible; Fat, Hard; Fatty Acid Esters; Fatty Acid Pentaerythriol Ester; Fatty Acids; Fatty Alcohol Citrate; Fatty Alcohols; Fd&C Blue No. 1; Fd&C Green No 3; Fd&C Red No. 4; Fd&C Red No. 40; Fd&C Yellow No. 10 (Delisted); Fd&C Yellow No 5; Fd&C Yellow No 6; Ferric Chloride; Ferric Oxide; Flavor 89-186; Flavor 89-259, Flavor Df-119; Flavor Df-1530; Flavor Enhancer; Flavor Fig 827118; Flavor Raspberry Pfc-8407; Flavor Rhodia Pharmaceutical No. Rf 451; Fluorochlorohydrocarbons; Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde Solution; Fractionated Coconut Oil; Fragrance 3949-5; Fragrance 520a; Fragrance 6.007; Fragrance 91-122; Fragrance 9128-Y; Fragrance 93498g; Fragrance Balsam Pine No. 5124; Fragrance Bouquet 10328; Fragrance Chemoderm 6401-B; Fragrance Chemoderm 6411, Fragrance Cream No. 73457, Fragrance Cs-28197; Fragrance Felton 066m; Fragrance Firmenich 47373; Fragrance Givaudan Ess 9090/1c; Fragrance H-6540; Fragrance Herbal 10396, Fragrance Nj-1085; Fragrance P O Fl-147, Fragrance Pa 52805; Fragrance Pera Derm D; Fragrance Rbd-9819; Fragrance Shaw Mudge U-7776; Fragrance Tf 044078; Fragrance Ungerer Honeysuckle K 2771; Fragrance Ungerer N5195; Fructose; Gadolinium Oxide; Galactose; Gamma Cvclodextrin; Gelatin; Gelatin, Crosslinked; Gelfoam Sponge; Gellan Gum (Low Acyl); Gelva 737; Gentisic Acid; Gentisic Acid Ethanolamide, Gluceptate Sodium; Gluceptate Sodium Dihydrate; Gluconolactone; Glucuronic Acid; Glutamic Acid, Dl-; Glutathione; Glycerin; Glycerol Ester Of Hydrogenated Rosin; Glyceryl Citrate; Glyceryl Isostearate; Glyceryl Laurate; Glyceryl Monostearate; Glyceryl Oleate; Glyceryl Oleate/Propylene Glycol; Glyceryl Palmitate; Glyceryl Ricinoleate; Glyceryl Stearate; Glyceryl Stearate-Laureth-23; Glyceryl Stearate/Peg Stearate; Glyceryl Stearate/Peg-100 Stearate; Glyceryl Stearate/Peg-40 Stearate; Glyceryl Stearate-Stearamidoethyl Diethylamine; Glyceryl Trioleate; Glycine; Glycine Hydrochloride; Glycol Distearate; Glycol Stearate; Guanidine Hydrochloride; Guar Gum; Hair Conditioner (18n195-1m); Heptane; Hetastarch; Hexylene Glycol; High Density Polyethylene, Histidine; Human Albumin Microspheres; Hyaluronate Sodium; Hydrocarbon; Hydrocarbon Gel; Plasticized; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrochloric Acid, Diluted; Hydrocortisone; Hydrogel Polymer; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogenated Castor Oil; Hydrogenated Palm Oil; Hydrogenated Palm/Palm Kernel Oil Peg-6 Esters; Hydrogenated Polybutene 635-690; Hydroxide Ion; Hydroxyethyl Cellulose; Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid; Hydroxymethyl Cellulose; Hydroxyoctacosanyl Hydroxystearate; Hydroxypropyl Cellulose; Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 2906; Hydroxypropyl-Beta-cyclodextrin; Hypromellose 2208 (15000 Mpa·S); Hypromellose 2910 (15000 Mpa·S); Hypromelloses; Imidurea; Iodine; Iodoxamic Acid; Iofetamine Hydrochloride; Irish Moss Extract; Isobutane; Isoceteth-20; Isoleucine; Isooctyl Acrylate; Isopropyl Alcohol; Isopropyl Isostearate; Isopropyl Myristate; Isopropyl Myristate-Myristyl Alcohol; Isopropyl Palmitate; Isopropyl Stearate; Isostearic Acid, Isostearyl Alcohol; Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution; Jelene; Kaolin; Kathon Cg, Kathon Cg II, Lactate; Lactic Acid; Lactic Acid. Dl-; Lactic Acid, L-; Lactobionic Acid; Lactose; Lactose Monohydrate; Lactose, Hydrous; Laneth; Lanolin; Lanolin Alcohol-Mineral Oil; Lanolin Alcohols; Lanolin Anhydrous; Lanolin Cholesterols; Lanolin Nonionic Derivatives; Lanolin, Ethoxylated; Lanolin, Hydrogenated; Lauralkonium Chloride; Lauramine Oxide; Laurdimonium Hydrolyzed Animal Collagen; Laureth Sulfate; Laureth-2; Laureth-23; Laureth-4; Lauric Diethanolamide; Lauric Myristic Diethanolamide; Lauroyl Sarcosine; Lauryl Lactate; Lauryl Sulfate; Lavandula Angustifolia Flowering Top; Lecithin; Lecithin Unbleached; Lecithin, Egg; Lecithin, Hydrogenated; Lecithin, Hydrogenated Soy; Lecithin, Soy bean Lemon Oil; Leucine; Levulinic Acid; Lidofenin; Light Mineral Oil; Light Mineral Oil (85 Ssu); Limonene, (+/−)-; Lipocol Sc-15; Lysine, Lysine Acetate; Lysine Monohydrate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate Hydrate; Magnesium Chloride; Magnesium Nitrate; Magnesium Stearate; Maleic Acid; Mannitol; Maprofix; Mebrofenin; Medical Adhesive Modified S-15; Medical Antiform A-F Emulsion; Medronate Disodium; Medronic Acid; Meglumine; Menthol; Metacresol; Metaphosphoric Acid; Methanesulfonic Acid; Methionine; Methyl Alcohol; Methyl Gluceth-10; Methyl Gluceth-20; Methyl Gluceth-20 Sesquistearate; Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate; Methyl Laurate; Methyl Pyrrolidone; Methyl Salicylate, Methyl Stearate; Methylboronic Acid; Methylcellulose (4000 Mpa·S); Methylcelluloses; Methylchloroisothiaiolinone; Methylene Blue; Methylisothiazolinone; Methylparaben; Microcrystalline Wax; Mineral Oil; Mono and Diglyceride; Monostearyl Citrate; Monothioglycerol; Multisterol Extract; Myristyl Alcohol; Myristyl Lactate; Myristyl-.Gamma.-Picolinium Chloride; N-(Carbamoyl-Methoxy Peg-40)-1,2-Distearoyl-Cephalin Sodium; N,N-Dimethylacetamide; Niacinamide; Nioxime; Nitric Acid; Nitrogen; Nonoxynol Iodine; Nonoxynol-15; Nonoxynol-9; Norflurane; Oatmeal; Octadecene-1/Maleic Acid Copolymer; Octanoic Acid; Octisalate; Octoxynol-1; Octoxynol-40; Octoxynol-9; Octyldodecanol; Octylphenol Polymethylene; Oleic Acid; Oleth-10/Oleth-5; Oleth-2; Oleth-20; Oleyl Alcohol; Oleyl Oleate; Olive Oil; Oxidronate Disodium; Oxyquinoline; Palm Kernel Oil; Palmitamine Oxide; Parabens; Paraffin; Paraffin, White Soft; Parfum Creme 45/3; Peanut Oil; Peanut Oil, Refined; Pectin; Peg 6-32 Stearate/Glycol Stearate; Peg Vegetable Oil; Peg-100 Stearate; Peg-12 Glyceryl Laurate; Peg-120 Glyceryl Stearate; Peg-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate; Peg-15 Cocamine; Peg-150 Distearate; Peg-2 Stearate, Peg-20 Sorbitan Isostearate; Peg-22 Methyl Ether/Dodecyl Glycol Copolymer; Peg-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate; Peg-4 Dilaurate; Peg-4 Laurate; Peg-40 Castor Oil; Peg-40 Sorbitan Diisostearate; Peg-45/Dodecyl Glycol Copolymer; Peg-5 Oleate; Peg-50 Stearate; Peg-54 Hydrogenated Castor Oil; Peg-6 Isostearate; Peg-60 Castor Oil, Peg-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil; Peg-7 Methyl Ether, Peg-75 Lanolin; Peg-8 Laurate, Peg-8 Stearate, Pegoxol 7 Stearate; Pentadecalactone; Pentaerythritol Cocoate; Pentasodium Penetate; Pentetate Calcium Trisodium; Pentetic Acid; Peppermint Oil; Perflutren; Perfume 25677; Perfume Bouquet, Perfume E-1991; Perfume Gd 5604; Perfume Tana 90/42 Scba; Perfume W-1952-1, Petrolatum, Petrolatum. White; Petroleum Distillates; Phenol; Phenol, Liquefied; Phenonip; Phenoxyethanol; Phenylalanine; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Phenylmercuric Acetate; Phenylmercuric Nitrate; Phosphatidyl Glycerol, Egg; Phospholipid; Phospholipid, Egg; Phospholipon 90 g; Phosphoric Acid; Pine Needle Oil (Pinus Sylvestris); Piperazine Hexahydrate; Plastibase-50w; Polacrilin; Polidronium Chloride; Poloxamer 124; Poloxamer 181; Poloxamer 182; Poloxamer 188; Poloxamer 237; Poloxamer 407; Poly(Bis(P-Carboxyphenoxy)Propane Anhydride):Sebacic Acid, Poly(Dimethylsiloxane/Methylvinylsiloxane/Methylhydrogensiloxane) Dimethylvinyl Or Dimethylhydroxy Or Trimethyl Endblocked; Poly(Dl-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid), (50:50; Poly(Dl-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid), Ethyl Ester Terminated, (50:50; Polyacrylic Acid (250000 Mw); Polybutene (1400 Mw); Polycarbophil; Polyester; Polyester Polyamine Copolymer; Polyester Rayon; Polyethylene Glycol 1000; Polyethylene Glycol 1450; Polyethylene Glycol 1500; Polyethylene Glycol 1540; Polyethylene Glycol 20; Polyethylene Glycol 300; Polyethylene Glycol 300-1600, Polyethylene Glycol 3350; Polyethylene Glycol 400; Polyethylene Glycol 4000; Polyethylene Glycol 540; Polyethylene Glycol 600; Polyethylene Glycol 6000; Polyethylene Glycol 8000; Polyethylene Glycol 900; Polyethylene High Density Containing Ferric Oxide Black (<1%); Polyethylene Low Density Containing Barium Sulfate (20-24%); Polyethylene T; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Polyglactin; Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate; Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; Polyisobutylene; Polyisobutylene (1100000 Mw); Polyisobutylene (35000 Mw); Polyisobutylene 178-236; Polyisobutylene 241-294; Polyisobutylene 35-39, Polyisobutylene Low Molecular Weight; Polyisobutylene Medium Molecular Weight; Polyisobutylene/Polybutene Adhesive; Polylactide; Polyols; Polyoxyethylene—Polyoxy propylene 1800; Polyoxyethylene Alcohols; Polyoxyethylene Fatty Acid Esters; Polyoxyethylene Propylene; Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether; Polyoxyl 35 Castor Oil; Polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil; Polyoxyl 40 Stearate; Polyoxyl 400 Stearate; Polyoxyl 6 And Polyoxyl 32 Palmitostearate; Polyoxyl Distearate; Polyoxyl Glyceryl Stearate; Polyoxyl Lanolin; Polyoxyl Palmitate; Polyoxyl Stearate; Polypropylene; Polypropylene Glycol; Polyquaternium-10; Polyquaternium-7 (70/30 Acrylamide/Dadmac; Polysiloxane; Polysorbate 20; Polysorbate 40; Polysorbate 60; Polysorbate 65; Polysorbate 80; Polyurethane; Polyvinyl Acetate; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Polyvinyl Chloride; Polyvinyl Chloride-Polyvinyl Acetate Copolymer; Polyvinylpyridine; Poppy Seed Oil; Potash; Potassium Acetate; Potassium Alum; Potassium Bicarbonate; Potassium Bisulfite; Potassium Chloride; Potassium Citrate, Potassium Hydroxide; Potassium Metabisulfite; Potassium Phosphate, Dibasic; Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic; Potassium Soap; Potassium Sorbate, Povidone Acrylate Copolymer, Povidone Hydrogel, Povidone K17; Povidone K25; Povidone K29/32, Povidone K30, Povidone K90; Povidone K90f; Povidone/Eicosene Copolymer; Povidones; Ppg-12/Smdi Copolymer; Ppg-15 Stearyl Ether; Ppg-20 Methyl Glucose Ether Distearate; Ppg-26 Oleate; Product Wat; Proline; Promulgen D; Promulgen G; Propane; Propellant A-46; Propyl Gallate; Propylene Carbonate; Propylene Glycol; Propylene Glycol Diacetate; Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Monolaurate; Propylene Glycol Monopalmitostearate; Propylene Glycol Palmitostearate; Propylene Glycol Ricinoleate; Propylene Glycol/Diazolidinyl Urea/Methylparaben/Propylparben; Propylparaben; Protamine Sulfate; Protein Hydrolysate, Pvm/Ma Copolymer; Quaternium-15; Quaternium-15 Cis-Form; Quaternium-52; Ra-2397; Ra-3011; Saccharin; Saccharin Sodium; Saccharin Sodium Anhydrous; Safflower Oil; Sd Alcohol 3a; Sd Alcohol 40; Sd Alcohol 40-2; Sd Alcohol 40b; Sepineo P 600; Serine; Sesame Oil; Shea Butter; Silastic Brand Medical Grade Tubing; Silastic Medical Adhesive, Silicone Type A; Silica, Dental; Silicon; Silicon Dioxide; Silicon Dioxide, Colloidal; Silicone; Silicone Adhesive 4102; Silicone Adhesive 4502; Silicone Adhesive Bio-Psa Q7-4201; Silicone Adhesive Bio-Psa Q7-4301; Silicone Emulsion; Silicone/Polyester Film Strip; Simethicone; Simethicone Emulsion; Sipon Ls 20np; Soda Ash; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Acetate Anhydrous; Sodium Alkyl Sulfate; Sodium Ascorbate; Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Bisulfate; Sodium Bisulfite; Sodium Borate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Sodium Carbonate; Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate; Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate; Sodium Cetostearyl Sulfate; Sodium Chlorate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Chloride Injection, Sodium Chloride Injection, Bacteriostatic, Sodium Cholesteryl Sulfate, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Cocoyl Sarcosinate; Sodium Desoxycholate; Sodium Dithionite; Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate; Sodium Gluconate; Sodium Hydroxide; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sodium Iodide; Sodium Lactate; Sodium Lactate, L-; Sodium Laureth-2 Sulfate, Sodium Laureth-3 Sulfate; Sodium Laureth-5 Sulfate; Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate; Sodium Metabisulfite; Sodium Nitrate; Sodium Phosphate; Sodium Phosphate Dihydrate; Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic; Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic, Anhydrous; Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic, Dihydrate; Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic, Dodecahydrate; Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic, Heptahydrate; Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic; Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic, Anhydrous; Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic, Dihydrate; Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic, Monohydrate; Sodium Polyacrylate (2500000 Mw); Sodium Pyrophosphate; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylate, Sodium Starch Glycolate; Sodium Succinate Hexahydrate; Sodium Sulfate; Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous; Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate; Sodium Sulfite; Sodium Sulfosuccinated Undecyclenic Monoalkylolamide; Sodium Tartrate; Sodium Thioglycolate; Sodium Thiomalate; Sodium Thiosulfate; Sodium Thiosulfate Anhydrous; Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Sodium Xylenesulfonate; Somay 44; Sorbic Acid; Sorbitan; Sorbitan Isostearate; Sorbitan Monolaurate; Sorbitan Monooleate; Sorbitan Monopalmitate; Sorbitan Monostearate; Sorbitan Sesquioleate; Sorbitan Trioleate, Sorbitan Tristearate; Sorbitol; Sorbitol Solution; Soybean Flour; Soybean Oil; Spearmint Oil, Spermaceti; Squalane; Stabilized Oxychloro Complex; Stannous 2-Ethylhexanoate; Stannous Chloride; Stannous Chloride Anhydrous; Stannous Fluoride; Stannous Tartrate; Starch; Starch 1500. Pregelatinized; Starch, Corn; Stearalkoniun Chloride, Stearalkonium Hectorite/Propylene Carbonate; Stearamidoethyl Diethylamine; Steareth-10, Steareth-100; Steareth-2; Steareth-20; Steareth-21; Steareth-40; Stearic Acid; Stearic Diethanolamide; Stearoxytrimethylsilane; Steartrimonium Hydrolyzed Animal Collagen; Stearyl Alcohol; Sterile Water For Inhalation; Styrene/Isoprene/Styrene Block Copolymer; Succimer, Succinic Acid; Sucralose; Sucrose; Sucrose Distearate; Sucrose Polyesters; Sulfacetamide Sodium, Sulfobutylether .Beta.-Cyclodextrin; Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid; Sulfurous Acid; Surfactol Qs; Tagatose, D-; Talc; Tall Oil; Tallow Glycerides; Tartaric Acid; Tartaric Acid, Dl-; Tenox; Tenox-2; Tert-Butyl Alcohol; Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide; Tert-Butylhydroquinone; Tetrakis(2-Methoxyisobutylisocyanide)Copper(I) Tetrafluoroborate; Tetrapropyl Orthosilicate; Tetrofosmin; Theophylline, Thimerosal; Threonine, Thymol; Tin, Titanium Dioxide; Tocopherol; Tocophersolan; Total parenteral nutrition; lipid emulsion; Triacetin; Tricaprylin; Trichloromonofluoromethane; Trideceth-10; Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate; Trifluoroacetic Acid; Triglycerides, Medium Chain, Trihydroxystearin; Trilaneth-4 Phosphate, Trilaureth-4 Phosphate, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate; Trisodium Hedta Triton 720; Triton X-200; Trolamine; Tromantadine; Tromethamine (TRIS); Tryptophan; Tyloxapol; Tyrosine; Undecylenic Acid; Union 76 Amsco-Res 6038; Urea; Valine; Vegetable Oil; Vegetable Oil Glyceride. Hydrogenated; Vegetable Oil, Hydrogenated; Versetamide; Viscarin; Viscose/Cotton, Vitamin E; Wax, Emulsifying; Wecobee Fs; White Ceresin Wax; White Wax; Xanthan Gum; Zinc; Zinc Acetate; Zinc Carbonate; Zinc Chloride; and Zinc Oxide.
Pharmaceutical composition formulations of AAV particles disclosed herein may include cations or anions. In one embodiment, the formulations include metal cations such as, but not limited to, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg+ and combinations thereof. As a non-limiting example, formulations may include polymers and complexes with a metal cation (See e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,265,389 and 6,555,525, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).
Formulations of the invention may also include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable salts. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form (e.g., by reacting the free base group with a suitable organic acid). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. Representative acid addition salts include acetate, acetic acid, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptonate, hexanoate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylanmmonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
Solvates may be prepared by crystallization, recrystallization, or precipitation from a solution that includes organic solvents, water, or a mixture thereof. Examples of suitable solvents are ethanol, water (for example, mono-, di-, and tri-hydrates), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMEU), 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), acetonitrile (ACN), propylene glycol, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, 2-pyrrolidone, benzyl benzoate, and the like. When water is the solvent, the solvate is referred to as a “hydrate.”
The AAV particles of the present invention may be administered by any delivery route which results in a therapeutically effective outcome. These include, but are not limited to, enteral (into the intestine), gastroenteral, epidural (into the dura mater), oral (by way of the mouth), transdermal, intracerebral (into the cerebrum), intracerebroventricular (into the cerebral ventricles), epicutaneous (application onto the skin), intradermal (into the skin itself), subcutaneous (under the skin), nasal administration (through the nose), intravenous (into a vein), intravenous bolus, intravenous drip, intra-arterial (into an artery), intramuscular (into a muscle), intracardiac (into the heart), intraosseous infusion (into the bone marrow), intrathecal (into the spinal canal), intraparenchymal (into brain tissue), intraperitoneal (infusion or injection into the peritoneum), intravesical infusion, intravitreal (through the eye), intracavernous injection (into a pathologic cavity) intracavitary (into the base of the penis), intravaginal administration, intrauterine, extra-amniotic administration, transdermal (diffusion through the intact skin for systemic distribution), transmucosal (diffusion through a mucous membrane), transvaginal, insufflation (snorting), sublingual, sublabial, enema, eye drops (onto the conjunctiva), ear drops, auricular (in or by way of the ear), buccal (directed toward the cheek), conjunctival, cutaneous, dental (to a tooth or teeth), electro-osmosis, endocervical, endosinusial, endotracheal, extracorporeal, hemodialysis, infiltration, interstitial, intra-abdominal, intra-amniotic, intra-articular, intrabiliary, intrabronchial, intrabursal, intracartilaginous (within a cartilage), intracaudal (within the cauda equine), intracisternal (within the cisterna magna cerebellomedularis), intracorneal (within the cornea), dental intracoronal, intracoronary (within the coronary arteries), intracorporus cavernosum (within the dilatable spaces of the corporus cavernosa of the penis), intradiscal (within a disc), intraductal (within a duct of a gland), intraduodenal (within the duodenum), intradural (within or beneath the dura), intraepidermal (to the epidermis), intraesophageal (to the esophagus), intragastric (within the stomach), intragingival (within the gingivae), intraileal (within the distal portion of the small intestine), intralesional (within or introduced directly to a localized lesion), intraluminal (within a lumen of a tube), intralymphatic (within the lymph), intramedullary (within the marrow cavity of a bone), intrameningeal (within the meninges), intramyocardial (within the mvocardium), intraocular (within the eye), intraovarian (within the ovary), intrapericardial (within the pericardium), intrapleural (within the pleura), intraprostatic (within the prostate gland), intrapulmonary (within the lungs or its bronchi), intrasinal (within the nasal or periorbital sinuses), intraspinal (within the vertebral column), intrasynovial (within the synovial cavity of a joint), intratendinous (within a tendon), intratesticular (within the testicle), intrathecal (within the cerebrospinal fluid at any level of the cerebrospinal axis), intrathoracic (within the thorax), intratubular (within the tubules of an organ), intratumor (within a tumor), intratympanic (within the aurus media), intravascular (within a vessel or vessels), intraventricular (within a ventricle), iontophoresis (by means of electric current where ions of soluble salts migrate into the tissues of the body), irrigation (to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities), laryngeal (directly upon the larynx), nasogastric (through the nose and into the stomach), occlusive dressing technique (topical route administration which is then covered by a dressing which occludes the area), ophthalmic (to the external eye), oropharyngeal (directly to the mouth and pharynx), parenteral, percutaneous, periarticular, peridural, perineural, periodontal, rectal, respiratory (within the respiratory tract by inhaling orally or nasally for local or systemic effect), retrobulbar (behind the pons or behind the eyeball), soft tissue, subarachnoid, subconjunctival, submucosal, topical, transplacental (through or across the placenta), transtracheal (through the wall of the trachea), transtympanic (across or through the tympanic cavity), ureteral (to the ureter), urethral (to the urethra), vaginal, caudal block, diagnostic, nerve block, biliary perfusion, cardiac perfusion, photopheresis, and spinal.
In some embodiments, compositions may be adminstered in a way which allows them to cross the blood-brain barrier, vascular barrier, or other epithelial barrier. The AAV particles of the present invention may be administered in any suitable form, either as a liquid solution or suspension, as a solid form suitable for liquid solution or suspension in a liquid solution. The AAV particles may be formulated with any appropriate and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered to a subject via a single route administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered to a subject via a multi-site route of administration. A subject may be adminstered at 2, 3, 4, 5, or more than 5 sites.
In one embodiment, a subject may be administered the AAV particles of the present invention using a bolus infusion.
In one embodiment, a subject may be administered the AAV particles of the present invention using sustained delivery over a period of minutes, hours, or days. The infusion rate may be changed depending on the subject, distribution, formulation or another delivery parameter.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered by intramuscular delivery route. (See. e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,379: the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Non-limiting examples of intramuscular administration include an intravenous injection or a subcutaneous injection.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered by oral administration. Non-limiting examples of oral administration include a digestive tract administration and a buccal administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered by intraocular delivery route A non-limiting example of intraocular administration include an intravitreal injection.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered by intranasal delivery route. Non-limiting examples of intranasal delivery include administration of nasal drops or nasal sprays.
In some embodiments, the AAV particles that may be administered to a subject by peripheral injections. Non-limiting examples of peripheral injections include intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous, conjunctival, or joint injection. It was disclosed in the art that the peripheral administration of AAV vectors can be transported to the central nervous system, for example, to the motor neurons (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication Nos. US20100240739 and US20100130594; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered by injection into the CSF pathway. Non-limiting examples of deliver) to the CSF pathway include intrathecal and intracerebroventricular administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered by systemic delivery. As a non-limiting example, the systemic delivery may be by intravascular administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered to a subject by intracranial delivery (See. e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,119,611; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered to a subject by intraparenchymal administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered to a subject by intramuscular administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are administered to a subject and transduce muscle of a subject. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles are administered by intramuscular administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered to a subject by intravenous administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered to a subject by subcutaneous administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered to a subject by topical administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered by direct injection into the brain. As a non-limiting example, the brain delivery may be by intrastriatal administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered by more than one route of administration. As non-limiting examples of combination administrations, AAV particles may be delivered by intrathecal and intracerebroventricular, or by intravenous and intraparenchymal administration.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention may be administered parenterally. Liquid dosage forms for oral and parenteral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and/or elixirs. In addition to active ingredients, liquid dosage forms may comprise inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, oral compositions can include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and/or perfuming agents. In certain embodiments for parenteral administration, compositions are mixed with solubilizing agents such as CREMOPHOR®, alcohols, oils, modified oils, glycols, polysorbates, cyclodextrins, polymers, and/or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, surfactants are included such as hydroxypropylcellulose.
Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing agents, wetting agents, and/or suspending agents. Sterile injectable preparations may be sterile injectable solutions, suspensions, and/or emulsions in nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluents and/or solvents, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water. Ringer's solution, U.S.P., and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides Fatty acids such as oleic acid can be used in the preparation of injectables.
Injectable formulations may be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, and/or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
In order to prolong the effect of active ingredients, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of active ingredients from subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. This may be accomplished by the use of liquid suspensions of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of active ingredients depends upon the rate of dissolution which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drug form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the drug in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of drug to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drug release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissues.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention may be administered rectally and/or vaginally Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are typically suppositories which can be prepared by mixing compositions with suitable non-irritating excipients such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention may be administered orally. Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, an active ingredient is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or fillers or extenders (e.g. starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid), binders (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia), humectants (e.g. glycerol), disintegrating agents (e.g. agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate), solution retarding agents (e.g. paraffin), absorption accelerators (e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds), wetting agents (e.g. cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate), absorbents (e.g. kaolin and bentonite clay), and lubricants (e.g. talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate), and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may comprise buffering agents
As described herein, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention may be formulated for administration topically. The skin may be an ideal target site for delivery as it is readily accessible. Three routes are commonly considered to deliver pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention to the skin: (i) topical application (e.g. for local/regional treatment and/or cosmetic applications); (ii) intradermal injection (e.g. for local/regional treatment and/or cosmetic applications); and (iii) systemic delivery (e.g. for treatment of dermatologic diseases that affect both cutaneous and extracutaneous regions). Pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention can be delivered to the skin by several different approaches known in the art.
In some embodiments, the invention provides for a variety of dressings (e.g., wound dressings) or bandages (e.g., adhesive bandages) for conveniently and/or effectively carrying out methods of the present invention. Typically dressing or bandages may comprise sufficient amounts of pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles of the present invention described herein to allow users to perform multiple treatments.
Dosage forms for topical and/or transdermal administration may include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants and/or patches. Generally, active ingredients are admixed under sterile conditions with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or any needed preservatives and/or buffers. Additionally, the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which often have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention to the body. Such dosage forms may be prepared, for example, by dissolving and/or dispensing pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles in the proper medium. Alternatively. or additionally, rates may be controlled by either providing rate controlling membranes and/or by dispersing pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles in a polymer matrix and/or gel.
Formulations suitable for topical administration include, but are not limited to, liquid and/or semi liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, oil in water and/or water in oil emulsions such as creams, ointments and/or pastes, and/or solutions and/or suspensions.
Topically-administrable formulations may, for example, comprise from about 1% to about 10% (w/w) active ingredient, although the concentration of active ingredient may be as high as the solubility limit of the active ingredient in the solvent. Formulations for topical administration may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein.
As described herein, in some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention are formulated in depots for extended release. Generally, specific organs or tissues (“target tissues”) are targeted for administration.
In some aspects of the invention, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention are spatially retained within or proximal to target tissues. Provided are methods of providing pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles, to target tissues of mammalian subjects by contacting target tissues (which comprise one or more target cells) with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, under conditions such that they are substantially retained in target tissues, meaning that at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 51, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.9, 99.99 or greater than 99.99% of the composition is retained in the target tissues. Advantageously, retention is determined by measuring the amount of pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, that enter one or more target cells. For example, at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.9%, 99.99%, or greater than 99.99% of pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, administered to subjects are present intracellularly at a period of time following administration. For example, intramuscular injection to mammalian subjects may be performed using aqueous compositions comprising pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles of the present invention and one or more transfection reagents, and retention is determined by measuring the amount of pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, present in muscle cells.
Certain aspects of the invention are directed to methods of providing pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles of the present invention to a target tissues of mammalian subjects, by contacting target tissues (comprising one or more target cells) with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles under conditions such that they are substantially retained in such target tissues. Pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles comprise enough active ingredient such that the effect of interest is produced in at least one target cell. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles generally comprise one or more cell penetration agents, although “naked” formulations (such as without cell penetration agents or other agents) are also contemplated, with or without pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in formulations suitable for pulmonary administration. In some embodiments, such administration is via the buccal cavity. In some embodiments, formulations may comprise dry particles comprising active ingredients. In such embodiments, dry particles may have a diameter in the range from about 0.5 nm to about 7 nm or from about 1 nm to about 6 nm. In some embodiments, formulations may be in the form of dry powders for administration using devices comprising dry powder reservoirs to which streams of propellant may be directed to disperse such powder. In some embodiments, self-propelling solvent/powder dispensing containers may be used. In such embodiments, active ingredients may be dissolved and/or suspended in low-boiling propellant in sealed containers. Such powders may comprise particles w herein at least 98% of the particles by weight have diameters greater than 0.5 nm and at least 95% of the particles by number have diameters less than 7 nm. Alternatively, at least 95% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 1 nm and at least 90% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 6 nm. Dry powder compositions may include a solid fine powder diluent such as sugar and are conveniently provided in a unit dose form.
Low boiling propellants generally include liquid propellants having a boiling point of below 65° F. at atmospheric pressure. Generally, propellants may constitute 50% to 99.9% (w/w) of the composition, and active ingredient may constitute 0.1% to 20% (w/w) of the composition. Propellants may further comprise additional ingredients such as liquid non-ionic and/or solid anionic surfactant and/or solid diluent (which may have particle sizes of the same order as particles comprising active ingredients).
Pharmaceutical compositions formulated for pulmonary delivery may provide active ingredients in the form of droplets of solution and/or suspension. Such formulations may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold as aqueous and/or dilute alcoholic solutions and/or suspensions, optionally sterile, comprising active ingredients, and may conveniently be administered using any nebulization and/or atomization device. Such formulations may further comprise one or more additional ingredients including, but not limited to, a flavoring agent such as saccharin sodium, a volatile oil, a buffering agent, a surface active agent, and/or a preservative such as methylhydroxybenzoate. Droplets provided by this route of administration may have an average diameter in the range from about 0.1 nm to about 200 nm.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles of the present invention may be administered nasally and/or intranasal. In some embodiments, formulations described herein useful for pulmonary delivery may also be useful for intranasal delivery. In some embodiments, formulations for intranasal administration comprise a coarse powder comprising the active ingredient and having an average particle from about 0.2 μm to 500 μm. Such formulations are administered in the manner in which snuff is taken, i.e. by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close to the nose.
Formulations suitable for nasal administration may, for example, comprise from about as little as 0.1% (w/w) and as much as 100% (w/w) of active ingredient, and may comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein A pharmaceutical composition may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation suitable for buccal administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of tablets and/or lozenges made using conventional methods, and may, for example, 0.1% to 20% (w/v) active ingredient, the balance comprising an orally dissolvable and/or degradable composition and, optionally, one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. Alternately, formulations suitable for buccal administration may comprise powders and/or an aerosolized and/or atomized solutions and/or suspensions comprising active ingredients Such powdered, aerosolized, and/or aerosolized formulations, when dispersed, may comprise average particle and/or droplet sizes in the range of from about 0.1 nm to about 200 nm, and may further comprise one or more of any additional ingredients described herein.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles of the present invention may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in formulations suitable for ophthalmic and/or otic administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of eye and/or ear drops including, for example, a 0.1/1.0% (w/w) solution and/or suspension of the active ingredient in aqueous and/or oily liquid excipients. Such drops may further comprise buffering agents, salts, and/or one or more other of any additional ingredients described herein. Other ophthalmically-administrable formulations which are useful include those which comprise active ingredients in microcrystalline form and/or in liposomal preparations. Subretinal inserts may also be used as forms of administration.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for treatment of disease described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,999,948, or International Publication No. WO2014178863, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering gene therapy in Alzheimer's Disease or other neurodegenerative conditions as described in US Application No. 20150126590, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivery of a CNS gene therapy as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,436,708, and 8,946,152, and International Publication No. WO2015168666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering proteins using AAV vectors described in European Patent Application No. EP2678433, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering DNA to the bloodstream described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,211,163, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload to the central nervous system described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,757, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload using a glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) delivery vector described in International Patent Publication No. WO2001089583, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload to neural cells described in International Patent Publication No. WO2012057363, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present disclosure provides a method of delivering to a cell or tissue any of the above-described AAV particles, comprising contacting the cell or tissue with said AAV particle or contacting the cell or tissue with a formulation comprising said AAV particle, or contacting the cell or tissue with any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions. The method of delivering the AAV particle to a cell or tissue can be accomplished in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo.
The present disclosure additionally provides a method of delivering to a subject, including a mammalian subject, any of the above-described AAV particles comprising administering to the subject said AAV particle, or administering to the subject a formulation comprising said AAV particle, or administering to the subject any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions.
The present invention provides methods of administering AAV particles in accordance with the invention to a subject in need thereof. The pharmaceutical, diagnostic, or prophylactic AAV particles and compositions of the present invention may be administered to a subject using any amount and any route of administration effective for preventing, treating, managing, or diagnosing diseases, disorders and/or conditions. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the disease, the particular composition, its mode of administration, its mode of activity, and the like. The subject may be a human, a mammal, or an animal. Compositions in accordance with the invention are typically formulated in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions of the present invention may be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective, prophylactically effective, or appropriate diagnostic dose level for any particular individual w ill depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder: the activity of the specific payload employed: the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient, the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific AAV particle employed, the duration of the treatment, drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific AAV particle employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.
In certain embodiments, AAV particle pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the present invention may be administered at dosage levels sufficient to deliver from about 0.0001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 0.05 mg/kg, from about 0.005 mg/kg to about 0.05 mg/kg, from about 0.001 mg/kg to about (1.005 mg/kg, from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, or from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body w % eight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic, diagnostic, or prophylactic, effect. It will be understood that the above dosing concentrations may be converted to vg or viral genomes per kg or into total viral genomes administered by one of skill in the art.
In certain embodiments, AAV particle pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with the present disclosure may be administered at about 10 to about 600 μl/site, 50 to about 500 μl/site, 100 to about 400 μl/site, 120 to about 300 μl/site, 140 to about 200 μl/site, about 160 μl/site. As non-limiting examples, AAV particles may be administered at 54 μl/site and/or 150 μl/site.
The desired dosage of the AAV particles of the present invention may be delivered only once, three times a day, two times a day, once a day, every other day, every third day, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks, or every four weeks. In certain embodiments, the desired dosage may be delivered using multiple administrations (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations). When multiple administrations are employed, split dosing regimens such as those described herein may be used. As used herein, a “split dose” is the division of “single unit dose” or total daily dose into two or more doses, e.g., two or more administrations of the “single unit dose”. As used herein, a “single unit dose” is a dose of any therapeutic administered in one dose/at one time/single route/single point of contact, i.e., single administration event.
The desired dosage of the AAV particles of the present invention may be administered as a “pulse dose” or as a “continuous flow”. As used herein, a “pulse dose” is a series of single unit doses of any therapeutic administered with a set frequency over a period of time. As used herein, a “continuous flow” is a dose of therapeutic administered continuously for a period of time in a single route/single point of contact, i.e., continuous administration event. A total daily dose, an amount given or prescribed in 24-hour period, may be administered by any of these methods, or as a combination of these methods, or by any other methods suitable for a pharmaceutical administration.
In one embodiment, delivery of the AAV particles of the present invention to a subject provides neutralizing activity to a subject. The neutralizing activity can be for at least 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, 18 months, 19 months, 20 months, 20 months, 21 months, 22 months, 23 months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years or more than 10 years.
In one embodiment, delivery of the AAV particles of the present invention results in minimal serious adverse events (SAEs) as a result of the delivery of the AAV particles.
In one embodiment, delivery of AAV particles to cells of the central nervous system (e.g., parenchyma) may comprise a total dose between about 1×106 VG and about 1×1016 VG. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a total dose of about 1×106, 2×106, 3×106, 4×106, 5×106, 6×106, 7×106, 8×106, 9×106, 1×107, 2×107, 3×107, 4×107, 5×107, 6×107, 7×107, 8×107, 9×107, 1×108, 2×108, 3×108, 4×108, 5×108, 6×108, 7×108, 8×108, 9×108, 1×109, 2×109, 3×109, 4×109, 5×109, 6×109, 7×109, 8×109, 9×109, 1×1010, 1.9×1010, 2×1010, 3×1010, 3.73×1010, 4×1010, 5×1010, 6×1010, 7×1010, 8×1010, 9×1010, 1×1011, 2×1011, 2.5×1011, 3×1011, 4×1011, 5×1011, 6×1011, 7×1011, 8×1011, 9×1011, 1×1012, 2×1012, 3×1012, 4×1012, 5×1012, 6×1012, 7×1012, 8×1012, 9×1012, 1×1013, 2×1013, 3×1013, 4×1013, 5×1013, 6×1013, 7×1013, 8×1013, 9×1013, 1×1014, 2×1014, 3×1014, 4×1014, 5×1014, 6×1014, 7×1014, 8×1014, 9×1014, 1×1015, 2×1015, 3×1015, 4×1015, 5×1015, 6×1015, 7×1015, 8×1015, 9×1015, or 1×1016 VG. As a non-limiting example, the total dose is 1×1013 VG. As another non-limiting example, the total dose is 2.1×1012 VG.
In one embodiment, delivery of AAV particles to cells of the central nervous system (e.g., parenchyma) may comprise a composition concentration between about 1×106 VG/mL and about 1×1016 VG/mL. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×106, 2×106, 3×106, 4×106, 5×106, 6×106, 7×106, 8×106, 9×106, 1×107, 2×107, 3×107, 4×107, 5×107, 6×107, 7×107, 8×107, 9×107, 1×108, 2×108, 3×108, 4×108, 5×108, 6×108, 7×108, 8×108, 9×108, 1×109, 2×109, 3×109, 4×109, 5×109, 6×109, 7×109, 8×109, 9×109, 1×1010, 2×1010, 3×1010, 4×1010, 5×1010, 6×1010, 7×1010, 8×1010, 9×1010, 1×1011, 2×1011, 3×1011, 4×1011, 5×1011, 6×1011, 7×1011, 8×1011, 9×1011, 1×1012, 2×1012, 3×1012, 4×1012, 5×1012, 6×1012, 7×1012, 8×1012, 9×1012, 1×1013, 2×1013, 3×1013, 4×1013, 5×1013, 6×1013, 7×1013, 8×1013, 9×1013, 1×1014, 2×1014, 3×1014, 4×1014, 5×1014, 6×1014, 7×1014, 8×1014, 9×1014, 1×1015, 2×1015, 3×1015, 4×1015, 5×1015, 6×1015, 7×1015, 8×1015, 9×1015, or 1×1016 VG/mL. In one embodiment, the delivery comprises a composition concentration of 1×1013 VG/mL. In one embodiment, the delivery comprises a composition concentration of 2.1×1012 VG/mL.
The AAV particles may be used in combination with one or more other therapeutic, prophylactic, research or diagnostic agents. By “in combination with,” it is not intended to imply that the agents must be adminstered at the same time and/or formulated for delivery together, although these methods of delivery are within the scope of the present invention. Compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures. In general, each agent will be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that agent. In some embodiments, the present disclosure encompasses the delivery of pharmaceutical, prophylactic, research, or diagnostic compositions in combination with agents that may improve their bioavailability, reduce and/or modify their metabolism, inhibit their excretion, and/or modify their distribution within the body.
Expression of payloads from viral genomes may be determined using various methods known in the art such as, but not limited to immunochemistry (e.g., IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), affinity ELISA, ELISPOT, flow cytometry, immunocytology, surface plasmon resonance analysis, kinetic exclusion assay, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). BCA assay, immunoelectrophoresis. Western blot, SDS-PAGE, protein immunoprecipitation, and/or PCR.
The AAV particles, when formulated into a composition with a delivery agent as described herein, can exhibit an increase in bioavailability as compared to a composition lacking a delivery agent as described herein. As used herein, the term “bioavailability” refers to the systemic availability of a given amount of AAV particle or expressed payload administered to a mammal. Bioavailability can be assessed by measuring the area under the curve (AUC) or the maximum serum or plasma concentration (Cm) of the composition following. AUC is a determination of the area under the curve plotting the serum or plasma concentration of a compound (e.g., AAV particles or expressed payloads) along the ordinate (Y-axis) against time along the abscissa (X-axis). Generally, the AUC for a particular compound can be calculated using methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art and as described in G. S. Banker, Modern Pharmaceutics, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 72, Marcel Dekker, New York, Inc., 1996, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The Cmax value is the maximum concentration of the AAV particle or expressed payload achieved in the serum or plasma of a mammal following administration of the AAV particle to the mammal. The Cmax value of can be measured using methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The phrases “increasing bioavailability” or “improving the pharmacokinetics,” as used herein mean that the systemic availability of a first AAV particle or expressed payload, measured as AUC, Cmax, or Cmin in a mammal is greater, when co-administered with a delivery agent as described herein, than when such co-administration does not take place. In some embodiments, the bioavailability can increase by at least about 2%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%.
As used herein “therapeutic window” refers to the range of plasma concentrations, or the range of levels of therapeutically active substance at the site of action, with a high probability of eliciting a therapeutic effect. In some embodiments, the therapeutic window of the AAV particle as described herein can increase by at least about 2%, at least about 5%, at least about 100%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%.
As used herein, the term “volume of distribution” refers to the fluid volume that would be required to contain the total amount of the drug in the body at the same concentration as in the blood or plasma: Vdist equals the amount of drug in the body/concentration of drug in blood or plasma. For example, for a 10 mg dose and a plasma concentration of 10 mg/L, the volume of distribution would be 1 liter. The volume of distribution reflects the extent to which the drug is present in the extravascular tissue. A large volume of distribution reflects the tendency of a compound to bind to the tissue components compared with plasma protein binding. In a clinical setting, Vdist can be used to determine a loading dose to achieve a steady state concentration. In some embodiments, the volume of distribution of the AAV particles as described herein can decrease at least about 2%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%.
In one embodiment, the biological effect of the AAV particles delivered to the animals may be categorized by analyzing the payload expression in the animals. The payload expression may be determined from analyzing a biological sample collected from a mammal administered the AAV particles of the present invention. For example, a protein expression of 50-200 pg/ml for the protein encoded by the AAV particles delivered to the mammal may be seen as a therapeutically effective amount of protein in the mammal.
The present disclosure provides a method for treating a disease, disorder and/or condition in a mammalian subject, including a human subject, comprising administering to the subject any of the AAV particles described herein or administering to the subject any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, described herein.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are administered to a subject prophylactically.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are administered to a subject having at least one of the diseases described herein.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are administered to a subject to treat a disease or disorder described herein. The subject may have the disease or disorder or may be at-risk to developing the disease or disorder.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are part of an active immunization strategy to protect against diseases and disorders. In an active immunization strategy, a vaccine or AAV particles are administered to a subject to prevent an infectious disease by activating the subject's production of antibodies that can fight off invading bacteria or viruses.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are part of a passive immunization strategy. In a passive immunization strategy, antibodies against a particular infectious agent are given directly to the subject.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be used for passive immunotherapy of tauopathy, (e.g. Alzheimer Disease or Frontotemporal Dementia), as described in Liu et al, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety (Liu. W et al., 2016 J Neurosci 36(49):12425-12435). As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the present invention may encode a PHF1 antibody. Heavy and light chains of the PHF1 antibody may be linked by a Tav2A and/or Furin 2A linker sequence. Antibody expression may be under the control of a CAG promoter. The AAV particle may comprise, as a non-limiting example, an AAVrh.10 serotype capsid. Further, these PHF1 encoding AAV particles may be administered by bilateral intraparenchymal delivery directly to the hippocampus Such treatment with AAV-PHF1 may result in a 50-fold increase in antibody levels in the hippocampus as compared to antibody levels subsequent to systemic administration. Neuropathological tau species in the hippocampus may be reduced as much as 80-90% and hippocampal atrophy may be fully rescued after treatment with AAV particles of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be used to treat tauopathy as described in Ising et al, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety (Ising, C et al., 2017 J Exp Med April 17, Epub ahead of print). As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the present invention may encode an HJ8.5, HJ8.7, or Tau5 antibody or a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived therefrom. Heavy and light chains of the HJ8.5 antibody or scFv may be linked by variable length linker sequences and may be flexible glycine and/or serine linkers. The AAV particle may comprise, as a non-limiting example, an AAV2/8 serotype. Further, these HJ8.5, HJ8.7 or Tau5 encoding AAV particles may be administered by bilateral intracerebroventricular delivery. Such treatment with HJ8.5, HJ8.7 or Tau5 encoding AAV particles may result in a significant reduction in neuropathological tau species in the hippocampus.
Various infectious diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As used herein, the term “infectious disease” refers to any disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. As a non-limiting example, the infectious disease may be Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, 14-day measles. Acne, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA)-(late skin manifestation of latent Lyme disease), Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, Acute rhinosinusitis, Adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL), African Sleeping Sickness, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), Alveolar hydatid, Amebiasis, Amebic meningoencephalitis, Anaplasmosis, Anthrax, Arboviral or parainfectious, Ascariasis—(Roundworm infections), Aseptic meningitis, Athlete's foot (Tinea pedis), Australian tick typhus, Avian Influenza, Babesiosis, Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacterial meningitis, Bacterial vaginosis, Balanitis, Balantidiasis, Bang's disease, Barmah Forest virus infection, Bartonellosis (Verruga peruana; Carrion's disease; Oroya fever), Bat Lyssavirus Infection, Bay sore (Chiclero's ulcer), Baylisascaris infection (Racoon roundworm infection), Beaver fever, Beef tapeworm, Bejel (endemic syphilis), Biphasic meningoencephalitis, Black Bane, Black death, Black piedra, Blackwater Fever, Blastomycosis, Blennorrhea of the newborn, Blepharitis, Boils, Bornholm disease (pleurodynia), Borrelia miyamotoi Disease, Botulism, Boutonneuse fever, Brazilian purpuric fever, Break Bone fever, Brill, Bronchiolitis, Bronchitis, Brucellosis (Bang's disease), Bubonic plague, Bullous impetigo, Burkholderia mallei (Glanders), Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis), Buruli ulcers (also Mycoburuli ulcers). Busse, Busse-Buschke disease (Cryptococcosis), California group encephalitis, Campylobacteriosis, Candidiasis, Canefield fever (Canicola fever; 7-day fever; Weil's disease; leptospirosis: canefield fever). Canicola fever, Capillanasis, Carate. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacternaceae (CRE), Carbuncle, Carrion's disease, Cat Scratch fever, Cave disease, Central Asian hemorrhagic fever, Central European tick, Cervical cancer. Chagas disease, Chancroid (Soft chancre), Chicago disease, Chickenpox (Varicella), Chiclero's ulcer, Chikungunya fever, Chlamydial infection, Cholera, Chromoblastomycosis, Ciguatera, Clap, Clonorchiasis (Liver fluke infection), Clostridium Difficile Infection, ClostriDium Perfringens (Epsilon Toxin), Coccidioidomycosis fungal infection (Valley fever; desert rheumatism), Coenurosis, Colorado tick fever, Condyloma accuminata, Condyloma accuminata (Warts), Condyloma lata, Congo fever, Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Conjunctivitis, cowpox, Crabs, Crimean, Croup, Cryptococcosis, Cyptosporidiosis (Crypto), Cutaneous Larval Migrans, Cyclosporiasis, Cystic hydatid, Cysticercosis, Cystitis, Czechoslovak tick, D68 (EV-D68), Dacryocytitis, Dandy fever, Darling's Disease, Deer fly fever, Dengue fever (1, 2, 3, and 4), Desert rheumatism, Devil's grip. Diphasic milk fever, Diphtheria, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Dog tapeworm, Donovanosis, Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale), Dracontiasis. Dracunculosis, Duke's disease. Dum Dum Disease, Durand-Nicholas-Favre disease, Dwarf tapeworm, E. Coli infection (E. Coli), Eastern equine encephalitis, Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola virus disease EVD), Ectothrix, Ehrlichiosis (Sennetsu fever), Encephalitis, Endemic Relapsing fever, Endemic syphilis, Endophthalmitis, Endothrix, Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection), Enterotoxin-B Poisoning (Staph Food Poisoning), Enterovirus Infection, Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis, Epidemic Relapsing fever, Epidemic typhus, Epiglottitis, Erysipelis, Erysipeloid (Erysipelothricosis), Erythema chronicum migrans, Erythema infectiosum, Erythema marginatum, Erythema multiforme, Erythema nodosum, Erythema nodosum leprosun, Erythrasma, Espundia, Eumycotic mycetoma, European blastomycosis, Exanthem subitum (Sixth disease), Eyeworm, Far Eastern tick, Fascioliasis, Fievre boutonneuse (Tick typhus), Fifth Disease (erythema infectiosum), Filatow-Dukes' Disease (Scalded Skin Syndrome; Ritter's Disease), Fish tapeworm, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome—Perihepatitis, Flinders Island Spotted Fever, Flu (Influenza), Folliculitis, Four Corners Disease, Four Corners Disease (Human Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)), Frambesia, Francis disease, Furunculosis, Gas gangrene, Gastroenteritis, Genital Herpes, Genital Warts, German measles, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS), Giardiasis, Gilchrist's disease, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glanders, Glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis), Gnathostomiasis, Gonococcal Infection (Gonorrhea), Gonorrhea, Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis), Guinea Worm, Haemophilus Influenza disease, Hamburger disease, Hansen's disease—leprosy, Hantaan disease, Hantaan-Korean hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), Hard chancre, Hard measles, Haverhill fever—Rat bite fever, Head and Body Lice, Heartland fever, Helicobacterosis, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, Herpangina, Herpes—genital, Herpes labialis, Herpes—neonatal, Hidradenitis, Histoplasmosis, Histoplasmosis infection (Histoplasmosis), His-Wemer disease, HIV infection, Hookworm infections, Hordeola, Hordeola (Stye), HTLV, HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM), Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, Human Papillomarivus (HPV), Human Pulmonary Syndrome, Hydatid cyst, Hydrophobia, Impetigo, Including congenital (German Measles), Inclusion conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitis—Swimming Pool conjunctivitis—Pannus, Infantile diarrhea, Infectious Mononucleosis, Infectious myocarditis, Infectious pericarditis, Influenza, Isosporiasis, Israeli spotted fever, Japanese Encephalitis, Jock itch, Jorge Lobo disease—lobomycosis, Jungle yellow fever, Junin Argentinian hemorrhagic fever, Kala Azar, Kaposi's sarcoma, Keloidal blastomycosis, Keratoconjunctivitis, Kuru, Kyasanur forest disease, LaCrosse encephalitis, Lassa hemorrhagic fever, Legionellosis (Legionnaires Disease), Legionnaire's pneumonia, Lemierre's Syndrome (Postanginal septicemia), Lemming fever, Leprosy, Leptospirosis (Nanukayami fever; Weil's disease), Listeriosis (Listeria), Liver fluke infection, Lobo's mycosis, Lockjaw, Loiasis, Louping Ill, Ludwig's angina, Lung fluke infection, Lung fluke infection (Paragonimiasis), Lyme disease, Lvmphogranuloma venereum infection (LGV), Machupo Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Madura foot, Mal del pinto, Malaria, Malignant pustule, Malta fever, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Masters disease, Maternal Sepsis (Puerperal fever), Measles, Mediterranean spotted fever, Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease), Meningitis, Meningococcal Disease, MERS, Milker's nodule, Molluscum contagiosum, Moniliasis, monkeypox, Mononucleosis, Mononucleosis-like syndrome, Montezuma's Revenge, Morbilli, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection, Mucormycosis-Zygomycosis, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome or MODS, Multiple-system atrophy (MSA), Mumps, Murine typhus, Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE), Mycoburuli ulcers, Mycoburuli ulcers-Buruli ulcers, Mycotic vulvovaginitis, Myositis, Nanukayami fever, Necrotizing fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis—Type 1, Necrotizing fasciitis—Type 2, Negishi, New world spotted fever, Nocardiosis, Nongonococcal urethritis, Non-Polio (Non-Polio Enterovirus), Norovirus infection. North American blastomycosis, North Asian tick typhus, Norwalk virus infection, Norwegian itch, O'Hara disease, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Onchoceriasis, Onychomycosis, Opisthorchiasis, Opthalmia neonatoium, Oral hairy leukoplakia, Orf, Oriental Sore, Oriental Spotted Fever, Ornithosis (Parrot fever; Psittacosis), Oroya fever, Otitis externa, Otitis media, Pannus, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Paragonimiasis, Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning), Paronvchia (Whitlow), Parotitis, PCP pneumonia, Pediculosis, Peliosis hepatica, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Pertussis (also called Whooping cough), Phaeohyphomycosis, Pharyngoconjunctival fever, Piedra (White Piedra), Piedra(Black Piedra), Pigbel, Pink eye conjunctivitis, Pinta, Pinworm infection, Pitted Keratolysis, Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor), Plague; Bubonic, Pleurodynia, Pneumococcal Disease, Pneumocystosis, Pneumonia, Pneumonic (Plague), Polio or Poliomyelitis, Polycystic hydatid, Pontiac fever, Pork tapeworm, Posada-Wernicke disease, Postanginal septicemia, Powassan, Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy, Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis, Prostatitis, Pseudomembranous colitis, Psittacosis, Puerperal fever, Pustular Rash diseases (Small pox), Pyelonephritis, Pylephlebitis, Q-Fever, Quinsy, Quintana fever (5-day fever), Rabbit fever, Rabies, Racoon roundworm infection, Rat bite fever, Rat tapeworm, Reiter Syndrome, Relapsing fever, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, Rheumatic fever, Rhodotorulosis, Ricin Poisoning, Rickettsialpox, Rickettsiosis, Rift Valley Fever, Ringworm, Ritter's Disease, River Blindness, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rose Handler's disease (Sporotrichosis), Rose rash of infants, Roseola, Ross River fever, Rotavirus infection, Roundworm infections, Rubella, Rubeola, Russian spring, Salmonellosis gastroenteritis, San Joaquin Valley fever, Sao Paulo Encephalitis, Sao Paulo fever, SARS, Scabies Infestation (Scabies) (Norwegian itch), Scalded Skin Syndrome, Scarlet fever (Scarlatina), Schistosomiasis, Scombroid, Scrub typhus, Sennetsu fever, Sepsis (Septic shock), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC), Shigellosis gastroenteritis (Shigella), Shinbone fever, Shingles, Shipping fever, Siberian tick typhus, Sinusitis, Sixth disease, Slapped cheek disease, Sleeping sickness, Smallpox (Variola), Snail Fever, Soft chancre, Southern tick associated rash illness, Sparganosis, Spelunker's disease, Sporadic typhus, Sporotrichosis, Spotted fever, Spring, St. Louis encephalitis, Staphylococcal Food Poisoning, Staphylococcal Infection, Strep. throat, Streptococcal Disease, Streptococcal Toxic-Shock Syndrome, Strongyloiciasis, Stye, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE), Sudden Acute Respiratorv Syndrome, Sudden Rash, Swimmer's ear, Swimmer's Itch, Swimming Pool conjunctivitis, Sylvatic yellow fever, Syphilis, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), Taeniasis, Taiga encephalitis, Tanner's disease, Tapeworm infections, Temporal lobe encephalitis, Temporal lobe encephalitis, tetani (Lock Jaw), Tetanus Infection, Threadworm infections, Thrush, Tick, Tick typhus, Tinea barbae, Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea cruris, Tinea manuum, Tinea nigra, Tinea pedis, Tinea unguium, Tinea versicolor, Torulopsosis, Torulosis, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Toxoplasmosis, transmissible spongioform (CJD), Traveler's diarrhea, Trench fever 5, Trichinellosis, Trichomoniasis, Trichomycosis axillaris, Trichuriasis, Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP), Trypanosomiasis, Tuberculosis (TB), Tuberculousis, Tularemia, Typhoid Fever, Typhus fever, Ulcus molle, Undulant fever, Urban yellow fever, Urethritis, Vaginitis, Vaginosis, Vancomycin Intermediate (VISA), Vancomycm Resistant (VRSA), Varicella, Venezuelan Equine encephalitis, Verruga peruana, Vibrio cholerae (Cholera), Vibriosis (Vibrio), Vincent's disease or Trench mouth, Viral conjunctivitis, Viral Meningitis, Viral meningoencephalitis, Viral rash, Visceral Larval Migrans, Vomito negro, Vulvovaginitis, Warts, Waterhouse, Weil's disease, West Nile Fever, Western equine encephalitis, Whipple's disease, Whipworm infection, White Piedra, Whitlow, Whitmore's disease, Winter diarrhea, Wolhynia fever, Wool sorters' disease, Yaws, Yellow Fever, Yersinosis, Yersinosis (Yersinia), Zahorsky's disease, Zika virus disease, Zoster, Zygomycosis, John Cunningham Virus (JCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza virus, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Human Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella zoster virus, Coronaviruses, Poxviruses, Enterovirus 71, Rubella virus, Human papilloma virus, Streptococcus pneunoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Staphylocccus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Clostridium Tetani, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella paratussis, Mycobacterium, Francisella Tularensis, Toxoplasma gondii, Candida (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. lusitaniae), and/or any other infectious diseases, disorders, or syndromes.
Various toxins may be treated with the pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. Non-limited examples of toxins include Ricin, Bacillus anthracis, Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin, Botulinum toxins.
Various tropical diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. Non-limited examples of tropical diseases include Chikungunya fever, Dengue fever, Chagas disease, Rabies, Malaria, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis virus, and St Louis encephalitis virus.
Various foodborne illnesses and gastroenteritis may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. Non-limited examples of foodborne illnesses and gastroenteritis include Rotavirus, Norwalk virus (Norovirus), Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium difficile, Entamoeba histolytica, Helicobacter pyroli, Enterotoxin B of Staphylococcus aureus, Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis E, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Clostridium perfrmgens, and Salmonella.
Various infectious agents may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. Non-limited examples of infectious agents include adenoviruses, Anaplasma phagocytophilium, Ascaris lumbricoides, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacteroides sp, Barmah Forest virus, Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, beta-toxin of Clostridium perfringens, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia recurrentis, Borrelia sp., Butulinum toxin, Brucella sp., Burkholderia pseudomallei, California encephalitis virus, Campylobacter, Candida albicans, chikungunya virus, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Clonorchis sinensis, Clostridium difficile bacteria, Clostridium tetani, Colorado tick fever virus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Coxiella burnetii, coxsackie A, coxsackie B, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, Eastern Equine encephalitis virus, Ebola viruses, echovirus, Ehrlichia chaffeensis., Ehrlichia equi., Ehrlichia sp., Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobacter sp., Enterococcus feacalis, Enterovirus 71, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Flavivirus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Group B streptococcus, Haemophilus aegkptius, Haemophilus ducreyi, Haemophilus influenzae, hantavirus, Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human herpes virus 6, human herpes Virus 8, human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2, human T-cell leukemia viruses I and II, influenza viruses (A, B, C), Jamestown Canyon virus, Japanese encephalitis antigenic, Japanese encephalitis virus, John Cunningham virus, juninvirus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus (KSHV), Klebsiella granulomatis, Klebsiella sp., Kyasanur Forest Disease virus, La Crosse virus, Lassavirus, Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira interrogans, Listeria moncytogenes, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, lyssavirus, Machupovirus, Marburg virus, measles virus, MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Micrococcus sedentarius, Mobiluncus sp., Molluscipoxvirus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Morbilli-Rubeola virus, Mumpsvirus, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma sp, Nairovirus, Neissera gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Nocardia, Norwalk virus, norovirus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, papilloma virus, parainfluenza viruses 1-3, parapoxvirus, parvovirus B19, Peptostreptococccus sp., Plasmodium sp., polioviruses types I, II, and III, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Pseudomonas sp., rabies virus, respiratory syncytial virus, ricin toxin, Rickettsia australis, Rickettsia conori, Rickettsia honei, Rickettsia prowazekii, Ross River Virus, rotavirus, rubellavirus, Saint Louis encephalitis, Salmonella Typhi, Sarcoptes scabiei, SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Serratia sp., Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin, Shigella sp., Sin Nombre Virus, Snowshoe hare virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus group A-H, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Treponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum, Treponema pallidum var. carateum, Treponema pallidum var. endemicum, Tropheryma whippelii, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Varicella-Zoster virus, variola virus, Vibrio cholerae, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis, and Zika virus.
Various rare diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As used herein, the term “rare disease” refers to any disease that affects a small percentage of the population. As a non-limiting example, the rare disease may be Acrocephalosyndactylia, Acrodermatitis, Addison Disease, Adie Syndrome, Alagille Syndrome, Amylose, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Angelman Syndrome, Angiohmphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid, Asperger Syndrome, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, Barrett Esophagus, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Behcet Syndrome, Bloom Syndrome, Bowen's Disease, Brachial Plexus Neuropathies, Brown-Sequard Syndrome, Budd-Chiari Syndrome, Burkitt Lymphoma, Carcinoma 256, Walker, Caroli Disease, Charcot-Marne-Tooth Disease, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome, Chiari-Frommel Syndrome, Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, Craniofacial Dysostosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, Crohn Disease, Cushing Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, Dandy-Walker Syndrome, De Lange Syndrome, Dementia, Vascular, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, DiGeorge Syndrome, Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder, Duane Retraction Syndrome, Dupuytren Contracture, Ebstein Anomaly, Eisenmenger Complex, Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome, Encephalitis, Enchondromatosis, Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic, Facial Hemiatrophy, Factor XII Deficiency, Fanconi Anemia, Felty's Syndrome, Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic, Fox-Fordyce Disease, Friedreich Ataxia, Fusobacterium, Gardner Syndrome, Gaucher Disease, Gerstmann Syndrome, Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia, Glycogen Storage Disease Type I, Glycogen Storage Disease Type II, Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV, Glycogen Storage Disease Type V, Glycogen Storage Disease Type VII, Goldenhar Syndrome, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Hallermann's Syndrome, Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple, Hartnup Disease, Hepatolenticular Degeneration, Hepatolenticular Degeneration, Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy, Hirschsprung Disease, Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis, Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell, Hodgkin Disease, Homer Syndrome, Huntington Disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Hyperhidrosis, Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal, Hypopituitarism, Inappropriate ADH Syndrome, Intestinal Polyps, Isaacs Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome, Kluver-Bucy Syndrome, Korsakoff Syndrome, Lafora Disease, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, Langer-Giedion Syndrome, Leigh Disease, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Machado-Joseph Disease, Mallory-Weiss Syndrome, Marek Disease, Marfan Syndrome, Meckel Diverticulum, Meige Syndrome, Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, Meniere Disease, Mikulicz' Disease, Miller Fisher Syndrome, Mobius Syndrome, Moyamoya Disease, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, Mucopolysaccharidosis I, Mucopolysaccharidosis II, Mucopolysaccharidosis III, Mucopolysaccharidosis IV, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Narcolepsy, Neuroaxonal Dystrophies, Neuromyelitis Optica, Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses, Niemann-Pick Diseases, Noonan Syndrome, Optic Atrophies, Hereditary, Osteitis Deformans, Osteochondritis, Osteochondrodysplasias, Osteolysis, Essential, Paget Disease Extramammary, Paget's Disease, Mammary, Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative, Papillon-Lefevre Disease, Paralysis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pemphigus, Benign Familial, Penile Induration, Pericarditis, Constrictive, Peroxisomal Disorders, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Pick Disease of the Brain, Pierre Robin Syndrome, Pigmentation Disorders, Pityriasis Lichenoides, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Pupil Disorders, Rett Syndrome, Reye Syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome, Sandhoff Disease, Sarcoma, Ewing's, Schnitzler Syndrome, Sjogren's Syndrome, Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome, Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood, Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Sweating, Gustatory, Takayasu Arteritis, Tangier Disease, Tay-Sachs Disease, Thromboangitis Obliterans, Thyroiditis, Autoimmune, Tietze's Syndrome, Togaviridae Infections, Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome, Tourette Syndrome, Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome, Waardenburg's Syndrome, Wegener Granulomatosis, Weil Disease, Werner Syndrome, Williams Syndrome, Wilms Tumor, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Wolfram Syndrome, Wolman Disease, Zellweger Syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, and von Willebrand Diseases.
Various autoimmune diseases and autoimmune-related diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As used herein, the term “autoimmune disease” refers to a disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues. As a non-limiting example, the autoimmune disease may be Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Addison's disease, Agammaglobulinemia, Alopecia areata, Amyloidosis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Anti-GBM/Anti-TBM nephritis, Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Autoimmune angioedema, Autoimmune aplastic anemia, Autoimmune dysautonomia, Autoimmune hepatitis, Autoimmune hyperlipidemia, Autoimmune immunodeficiency, Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), Autoimmune myocarditis, Autoimmune oophoritis, Autoimmune pancreatitis, Autoimmune retinopathy, Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP), Autoimmune thyroid disease, Autoimmune urticaria, Axonal & neuronal neuropathies, Balo disease, Behcet's disease, Bullous pemphigoid, Cardiomyopathy, Castleman disease, Celiac disease, Chagas disease, Chronic fatigue syndrome**, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), Chronic recurrent multifocal ostomyelitis (CRMO), Churg-Strauss syndrome, Cicatricial pemphigoid/benign mucosal pemphigoid, Crohn's disease, Cogans syndrome, Cold agglutinin disease, Congenital heart block, Coxsackie myocarditis, CREST disease, Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, Demyelinating neuropathies, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Dermatomyositis, Devic's disease (neuromyelitis optica), Discoid lupus, Dressler's syndrome, Endometriosis, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Erythema nodosum, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Evans syndrome, Fibromyalgia**, Fibrosing alveolitis, Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis), Giant cell myocarditis, Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (formerly called Wegener's Granulomatosis), Graves' disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's encephalitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hemolytic anemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Herpes gestationis, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), IgA nephropathy, IgG4-related sclerosing disease, Immunoregulatory lipoproteins, Inclusion body myositis, Interstitial cysitis, Juvenile arthritis, Juvenile diabetes (Type 1 diabetes), Juvenile myositis, Kawasaki syndrome, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Lichen planus, Lichen sclerosus, Ligneous conjunctivitis, Linear IgA disease (LAD), Lupus (SLE), Lyme disease, chronic, Meniere's disease, Microscopic polyangiitis, Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Mooren's ulcer, Mucha-Habermann disease, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Myositis, Narcolepsy, Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's), Neutropenia, Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Optic neuritis, Palindromic rheumatism, PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus), Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), Parry Romberg syndrome, Parsonnage-Turner syndrome, Pars planitis (peripheral uveitis), Pemphigus, Peripheral neuropathy, Perivenous encephalonyelitis, Pernicious anemia, POEMS syndrome, Polyarteritis nodosa, Type I, II, & III autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Polymyositis, Postmyocardial infarction syndrome, Postpericardiotomy syndrome, Progesterone dermatitis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic arthritis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, Pure red cell aplasia, Raynauds phenomenon, Reactime Arthritis, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Reiter's syndrome, Relapsing polychondritis, Restless legs syndrome, Retropentoneal fibrosis, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Schmidt syndrome, Scleritis, Scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, Sperm & testicular autoimmunity, Stiff person syndrome, Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), Susac's syndrome, Sympathetic ophthalmia, Takayasu's artentis, Temporal arteritis/Giant cell arteritis, Thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, Transverse myelitis, Ulcerative colitis, Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), Uveitis, Vasculitis, Vesiculobullous dermatosis, Vitiligo. and Wegener's granulomatosis (now termed Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA).
Various kidney diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the kidney disease Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome (Nephropathic Cystinosis), Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, Acute Kidney Failure/Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Lobar Nephronia, Acute Phosphate Nephropathy, Acute Tubular Necrosis, Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency, Adenovirus Nephritis, Alport Syndrome, Amyloidosis, ANCA Vasculitis Related to Endocarditis and Other Infections, Angiomyolipoma, Analgesic Nephropathy, Anorexia Nervosa and Kidney Disease, Angiotensin Antibodies and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Anti-TNF-α Therapy-related Glomerulonephritis, APOL1 Mutations, Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome, Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy, Chinese Herbal Nephropathy, Balkan Endemic Nephropathy, Bartter Syndrome, Beeturia, β-Thalassemia Renal Disease, Bile Cast Nephropathy, BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy in the Native Kidney, Bladder Rupture. Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia, Bladder Tamponade, Border-Crossers' Nephropathy, Bourbon Virus and Acute Kidney Injury, Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting and Acute Renal Dysfunction, Byetta and Renal Failure, Clq Nephropathy, Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Acute Renal Failure, Cardiorenal syndrome, Carfilzomib-Indiced Renal Injury, CFHR5 nephropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with Glomerulopathy, Cherry Concentrate and Acute Kidney Injury, Cholesterol Emboli, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Chyluria, Colistin Nephrotoxicity, Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy, Collapsing Glomerulopathy, Collapsing Glomerulopathy Related to CMV, Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome, Conorenal syndrome (Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome or Saldino-Mainzer Disease), Contrast Nephropathy. Copper Sulpfate Intoxication, Cortical Necrosis, Crizotinib-related Acute Kidney Injury, Cryoglobuinemia, Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy, Crystal-Induced Acute Kidney injury, Cystic Kidney Disease, Acquired, Cystinuria, Dasatinib-Induced Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria, Dense Deposit Disease (MPGN Type 2), Dent Disease (X-linked Recessive Nephrolithiasis), Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome, Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease, Diabetes Insipidus, Dietary Supplements and Renal Failure, Drugs of Abuse and Kidney Disease, Duplicated Ureter, EAST syndrome, Ebola and the Kidney, Ectopic Kidney, Ectopic Ureter, Edema, Swelling, Erdheinm-Chester Disease, Fabry's Disease, Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia, Fanconi Syndrome, Fraser syndrome, Fibronectin Glomerulopathy, Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis and Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy, Fraley syndrome, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Sclerosis, Focal Glomerulosclerosis, Galloway Mowat syndrome, Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis with Kidney Involvement, Gestational Hypertension, Gitelman Syndrome, Glomerular Diseases, Glomerular Tubular Reflux, Glycosuria, Goodpasture Syndrome, Hair Dye Ingestion and Acute Kidney Injury, Hantavirus Infection Podocytopathy, Hematuria (Blood in Urine), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS), Hemophagocytic Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Cystitis, Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS, Hantavirus Renal Disease, Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Nephropathis Epidemica), Hemosiderosis related to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Hemolytic Anemia, Hepatic Glomerulopathy, Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease, Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome, Hepatitis C-Associated Renal Disease, Hepatorenal Syndrome, Herbal Supplements and Kidney Disease, High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease, HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN), Horseshoe Kidney (Renal Fusion), Hunner's Ulcer, Hyperaldosteronism, Hypercalcemia, Hyperkalemia, Hypermagnesemia, Hypernatremia, Hyperoxaluria, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypokalemia, Hypokalemia-induced renal dysfunction, Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis, Hypomagnesemia, Hyponatremia, Hypophosphatemia, IgA Nephropathy, IgG4 Nephropathy, Interstitial Cystitis, Painful Bladder Syndrome (Questionnaire), Interstitial Nephritis, Ivemark's syndrome, Ketamine-Associated Bladder Dysfunction, Kidney Stones, Nephrolithiasis, Kombucha Tea Toxicity, Lead Nephropathy and Lead-Related Nephrotoxicity, Leptospirosis Renal Disease, Light Chain Deposition Disease, Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease, Liddle Syndrome, Lightwood-Albright Syndrome, Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy, Lithium Nephrotoxicity, LMX1B Mutations Cause Hereditary FSGS, Loin Pain Hematuria, Lupus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Lupus Kidney Disease, Lupus Nephritis, Lupus Nephritis with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Seropositivity, Lyme Disease-Associated Glomerulonephritis, Malarial Nephropathy, Malignancy-Associated Renal Disease, Malignant Hypertension, Malakoplakia, Meatal Stenosis, Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease, Medullary Sponge Kidney, Megaureter, Melamine Toxicity and the Kidney, Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Membranous Nephropathy, MesoAmerican Nephropathy, Metabolic Acidosis, Metabolic Alkalosis, Methotrexate-related Renal Failure, Microscopic Polyangiitis, Milk-alkalai syndrome, Minimal Change Disease, MDMA (Molly; Ecstacy; 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and Kidney Failure, Multicystic dysplastic kidney, Multiple Myeloma, Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Glomerulopathy, Nail-patella Syndrome, Nephrocalcinosis, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis, Nephroptosis (Floating Kidney, Renal Ptosis), Nephrotic Syndrome, Neurogenic Bladder, Nodular Glomerulosclerosis, Non-Gonococcal Urethritis, Nutcracker syndrome, Orofaciodigital Syndrome, Orotic Aciduria, Orthostatic Hypotension, Orthostatic Proteinuria, Osmotic Diuresis, Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Page Kidney, Papillary Necrosis, Papillorenal Syndrome (Renal-Coloboma Syndrome, Isolated Renal Hypoplasia), Parvovirus B19 and the Kidney, The Peritoneal-Renal Syndrome, Posterior Urethral Valve, Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis, Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Posterior Urethral Valves, Preeclampsia, Propofol infusion syndrome, Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits (Nasr Disease), Propolis (Honeybee Resin) Related Renal Failure, Proteinuria (Protein in Urine), Pseudohyperaldosteronism, Pseudohypobicarbonatemia, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome, Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection), Pyonephrosis, Radiation Nephropathy, Ranolazine and the Kidney, Refeeding syndrome, Reflux Nephropathy, Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, Renal Abscess, Peripnephric Abscess, Renal Agenesis, Renal Arcuate Vein Microthrombi-Associated Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Artery Aneurysm, Renal Artery Stenosis, Renal Cell Cancer, Renal Cyst, Renal Hypouricemia with Exercise-induced Acute Renal Failure, Renal Infarction, Renal Osteodystrophy, Renal Tubular Acidosis, Renin Secreting Tumors (Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor), Reset Osmostat, Retrocaval Ureter, Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, Rhabdomyolysis, Rhabdomyolysis related to Bariatric Surgery, Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Renal Disease, Sarcoidosis Renal Disease, Salt Wasting, Renal and Cerebral, Schistosonuasis and Glomerular Disease, Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, Scleroderma Renal Crisis, Serpentine Fibula-Polycystic Kidney Syndrome, Exner Syndrome, Sickle Cell Nephropathy, Silica Exposure and Chronic Kidney Disease, Sri Lankan Farmers' Kidney Disease, Sjögren's Syndrome and Renal Disease, Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Acute Kidney Injury, Kidney Disease Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Kidney Disease Related to Stem Cell Transplantation, Thin Basement Membrane Disease, Benign Familial Hematuria, Trigonitis, Tuberculosis, Genitourinary, Tuberous Sclerosis, Tubular Dysgenesis, Immune Complex Tubulointerstitial Nephntis Due to Autoantibodies to the Proximal Tubule Brush Border, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Uremia, Uremic Optic Neuropathy, Ureteritis Cystica, Ureterocele, Urethral Caruncle, Urethral Stricture, Urinary Incontinence, Urinary Tract Infection, Urinary Tract Obstruction, Vesicointestinal Fistula, Vesicoureteral Reflux, Volatile Anesthetics and Acute Kidney injury, Von Hippel-Lindau Disease, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulmemic Glomerulonephritis, Warfarin-Related Nephropathy, Wasp Stings and Acute Kidney Injury, Wegener's Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, West Nile Virus and Chronic Kidney Disease, and Wunderlich syndrome.
Various cardiovascular diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the cardiovascular disease may be Ischemic heart disease also known as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease (Stroke), Peripheral vascular disease, Heart failure, Rheumatic heart disease, and Congenital heart disease.
Various antibody deficiencies may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the antibody deficiencies may be X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Autosomal Recessive Agammaglobulinemia (ARA), Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID), IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) Subclass Deficiency. Selective IgA Deficiency, Specific Antibody Deficiency (SAD). Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy, Antibody Deficiency with Normal or Elevated Immunoglobulins, Selective IgM Deficiency, Immunodeficiency with Thymoma (Good's Syndrome), Transcobalamin II Deficiency, Warts, Hypogammaglobulinenua, Infection, Myelokathexis (WHIM) Syndrome, Drug-Induced Antibody Deficiency, Kappa Chain Deficiency, Heavy Chain Deficiencies, Post-Meiotic Segregation (PMS2) Disorder, and Unspecified Hypoganmmaglobulinenua.
Various ocular diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, i.e. AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the ocular disease may be thyroid eye disease (TED), Graves' disease (GD) and orbitopathy, Retina Degeneration, Cataract, optic atrophy, macular degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis, retinal degeneration, cone-rod dystrophy, Usher syndrome, leopard syndrome, photophobia, and photoaversion.
Various neurological diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the neurological disease may be Absence of the Septum Pellucidum. Acid Lipase Disease, Acid Maltase Deficiency, Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Adie's Pupil, Adie's Syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum, Agnosia, Aicardi Syndrome, Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome Disorder, AIDS—Neurological Complications, Alexander Disease, Alpers' Disease, Alternating Hemiplegia, Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Anencephaly, Aneurysm, Angelman Syndrome, Angiomatosis, Anoxia, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Aphasia, Apraxia Arachnoid Cysts, Arachnoiditis, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Arteriovenous Malformation, Asperger Syndrome, Ataxia, Ataxia Telangiectasia, Ataxias and Cerebellar or Spinocerebellar Degeneration, Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autonomic Dysfunction, Back Pain, Barth Syndrome, Batten Disease, Becker's Myotonia, Behcet's Disease, Bell's Palsy, Benign Essential Blepharospasm, Benign Focal Amyotrophy, Benign Intracranial Hypertension, Bernhardt-Roth Syndrome, Binswanger's Disease, Blepharospasm, Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome, Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries, Brachial Plexus Injuries, Bradbury-Eggleston Syndrome, Brain and Spinal Tumors, Brain Aneurysm, Brain Injury, Brown-Sequard Syndrome, Bulbospinal Muscular Atrophy, Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Sub-cortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), Canavan Disease, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Causalgia, Cavemomas, Cavernous Angioma, Cavernous Malformation, Central Cervical Cord Syndrome, Central Cord Syndrome, Central Pain Syndrome, Central Pontine Myelinolysis, Cephalic Disorders, Ceramidase Deficiency, Cerebellar Degeneration, Cerebellar Hypoplasia, Cerebral Aneurysms, Cerebral Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral Atrophy, Cerebral Beriberi, Cerebral Cavernous Malformation, Cerebral Gigantism, Cerebral Hypoxia, Cerebral Palsy, Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome (COFS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Chiari Malformation, Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease, Chorea, Choreoacanthocytosis, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP), Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance, Chronic Pain, Cockayne Syndrome Type II, Coffin Lowry Syndrome, Colpocephaly, Coma, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Congenital Facial Diplegia, Congenital Myasthenia, Congenital Myopathy, Congenital Vascular Cavernous Malformations, Corticobasal Degeneration, Cranial Arteritis, Craniosynostosis, Cree encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Cushing's Syndrome, Cytomegalic Inclusion Body Disease, Cytomegalovirus Infection, Dancing Eyes-Dancing Feet Syndrome, Dandy-Walker Syndrome, Dawson Disease, De Morsier's Syndrome, Dejerine-Klumpke Palsy, Dementia Dementia—Multi-Infarct, Dementia—Semantic, Dementia—Subcortical, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Dentate Cerebellar Ataxia, Dentatorubral Atrophy, Dermatomyositis, Developmental Dyspraxia, Devic's Syndrome, Diabetic Neuropathy, Diffuse Sclerosis, Dravet Syndrome, Dysautonomia, Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, Dysphagia, Dyspraxia, Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica, Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Progressiva, Dystonias, Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy, Empty Sella Syndrome, Encephalitis, Encephalitis Lethargica, Encephaloceles, Encephalopathy, Encephalopathy (familial infantile), Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis, Epilepsy, Epileptic Hemiplegia, Erb's Palsy, Erb-Duchenne and Dejerine-Klumpke Palsies, Essential Tremor, Extrapontine Myelinolysis, Fabry Disease, Fahr's Syndrome, Fainting, Familial Dysautonomia, Familial Hemangioma, Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification, Familial Periodic Paralyses, Familial Spastic Paralysis, Farber's Disease, Febrile Seizures, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, Fisher Syndrome, Floppy Infant Syndrome, Foot Drop, Friedreich's Ataxia, Frontotemporal Dementia, Gaucher Disease, Generalized Gangliosidoses, Gerstmann's Syndrome, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease, Giant Axonal Neuropathy, Giant Cell Arteritis, Giant Cell Inclusion Disease, Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, Glycogen Storage Disease, Guillain-Barrd Syndrome, Hallervorden-Spatz Disease, Head Injury, Headache, Hemicrania Continua, Hemifacial Spasm, Hemiplegia Alterans, Hereditary Neuropathies, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, Heredopathia Atactica Polyneuritiformis, Herpes Zoster, Herpes Zoster Oticus, Hirayama Syndrome, Holmes-Adie syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy, Hughes Syndrome, Huntington's Disease, Hydranencephaly, Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus—Normal Pressure, Hydromyelia, Hypercortisolism, Hypersomnia, Hypertonia, Hypotonia, Hypoxia, Immune-Mediated Encephalomyelitis, Inclusion Body Myositis, Incontinentia Pigmenti, Infantile Hypotonia, Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, Infantile Phytanic Acid Storage Disease, Infantile Refsum Disease, Infantile Spasms, Inflammatory Myopathies, Iniencephaly, Intestinal Lipodystrophy, Intracranial Cysts, Intracranial Hypertension, Isaacs' Syndrome, Joubert Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Kennedy's Disease, Kinsbourne syndrome, Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS), Kluver-Bucy Syndrome, Korsakofrs Amnesic Syndrome, Krabbe Disease, Kugelberg-Welander Disease, Kuru, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment, Lateral Medullary Syndrome, Learning Disabilities, Leigh's Disease, Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Leukodystrophy, Levine-Critchley Syndrome, Lewy Body Dementia, Lipid Storage Diseases, Lipoid Proteinosis, Lissencephaly, Locked-In Syndrome, Lou Gehrig's Disease, Lupus—Neurological Sequelae, Lyme Disease—Neurological Complications, Machado-Joseph Disease, Macrencephaly, Megalencephaly, Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, Meningitis, Meningitis and Encephalitis, Menkes Disease, Meralgia Paresthetica, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Microcephaly, Migraine, Miller Fisher Syndrome, Mini Stroke, Mitochonduial Myopathy, Moebius Syndrome, Monomelic Amyotrophy, Motor Neuron Diseases, Moyamoya Disease, Mucolipidoses, Mucopolysaccharidoses, Multi-Infarct Dementia, Multifocal MotorNeuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple System Atrophy, Multiple System Atrophy with Orthostatic Hypotension, Muscular Dystrophy, Myasthenia—Congenital, Myasthenia Gravis, Myelinoclastic Diffuse Sclerosis, Myoclonic Encephalopathy of Infants, Myoclonus, Myopathy, Myopathy—Congenital, Myopathy-Thyrotoxic, Myotoma, Myotoma Congemta, Narcolepsy, Neuroaeanthocytosis, Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, Neurofibromatosis, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Neurological Complications of AIDS, Neurological Complications of Lyme Disease, Neurological Consequences of Cytomegalovirus Infection, Neurological Manifestations of Pompe Disease, Neurological Sequelae Of Lupus, Neuromyelitis Optica, Neuromyotonia, Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal Migration Disorders, Neuropathy—Hereditary, Neurosarcoidosis, Neurosyphilis, Neurotoxicity, Nevus Cavemosus, Niemann-Pick Disease, O'Sullivan-McLeod Syndrome, Occipital Neuralgia, Ohtahara Syndrome, Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy, Opsoclonus Myoclonus, Orthostatic Hypotension, Overuse Syndrome, Pain—Chronic, Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Paresthesia, Parkinson's Disease, Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis, Paroxysmal Hemicrania, Parry-Romberg, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pena Shokeir II Syndrome, Perineural Cysts, Periodic Paralyses, Peripheral Neuropathy, Periventricular Leukomalacia, Persistent Vegetative State, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Phytanic Acid Storage Disease, Pick's Disease, Pinched Nerve, Piriformis Syndrome, Pituitary Tumors, Polymyositis, Pompe Disease, Porencephaly, Post-Polio Syndrome, Postherpetic Neuralgia, Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis, Postural Hypotension, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Primary Dentatum Atrophy, Primary Lateral Sclerosis, Primary Progressive Aphasia, Prion Diseases, Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy, Progressive Locomotor Ataxia, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Sclerosing Poliodystrophy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Prosopagnosia, Pseudo-Torch syndrome, Pseudotoxoplasmosis syndrome, Pseudotumor Cerebri, Psychogenic Movement, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome I, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome II, Rasmussen's Encephalitis, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome, Refsum Disease, Refsum Disease—Infantile, Repetitive Motion Disorders, Repetitive Stress Injuries, Restless Legs Syndrome, Retrovirus-Associated Myelopathy, Rett Syndrome, Reye's Syndrome, Rheumatic Encephalitis, Riley-Day Syndrome, Sacral Nerve Root Cysts, Saint Vitus Dance, Salivary Gland Disease, Sandhoff Disease, Schilder's Disease, Schizencephaly, Seitelberger Disease, Seizure Disorder, Semantic Dementia, Septo-Optic Dysplasia, Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (SMEI), Shaken Baby Syndrome, Shingles, Shy-Drager Syndrome, Sjögren's Syndrome, Sleep Apnea, Sleeping Sickness, Sotos Syndrome, Spasticity, Spina Bifida, Spinal Cord Infarction, Spinal Cord Injury, Spinal Cord Tumors, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinocerebellar Atrophy, Spinocerebellar Degeneration, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome, Stiff-Person Syndrome, Striatonigral Degeneration, Stroke, Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy, Short-lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform (SUNCT) Headache, Swallowing Disorders, Sydenham Chorea, Syncope, Syphilitic Spinal Sclerosis, Syringohydromyelia, Syringomvelia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tabes Dorsalis, Tardive Dyskinesia, Tarlov Cysts, Tay-Sachs Disease, Temporal Arteritis, Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome, Thomsen's Myotonia, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Thyrotoxic Myopathy, Tic Douloureux, Todd's Paralysis, Tourette Syndrome, Transient Ischemic Attack, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Transverse Myelitis, Traumatic Brain Injury, Tremor, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Tropical Spastic Paraparesis, Troyer Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, Vascular Erectile Tumor, Vasculitis Syndromes of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, Von Economo's Disease, Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL), Von Recklinghausen's Disease, Wallenberg's Syndrome, Werdnig-Hoffman Disease, Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, West Syndrome, Whiplash, Whipple's Disease, Williams Syndrome, Wilson Disease, Wolman's Disease, X-Linked Spinal, and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy.
Various psychological disorders may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the psychological disorders may be Aboulia, Absence epilepsy, Acute stress Disorder, Adjustment Disorders, Adverse effects of medication NOS, Age related cognitive decline, Agoraphobia, Alcohol Addiction, Alzheimer's Disease, Amnesia (also known as Amnestic Disorder), Amphetamine Addiction, Anorexia Nervosa, Anterograde amnesia, Antisocial personality disorder (also known as Sociopathy), Anxiety Disorder (Also known as Generalized Anxiety Disorder), Anxiolytic related disorders, Asperger's Syndrome (now part of Autism Spectrum Disorder), Attention Deficit Disorder (Also known as ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Also known as ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (also known as Autism), Autophagia, Avoidant Personality Disorder, Barbiturate related disorders, Benzodiazepine related disorders, Bereavement, Bibliomania, Binge Eating Disorder, Bipolar disorder (also known as Manic Depression, includes Bipolar I and Bipolar II), Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Borderline intellectual functioning, Borderline Personality Disorder, Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder, Bruxism, Bulimia Nervosa, Caffeine Addiction, Cannabis Addiction, Catatonic disorder, Catatonic schizophrenia, Childhood amnesia, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (now part of Autism Spectrum Disorder), Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder (formerly known as Stuttering), Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Claustrophobia, Cocaine related disorders, Communication disorder, Conduct Disorder, Conversion Disorder, Cotard delusion, Cyclothymia (also known as Cyclothymic Disorder), Delerium, Delusional Disorder, dementia, Dependent Personality Disorder (also known as Asthenic Personality Disorder), Depersonalization disorder (now known as Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder), Depression (also known as Major Depressive Disorder), Depressive personality disorder, Derealization disorder (now known as Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder), Dermotillomania, Desynchronosis, Developmental coordination disorder, Diogenes Syndrome, Disorder of written expression, Dispareunia, Dissocial Personality Disorder, Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder), Down syndrome, Dyslexia, Dyspareunia, Dysthymia (now known as Persistent Depressive Disorder), Eating disorder NOS, Ekbom's Syndrome (Delusional Parasitosis), Emotionally unstable personality disorder, Encopresis, Enuresis (bedwetting), Erotomania, Exhibitionistic Disorder, Expressive language disorder, Factitious Disorder, Female Sexual Disorders, Fetishistic Disorder, Folie à deux, Fregoli delusion, Frotteuristic Disorder, Fugue State, Ganser syndrome, Gambling Addiction, Gender Dysphona (formerly known as Gender Identity Disorder), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, General adaptation syndrome, Grandiose delusions, Hallucinogen Addiction, Haltlose personality disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder, Primary hypersomnia, Huntington's Disease, Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, Hypochondriasis, Hypomama, Hyperkmetic syndrome, Hypersomnia, Hysteria, Impulse control disorder, Impulse control disorder NOS, Inhalant Addiction, Insomnia, Intellectual Development Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Joubert syndrome, Kleptomania, Korsakoff's syndrome, Lacunar amnesia, Language Disorder, Learning Disorders, Major Depression (also known as Major Depressive Disorder), major depressive disorder, Male Sexual Disorders, Malingering, Mathematics disorder, Medication-related disorder, Melancholia, Mental Retardation (now known as Intellectual Development Disorder), Misophonia, Morbid jealousy, Multiple Personality Disorder (now known as Dissociative Identity Disorder), Munchausen Syndrome, Munchausen by Proxy, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, Narcolepsy, Neglect of child, Neurocognitive Disorder (formerly known as Dementia), Neuroleptic-related disorder, Nightmare Disorder, Non Rapid Eye Movement, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (also known as Anankastic Personality Disorder), Oneirophrenia, Onychophagia, Opioid Addiction, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Orthorexia (ON), Pain disorder, Panic attacks, Panic Disorder, Paranoid Personality Disorder, Parkinson's Disease, Partner relational problem, Passive-aggressive personality disorder, Pathological gambling, Pedophilic Disorder, Perfectionism, Persecutory delusion, Persistent Depressive Disorder (also known as Dysthymia), Personality change due to a general medical condition, Personality disorder, Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), Phencyclidine related disorder, Phobic disorder, Phonological disorder, Physical abuse, Pica, Polysubstance related disorder, Postpartum Depression, Post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Premature ejaculation, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Psychogenic amnesia, Psychological factor affecting medical condition, Psychoneurotic personality disorder, Psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified, Pyromania, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Reading disorder, Recurrent brief depression, Relational disorder, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Restless Leg Syndrome, Retrograde amnesia, Retts Disorder (now part of Autism Spectrum Disorder), Rumination syndrome, Sadistic personality disorder, SchizoatTective Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform disorder, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Addiction, Selective Mutism, Self-defeating personality disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder. Sexual Disorders Female, Sexual Disorders Male, Sexual Addiction, Sexual Masochism Disorder, Sexual Sadism Disorder, Shared Psychotic Disorder, Sleep Arousal Disorders, Sleep Paralysis, Sleep Terror Disorder (now part of Nightmare Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Somatization Disorder, Specific Phobias, Stendhal syndrome, Stereotypic movement disorder, Stimulant Addiction, Stuttering (now known as Childhood Onset Fluency Disorder), Substance related disorder, Tardive dyskinesia, Tobacco Addiction, Tourettes Syndrome, Transient tic disorder, Transient global amnesia, Transvestic Disorder, Trichotillomania, Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder, Vaginismus, and Voyeuristic Disorder.
Various lung diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the lung diseases may be Asbestosis, Asthma, Bronchiectasis. Bronchitis, Chronic Cough, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Croup, Cystic Fibrosis, Hantavirus, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pertussis, Pleurisy, Pneumonia, Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary Hypertension, Sarcoidosis, Sleep Apnea, Spirometry, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), Tuberculosis, Alagille Syndrome, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Biliary Atresia, Cirrhosis, ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography), and Hemochromatosis. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Porphyria, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
Various bone diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the bone diseases may be osteoporosis, neurofibromatosis, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), rickets, osteosarcoma, achondroplasia, fracture, osteomyelitis, Ewing tumour of bone, osteomalacia, hip dysplasia, Paget disease of bone, marble bone disease, osteochondroma, bone cancer, bone disease, osteochondrosis, osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, cleidocranial dysostosis, osteoclastoma, bone cyst, metabolic bone disease, melorheostosis, callus, Caffev syndrome, and mandibulofacial dysostosis.
Various blood diseases may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the blood diseases may be Anemia and CKD (for health care professionals), Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Hemochromatosis, Hemophilia, Henoch-Schönlein Purpura, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Pemicious Anemia, Pulmonary Embolism, Sickle Cell Anemia, Sickle Cell Trait and Other Hemoglobnopathies, Thalassemia, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, and Von Willebrand Disease.
Various diseases associated with TNF-alpha may be treated with the pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the disease may be respiratory disorder; asthma; allergic and nonallergic asthma; asthma due to infection; asthma due to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); a condition involving airway inflammation; eosinophilia; fibrosis and excess mucus production; cystic fibrosis; pulmonary fibrosis; an atopic disorder; atopic dermatitis; urticana, eczema; allergic rhinitis; allergic enterogastritis; an inflammatory and/or autoimmune condition of the skin; an inflammatory and/or autoimmune condition of gastrointestinal organs, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; an inflammatory and/or autoimmune condition of the liver; liver cirrhosis; liver fibrosis; liver fibrosis caused by hepatitis B and/or C virus; scleroderma; tumors or cancers; hepatocellular carcinoma; glioblastoma; lymphoma; Hodgkin's lymphoma; a viral infection; a bacterial infection; a parasitic infection; HTLV-1 infection; suppression of expression of protective type 1 immune responses, and suppression of expression of a protective type 1 immune response during vaccination, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, septic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, asthma, allergic diseases, psoriasis, dermatitis scleroderma, graft versus host disease, organ transplant rejection, acute or chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Kawasaki's disease, Grave's disease, nephrotic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Henoch-Schoenlein purpurea, microscopic vasculitis of the kidneys, chronic active hepatitis, uveitis, septic shock, toxic shock syndrome, sepsis syndrome, cachexia, infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, primary biliary cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, malignancies, heart failure, myocardial infarction, Addison's disease, sporadic, polyglandular deficiency type I and polyglandular deficiency type II, Schmidt's syndrome, adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome, alopecia, alopecia greata, seronegative arthropathy, arthropathy, Reiter's disease, psoriatic arthropathy, ulcerative colitic arthropathy, enteropathic synovitis, chlamydia, yersinia and salmonella associated arthropathy, spondyloarthropathy, atheromatous disease/arteriosclerosis, atopic allergy, autoimmune bullous disease, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigoid, linear IgA disease, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Coombs positive haemolytic anaemia, acquired pernicious anaemia, juvenile pernicious anaemia, myalgic encephalitis/Royal Free Disease, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, giant cell arteritis, primary sclerosing hepatitis, cryptogenic autoimmune hepatitis. Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Related Diseases, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, common varied immunodeficiency (common variable hypoganmaglobulinaemia), dilated cardiomyopathy, female infertility, ovarian failure, premature ovarian failure, fibrotic lung disease, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, post-inflammatory interstitial lung disease, interstitial pneumonitis, connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease, mixed connective tissue disease associated lung disease, systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthiitis associated interstitial lung disease, systemic lupus erythematosus associated lung disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis associated lung disease, Sjögren's disease associated lung disease, ankylosing spondylitis associated lung disease, vasculitic diffuse lung disease, haemosiderosis associated lung disease, drug-induced interstitial lung disease, fibrosis, radiation fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphocytic infiltrative lung disease, postinfectious interstitial lung disease, gouty arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis, type-1 autoimmune hepatitis (classical autoimmune or lupoid hepatitis), type-2 autoimmune hepatitis (anti-LK-M antibody hepatitis), autoimmune mediated hypoglycaemia, type B insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans, hypoparathyroidisn, acute immune disease associated with organ transplantation, chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, osteoarthrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, psoriasis type 1, psoriasis type 2, idiopathic leucopaenia, autoimmune neutropaenia, renal disease NOS, glomerulonephritides, microscopic vasculitis of the kidneys, Lyme disease, discoid lupus erythematosus, male infertility idiopathic or NOS, sperm autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis (all subtypes), sympathetic ophthalmia, pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue disease, Goodpasture's syndrome, pulmonary manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa, acute rheumatic fever, rheumatoid spondylitis, Still's disease, systemic sclerosis, Sjörgren's syndrome, Takayasu's disease/arteritis, autoimmune thrombocytopaena, idiopathic thrombocytopaenia, autoimmune thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism, goitrous autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashinoto's disease), atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism, primary myxoedema, phacogenic uveitis, primary vasculitis, vitiligo acute liver disease, chronic liver diseases, alcoholic cirrhosis, alcohol-induced liver injury, choleostasis, idiosyncratic liver disease, drug-Induced hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, allergy and asthma, group B streptococci (GBS) infection, mental disorders (e.g., depression and schizophrenia), Th2 Type and Th1 Type mediated diseases, acute and chronic pain (different forms of pain), and cancers such as lung, breast, stomach, bladder, colon, pancreas, ovarian, prostate and rectal cancer and hematopoietic malignancies (leukemia and lymphoma) abetalipoproteinemia, acrocyanosis, acute and chronic parasitic or infectious processes, acute leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) acute or chronic bacterial infection, acute pancreatitis, acute renal failure, adenocarcinomas, aerial ectopic beats, AIDS dementia complex, alcohol-induced hepatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allograft rejection, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anemia, angina pectoris, anterior horn cell degeneration, anti-CD3 therapy, antiphospholipid syndrome, anti-receptor hypersensitivity reactions, aortic and peripheral aneurysms, aortic dissection, arterial hypertension, arteriosclerosis, arteriovenous fistula, ataxia, atrial fibrillation (sustained or paroxysmal), atrial flutter, atrioventricular block, B cell lymphoma, bone graft rejection, bone marrow transplant (BMT) rejection, bundle branch block, Burkitt's lymphoma, burns, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac stun syndrome, cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathy, cardiopulmonary bypass inflammation response, cartilage transplant rejection, cerebellar cortical degenerations, cerebellar disorders, chaotic or multifocal atrial tachycardia, chemotherapy associated disorders, chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), chronic alcoholism, chronic inflammatory pathologies, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic salicylate intoxication, colorectal carcinoma, congestive heart failure, conjunctivitis, contact dermatitis, corpulmonale, coronary artery disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, culture negative sepsis, cystic fibrosis, cytokine therapy associated disorders, dementia pugilistica, demyelinating diseases, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dermatitis, dermatologic conditions, diabetes, diabetes mellitus, diabetic arteriosclerotic disease, Diffuse Lewy body disease, dilated congestive cardiomyopathy, disorders of the basal ganglia, Down's Syndrome in middle age, drug-induced movement disorders induced by drugs which block CNS dopamine receptors, drug sensitivity, eczema, encephalomyelitis, endocarditis, endocrinopathy, epiglottitis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, erythromelalgia, extrapyramidal and cerebellar disorders, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, fetal thymus implant rejection, Friedreich's ataxia, functional peripheral arterial disorders, fungal sepsis, gas gangrene, gastric ulcer, glomerular nephritis, graft rejection of any organ or tissue, gram negative sepsis, gram positive sepsis, granulomas due to intracellular organisms, hairy cell leukemia, Hallervorden-Spatz disease. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hay fever, heart transplant rejection, hemochromatosis, hemodialysis, hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombolytic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhage, hepatitis (A), His bundle arrhythmias, HIV infection/HIV neuropathy, Hodgkin's disease, hyperkinetic movement disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hypertension, hypokinetic movement disorders, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis evaluation, idiopathic Addison's disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, antibody mediated cytotoxicity, asthenia, infantile spinal muscular atrophy, inflammation of the aorta, influenza, ionizing radiation exposure, iridocyclitis/uveitis/optic neuritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, ischemic stroke, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, Kaposi's sarcoma, kidney transplant rejection, legionella, leishmaniasis, leprosy, lesions of the corticospinal system, lipedema, liver transplant rejection, lymphedema, malaria, malignant lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, malignant melanoma, meningitis, meningococcemia, metabolic/idiopathic, migraine headache, mitochondrial multi-system disorder, mixed connective tissue disease, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, multiple systems degenerations (Menzel, Dejerine-Thomas, Shy-Drager, and Machado-Joseph), myasthenia gravis, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, myelodysplastic syndrome, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemic disorders, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neonatal chronic lung disease, nephritis, nephrosis, neurodegenerative diseases, neurogenic I muscular atrophies, neutropenic fever, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, occlusion of the abdominal aorta and its branches, occlusive arterial disorders, OKT3® therapy, orchitis/epidydimitis, orchitis/vasectomy reversal procedures, organomegaly, osteoporosis, pancreas transplant rejection, pancreatic carcinoma, paraneoplastic syndrome/hypercalcemia of malignancy, parathyroid transplant rejection, pelvic inflammatory disease, perennial rhinitis, pericardial disease, peripheral atherosclerotic disease, peripheral vascular disorders, peritonitis, pernicious anemia, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pneumonia, POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome), post perfusion syndrome, post pump syndrome, post-MI cardiotomy syndrome, preeclampsia, progressive supranucleo palsy, primary pulmonary hypertension, radiation therapy, Raynaud's phenomenon and disease, Raynaud's disease, Refsum's disease, regular narrow QRS tachycardia, renovascular hypertension, reperfusion injury, restrictive cardiomyopathy, sarcomas, scleroderma, senile chorea, senile dementia of Lewy body type, seronegative arthropathies, shock, sickle cell anemia, skin allograft rejection, skin changes syndrome, small bowel transplant rejection, solid tumors, specific arrhythmias, spinal ataxia, spinocerebellar degenerations, streptococcal myositis, structural lesions of the cerebellum, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, syncope, syphilis of the cardiovascular system, systemic anaphylaxis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, T-cell or FAB ALL, telangiectasia, thromboangiitis obliterans, thrombocytopenia, toxicity, transplants, trauma/hemorrhage, type III hypersensitivity reactions, type IV hypersensitivity, unstable angina, uremia, urosepsis, urticaria, valvular heart diseases, varicose veins, vasculitis, venous diseases, venous thrombosis, ventricular fibrillation, viral and fungal infections, viral encephalitis/aseptic meningitis, viral-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Wilson's disease, xenograft rejection of any organ or tissue, acute coronary syndromes, acute idiopathic polyneuritis, acute inflammatory demyelinating poly radiculoneuropathy, acute ischemia, adult Still's disease, alopecia areata, anaphylaxis, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, aplastic anemia, arteriosclerosis, atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune dermatitis, autoimmune disorder associated with streptococcus infection, autoimmune enteropathy, autoimmune hearing loss, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), autoimmune myocarditis, autoimmune premature ovarian failure, blepharitis, bronchiectasis, bullous pemphigoid, cardiovascular disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, celiac disease, cervical spondylosis, chronic ischemia, cicatricial pemphigoid, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with risk for multiple sclerosis, conjunctivitis, childhood onset psychiatric disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dacryocystitis, dermatomyositis, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, disk herniation, disk prolapse, drug induced immune hemolytic anemia, endocarditis, endometriosis, endophthalmitis, episcleritis, erythema multiforme, erythema multiforme major, gestational pemphigoid, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), hay fever, Hughes syndrome, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, IgE-mediated allergy, immune hemolytic anemia, inclusion body myositis, infectious ocular inflammatory disease, inflammatory demyelinating disease, inflammatory heart disease, inflammatory kidney disease, IPF/UIP, iritis, keratitis, keratojunctivitis sicca, Kussmaul disease or Kussmaul-Meier disease, Landry's paralysis, Langerhan's cell histiocytosis, livedo reticularis, macular degeneration, microscopic polyangitis, morbus bechterev, motor neuron disorders, mucous membrane pemphigoid, multiple organ failure, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplastic syndrome, myocarditis, nerve root disorders, neuropathy, non-A non-B hepatitis, optic neuritis, osteolysis, ovarian cancer, pauciarticular JRA, peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), phlebitis, polyarteritis nodosa (or periarteritis nodosa), polychondritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, poliosis, polyarticular JRA, polyendocrine deficiency syndrome, polymyositis, polymvalgia rheumatica (PMR), post-pump syndrome, primary Parkinsonism, prostate and rectal cancer and hematopoietic malignancies (leukemia and lymphoma), prostatitis, pure red cell aplasia, primary adrenal insufficiency, recurrent neuromynelitis optica, restenosis, rheumatic heart disease, sapho (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis), scleroderma, secondary amyloidosis, shock lung, scleritis, sciatica, secondary adrenal insufficiency, silicone associated connective tissue disease. Sneddon-Wilkinson dermatosis, spondylitis ankylosans, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), systemic inflammatory response syndrome, temporal arteritis, toxoplasmic retinitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, transverse myelitis. TRAPS (tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome), type I allergic reaction, type II diabetes, urticaria, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), vasculitis, vernal conjunctivitis, viral retinitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH syndrome), wet macular degeneration, wound healing, yersinia, or salmonella associated arthropathy.
Various receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) diseases may be treated with the pharmaceutical compositions. AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the disease may be Amy tropic Lateral Sclerosis. Brachial Plexus Injury. Brain Injury, including traumatic brain injury, Cerebral Palsy, Friedrich's Ataxia, Guillain Barre, Leukodystrophies, Multiple Sclerosis, Post Polio, Spina Bifida, Spinal Cord Injury, Spinal Muscle Atrophy, Spinal Tumors, Stroke, Transverse Myelitits, dementia, senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer-related dementia, Huntington's chorea, tardive dyskinesia, hyperkinesias, manias, Morbus Parkinson, steel-Richard syndrome, Down's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, nerve trauma, vascular amyloidosis, cerebral hemorrhage I with amyloidosis, brain inflammation, Friedrich's ataxia, acute confusion disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glaucoma. Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory diseases.
Various neurite degenerative diseases may be treated with the pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the disease may be multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Gaucher's disease, Hurler's syndrome. Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases, vitamin B12 deficiency, central pontine myelinolysis, tabes dorsalis, transverse myelitis, Devic's disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, optic neuritis, traumatic injury to the CNS, an ischemic cerebral stroke, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-dependent macular degeneration, and a leukodystrophy.
Various neurological diseases may be treated with the pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the disease may be Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Brachial Plexus Injury. Brain Injury, including traumatic brain injury, Cerebral Palsy, Guillain Barre, Leukodystrophies, Multiple Sclerosis, Post Polio, Spina Bifida. Spinal Cord Injury. Spinal Muscle Atrophy, Spinal Tumors, Stroke, Transverse Myelitis; dementia, senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer-related dementia, Huntington's chorea, tardive dyskinesia, hyperkinesias, manias, Morbus Parkinson, steel-Richard syndrome, Down's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, nerve trauma, vascular amyloidosis, cerebral hemorrhage I with amyloidosis, brain inflammation, acute confusion disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease.
Various cancers may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions, AAV particles, of the present invention. As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites and also refers to the pathological condition characterized by such malignant neoplastic growths. Cancers may be tumors or hematological malignancies, and include but are not limited to, all types of lymphomas/leukemias, carcinomas and sarcomas, such as those cancers or tumors found in the anus, bladder, bile duct, bone, brain, breast, cervix, colon/rectum, endometrium, esophagus, eye, gallbladder, head and neck, liver, kidney, larynx, lung, mediastinum (chest), mouth, ovaries, pancreas, penis, prostate, skin, small intestine, stomach, spinal marrow, tailbone, testicles, thyroid and uterus.
Types of carcinomas which may be treated with the AAV particles of the present invention include, but are not limited to, papilloma/carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, teratoma, adenoma/adenocarcinoma, melanoma, fibroma, lipoma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma, mesothelioma, angioma, osteoma, chondroma, glioma, lymphoma/leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, basal cell carcinoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.
Types of sarcomas which may be treated with the AAV particles of the present invention include, but are not limited to, soft tissue sarcoma such as alveolar soft part sarcoma, angiosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, desmoid tumor, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, hemangiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and Askin's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor), malignant hemangioendothelioma, malignant schwannoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma.
As a non-limiting example, the cancer which may be treated may be Acute granulocytic leukemia. Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia, Adenocarcinoma, Adenosarcoma, Adrenal cancer. Adrenocortical carcinoma, Anal cancer. Anaplastic astrocytoma, Angiosarcoma, Appendix cancer, Astrocytoma. Basal cell carcinoma. B-Cell lymphoma). Bile duct cancer. Bladder cancer, Bone cancer, Bowel cancer, Brain cancer, Brain stem glioma, Brain tumor, Breast cancer. Carcinoid tumors. Cervical cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma. Chondrosarcoma, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Colon cancer, Colorectal cancer, Craniopharyngioma, Cutaneous lymphoma. Cutaneous melanoma, Diffuse astrocytoma, Ductal carcinoma in situ. Endometrial cancer, Ependymoma, Epithelioid sarcoma, Esophageal cancer, Ewing sarcoma, Extrahepatic bile duct cancer, Eye cancer, Fallopian tube cancer, Fibrosarcoma. Gallbladder cancer, Gastric cancer, Gastrointestinal cancer. Gastrointestinal carcinoid cancer, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, General, Germ cell tumor, Glioblastoma multiforme, Glioma, Hairy cell leukemia. Head and neck cancer, Hemangioendothelioma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hypopharyngeal cancer, Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, Infiltrating lobular carcinoma, Inflammatory breast cancer, Intestinal Cancer, Intrahepatic bile duct cancer. Invasive/infiltrating breast cancer, Islet cell cancer, Jaw cancer, Kaposi sarcoma. Kidney cancer. Laryngeal cancer, Leiomyosarcoma, Leptomeningeal metastases, Leukemia, Lip cancer, Liposarcoma. Liver cancer, Lobular carcinoma in situ. Low-grade astrocytoma. Lung cancer. Lymph node cancer, Lymphoma. Male breast cancer, Medullary carcinoma. Medulloblastoma. Melanoma, Meningioma, Merkel cell carcinoma, Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Mesenchymous, Mesothelioma, Metastatic breast cancer. Metastatic melanoma, Metastatic squamous neck cancer, Mixed gliomas, Mouth cancer, Mucinous carcinoma. Mucosal melanoma. Multiple myeloma. Nasal cavity cancer, Nasopharyngeal cancer. Neck cancer, Neuroblastoma. Neuroendocrine tumors, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-small cell lung cancer. Oat cell cancer. Ocular cancer, Ocular melanoma, Oligodendroglioma, Oral cancer, Oral cavity cancer, Oropharyngeal cancer, Osteogenic sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Ovarian cancer. Ovarian epithelial cancer, Ovarian germ cell tumor. Ovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma, Ovarian sex cord stromal tumor, Paget's disease, Pancreatic cancer, Papillary carcinoma. Paranasal sinus cancer, Parathyroid cancer, Pelvic cancer, Penile cancer. Peripheral nerve cancer, Peritoneal cancer. Pharyngeal cancer, Pheochromocytoma. Pilocytic astrocytoma, Pineal region tumor. Pineoblastoma, Pituitary gland cancer, Primary central nervous system lymphoma, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer. Renal cell cancer, Renal pelvis cancer, Rhabdomyosarcoma. Salivary gland cancer. Sarcoma, Sarcoma, bone, Sarcoma, soft tissue, Sarcoma, uterine. Sinus cancer, Skin cancer, Small cell lung cancer, Small intestine cancer, Soft tissue sarcoma, Spinal cancer. Spinal column cancer. Spinal cord cancer, Spinal tumor, Squamous cell carcinoma. Stomach cancer, Synovial sarcoma. T-cell lymphoma), Testicular cancer. Throat cancer, Thymoma/thymic carcinoma, Thyroid cancer. Tongue cancer. Tonsil cancer, Transitional cell cancer. Transitional cell cancer. Transitional cell cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer. Tubal cancer, Tubular carcinoma. Ureteral cancer. Ureteral cancer, Urethral cancer, Uterine adenocarcinoma, Uterine cancer. Uterine sarcoma, Vaginal cancer, and Vulvar cancer.
The AAV particles of the present invention may be used for diagnostic purposes or as diagnostic tools for any of the aforementioned diseases or disorders. As non-limiting examples, the AAV particles of the present invention or the antibodies encoded within the viral genome therein may be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis. As a second non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the present invention or the antibodies encoded within the viral genome therein may be used for diagnostic imaging purposes. e.g., MRI, PET, CT or ultrasound.
The AAV particles of the present invention or the antibodies encoded by the viral genome therein may be used to prevent disease or stabilize the progression of disease. In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are used to as a prophylactic to prevent a disease or disorder in the future. In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention are used to halt further progression of a disease or disorder. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the invention may be used in a manner similar to that of a vaccine.
The AAV particles of the present invention or the antibodies encoded by the viral genome therein may also be used as research tools. The AAV particles of the invention may be used as in any research experiment, e.g., in vivo or in vitro experiments. In a non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the invention may be used in cultured cells. The cultured cells may be derived from any origin known to one with skill in the art, and may be as non-limiting examples, derived from a stable cell line, an animal model or a human patient or control subject. In a non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the invention may be used in in vivo experiments in animal models (i e, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, non-human primate, guinea pig, ferret, c-elegans, drosophila, zebrafish, or any other animal used for research purposes, known in the art). In another non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the invention may be used in human research experiments or human clinical trials.
The AAV particles of the invention may be used as a combination therapy with any other therapeutic molecule known in the art. The therapeutic molecule may be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or may be in clinical trial or at the preclinical research stage. The therapeutic molecule may utilize any therapeutic modality known in the art, with non-limiting examples including gene silencing or interference (i.e., miRNA, siRNA, RNAi, shRNA), gene editing (i.e., TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9 systems, zinc finger nucleases), and gene, protein or enzyme replacement.
The present disclosure additionally provides a method for treating neurological diseases and/or disorders in a mammalian subject, including a human subject, comprising administering to the subject any of the AAV particles of the invention. In some cases, neurological diseases and/or disorders treated according to methods described herein include indications involving irregular expression or aggregation of tau. Such indications may include, but are not limited to Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Down's syndrome, Pick's disease, Corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Prion diseases, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Multiple system atrophy, Tangle-only dementia, and Progressive subcortical gliosis.
In some embodiments, methods of treating neurological diseases and/or disorders in a subject in need thereof may comprise the steps of: (1) deriving, generating and/or selecting an anti-tau antibody, antibody-based composition or fragment thereof; (2) producing an AAV particle with a viral genome that includes a payload region encoding the selected antibody of (1); and (3) administering the AAV particle (or pharmaceutical composition thereof) to the subject.
The present disclosure provides a method for administering to a subject in need thereof, including a human subject, a therapeutically effective amount of the AAV particles of the invention to slow, stop or reverse disease progression. As a non-limiting example, disease progression may be measured by cognitive tests such as, but not limited to, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) or other similar diagnostic tool(s), known to those skilled in the art. As another non-limiting example, disease progression may be measured by change in the pathological features of the brain. CSF or other tissues of the subject, such as, but not limited to a decrease in levels of tau (either soluble or insoluble). In one embodiment levels of insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau are decreased. In one embodiment levels of soluble tau are decreased. In one embodiment both soluble and insoluble tau are decreased. In one embodiment, levels of insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau are increased. In one embodiment levels of soluble tau are increased. In one embodiment both insoluble and soluble tau levels are increased. In one embodiment, neurofibrillary tangles are decreased in size, number, density, or combination thereof. In another embodiment, neurofibrillary tangles are increased in size, number, density or combination thereof.
Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease currently afflicting more than 35 million people worldwide, with that number expected to double in coming decades Symptomatic treatments have been available for many years but these treatments do not address the underlying pathophysiology. Recent clinical trials using these and other treatments have largely failed and, to date, no known cure has been identified.
The AD brain is characterized by the presence of two forms of pathological aggregates, the extracellular plaques composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) comprised of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated protein tau. Based on early genetic findings, β-amyloid alterations were thought to initiate disease, with changes in tau considered downstream Thus, most clinical trials have been Aβ-centric. Although no mutations of the tau gene have been linked to AD, such alterations have been shown to result in a family of dementias known as tauopathies, demonstrating that changes in tau can contribute to neurodegenerative processes. Tau is normally a very soluble protein known to associate with microtubules based on the extent of its phosphorylation. Hyperphosphorylation of tau depresses its binding to microtubules and microtubule assembly activity. In tauopathies, the tau becomes hyperphosphorylated, misfolds and aggregates as NFT of paired helical filaments (PHF), twisted ribbons or straight filaments. In AD, NFT pathology, rather than plaque pathology, correlates more closely with neuropathological markers such as neuronal loss, synaptic deficits, severity of disease and cognitive decline. NFT pathology marches through the brain in a stereotyped manner and animal studies suggest a trans-cellular propagation mechanism along neuronal connections.
Several approaches have been proposed for therapeutically interfering with progression of tau pathology and preventing the subsequent molecular and cellular consequences. Given that NFT are composed of a hyperphosphorylated, misfolded and aggregated form of tau, interference at each of these stages has yielded the most avidly pursued set of targets. Introducing agents that limit phosphorylation, block misfolding or prevent aggregation have all generated promising results. Passive and active immunization with late stage anti-phospho-tau antibodies in mouse models have led to dramatic decreases in tau aggregation and improvements in cognitive parameters. It has also been suggested that introduction of anti-tau antibodies can prevent the trans-neuronal spread of tau pathology.
The vectored antibody delivery (VAD) of tau disease associated antibodies of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suffering from AD and other tauopathies. In some cases, methods of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suspected of developing AD or other tauopathies.
Although Alzheimer's disease is, in part, characterized by the presence of tau pathology, no known mutations in the tau gene have been causally linked to the disease. Mutations in the tau gene have been shown to lead to an autosomal dominantly inherited tauopathy known as frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) and demonstrate that alterations in tau can lead to neurodegenerative changes in the brain. Mutations in the tau gene that lead to FTDP-17 are thought to influence splicing patterns thereby leading to an elevated proportion of tau with four microtubule binding domains (rather than three). These molecules are considered to be more amyloidogenic, meaning they are more likely to become hyperphosphorylated and more likely to aggregate into NFT (Hutton. M. et al., 1998, Nature 393(6686):702-5). Although physically and behaviorally, FTDP-17 patients can appear quite similar to Alzheimer's disease patients, at autopsy FTDP-17 brains lack the prominent Aβ plaque pathology of an A) brain (Gotz, J. et al., 2012, British Journal of Pharmacology 165(5):1246-59). Therapeutically targeting the aggregates of tau protein may ameliorate and prevent degenerative changes in the brain and potentially lead to improved cognitive ability.
As of today, there is no treatment to prevent, slow the progression, or cure FTD. Medication may be prescribed to reduce aggressive, agitated or dangerous behavior. There remains a need for therapy affecting the underlying pathophysiology, such as antibody therapies targeting tau protein.
In some embodiments, the vectored antibody delivery of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suffering from FTDP-17. In some cases, methods of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suspected of developing FTDP-17
Unlike the genetically linked tauopathies, chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a degenerative tauopathy linked to repeated head injuries. The disease was first described in boxers whom behaved “punch drunk” and has since been identified primarily in athletes that play American football, ice hockey, wrestling and other contact sports. The brains of those suffering from CTE are characterized by distinctive patterns of brain atrophy accompanied by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated species of aggregated tau in NFT. In CTE, pathological changes in tau are accompanied by a number of other pathobiological processes, such as inflammation (Daneshvar, D. H. et al., 2015 Mol Cell Neurosci 66(Pt B): 81-90). Targeting the tau aggregates may provide reprieve from the progression of the disease and may allow cognitive improvement.
As of today, there is no medical therapy to treat or cure CTE The condition is only diagnosed after death, due to lack of in vivo techniques to identify CTE specific biomarkers. There remains a need for therapy affecting the underlying pathophysiology, such as antibody therapies targeting tau protein.
In some embodiments, the vectored antibody delivery methods of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suffering from CTE. In some cases, methods of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suspected of developing CTE.
Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of rare progressive conditions affecting the nervous system. The related conditions are rare and are typically caused by mutations in the PRNP gene which enables production of the prion protein. Gene mutations lead to an abnormally structured prion protein. Alternatively, the abnormal prion may be acquired by exposure from an outside source, e.g. by consumption of beef products containing the abnormal prion protein. Abnormal prions are misfolded, causing the brain tissue to degenerate rapidly. Prion diseases include, but are not limited to, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal insomnia (FFI), variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr), and kuru. Prion diseases are rare. Approximately 350 cases of prion diseases are diagnosed in the US annually.
CJD is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by problems with muscular coordination, personality changes including mental impairment, impaired vision, involuntary muscle jerks, weakness and eventually coma. The most common categories of CJD are sporadic, hereditary due to a genetic mutation, and acquired. Sporadic CJD is the most common form affecting people with no known risk factors for the disease. The acquired form of CJD is transmitted by exposure of the brain and nervous system tissue to the prion. As an example, variant CJD (vCDJ) is linked to a bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as a ‘mad cow’ disease. CJD is fatal and patients typically die within one year of diagnosis.
Prion diseases are associated with an infectious agent consisting of an alternative conformational isoform of the prion protein, PrPSc. PrPSc replication is considered to occur through an induction of the infectious prion in the normal prion protein (PrPC). The replication occurs without a nucleic acid.
As of today, there is no therapy to manage or cure CJD, or other prion diseases. Typically, treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms and increasing comfortability of the patient, e.g. with pain relievers. There remains a need for therapy affecting the underlying pathophysiology, such as antibody therapies targeting the prion protein.
In some embodiments, vectored antibody delivery methods of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suffering from a prion disease. In some cases, methods of the present invention may be used to treat subjects suspected of developing a prion disease.
Neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases of the nervous system share many common features. Neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, are a group of conditions characterized by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system(s) and are generally not able to reproduce and/or be replaced, and therefore neuron damage and/or death is especially devastating. Other, non-degenerating diseases that lead to neuronal cell loss, such as stroke, have similarly debilitating outcomes. Targeting molecules that contribute to the deteriorating cell structure or function may prove beneficial generally for treatment of nervous system diseases, neurodegenerative disease and/or stroke.
Certain molecules are believed to have inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth, contributing to the limited ability of the central nervous system to repair. Such molecules include, but are not limited to, myelin associated proteins, such as, but not limited to, RGM (Repulsive guidance molecule), NOGO (Neurite outgrowth inhibitor), NOGO receptor, MAG (myelin associated glycoprotein), and MAI (myelin associated inhibitor). In one embodiment, the vectored antibody delivery of the present invention is utilized to target the aforementioned antigens (e.g., neurite outgrowth inhibitors).
Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with aggregation of misfolded proteins, including, but not limited to, alpha synuclein, tau, amyloid β, prion proteins, TDP-43, and huntingtin (see, e.g. De Genst et al., 2014, Biochim Biophys Acta; 1844(11):1907-1919, and Yu et al., 2013. Neurotherapeutics; 10(3): 459-472, references therein). The aggregation results from disease-specific conversion of soluble proteins to an insoluble, highly ordered fibrillar deposit. This conversion is thought to prevent the proper disposal or degradation of the misfolded protein, thereby leading to further aggregation. Conditions associated with alpha synuclein and tau may be referred to as “synucleinopathies” and “tauopathies”, respectively. In one embodiment, the vectored antibody delivery of the present invention is utilized to target the aforementioned antigens (e.g., misfolded or aggregated proteins).
The AAV particles or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention useful in preventing or treating tauopathies or tau-associated diseases may alternatively, or in combination, encode an antibody that does not bind to the tau protein (e.g., the antigen is a polypeptide other than tau). Non-limiting examples of other target antigens include any of the following, including fragments or variants thereof, α-synuclein (monomers, oligomers, aggregates, fragments), ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 1), ABCA4 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 4), ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1), ACE (angiotensin I converting enzyme), ACKR1 (atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)), AMPA (DL-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid), ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), ACVR2A (Activin receptor type-2A), ACVR2B (Activin receptor type-2B), ADDL (Adducin-Like Protein 70), ADORA2A (adenosine A2a receptor), ADRA2A (adrenoceptor alpha 2A), AIFM1 (apoptosis-inducing factor), AKT1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase), ALK-1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1), Alpha beta fibril, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor). AMT (Aninomethyltransferase), Amyloid β (monomers, oligomers, aggregates, fragments), amyloid or amyloid-like proteins, ANGPTL3 (Angiopoietin-Like 3), ANGTP1 (angiopoitin 1), ANGTP2 (angiopoietin 2). ANK3 (ankyrin 3). ANKG (ank-yrin G). Annexin IV, phospholipid, Anx-A1 (annexin A1), APOE (apolipoprotem E). APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), ARSD (Arvisulfatase D), ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated serine/threonine kinase), ATXN1 (ataxin 1), ATXN2 (ataxin 2), ATXN3 (ataxin 3), ATXN7 (ataxin 7). B Lymphocyte Stimulator, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), beta A4 peptide/Alpha beta 4, beta A4 peptide, Alpha beta 5, bAlpha beta 6, Alpha beta 7, Alpha beta 8, Alpha beta 9, Beta-secretases (BACE), BRAF (B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, SerinevThreonine Kinase). Properdin (factor P). Factors Ba and Bb, C1, Cq (complement component 1, subcomponent q), C2. C3, C4, C3a C3b, C5, C5a C5b. C6, C7, C8, C9 and C5b-9 (complement components), CAIX (Carbonic anhy drase IX), CA 125 (cancer antigen 125), CACNAIA (calcium channel voltage-dependent P/Q type alpha 1A subunit), cadherins, CA-IX (carbonic anhy drase 9), CALCA (calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha). CCKBR (cholecystokiun B receptor). CCL11 (eotaxn-1). CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2), CD11 (integrin alpha component), CD147 (basigin), CD154 (CD40L), CD19 (Cluster of Differentiation 19), CD2 (ciuster of differentiation 2), CD20 (B-lymphocyte antigen), CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), CD22 (cluster of differentiation 22), CD221 (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor), CD248 (Endosialin), CD26 (Dipeptidyl peptidase-4), CD27 (antigen precursor), CD274 (cluster of differentiation 274), CD28 (Cluster of DitTerentiation 28), CD29 (Integrin, Beta 1), CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3), CD30 (cluster of differentiation 30), CD31 (cluster of differentiation 31), CD33 (cluster of differentiation 33), CD37 (Leukocyte antigen), CD38 (c clic ADP ribose hydrolase), CD3E (T-Cell Surface Antigen T3/Leu-4 Epsilon Cham). CD4 (T-Cell Surface Antigen T44Leu-3), CD40 (CD40 Molecule. TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 5), CD41 (Integrin. Alpha 2b (Platelet Glycoprotein IIb Of IIb/IIIa Complex, Antigen (CD41)), CD44 (cluster of differentiation 44), CD51 (integrin alpha 1), CD52 (Human Epididymis-Specific Protein 5), CD55 (Decay Accelerating Factor For Complement (Cromer Blood Group)), CD58 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3), CD59 (MAC-inhibitory protein), CD6 (cluster of differentiation 6), CD70 (cluster of differentiation 70, ligand for CD27), CD74 (HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain), CD79B (immunoglobulin-associated beta), CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen), CFHR1 (Complement Factor H-Related 1). CGRP (Calcitonin gene-related peptide), CHMP2B (charged multivesicular body protein 2B), CHRNA4 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (neuronal)), CHRNB2 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 (neuronal)). CISD2 (CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2). CLEC16A (C-type lectin domain family 16 member A). CLRN 1 (clarin 1). CNRI (cannabinoid receptor 1). CNTNAP2 (contactin associated protein-like 2), COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase), CRBI (crumbs family member 1, photoreceptor morphogenesis associated). CRX (cone-rod homeobox), CRY (crystallin), CSFIR (Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor), CSF2 (Colony Stimulating Factor 2 (Granulocyte-Macrophage)), CSF2RA (Colony Stimulating Factor 2 Receptor, Alpha, Low-Affinity), CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4), CXC (chemokine receptor type 4), CXCL 10 (Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10). DDC (dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)), DIABLO (lAP-Binding Mitochondrial Protein), differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), DISCl (disrupted in schizophrenia 1), DLL3 (Delta-Like 3 (Drosophila)), DLL4 (Delta-Like 4 (Drosophila)). DPP4 (dipeptyl-peptidase 4). DPP6 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 6), DR6 (Death receptor 6). DRD1 (dopanmne receptor D1), DRD2 (dopamine receptor D2), DRD4 (dopamine receptor D4), DRD5 (dopamine receptor 5), DRD5 (dopamine receptor D5), DTNBPI (dystrobrevin binding protein 1), EAGI (Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channel 1). EDB (fibronectn extra domain-B), EDNRA (endothelin receptor type A), EFNA 1 (Ephrin-A1), EGFL7 (EGF-Like-Doman, Multiple 7), EGFR/ERBBL/HER1 (epidermal growth factor receptor 1), EN2 (Engrailed Homeobox 2), EPCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule). EPHA3 (EPH Receptor A3), episialin (a carcinoma-associated mucin, MUC-1), ERBB2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2). ERBB3 (epidermal growth factor receptor 3). ESRI (estrogen receptor 1). F3 (coagulation factor III), F9 (human factor 9), F10 (human factor 10), FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase), Factor D C3 proactivator convertase), humanized IgG1, humanized IgG2. FAP (Fibroblast Activation Protein. Alpha), FBN2 (fibrillin 2), FBP (Folate-binding protein). FeyRIB (Fc receptor gamma B), FcγRIIIA (Fc receptor gamma A), FLT1 (Fms-Related Tyrosine Kinase 1), FOLRI (folate receptor alpha), Frizzled receptor, FXN (frataxin), FUS-TLS (RNA binding protein), G protein-coupled, GAA (glucosidase alpha acid), Gc-globulin (Vitamin D binding protein), Gangliosides, GD2 (ganglioside G2), GD3 (ganglioside g3), GM2 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside 2) (GDF-8 (myostatin), GDNF (glial cell derived neurotrophic factor), GDNF (glial cell derived neurotrophic factor). GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), GFRo.3 (GDNF family receptor alpha-3), ghrelin, GITI (G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting ArfGAP 1). GJA (Gap junction protein), GLDC Glycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating), glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB), gpA33 (Glycoprotein A33 (Transmembrane)). GPC3 (glypican 3), GRIN2B (glutamate receptor ionotropic N-methyl D-aspartate 2B), GRN (granulin), GDF8 (growth differentiation factor 8). GTPases (guanosine triphosphate), GSTPI (glutathione S-transferase pi 1). GUCAIA (guanylate cyclase activator 1A (retina), GUCY2C (anti-GCC). HMCN1 (hemicentin 1), HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor), HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1, HINT1 (histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1), HIST3-13 (Histone 1-13), histone, HLA-DQB1 (major histocompatibility complex class II DQ beta 1), HLA-DR (MHC class II cell surface receptor), HLA-DRBI (major histocompatibility complex class 11 DR beta 1), hNav1.7 (sodium ion channel), HTR1A (5-hydroxytrvptamine (serotonin) receptor 1 A G protein-coupled), HTR2A (5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, HTR2A (5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A G protein-coupled), HTT (huntingtin), IAP-binding mitochondrial protein, IFNAR1 (Interferon (Alpha, Beta And Omega) Receptor 1), IFNB1 (interferon beta 1 fibroblast), IFN-7 (Interferon gamma). IGF-1 receptor, IGFIR (nsulin-like growth factor 1 receptor), IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor 1), IGG1 (immunoglobulin subclass 1), IgG2 (immunoglobulin subclass 2), IgG4 (immunoglobulin subclass 4), IGHE (Immunoglobulin I-eavy Constant Epsilon). IL 1B (interleukin 1 beta), IL12 (interleukin 12). IL12B (interleukin 12B), IL13 (interleukin 13). IL17A (interleukin 17A), IL17F (interleukin 17F), ILIA (interleukin 1A), ILIB (interleukin 1 beta), IL1-Ri (Interleukin 1 receptor, type I). IL20 (Interleukin 20), IL23A (interleukin 23A), IL-23p19 subunit (interleukin 23 subunit p19), IL2RA (interleukin 2 receptor alpha), IL4R (interleukin 4 receptor alpha. IL6 (interleukin 6), IL6R (interleukin 6 receptor). IL7R (interleukin 7 receptor), ILGF2 (insulin like growth factor 2), INS (insulin), Integrin α5β1, Integrin αVβ3, integrin αIIbβ3/GPIIb/IIIa, IP6K2 (inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2), ITGA4 (Integrin, Alpha 4 (Antigen CD49D, Alpha 4 Subunit Of VLA-4 Receptor)), ITGB7 (Integrin, Alpha 7 (Antigen CD49D, Alpha 4 Subunit Of VLA-7 Receptor)), ITGAL (integrin alpha L chain). ITGAV ((Vitronectin Receptor. Alpha Polypeptide. Antigen CD51), ITGB3 (integrin alpha-V/beta-3). KCNQ2 (potassium channel voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q member 2). KDR (Kinase Insert Domain Receptor), KIR2D (killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 2D subtype), KLRCI (Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C, Member 1). LAG-3 (Lymphocyte-activation gene 3). Le (y) (Lewis y) antigen, LINGO (Leucine rich repeat and Immunoglobin-like domain-containing protein 1), LOXL2 (Lyssyl oxidase homolog 2), LPG (lysophosphatidylglucoside), LPS (Lipopolysaccharides). LRPI (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1). LRRC6 (Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 6), LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), LTA (Lymphotoxin Alpha), MAF (maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog), MAG (Myelm Associated Glycoprotein), MAI (myelin associated inhibitor). MAOB (monoamine oxidase B), MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau), MBP (myeln basic protein), MCAF (monocyte chemotactic and activating factor), MCP-1 (Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MBL (mannose binding lectin), mannose, MET (Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Met). MIF (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Glycosylation-Inhibiting Factor), MS4A1 (Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains, Subfamily A. Member 1). MSLN (Mesothelhn), MSTI R (Macrophage Stimulating 1 Receptor), MSTN (myostatin), MUCI/Episialin, MUC5AC (Mucin 5AC, Oligomeric Mucus/Gel-Forming), mucin CanAg (glycoform MUC-1), Mucins, nostatin, myostatin antagonists. N-acetyl glucosamme, NCAM1 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1). NeuSGc/NGNA (Neurogenin A), neuregulin (NRG), neurokinin B, NGF (Nerve growth factor), NMDA (N-metbyl-D-aspartate), NOGO (Neurite outgrowth inhibitor). NOGO receptor-1, Nogo-66, NOGOA/NiG (Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitory Fragments of NOGOA), Notch receptor, NOTCH-1 (Notch homolog 1, translocation-associated (Drosophila)), NRGI (neuregulin 1). NRPI (Neuropilin 1), NT-3 trkC ligand, N-terminal region of Aβ8-x peptide, OGGI (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase), oligomers of N-terminal truncated Aβ, OPA2 (Optic Atrophy 2), OPA3 (Optic Atrophy 3), oxLDL (Oxidized low-density lipoprotemn), P75 (Low-afinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor), PAND1 9Panic disorder 1), PAND2 (Panic disorder 2), PAND3 9Panic disorder 3). PARK2 (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase). PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1), PD-2 (Programmed cell death protein 2), PD-3 (Programmed cell death protein 3), PD-4 (Programmed cell death protein 4). PD-5 (Programmed cell death protein 5), PD-6 (Programmed cell death protein 6), PD-7 (Programmed cell death protein 7), PD-8 (Programmed cell death protein 8), PDGFRA (Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha), PDGFRB (Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta), PD-LI (Programmed cell death protein 1 ligand), PEX7 (Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 7), PHOBS (phobia specific), PhosphatidyL-serine, chimeric IgG1, Phosphatide L-serine, Chimeric IgG2, PINK1 (PTEN induced putative kinase 1), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta PDGFRB, PLAU (plasminogen activator urokinase), PLP (protelopid protein), PMP22 (peripheral myelin protein 22), POLG (polymerase (DNA directed) gamma), PRDM16 (PR domain containing 16). Prion proteins. PrP, PrPC, PrPSc. PRKCG (protein kinase C gamma), PSEN1 (presenilin 1). PSEN2 (presenilin 2). PSMA (Prostate-specific membrane antigen). PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)), PTPN11 (Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11), PVRL4 (Poliovirus Receptor-Related 4), PVRL5 (Poliovirus Receptor-Related 5), pyroglutamated A β, RAf1 (proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase), RAGE protein, RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand), RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1), RDh12 (retinol dehydrogenase 12 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)), RGM A (Repulsive guidance molecule A), RHD (Rh blood group, D antigen), RHO (rhodopsin), RPE65 (retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa). RTN4 (Reticulon-4, NOGO), S100B (calcium-binding protein B). S1P4 (Type 4 sphingosine 1-phosphate G protein-coupled receptor), SCN1A (Sodium Channel, Voltage Gated, Type I Alpha Subunit), SDCl (Syndecan 1), selectin P, SHANK3 (SH3 And Multiple Ankyrin Repeat Domains 3), SLAMF7 (SLAM Family Member 7), SLC18A2 (solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine transporter, member 2), SLC1A2 (solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter, member 2), SLC34A2 (Solute Carrier Family 34 (Type II Sodium/Phosphate Cotransporner), SLC6A3 (solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter) member 3), SLC6A4 (Solute Carrier Family 6 (Neurotransmitter Transporter). SMN1 (survival of motor neuron 1 telomeric). SMN2 (surnival of motor neuron 2 centromernc), SNCA (synuclein alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)), SNCA (synuclem alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor), SNCB (synuclein beta). SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1 soluble). SOST (Sclerostin), sphingosine-1-phosphate. SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1). STEAPI (Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen Of The Prostate 1), SULF2 (Sulfatase 2). TACRI (tachykinin receptor 1). TAG-72 (Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72), TARDBP (TAR DNA binding protein), tau antigen, tau protein, tau pS422. TDP-43, tenascin, tenascin C. TFPI (Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (Lipoprotein-Associated Coagulation Inhibitor)). TGF beta (Transforming growth factor beta), TH (Tyrosine hydroxylase), TkrC (Tropomnyosin receptor kinase C), TMEFF2 (Transmembrane Protein With EGF-Like And Two Follistatin-Like Domains 2), TMEFF3 (Transmembrane Protein With EGF-Like And Two Follistatin-Like Domains 3), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), TNFa (tumor necrosis factor alpha), TNFRSF10B (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 10b). TNFRSFI2A (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 12A). TNFRSF8 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 8), TNFRSF9 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9), TNFSF11 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 11), TNFSF13B (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily. Member 13b). TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha)), TNNT2 (troponin T type 2). TOR 1A (torsin family 1 member A (torsin A)). TPBG (Trophoblast Glycoprotein), TPI-12 (trvptophan hydroxylase 2), TRAILR1 (Death receptor 4). TRAILR2 (Death receptor 5). TrkA (Tropomyosin receptor kinase A), TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily V, Member 4), TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis 2). TULP1 (tubby like protein 1), tumor necrosis factor related protein 5, tumor specific glycosylation of MUC1, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, tumor protein p53, TYRPI (glycoprotem 75). UCHl1 (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (ubiquitin thiolesterase)), UNC-13A (unc-13 homolog A), USH1C (Usher Syndrome 1C), USH2A (Usher Syndrome 2A (Autosomal Recessive, Mild). VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), VEGF A (Vascular endothelial growth factor A), C5, Factor P. Factor D. EPO (Erythropoietin), EPOR (EPO receptor), Interleukins, IL-1β, IL-17A, Il-10, TNFα, FGFR2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2), VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor), VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2), vimentin, voltage gated ion channels, VWF (Von Willebrand Factor), WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin)), and YES1 (Yamaguchi Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1).
In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention, useful in treating a tauopathy or tau-associated disease, targets an antigen considered to be part of the immune system (i.e., target antigens commonly associated with treatment of cancers or autoimmune diseases).
In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention, useful in treating a tauopathy or tau-associated disease, targets an antigen considered to be part of the inflammatory system (i.e., target antigens commonly associated with treatment of inflammatory diseases).
In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention, useful in treating a tauopathy or tau-associated disease, targets an antigen considered to be part of the cell-death signaling cascade.
In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention, useful in treating a tauopathy or tau-associated disease, targets an antigen considered to be a neuroprotective agent.
AAV Particles and methods of using the AAV particles described in the present invention may be used to prevent, manage and/or treat tauopathies or tau associated disease. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles of the present invention comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one of the sequences described in Table 3 or Table 4 (SEQ ID NO: 2948-4269 and 4276-4320).
In one embodiment, the invention provides a variety of kits for conveniently and/or effectively carrying out methods of the present invention. Typically, kits will comprise sufficient amounts and/or numbers of components to allow a user to perform multiple treatments of a subject(s) and/or to perform multiple experiments.
Any of the AAV particles of the present invention may be comprised in a kit. In some embodiments, kits may further include reagents and/or instructions for creating and/or synthesizing compounds and/or compositions of the present invention. In some embodiments, kits may also include one or more buffers. In some embodiments, kits of the invention may include components for making protein or nucleic acid arrays or libraries and thus, may include, for example, solid supports.
In some embodiments, kit components may be packaged either in aqueous media or in lyophilized form. The container means of the kits will generally include at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other container means, into which a component may be placed, and preferably, suitably aliquoted. Where there is more than one kit component, (labeling reagent and label may be packaged together), kits may also generally contain second, third or other additional containers into which additional components may be separately placed. In some embodiments, kits may also comprise second container means for containing sterile, pharmaceutically acceptable buffers and/or other diluents. In some embodiments, various combinations of components may be comprised in one or more vial. Kits of the present invention may also typically include means for containing compounds and/or compositions of the present invention. e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and any other reagent containers in close confinement for commercial sale. Such containers may include injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which desired vials are retained.
In some embodiments, kit components are provided in one and/or more liquid solutions. In some embodiments, liquid solutions are aqueous solutions, with sterile aqueous solutions being particularly preferred. In some embodiments, kit components may be provided as dried powder(s) When reagents and/or components are provided as dry powders, such powders may be reconstituted by the addition of suitable volumes of solvent. In some embodiments, it is envisioned that solvents may also be provided in another container means. In some embodiments, labeling dyes are provided as dried powders. In some embodiments, it is contemplated that 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 micrograms or at least or at most those amounts of dried dye are provided in kits of the invention. In such embodiments, dye may then be resuspended in any suitable solvent, such as DMSO.
In some embodiments, kits may include instructions for employing kit components as well the use of any other reagent not included in the kit. Instructions may include variations that may be implemented.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may delivered to a subject using a device to deliver the AAV particles and a head fixation assembly. The head fixation assembly may be, but is not limited to, any of the head fixation assemblies sold by MRI interventions. As a non-limiting example, the head fixation assembly may be any of the assemblies described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,099,150, 8,548,569, and 9,031,636 and International Patent Publication Nos. WO201108495 and WO2014014585, the contents of each of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. A head fixation assembly may be used in combination with an MRI compatible drill such as, but not limited to, the MRI compatible drills described in International Patent Publication No. WO2013181008 and US Patent Publication No. US20130325012, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using a method, system and/or computer program for positioning apparatus to a target point on a subject to deliver the AAV particles. As a non-limiting example, the method, system and/or computer program may be the methods, systems and/or computer programs described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,340,743, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The method may include: determining a target point in the body and a reference point, wherein the target point and the reference point define a planned trajectory line (PTL) extending through each: determining a visualization plane, wherein the PTL intersects the visualization plane at a sighting point; mounting the guide device relative to the body to move with respect to the PTL wherein the guide device does not intersect the visualization plane: determining a point of intersection (GPP) between the guide axis and the visualization plane; and aligning the GPP with the sighting point in the visualization plane.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered to a subject using a convention-enhanced delivery device. Non-limiting examples of targeted delivery of drugs using convection are described in US Patent Publication Nos. US20100217228, US20130035574, and US 20130035660 and International Patent Publication No. WO2013019830 and WO2008144585, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In one embodiment, a subject may be imaged prior to, during and/or after delivery of the AAV particles. The imaging method may be a method known in the art and/or described herein, such as but not limited to, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a non-limiting example, imaging may be used to assess therapeutic effect. As another non-limiting example, imaging may be used for assisted delivery of AAV particles.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using an MRI-guided device Non-limiting examples of MRI-guided devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,055,884, 9,042,958, 8,886,288, 8,768,433, 8,396,532, 8,369,930, 8,374,677, and 8,175,677 and US Patent Application No. US20140024927 the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. As a non-limiting example, the MRI-guided device may be able to provide data in real time such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,886,288 and 8,768,433, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. As another non-limiting example, the MRI-guided device or system may be used with a targeting cannula such as the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,175,677 and 8,374,677, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. As yet another non-limiting example, the MRI-guided device includes a trajectory guide frame for guiding an interventional device as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 9,055,884 and US Patent Application No. US20140024927, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using an MRI-compatible tip assembly. Non-limiting examples of MRI-compatible tip assemblies are described in US Patent Publication No. US20140275980, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using a cannula which is MRI-compatible. Non-limiting examples of MRI-compatible cannulas include those taught in International Patent Publication No. WO2011130107, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using a catheter which is MRI-compatible Non-limiting examples of MRI-compatible catheters include those taught in International Patent Publication No. WO2012116265, U.S. Pat. No. 8,825,133 and US Patent Publication No. US20140024909, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using a device with an elongated tubular body and a diaphragm as described in US Patent Publication Nos. US20140276582 and US20140276614, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered using an MRI compatible localization and/or guidance system such as, but not limited to, those described in US Patent Publication Nos. US20150223905 and US20150230871, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. As a non-limiting example, the MRI compatible localization and/or guidance systems may comprise a mount adapted for fixation to a patient, a targeting cannula with a lumen configured to attach to the mount so as to be able to controllably translate in at least three dimensions, and an elongate probe configured to snugly advance via slide and retract in the targeting cannula lumen, the elongate probe comprising at least one of a stimulation or recording electrode.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered to a subject using a trajectory frame as described in US Patent Publication Nos. US20150031982 and US20140066750 and International Patent Publication Nos. WO2015057807 and WO2014039481, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be delivered to a subject using a gene gun.
At various places in the present specification, substituents of compounds of the present disclosure are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the present disclosure include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges.
About: As used herein, the term “about” means +/−10% of the recited value.
Adeno-associated virus: The term “adeno-associated virus” or “AAV” as used herein refers to members of the dependovirus genus comprising any particle, sequence, gene, protein, or component derived therefrom.
AAV Particle: As used herein, an “AAV particle” is a virus which comprises a viral genome with at least one payload region and at least one ITR region. AAV vectors of the present disclosure may be produced recombinantly and may be based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) parent or reference sequences. AAV particle may be derived from any serotype, described herein or known in the art, including combinations of serotypes (i e, “pseudotyped” AAV) or from various genomes (e.g., single stranded or self-complementary). In addition, the AAV particle may be replication defective and/or targeted.
Activity: As used herein, the term “activity” refers to the condition in which things are happening or being done. Compositions of the invention may have activity and this activity may involve one or more biological events.
Administered in combination: As used herein, the term “administered in combination” or “combined administration” means that two or more agents are administered to a subject at the same time or within an interval such that there may be an overlap of an effect of each agent on the patient. In some embodiments, they are administered within about 60, 30, 15, 10, 5, or 1 minute of one another. In some embodiments, the administrations of the agents are spaced sufficiently closely together such that a combinatorial (e.g., a synergistic) effect is achieved.
Amelioration: As used herein, the term “amelioration” or “ameliorating” refers to a lessening of severity of at least one indicator of a condition or disease. For example, in the context of neurodegeneration disorder, amelioration includes the reduction of neuron loss.
Animal: As used herein, the term “animal” refers to any member of the animal kingdom. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to humans at any stage of development. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to non-human animals at any stage of development. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, a cat, a sheep, cattle, a primate, or a pig). In some embodiments, animals include, but are not limited to, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and worms. In some embodiments, the animal is a transgenic animal, genetically-engineered animal, or a clone.
Antibody: As used herein, the term “antibody” is referred to in the broadest sense and specifically covers various embodiments including, but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies formed from at least two intact antibodies), and antibody fragments (e.g., diabodies) so long as they exhibit a desired biological activity (e.g., “functional”). Antibodies are primarily amino-acid based molecules but may also comprise one or more modifications (including, but not limited to the addition of sugar moieties, fluorescent moieties, chemical tags, etc.) Non-limiting examples of antibodies or fragments thereof include VH and VL domains, scFvs, Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, Fv fragment, diabodies, linear antibodies, single chain antibody molecules, multispecific antibodies, bispecific antibodies, intrabodies, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, humanized antibodies, codon-optimized antibodies, tandem scFN antibodies, bispecific T-cell engagers, mAb2 antibodies, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), tetravalent bispecific antibodies, biosynthetic antibodies, native antibodies, miniaturized antibodies, unibodies, maxibodies, antibodies to senescent cells, antibodies to conformers, antibodies to disease specific epitopes, or antibodies to innate defense molecules.
Antibody-based composition: As used herein, “antibody-based” or “antibody-derived” compositions are monomeric or multi-meric polypeptides which comprise at least one amino-acid region derived from a known or parental antibody sequence and at least one amino acid region derived from a non-antibody sequence. e.g., mammalian protein.
Approximately: As used herein, the term “approximately” or “about,” as applied to one or more values of interest, refers to a value that is similar to a stated reference value. In certain embodiments, the term “approximately” or “about” refers to a range of values that fall within 25%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or less in either direction (greater than or less than) of the stated reference value unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident from the context (except where such number would exceed 100% of a possible value).
Associated with: As used herein, the terms “associated with,” “conjugated,” “linked,” “attached,” and “tethered,” when used with respect to two or more moieties, means that the moieties are physically associated or connected with one another, either directly or via one or more additional moieties that serves as a linking agent, to form a structure that is sufficiently stable so that the moieties remain physically associated under the conditions in which the structure is used, e.g., physiological conditions. An “association” need not be strictly through direct covalent chemical bonding. It may also suggest ionic or hydrogen bonding or a hybridization based connectivity sufficiently stable such that the “associated” entities remain physically associated.
Bifunctional: As used herein, the term “bifunctional” refers to any substance, molecule or moiety which is capable of or maintains at least two functions. The functions may affect the same outcome or a different outcome. The structure that produces the function may be the same or different.
Biocompatible: As used herein, the term “biocompatible” means compatible with living cells, tissues, organs or systems posing little to no risk of injury, toxicity or rejection by the immune system.
Biodegradable: As used herein, the term “biodegradable” means capable of being broken down into innocuous products by the action of living things.
Biologically active: As used herein, the phrase “biologically active” refers to a characteristic of any substance that has activity in a biological system and/or organism. For instance, a substance that, when administered to an organism, has a biological effect on that organism, is considered to be biologically active. In particular embodiments, an AAV particle of the present invention may be considered biologically active if even a portion of the encoded payload is biologically active or mimics an activity considered biologically relevant.
Capsid: As used herein, the term “capsid” refers to the protein shell of a virus particle.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR): As used herein, the term “chimeric antigen receptor” or “CAR” refers to an artificial chimeric protein comprising at least one antigen specific targeting region (ASTR), a transmembrane domain and an intracellular signaling domain, wherein the antigen specific targeting region comprises a full-length antibody or a fragment thereof. As a non-limiting example the ASTR of a CAR may be any of the antibodies listed in Table 3, antibody-based compositions or fragments thereof. Any molecule that is capable of binding a target antigen with high affinity can be used in the ASTR of a CAR The CAR may optionally have an extracellular spacer domain and/or a co-stimulatory domain. A CAR may also be used to generate a cytotoxic cell carrying the CAR.
Complementary and substantially complementary: As used herein, the term “complementary” refers to the ability of polynucleotides to form base pairs with one another. Base pairs are typically formed by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide units in antiparallel polynucleotide strands. Complementary polynucleotide strands can form base pair in the Watson-Crick manner (e.g., A to T, A to U, C to G), or in any other manner that allows for the formation of duplexes. As persons skilled in the art are aware, when using RNA as opposed to DNA, uracil rather than thymine is the base that is considered to be complementary to adenosine. However, when a U is denoted in the context of the present invention, the ability to substitute a T is implied, unless otherwise stated. Perfect complementarity or 100% complementarity refers to the situation in which each nucleotide unit of one polynucleotide strand can form hydrogen bond with a nucleotide unit of a second polynucleotide strand. Less than perfect complementarity refers to the situation in which some, but not all, nucleotide units of two strands can form hydrogen bond with each other. For example, for two 20-mers, if only two base pairs on each strand can form hydrogen bond with each other, the polynucleotide strands exhibit 10% complementarity. In the same example, if 18 base pairs on each strand can form hydrogen bonds with each other, the polynucleotide strands exhibit 90% complementarity. As used herein, the term “substantially complementary” means that the siRNA has a sequence (e.g., in the antisense strand) which is sufficient to bind the desired target mRNA, and to trigger the RNA silencing of the target mRNA.
Compound: Compounds of the present disclosure include all of the isotopes of the atoms occurring in the intermediate or final compounds “Isotopes” refers to atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers resulting from a different number of neutrons in the nuclei. For example, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
The compounds and salts of the present disclosure can be prepared in combination with solvent or water molecules to form solvates and hydrates by routine methods.
Comprehensive Positional Evolution (CPE™): As used herein, the term “comprehensive positional evolution” refers to an antibody evolution technology that allows for mapping of the effects of amino acid changes at every position along an antibody variable domain's sequence. This comprehensive mutagenesis technology can be used to enhance one or more antibody properties or characteristics.
Comprehensive Protein Synthesis (CPS™): As used herein, the term “comprehensive protein synthesis” refers to a combinatorial protein synthesis technology that can be used to optimize antibody properties or characteristics by combining the best properties into a new, high-performance antibody.
Conditionally active: As used herein, the term “conditionally active” refers to a mutant or variant of a wild-type polypeptide, wherein the mutant or variant is more or less active at physiological conditions than the parent polypeptide. Further, the conditionally active polypeptide may have increased or decreased activity at aberrant conditions as compared to the parent polypeptide. A conditionally active poly peptide may be reversibly or irreversibly inactivated at normal physiological conditions or aberrant conditions.
Conserved: As used herein, the term “conserved” refers to nucleotides or amino acid residues of a polynucleotide sequence or polypeptide sequence, respectively, that are those that occur unaltered in the same position of two or more sequences being compared. Nucleotides or amino acids that are relatively conserved are those that are conserved amongst more related sequences than nucleotides or amino acids appearing elsewhere in the sequences.
In some embodiments, two or more sequences are said to be “completely conserved” if they are 100% identical to one another. In some embodiments, two or more sequences are said to be “highly conserved” if they are at least 70% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical to one another. In some embodiments, two or more sequences are said to be “highly conserved” if they are about 70% identical, about 80% identical, about 90% identical, about 95%, about 98%, or about 99% identical to one another. In some embodiments, two or more sequences are said to be “conserved” if they are at least 30% identical, at least 40% identical, at least 50% identical, at least 60% identical, at least 70% identical, at least 80% identical, at least 90% identical, or at least 95% identical to one another. In some embodiments, two or more sequences are said to be “conserved” if they are about 30% identical, about 40% identical, about 50% identical, about 60% identical, about 70% identical, about 80% identical, about 90% identical, about 95% identical, about 98% identical, or about 99% identical to one another. Conservation of sequence may apply to the entire length of a polynucleotide or polypeptide or may apply to a portion, region or feature thereof.
Control Elements: As used herein. “control elements”. “regulatory control elements”, or “regulatory sequences” refers to promoter regions, polyadenylation signals, transcription termination sequences, upstream regulatory domains, origins of replication, internal ribosome entry sites (“IRES”), enhancers, and the like, which provide for the replication, transcription and translation of a coding sequence in a recipient cell. Not all of these control elements need always be present as long as the selected coding sequence is capable of being replicated, transcribed and/or translated in an appropriate host cell.
Controlled Release: As used herein, the term “controlled release” refers to a pharmaceutical composition or compound release profile that conforms to a particular pattern of release to effect a therapeutic outcome.
Cytostatic: As used herein, “cytostatic” refers to inhibiting, reducing, suppressing the growth, division, or multiplication of a cell (e.g., a mammalian cell (e.g., a human cell)), bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoan, parasite, prion, or a combination thereof.
Cytotoxic: As used herein, “cytotoxic” refers to killing or causing injurious, toxic, or deadly effect on a cell (e.g., a mammalian cell (e.g., a human cell)), bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoan, parasite, prion, or a combination thereof.
Delivery: As used herein, “delivery” refers to the act or manner of delivering an AAV particle, a compound, substance, entity, moiety, cargo or payload.
Delivery Agent: As used herein, “delivery agent” refers to any substance which facilitates, at least in part, the in vivo delivery of an AAV particle to targeted cells.
Destabilized: As used herein, the term “destable”, “destabilize”, or “destabilizing region” means a region or molecule that is less stable than a starting, wild-type or native form of the same region or molecule.
Delectable label: As used herein, “detectable label” refers to one or more markers, signals, or moieties which are attached, incorporated or associated with another entity that is readily detected by methods known in the art including radiography, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, enzymatic activity, absorbance and the like. Detectable labels include radioisotopes, fluorophores, chromophores, enzymes, dyes, metal ions, ligands such as biotin, avidin, streptavidin and haptens, quantum dots, and the like. Detectable labels may be located at any position in the peptides or proteins disclosed herein. They may be within the amino acids, the peptides, or proteins, or located at the N- or C-termini.
Digest: As used herein, the term “digest” means to break apart into smaller pieces or components. When referring to polypeptides or proteins, digestion results in the production of peptides.
Distal: As used herein, the term “distal” means situated away from the center or away from a point or region of interest.
Dosing regimen: As used herein, a “dosing regimen” is a schedule of administration or physician determined regimen of treatment, prophylaxis, or palliative care.
Encapsulate: As used herein, the term “encapsulate” means to enclose, surround or encase.
Engineered: As used herein, embodiments of the invention are “engineered” when they are designed to have a feature or property, whether structural or chemical, that varies from a starting point, wild type or native molecule.
Effective Amount: As used herein, the term “effective amount” of an agent is that amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results, for example, clinical results, and, as such, an “effective amount” depends upon the context in which it is being applied. For example, in the context of administering an agent that treats cancer, an effective amount of an agent is, for example, an amount sufficient to achieve treatment, as defined herein, of cancer, as compared to the response obtained without administration of the agent.
Epitope: As used herein, an “epitope” refers to a surface or region on a molecule that is capable of interacting with a biomolecule. For example, a protein may contain one or more amino acids, e.g., an epitope, which interacts with an antibody, e.g., a biomolecule. In some embodiments, when referring to a protein or protein module, an epitope may comprise a linear stretch of amino acids or a three-dimensional structure formed by folded amino acid chains.
EvoMap™: As used herein, an EvoMap™ refers to a map of a polypeptide, wherein detailed informatics are presented about the effects of single amino acid mutations within the length of the polypeptide and their influence on the properties and characteristics of that polypeptide.
Expression: As used herein, “expression” of a nucleic acid sequence refers to one or more of the following events. (1) production of an RNA template from a DNA sequence (e.g., by transcription); (2) processing of an RNA transcript (e.g., by splicing, editing, 5′ cap formation, and/or 3′ end processing), (3) translation of an RNA into a polypeptide or protein, and (4) post-translational modification of a polypeptide or protein.
Feature: As used herein, a “feature” refers to a characteristic, a property, or a distinctive element.
Formulation: As used herein, a “formulation” includes at least one AAV particle and a delivery agent.
Fragment: A “fragment,” as used herein, refers to a portion. For example, fragments of proteins may comprise polypeptides obtained by digesting full-length protein isolated from cultured cells.
Functional: As used herein, a “functional” biological molecule is a biological molecule in a form in which it exhibits a property and/or activity by which it is characterized.
Gene expression: The term “gene expression” refers to the process by which a nucleic acid sequence undergoes successful transcription and in most instances translation to produce a protein or peptide. For clarity, when reference is made to measurement of “gene expression”, this should be understood to mean that measurements may be of the nucleic acid product of transcription. e.g., RNA or mRNA or of the amino acid product of translation, e.g., polypeptides or peptides. Methods of measuring the amount or levels of RNA, mRNA, polypeptides and peptides are well known in the art.
Homology: As used herein, the term “homology” refers to the overall relatedness between polymeric molecules. e.g. between polynucleotide molecules (e.g. DNA molecules and/or RNA molecules) and/or between polypeptide molecules. In some embodiments, polymeric molecules are considered to be “homologous” to one another if their sequences are at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% identical or similar. The term “homologous” necessarily refers to a comparison between at least two sequences (polynucleotide or polypeptide sequences). In accordance with the invention, two polynucleotide sequences are considered to be homologous if the polypeptides they encode are at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or even 99% for at least one stretch of at least about 20 amino acids. In some embodiments, homologous polynucleotide sequences are characterized by the ability to encode a stretch of at least 4-5 uniquely specified amino acids. For polynucleotide sequences less than 60 nucleotides in length, homology is determined by the ability to encode a stretch of at least 4-5 uniquely specified amino acids. In accordance with the invention, two protein sequences are considered to be homologous if the proteins are at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% identical for at least one stretch of at least about 20 amino acids.
Heterologous Region: As used herein the term “heterologous region” refers to a region which would not be considered a homologous region.
Homologous Region: As used herein the term “homologous region” refers to a region which is similar in position, structure, evolution origin, character, form or function.
Identity: As used herein, the term “identity” refers to the overall relatedness between polymeric molecules, e.g., between polynucleotide molecules (e.g. DNA molecules and/or RNA molecules) and/or between polypeptide molecules. Calculation of the percent identity of two polynucleotide sequences, for example, can be performed by aligning the two sequences for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in one or both of a first and a second nucleic acid sequences for optimal alignment and non-identical sequences can be disregarded for comparison purposes). In certain embodiments, the length of a sequence aligned for comparison purposes is at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% of the length of the reference sequence. The nucleotides at corresponding nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same nucleotide as the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at that position. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences, taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap, which needs to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The comparison of sequences and determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm. For example, the percent identity between two nucleotide sequences can be determined using methods such as those described in Computational Molecular Biology. Lesk, A. M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects. Smith. D. W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993: Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press, 1987; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin. A. M., and Griffin. H. G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, the percent identity between two nucleotide sequences can be determined using the algorithm of Meyers and Miller (CABIOS, 1989, 4:11-17), which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0) using a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4. The percent identity between two nucleotide sequences can, alternatively, be determined using the GAP program in the GCG software package using an NWSgapdna.CMP matrix. Methods commonly employed to determine percent identity between sequences include, but are not limited to those disclosed in Carillo, H. and Lipman, D., SIAM J Applied Math., 48:1073 (1988); incorporated herein by reference. Techniques for determining identity are codified in publicly available computer programs. Exemplary computer software to determine homology between two sequences include, but are not limited to, GCG program package, Devereux, J., et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 12(1), 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA Altschul, S. F. et al., J. Molec. Biol., 215, 403 (1990)).
Inhibit expression of a gene: As used herein, the phrase “inhibit expression of agene” means to cause a reduction in the amount of an expression product of the gene. The expression product can be an RNA transcribed from the gene (e.g., an mRNA) or a poly peptide translated from an mRNA transcribed from the gene. Typically, a reduction in the level of an mRNA results in a reduction in the level of a polypeptide translated therefrom. The level of expression may be determined using standard techniques for measuring mRNA or protein.
In vitro: As used herein, the term “in vitro” refers to events that occur in an artificial environment, e.g., in a test tube or reaction vessel, in cell culture, in a Petri dish, etc., rather than within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, or microbe).
In vivo: As used herein, the term “in vivo” refers to events that occur within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, or microbe or cell or tissue thereof).
Isolated: As used herein, the term “isolated” refers to a substance or entity that has been separated from at least some of the components with which it was associated (whether in nature or in an experimental setting). Isolated substances may have varying levels of purity in reference to the substances from which they have been associated. Isolated substances and/or entities may be separated from at least about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or more of the other components with which they were initially associated. In some embodiments, isolated agents are more than about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 910%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or more than about 99% pure. As used herein, a substance is “pure” if it is substantially free of other components.
Substantially isolated: By “substantially isolated” is meant that a substance is substantially separated from the environment in which it was formed or detected. Partial separation can include, for example, a composition enriched in the substance or AAV particles of the present disclosure. Substantial separation can include compositions containing at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, or at least about 99% by weight of the compound of the present disclosure, or salt thereof. Methods for isolating compounds and their salts are routine in the art.
Linker: As used herein “linker” refers to a molecule or group of molecules which connects two molecules, such as a VH chain and VL chain or an antibody. A linker may be a nucleic acid sequence connecting two nucleic acid sequences encoding two different polypeptides. The linker may or may not be translated. The linker may be a cleavable linker.
MicroRNA (miRNA) binding site: As used herein, a microRNA (miRNA) binding site represents a nucleotide location or region of a nucleic acid transcript to which at least the “seed” region of a miRNA binds.
Modified: As used herein “modified” refers to a changed state or structure of a molecule of the invention. Molecules may be modified in many ways including chemically, structurally, and functionally.
Naturally Occurring: As used herein, “naturally occurring” or “wild-type” means existing in nature without artificial aid, or involvement of the hand of man.
Nun-human vertebrate: As used herein, a “non-human vertebrate” includes all vertebrates except Homo sapiens, including wild and domesticated species. Examples of non-human vertebrates include, but are not limited to, mammals, such as alpaca, banteng, bison, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, donkey, gayal, goat, guinea pig, horse, llama, mule, pig, rabbit, reindeer, sheep water buffalo, and yak.
Off-target: As used herein, “off target” refers to any unintended effect on any one or more target, gene, or cellular transcript.
Open reading frame: As used herein, “open reading frame” or “ORF” refers to a sequence which does not contain a stop codon in a given reading frame.
Operably linked: As used herein, the phrase “operably linked” refers to a functional connection between two or more molecules, constructs, transcripts, entities, moieties or the like.
Particle: As used herein, a “particle” is a virus comprised of at least two components, a protein capsid and a polynucleotide sequence enclosed within the capsid.
Patient: As used herein, “patient” refers to a subject who may seek or be in need of treatment, requires treatment, is receiving treatment, will receive treatment, or a subject who is under care by a trained professional for a particular disease or condition.
Payload: As used herein, “payload” or “payload region” refers to one or more polynucleotides or polynucleotide regions encoded by or within a viral genome or an expression product of such polynucleotide or polynucleotide region, e.g., a transgene, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide or a modulatory nucleic acid or regulatory nucleic acid.
Payload construct: As used herein, “payload construct” is one or more polynucleotide regions encoding or comprising a payload that is flanked on one or both sides by an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence. The pay load construct is a template that is replicated in a viral production cell to produce a viral genome.
Payload construct vector. As used herein, “payload construct vector” is a vector encoding or comprising a payload construct, and regulatory regions for replication and expression in bacterial cells.
Payload construct expression vector: As used herein, a “payload construct expression vector” is a vector encoding or comprising a payload construct and which further comprises one or more polynucleotide regions encoding or comprising components for viral expression in a viral replication cell.
Peptide: As used herein, “peptide” is less than or equal to 50 amino acids long, e.g., about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 amino acids long.
Pharmaceutically acceptable: The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients: The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,” as used herein, refers any ingredient other than the compounds described herein (for example, a vehicle capable of suspending or dissolving the active compound) and having the properties of being substantially nontoxic and non-inflammatory in a patient. Excipients may include, for example: antiadherents, antioxidants, binders, coatings, compression aids, disintegrants, dyes (colors), emollients, emulsifiers, fillers (diluents), film formers or coatings, flavors, fragrances, glidants (flow enhancers), lubricants, preservatives, printing inks, sorbents, suspensing or dispersing agents, sweeteners, and waters of hydration. Exemplary excipients include, but are not limited to: butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate (dibasic), calcium stearate, croscarmellose, crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, citric acid, crospovidone, cysteine, ethylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, maltitol, mannitol, methionine, methylcellulose, methyl paraben, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, povidone, pregelatinized starch, propyl paraben, retinyl palmitate, shellac, silicon dioxide, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium citrate, sodium starch glycolate, sorbitol, starch (corn), stearic acid, sucrose, talc, titanium dioxide, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C. and xylitol.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts: The present disclosure also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form (e.g., by reacting the free base group with a suitable organic acid). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines: alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids: and the like. Representative acid addition salts include acetate, acetic acid, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptonate, hexanoate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418, Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, P. H. Stahl and C. G. Wermuth (eds.), Wiley-VCH, 2008, and Berge et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 66, 1-19 (1977), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Pharmaceutical acceptable solvate: The term “pharmaceutically acceptable solvate,” as used herein, means a compound of the invention wherein molecules of a suitable solvent are incorporated in the crystal lattice. A suitable solvent is physiologically tolerable at the dosage administered. For example, solvates may be prepared by crystallization, recrystallization, or precipitation from a solution that includes organic solvents, water, or a mixture thereof. Examples of suitable solvents are ethanol, water (for example, mono-, di-, and tri-hydrates), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMEU), 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), acetonitrile (ACN), propylene glycol, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, 2-pyrrolidone, benzyl benzoate, and the like. When water is the solvent, the solvate is referred to as a “hydrate.”
Pharmacokinetic: As used herein, “pharmacokinetic” refers to any one or more properties of a molecule or compound as it relates to the determination of the fate of substances administered to a living organism. Pharmacokinetics is divided into several areas including the extent and rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. This is commonly referred to as ADME where: (A) Absorption is the process of a substance entering the blood circulation; (D) Distribution is the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body; (M) Metabolism (or Biotransformation) is the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites; and (E) Excretion (or Elimination) refers to the elimination of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.
Physicochemical: As used herein, “physicochemical” means of or relating to a physical and/or chemical property.
Preventing: As used herein, the term “preventing” refers to partially or completely delaying onset of an infection, disease, disorder and/or condition, partially or completely delaying onset of one or more symptoms, features, or clinical manifestations of a particular infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition, partially or completely delaying onset of one or more symptoms, features, or manifestations of a particular infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition: partially or completely delaying progression from an infection, a particular disease, disorder and/or condition; and/or decreasing the risk of developing pathology associated with the infection, the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
Proliferate: As used herein, the term “proliferate” means to grow, expand or increase or cause to grow, expand or increase rapidly. “Proliferative” means having the ability to proliferate. “Anti-proliferative” means having properties counter to or inapposite to proliferative properties.
Prophylactic: As used herein, “prophylactic” refers to a therapeutic or course of action used to prevent the spread of disease.
Prophylaxis: As used herein, a “prophylaxis” refers to a measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.
Protein of interest: As used herein, the terms “proteins of interest” or “desired proteins” include those provided herein and fragments, mutants, variants, and alterations thereof.
Proximal: As used herein, the term “proximal” means situated nearer to the center or to a point or region of interest.
Purified: As used herein, “purify,” “purified.” “purification” means to make substantially pure or clear from unwanted components, material defilement, admixture or imperfection. “Purified” refers to the state of being pure “Purification” refers to the process of making pure.
Region: As used herein, the term “region” refers to a zone or general area. In some embodiments, when referring to a protein or protein module, a region may comprise a linear sequence of amino acids along the protein or protein module or may comprise a three-dimensional area, an epitope and/or a cluster of epitopes. In some embodiments, regions comprise terminal regions. As used herein, the term “terminal region” refers to regions located at the ends or termini of a given agent. When referring to proteins, terminal regions may comprise N- and/or C-termini. N-termini refer to the end of a protein comprising an amino acid with a free amino group. C-termini refer to the end of a protein comprising an amino acid with a free carboxyl group. N- and/or C-terminal regions may there for comprise the N- and/or C-termini as well as surrounding amino acids. In some embodiments, N- and/or C-terminal regions comprise from about 3 amino acid to about 30 amino acids, from about 5 amino acids to about 40 amino acids, from about 10 amino acids to about 50 amino acids, from about 20 amino acids to about 100 amino acids and/or at least 100 amino acids. In some embodiments, N-terminal regions may comprise any length of amino acids that includes the N-terminus, but does not include the C-terminus. In some embodiments, C-terminal regions may comprise any length of amino acids, which include the C-terminus, but do not comprise the N-terminus.
In some embodiments, when referring to a polynucleotide, a region may comprise a linear sequence of nucleic acids along the polynucleotide or may comprise a three-dimensional area, secondary structure, or tertiary structure. In some embodiments, regions comprise terminal regions. As used herein, the term “terminal region” refers to regions located at the ends or termini of a given agent. When referring to polynucleotides, terminal regions may comprise 5′ and 3′ termini 5′ termini refer to the end of a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid with a free phosphate group. 3′ termini refer to the end of a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid with a free hydroxyl group. 5′ and 3′ regions may there for comprise the 5′ and 3′ termini as well as surrounding nucleic acids. In some embodiments, 5′ and 3′ terminal regions comprise from about 9 nucleic acids to about 90 nucleic acids, from about 15 nucleic acids to about 120 nucleic acids, from about 30 nucleic acids to about 150 nucleic acids, from about 60 nucleic acids to about 300 nucleic acids and/or at least 300 nucleic acids. In some embodiments, 5′ regions may comprise any length of nucleic acids that includes the 5′ terminus, but does not include the 3′ terminus. In some embodiments, 3′ regions may comprise any length of nucleic acids, which include the 3′ terminus, but does not comprise the 5′ terminus.
RNA or RNA molecule: As used herein, the term “RNA” or “RNA molecule” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides; the term “DNA” or “DNA molecule” or “deoxyribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. DNA and RNA can be synthesized naturally, e.g., by DNA replication and transcription of DNA, respectively, or be chemically synthesized. DNA and RNA can be single-stranded (i.e., ssRNA or ssDNA, respectively) or multi-stranded (e.g., double stranded, i.e., dsRNA and dsDNA, respectively). The term “mRNA” or “messenger RNA”, as used herein, refers to a single stranded RNA that encodes the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptide chains.
Sample: As used herein, the term “sample” or “biological sample” refers to a subset of its tissues, cells or component parts (e.g. body fluids, including but not limited to blood, mucus, lymphatic fluid, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, amniotic fluid, amniotic cord blood, urine, vaginal fluid and semen). A sample further may include a homogenate, lysate or extract prepared from a whole organism or a subset of its tissues, cells or component parts, or a fraction or portion thereof, including but not limited to, for example, plasma, serum, spinal fluid, lymph fluid, the external sections of the skin, respiratory, intestinal, and genitourinary tracts, tears, saliva, milk, blood cells, tumors, organs. A sample further refers to a medium, such as a nutrient broth or gel, which may contain cellular components, such as proteins or nucleic acid molecule.
Self-Complementary viral particle: As used herein, a “self-complementary viral particle” is a particle comprised of at least two components, a protein capsid and a polynucleotide sequence encoding a self-complementary genome enclosed within the capsid.
Signal Sequences: As used herein, the phrase “signal sequences” refers to a sequence which can direct the transport or localization of a protein.
Single unit dose: As used herein, a “single unit dose” is a dose of any therapeutic administered in one dose/at one time/single route/single point of contact. i.e., single administration event. In some embodiments, a single unit dose is provided as a discrete dosage form (e.g., a tablet, capsule, patch, loaded syringe, vial, etc.).
Similarity: As used herein, the term “similarity” refers to the overall relatedness between polymeric molecules, e.g. between polynucleotide molecules (e.g. DNA molecules and/or RNA molecules) and/or between polypeptide molecules. Calculation of percent similarity of polymeric molecules to one another can be performed in the same manner as a calculation of percent identity, except that calculation of percent similarity takes into account conservative substitutions as is understood in the art.
Split dose: As used herein, a “split dose” is the division of single unit dose or total daily dose into two or more doses.
Stable: As used herein “stable” refers to a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and preferably capable of formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
Stabilized: As used herein, the term “stabilize”. “stabilized.” “stabilized region” means to make or become stable.
Subject: As used herein, the term “subject” or “patient” refers to any organism to which a composition in accordance with the invention may be administered, e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic, and/or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates, and humans) and/or plants.
Substantially: As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the qualitative condition of exhibiting total or near-total extent or degree of a characteristic or property of interest. One of ordinary skill in the biological arts will understand that biological and chemical phenomena rarely, if ever, go to completion and/or proceed to completeness or achieve or avoid an absolute result. The term “substantially” is therefore used herein to capture the potential lack of completeness inherent in many biological and chemical phenomena.
Substantially equal: As used herein as it relates to time differences between doses, the term means plus/minus 2%.
Substantially simultaneously: As used herein and as it relates to plurality of doses, the term means within 2 seconds.
Suffering from: An individual who is “suffering from” a disease, disorder, and/or condition has been diagnosed with or displays one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder, and/or condition.
Susceptible to: An individual who is “susceptible to” a disease, disorder, and/or condition has not been diagnosed with and/or may not exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder, and/or condition but harbors a propensity to develop a disease or its symptoms. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition (for example, cancer) may be characterized by one or more of the following: (1) a genetic mutation associated with development of the disease, disorder, and/or condition; (2) a genetic polymorphism associated with development of the disease, disorder, and/or condition; (3) increased and/or decreased expression and/or activity of a protein and/or nucleic acid associated with the disease, disorder, and/or condition; (4) habits and/or lifestyles associated with development of the disease, disorder, and/or condition; (5) a family history of the disease, disorder, and/or condition; and (6) exposure to and/or infection with a microbe associated with development of the disease, disorder, and/or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition will develop the disease, disorder, and/or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition will not develop the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
Sustained release: As used herein, the term “sustained release” refers to a pharmaceutical composition or compound release profile that conforms to a release rate over a specific period of time.
Synthetic: The term “synthetic” means produced, prepared, and/or manufactured by the hand of man. Synthesis of polynucleotides or polypeptides or other molecules of the present invention may be chemical or enzymatic.
Targeting: As used herein. “targeting” means the process of design and selection of nucleic acid sequence that will hybridize to a target nucleic acid and induce a desired effect.
Targeted Cells: As used herein. “targeted cells” refers to any one or more cells of interest. The cells may be found in vitro, in vivo, in situ or in the tissue or organ of an organism. The organism may be an animal, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human and most preferably a patient.
Therapeutic Agent: The term “therapeutic agent” refers to any agent that, when administered to a subject, has a therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or prophylactic effect and/or elicits a desired biological and/or pharmacological effect.
Therapeutically effective amount: As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of an agent to be delivered (e.g., nucleic acid, drug, therapeutic agent, diagnostic agent, prophylactic agent, etc.) that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to an infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition, to treat, improve symptoms of, diagnose, prevent, and/or delay the onset of the infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is provided in a single dose. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is administered in a dosage regimen comprising a plurality of doses. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments, a unit dosage form may be considered to comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a particular agent or entity if it comprises an amount that is effective when administered as part of such a dosage regimen.
Therapeutically effective outcome: As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective outcome” means an outcome that is sufficient in a subject suffering from or susceptible to an infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition, to treat, improve symptoms of, diagnose, prevent, and/or delay the onset of the infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition.
Total daily dose: As used herein, a “total daily dose” is an amount given or prescribed in 24 hr period. It may be administered as a single unit dose.
Transfection: As used herein, the term “transfection” refers to methods to introduce exogenous nucleic acids into a cell Methods of transfection include, but are not limited to, chemical methods, physical treatments and cationic lipids or mixtures.
Treating: As used herein, the term “treating” refers to partially or completely alleviating, ameliorating, improving, relieving, delaying onset of, inhibiting progression of, reducing severity of, and/or reducing incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a particular infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition. For example, “treating” cancer may refer to inhibiting survival, growth, and/or spread of a tumor. Treatment may be administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease, disorder, and/or condition and/or to a subject who exhibits only early signs of a disease, disorder, and/or condition for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology associated with the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
Unmodified: As used herein, “unmodified” refers to any substance, compound or molecule prior to being changed in any way. Unmodified may, but does not always, refer to the wild type or native form of a biomolecule. Molecules may undergo a series of modifications whereby each modified molecule may serve as the “unmodified” starting molecule for a subsequent modification.
Vector: As used herein, a “vector” is any molecule or moiety which transports, transduces or otherwise acts as a carrier of a heterologous molecule. Vectors of the present invention may be produced recombinantly and may be based on and/or may comprise adeno-associated virus (AAV) parent or reference sequence Such parent or reference AAV sequences may serve as an original, second, third or subsequent sequence for engineering vectors. In non-limiting examples, such parent or reference AAV sequences may comprise any one or more of the following sequences: a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide, which sequence may be wild-type or modified from wild-type and which sequence may encode full-length or partial sequence of a protein, protein domain, or one or more subunits of a protein; a polynucleotide comprising a modulatory or regulatory nucleic acid which sequence may be wild-type or modified from wild-type: and a transgene that may or may not be modified from wild-type sequence. These AAV sequences may serve as either the “donor” sequence of one or more codons (at the nucleic acid level) or amino acids (at the polypeptide level) or “acceptor” sequences of one or more codons (at the nucleic acid level) or amino acids (at the polypeptide level).
Viral genome: As used herein, a “viral genome” or “vector genome” is a polynucleotide comprising at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) and at least one encoded payload. A viral genome encodes at least one copy of the payload.
Described herein are compositions, methods, processes, kits and devices for the design, preparation, manufacture and/or formulation of AAV particles. In some embodiments, payloads, such as but not limited to AAV polynucleotides, may be encoded by payload constructs or contained within plasmids or vectors or recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs).
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying description below Although any materials and methods similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are now described. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description. In the description, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In the case of conflict, the present description will control.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
AAV particles described herein may be produced using methods known in the art, such as, for example, triple transfection or baculovirus mediated virus production. Any suitable permissive or packaging cell known in the art may be employed to produce the vectors. Mammalian cells are often preferred. Also preferred are trans-complementing packaging cell lines that provide functions deleted from a replication-defective helper virus, e.g., 293 cells or other E1a trans-complementing cells.
The gene cassette may contain some or all of the parvovirus (e.g., AAV) cap and rep genes Preferably, however, some or all of the cap and rep functions are provided in trans by introducing a packaging vector(s) encoding the capsid and/or Rep proteins into the cell. Most preferably, the gene cassette does not encode the capsid or Rep proteins. Alternatively, a packaging cell line is used that is stably transformed to express the cap and/or rep genes
Recombinant AAV virus particles are, in some cases, produced and purified from culture supernatants according to the procedure as described in US20160032254, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. Production may also involve methods known in the art including those using 293T cell, sf9 insect cells, triple transfection or am suitable production method.
In some cases, 293 cells are transfected with CaPO4 with plasmids required for production of AAV, i.e., AAV2 rep, an adenoviral helper construct and a ITR flanked transgene cassette. The AAV2 rep plasmid also contains the cap sequence of the particular virus being studied. Twenty-four hours after transfection, which occurs in serum containing DMEM, the medium is replaced with fresh medium with or without serum. Three (3) days after transfection, a sample is taken from the culture medium of the 293 adherent cells. Subsequently cells are scraped and transferred into a receptacle. After centrifugation to remove cellular pellet, a second sample is taken from the supernatant after scraping. Next cell lysis is achieved by three consecutive freeze-thaw cycles (−80 C. to 37 C.). Cellular debris is removed and sample 3 is taken from the medium. The samples are quantified for AAV particles by DNase resistant genome titration by Taqman™ PCR. The total production yield from such a transfection is equal to the particle concentration from sample 3.
AAV vector titers are measured according to genome copy number (genome particles per milliliter). Genome particle concentrations are based on Taqman® PCR of the vector DNA as previously reported (Clark et al. (1999) Hum. Gene Ther., 10:1031-1039: Veldwijk et al. (2002) Mol. Ther., 6:272-278).
To evaluate the expression of various encoded antibody payloads in tissues, a series of AAV particles carrying the encoded antibody sequences driven by a panel of ubiquitous and tissue-specific promoters are made. These particles are administered to the specific tissue. e.g., intramuscularly, via an appropriate route. e.g., a single injection in the gastrocnenius muscle and expression is monitored to determine the relative expression potential of the payload as well as of each promoter in this target tissue. Measurement of antibody production is performed using standard techniques, for example by ELISA.
In some cases, the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV), chimeric chicken-beta-actin (CAG), and ubiquitin C (UBC), CBA, H1 promoters provide robust expression.
Host animals (e.g. mice, rabbits, goats, and llamas) are immunized by an injection with an antigenic protein (e.g., tau) to elicit lymphocytes that specifically bind to the antigen (e.g., tau). Lymphocytes are collected and fused with immortalized cell lines to generate hybridomas. Hybridomas are cultured in a suitable culture medium that is enriched with appropriate selection agents to promote growth.
Antibodies produced by the cultured hybridomas are subjected to analysis to determine binding specificity of the antibodies for the target antigen. Once antibodies with desirable characteristics are identified, corresponding hybridomas are subcloned through limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods Antibodies produced by these cells are isolated and purified using standard immunoglobulin purification procedures.
Recombinant antibodies are produced using heavy and light chain variable region cDNA sequences selected from hybridomas or from other sources. Sequences encoding antibody variable domains expressed by hybridomas are determined by extracting RNA molecules from antibody-producing hybridoma cells and producing cDNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is used to amplify cDNA using primers specific for heavy and light chain sequences. PCR products are then subcloned into plasmids for sequence analysis. Antibodies are produced by insertion of resulting variable domain sequences into expression vectors.
Recombinant antibodies are also produced using phage display technology. Target antigens are screened, in vitro, using phage display libraries having millions to billions of phage particles expressing unique single chain variable fragments (scFvs) on their viral coat. Precipitated phage particles are analyzed and sequences encoding expressed scFvs are determined. Sequences encoding antibody variable domains and/or CDRs are inserted into expression vectors for antibody production.
Recombinant antibodies are further produced using yeast surface display technology, wherein antibody variable domain sequences are expressed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinant antibodies are developed by displaying the antibody fragment of interest as a fusion to e.g. Aga2p protein on the surface of the yeast, where the protein interacts with proteins and small molecules in a solution. scFvs with affinity towards desired receptors are isolated from the yeast surface using magnetic separation and flow cytometry Several cycles of yeast surface display and isolation will be done to attain scFvs with desired properties through directed evolution.
To design an optimal framework for the expression of an antibody, the heavy and light chains of several antibodies separated by an F2A self-processing peptide sequence are cloned into a mammalian expression vector under the control of the CMV promoter. 293T cells or any suitable cell line transfected with these vectors exhibit secretion of human IgG into the culture supernatant that is then detected by ELISA.
To increase expression, the antibody chains and/or the processing peptide are codon optimized for mammalian expression. In some instances, a furin cleavage site at the N-terminus is inserted for better processing.
To improve secretion of the antibody, the endogenous signal sequences are replaced with a sequence which may or may not be codon optimized, derived from any gene. In some cases, the human growth hormone signal sequence is used. Any of the heavy, light or both chains may be driven by any signal sequence, whether the same or different Antibody expression is confirmed using standard immunohistochemical techniques, including ELISA.
Viral genomes are designed for AAV delivery of antibodies to cells. The viral genome comprises a payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. The payload region may optionally encode regulatory elements e.g., a promoter region, an intronic region, or a pol adenylation sequence. The payload region comprises a sequence encoding one or more polypeptides selected from the group consisting of those listed in Table 3. An exemplary payload region comprises a sequence encoding an antibody heavy chain, a region encoding an antibody light chain and a region encoding a linker connecting the heavy and light chain sequences or polypeptides before further processing. A promoter is selected to target the desired tissue or for desired regulation of expression, or both. The promoter may be selected from human EF1α, CMV, CBA, and its derivative CAG, GUSB, UBC, or any other promoter known to one with skill in the art, or combinations thereof. The 5′ and 3′ ITRs may or may not be of the same serotype as the capsid of the AAV particle.
Payload regions may optionally encode a linker between light and heavy antibody chain sequences or polypeptides. Sequence encoding linkers are derived from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES; SEQ ID NO: 899), foot and mouth disease virus 2A (F2A; SEQ ID NO: 900) porcine teschovirus-1 virus 2A (P2A; SEQ ID NO: 901), a furin cleavage site (F; SEQ ID NO: 902), or a 5×G4S (SEQ ID NO: 4321 encoded by SEQ ID NO: 903) linker sequence. In various payload regions, the order of heavy and light chains is alternated with respect to 5′ to 3′ direction Payloads are further designed to encode protein signal sequences (to aid in protein processing, localization, and/or secretion) as well as an untranslated poly A tail.
Each viral genome is then incorporated into an AAV cloning vector to create payload expression vectors.
The payload expression vectors are expressed in e.g. Expi293 cells. The supernatants are collected and expressed antibodies are purified using protein A/G beads Supernatants are diluted with a loading buffer and applied to a column prepared with A/G beads. Unbound proteins are washed through with loading buffer. Elution buffer is added to the column, fractions collected, and fractions containing proteins of interest are identified with absorption spectroscopy technique, pooled together, and neutralized. Western blotting techniques are used to identify payload regions producing the antibody proteins of interest. Purified antibodies are then tested for their affinity to their specific target by e.g. ELISA essay technique and antibodies with the highest affinity are identified and selected.
Finally, the rAAVs are produced using, for example, HEK293T cells. The cells are transfected simultaneously with the viral genome of the present invention, a viral genome encoding helper proteins and a viral genome encoding replication and capsid proteins.
To determine the efficacy or comparative expression of encoded antibodies, dose-dependent expression is determined at a series of time points. Samples from mice treated with AAV particles encoding antibodies or luciferase at various levels are examined for expression using standard techniques such as nucleic acid analyses for RNA levels, protein analyses for antibody levels and compared to the expression of the luciferase control.
AAV particles of the current invention for delivery of an antibody are administered to a patient who has been diagnosed with a tau associated disease, disorder or condition. The purpose of the treatment may be aimed to manage the disease, prevent or slow the progression of the disease, treat the symptoms associated with the disease and/or cure the disease.
The AAV particles are administered to a subject by IV, ICV, IPa or IT administration. The administration may include one or more injections over a period of time. The level and distribution of AAV particles and antibody expression is monitored by standard diagnostic techniques known in the art. Such diagnostic techniques include e.g. (e.g. from blood, urine, or saliva), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, or any other testing useful for monitoring antibody levels in the body.
Additionally, the progression of the disease and the health of the patient is monitored by standard diagnostic techniques known in the art. Such techniques may include diagnostic imaging (e.g. X-ray, MRI scans, Ultrasound scans, PET scans, Nuclear scans, mammography), biopsy, laboratory tests (e.g. from blood, urine, or saliva), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, vital signs, clinical tests (cognitive, motor or reflex tests) and other relevant techniques. Treatment with the AAV particles may results in cure of the tau-associated disease, slowing down or stabilizing the progression of the disease, or have no effect on the progression of the disease. Additionally, the treatment may reduce severity of one or more symptoms associated with the disease, eliminate one or more symptoms associated with the disease or have no effect on the symptoms.
Payloads were designed for viral delivery of anti-tau antibodies MC-1 (with heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 2948 and light chain of SEQ ID NO: 3153), PHF1 (with heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 2949 and light chain of SEQ ID NO: 3154) and IPN002 (with heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 2950 and light chain of SEQ ID NO: 3155) to cells. The viral genome includes, besides the coding region, a 5′ ITR (SEQ ID NO: 4270), CB6 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 4271), SV40 intron (SEQ ID NO: 4272), rabbit globin poly A tail (SEQ ID NO: 4273), and 3′ITR (SEQ ID NO: 4274) sequences.
Payloads were designed to encode a linker between light and heavy antibody chains. Sequence encoding linkers were derived from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES; SEQ ID NO: 899), foot and mouth disease virus 2A (F2A; SEQ ID NO: 900), porcine teschovirus-1 virus 2A (P2A; SEQ ID NO: 901), a furin cleavage site (F; SEQ ID NO: 902), or a 5×G4S (also referred to herein as “G4S5”) (SEQ ID NO: 4321 encoded by SEQ ID NO: 903) linker sequence. In various payload regions, the order of heavy and light chains was alternated with respect to 5′ to 3′ direction. Payloads were further designed to encode protein signal sequences (to aid in protein processing, localization, and/or secretion) as well as an untranslated poly A tail. Payload region sequences included in the prepared viral genomes are listed in Table 4. Each viral genome was then cloned into a pAAVss cloning vector (SEQ ID NO: 4275) to create the AAV particle listed in Table 4.
An assay was developed to determine the affinity of anti-tau antibodies expressed from various payload coding region constructs for extracellular tau in the form of paired helical filaments (ePHF). The ePHF were first immobilized on a 96-well plate overnight by pre-coating with 1500× of the concentrated PHF tau at 4° C., washed 3 times with PBS then blocked with 3% BSA for 2 hrs at room temperature or overnight at 4° C. Supernatants from suspensions of Expi 293 cells transfected with MC-1 payload coding region constructs were collected and loaded onto the plates Anti-tau antibody MC-1 was diluted in 3% BSA and analyzed separately as a control. Plates were then incubated for 2 hrs at room temperature. Wells were washed 5 times with TBS/0.5% Tween 20 wash buffer, then incubated with 1:5000 dilution of anti-mouse antibody labeled with HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific. Waltham, Mass.) for 30 mm. Plates were then developed by incubating with one-step TMB substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) for 30 min, stopped by 2N H2SO4 and read using a BioTek Synergy H1 hybrid reader (BioTek, Winooski, Vt.) at 450 nm. The concentration of anti-tau antibodies, and their affinity for ePHF tau, was determined using a standard curve. Anti-tau antibodies produced using MCI1LIRESH, MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL, MC1LF.F2AH, and MC1HF.P2AL payload coding region constructs showed similar affinity for ePHF tau as the MC-1 control. Anti-tau antibodies generated using MC1HIRESL, MC1LP2AH and MC1LF.P2AH payload coding region constructs demonstrated lower affinity to ePHF tau than control MC-1.
According to the same assay, MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL, IPN002LF2AH, IPN002HF.F2AL, PHF-1LF2AH, and PHF-1HF.F2AL payload coding region constructs were expressed in Expi 293 cells, the supernatants collected and expressed antibodies were tested for affinity to ePHF tau. Antibodies generated using all six constructs tested showed similar affinity for ePHF tau in comparison to their respective control antibodies (MC-1, PHF1 and IPN002 antibodies).
Expi 293 cell culture supernatants from cells expressing anti-tau antibodies were tested by sandwich ELISA to detect and determine concentrations of expressed antibodies. Ninety-six well plates were pre-coated with anti-mouse IgG1 overnight at 4° C. then washed 3 times with PBS and blocked with 3% BSA for 2 hrs at room temperature. Supernatants were diluted in blocking buffer (3% BSA), added to the wells and incubated for 2 hrs at room temperature. Samples were then washed 5 times with TBS/0.5% Tween 20 wash buffer and incubated with 1:5000 dilution of anti-mouse antibody labeled with HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) for 30 min Plates were developed by incubating with one-step TMB substrate for 30 min, stopped by 2N H2SO4 and read using a BioTek Synergy H1 hybrid reader (BioTek, Winooski, Vt.) at 450 nm. The concentration of expressed MC-1 anti-tau antibodies was then determined for each construct using a standard curve (see Table 5).
Cells expressing MC1LIRESH, MC1LP2AH and MC1LF.P2AH coding region constructs produced the highest concentration of antibodies from transfected cells.
In a subsequent experiment using the same methods, cell supernatants from Expi 293 cells expressing MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL, PHF1LF2AH, PHF1HF.F2AL, IPN002LF2AH, or IPN002HF.F2AL coding region constructs were also assessed for concentrations of expressed antibodies by ELISA Antibody concentrations from supernatants tested are presented in Table 6.
Cells expressing MC1LF2AH, PHF1LF2AH and IPN002LF2AH coding constructs produced the highest concentration of antibodies from transfected cells.
Anti-tau antibodies expressed using MC1HIRESL, MC1LIRESH, MC1HF2AL, MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL, MC1LF.F2AH, MC1HP2AL, MC1LP2AH, MC1HF.P2AL, MC1LF.P2AH, and MC1LG4S5H coding region constructs was assessed by Western blotting in both small and large volume (30 mL) cell culture experiments. Expi 293 cells expressing MC1HIRESL, MC1LIRESH, MC1HF2AL, MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL, MC1LF F2AH, MC1HP2AL, MC1LP2AH, MC1HF.P2AL, MC1LF.P2AH, or MC1LG4S5H coding region constructs were cultured to produce antibody-rich supernatant After centrifugation, supernatants were collected and two small samples of each were removed and mixed with equal volumes of Laemmli sample buffer. Samples were then boiled at 95° C. for 5 min before loading into two 4-20% polyacrylamide gels along with molecular weight markers. Both gels were run for 1-2 hrs at 100V under reducing or non-reducing conditions. Proteins were then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane for 2 hr at 4° C. and stained with anti-mouse IgGs. First membranes were placed in blocking buffer for 1 h at room temperature or overnight at 4° C. followed by incubation with anti-mouse IgG antibodies in blocking buffer overnight at 4° C. The membranes were then washed three times each for 5 min in TBST and incubated with enzyme-labeled secondary antibody in blocking buffer for 1 hr at room temperature. Membranes were washed three times each for 5 min in TBST then developed using a luminescent substrate.
Under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, three coding region constructs showed limited expression when initially assessed by Western blot. In normal (reducing) conditions, antibody heavy chains usually run at approximately 50 kD, while light chains are evident at 25 kD. In supernatant from cells expressing MC1HF2AL and MC1LG4S5H coding regions, only the 25 kD species was evident while in supernatant from cells expressing MC1HP2AL, neither species appeared. The remaining supernatants showed the anticipated 25 and 50 kD species under reducing conditions and several high molecular weight (80-150 kD) bands under non-reducing conditions.
A similar experiment was conducted using MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL, IPN002LF2AH, IPN002HF.F2AL, PHF-1LF2AH, and PHF-1 HF.F2AL coding region constructs Western blot showed the expected 25 kD and 50 kD bands under reducing conditions and high molecular weight triplets under non-reducing conditions, similar to the appropriate controls (MC-1, PHF1 and IPN002 antibodies). LF2AH coding region constructs generated better expression levels for all three antibodies than the HF.F2AL coding region constructs.
Antibody concentrations from scaled-up culture conditions (30 mL) were determined for select constructs (see Table 7)
Coding construct MC1LF2AH yielded the highest concentration of anti body from transfected cells.
Anti-tau antibodies expressed in large volumes of Expi 293 cells (30 mL) were purified using protein A/G beads. A column was prepared with protein A/G bead resin and washed 3 times with loading buffer. Supernatants were diluted with equal volumes of loading buffer and applied to the column. Unbound proteins were washed through with loading buffer. Elution buffer w as added to the column and fractions collected. Fractions containing proteins were identified by absorbance at 280 nm, pooled together, neutralized and run on polyacrylamide gels as described in Example 4 Under reducing conditions, antibodies produced using MC1LIRESH. MC1LF2AH, MC1LF.F2AL. MC1LF. F2AH, and MC1 HF.P2AL coding region constructs yielded protein bands when examined by Western blotting that were similar to those observed with MC-1 control antibody (bands at 25 kD and 50 kD). Under non-reducing conditions, all expressed antibodies generated a triplet set of bands between 80-150 kD, as did the MC-1 control.
Purified anti-tau antibodies were then tested for their affinity to ePHF tau by ELISA assay as described in Example 9. Antibodies with the highest affinity for ePHF tau were those produced using MC1LF2AH, MC1HF.F2AL and MC1LF.F2AH coding region constructs. These antibodies all demonstrated affinity for ePHF tau that was similar to that observed with MC-1 control antibody.
HEK293 cells were transfected with three vectors simultaneously: anti-tau antibody encoding viral genomes, vectors expressing rep and cap genes, and a helper vector to generate rAAV9 products. Vector production was the greatest (highest AAV titer Vg/μL) when using MC1F2AH and MC1HF.F2AL viral genomes. These two formats were then utilized to generate rAAV9 particles encoding anti-tau antibodies PHF1 and IPN002.
Adult Rhesus macaque monkeys, pre-screened for low anti-AAV antibody levels, will receive intraparenchymal (IPa; thalamus and putamen) or intracisternal (CM) administration of anti-tau antibody AAV particles to assess expression, distribution and therapeutic potential.
Anti-tau antibody AAV particles will be formulated in a solution comprising 180 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM sodium phosphate, and 0.001% Pluronic Acid. Dosing concentrations will be 2.1×1012 vg/ml for IPa administration and 1×1013 vg/ml for CM administration. For IPa administration (2.1×1012 vg/ml), two animals will each receive bilateral infusions (1-2 μL) into the thalamus (150 μL) and putamen (60 μL) by convection enhanced delivery device guided by MRI. An additional three animals will each receive a single 1 mL bolus injection into the CSF via the cisterna magna (1×1013 vg/ml). Animals will be monitored post-injection(s) for 28 days, with weekly body weight measurements and daily cage-side behavioral, mortality and morbidity checks serving as secondary readouts. Serum and CSF samples w ill be collected pre-dose and prior to necropsy.
On day 29, animals will be transcardially perfused with PBS, tissues will be collected and drop fixed in paraformaldehyde for histological analyses or flash frozen for biochemical assay Tissues processed for histological analysis will be sectioned and immunostained with HRP-labeled mouse IgG1 for presence of the tau antibodies. Further, these samples will be co-immunostained with NeuN, Iba1 or GFAP to identify cell-type. Samples snap frozen for biochemical analyses will be utilized for PCR to detect vector genomes and mRNA, ELISA to detect antibodies and MS to determine protein levels. Blood and CSF samples will be assessed for antibody and AAV levels.
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments in accordance with the invention described herein. The scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims.
In the claims, articles such as “a,” “an,” and “the” may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention includes embodiments in which more than one, or the entire group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.
It is also noted that the term “comprising” is intended to be open and permits but does not require the inclusion of additional elements or steps. When the term “comprising” is used herein, the term “consisting of” is thus also encompassed and disclosed.
Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or subrange within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
In addition, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment of the present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Since such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the compositions of the invention (e.g., any antibiotic, therapeutic or active ingredient; any method of production: any method of use; etc.) can be excluded from any one or more claims; for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.
It is to be understood that the words which have been used are words of description rather than limitation, and that changes may be made within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the true scope and spirit of the invention in its broader aspects.
While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with reference to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/329,457, filed on Apr. 29, 2016, entitled Compositions for the Treatment of Disease, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/367,351, filed on Jul. 27, 2016, entitled Compositions for the Treatment of Disease, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/433,973, filed on Dec. 14, 2016, entitled Compositions for the Treatment of Disease, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62329457 | Apr 2016 | US | |
| 62367351 | Jul 2016 | US | |
| 62433973 | Dec 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16097431 | Oct 2018 | US |
| Child | 17412592 | US |
