Electronic devices typically include integrated circuits formed on semiconductor materials such as silicon. Semiconductor wafers may be processed to form various electronic devices having integrated circuits and diced into bulk semiconductor chips. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures have been developed as an alternative to bulk silicon device technology. In general, SOI fabrication processes result in increased packing densities, improved performances, better device isolations and reduced extrinsic parasitic elements, particularly those of the source and drain as well as leakage currents and thus significantly speeding up circuit operations. SOI substrates generally include a thin layer of silicon on top of an insulator, wherein circuit components are formed in and on the thin layer of silicon. The insulator can be formed from a variety of materials such as silicon oxide and sapphire.
As device integration increases, integrated circuits require cooling to sustain reliability of the circuits and interconnects, to optimize circuit switching performance, and to suppress thermally generated noise in the circuits. Elevated temperatures can result in significantly larger leakage currents. Moreover, as device dimensions decrease, leakage current grows exponentially. One way to conduct heat from an integrated circuit is through the use of a thermal layer coupled to the die. The thermal layer is designed to transmit heat away from the die.
Embodiments are described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale, wherein:
Certain embodiments relate to the formation of an assembly including a diamond substrate having a thin semiconductor layer thereon. Diamond is an advantageous material for thermal performance because it has a substantially higher thermal conductivity than copper or silicon. Diamond layers have been grown on silicon substrates. However, such diamond layers often have a high degree of warpage and thus are not suitable for the fabrication of devices such as transistors. Such warpage may be at least in part due to the thermal expansion mismatch between the silicon substrate and the diamond. The process for forming such a diamond layer requires relatively high temperatures and as such, the stresses developed due to the thermal expansion mismatch are substantial.
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After the diamond support substrate 10 is separated from the diamond layer 16 having the die layer 22 thereon, any remaining porous SiO2 on the diamond layer 16 or on the diamond support substrate 10 thereon may be cleaned or polished off. Depending on whether the die layer 22 has been processed into an electronic device, additional processing may then be carried out on the die layer 22. The diamond support substrate 10 may also be reused.
Another embodiment can be described with reference to
As described above, it is possible to detach the diamond support substrate from the diamond layer 16 by breaking through the layer 12, which is preferably a porous layer of SiO2. Depending on the method used to cut through the layer 12 (e.g., water jet, cleaving, mechanical shock), the surface 15 of the diamond layer 16 may be of sufficient flatness so that it can be bonded to a die layer 22 without performing an additional polishing operation. Thus, as seen in this embodiment, a die layer 22 is positioned on the surface 15 of the diamond layer 16, whereas in the embodiment illustrated in
Block 34 is detaching the diamond support from the CVD diamond layer by breaking through the porous layer. Block 36 is forming an adhesion layer on the surface of the CV diamond layer that was in contact with the porous layer prior to removal of the porous layer. Block 38 is providing a semiconductor layer on the adhesion layer on the surface of the CVD diamond layer that was in contact with the porous layer.
Block 40 is forming a polysilicon layer on the CVD diamond layer so that the CVD diamond layer is positioned between the porous layer and the polysilicon layer. Block 42 is polishing the polysilicon layer and forming a planarized surface including the polished polysilicon layer. Block 44 is providing a semiconductor layer on the planarized surface. Block 46 is detaching the diamond support by breaking through the porous layer.
The embodiments described above yield a CVD diamond substrate layer having a semiconductor layer thereon. Such a structure can be formed to be thinner than conventional silicon-on-insulator structures.
The computer 70 further may further include memory 80 and one or more controllers 82a, 82b . . . 82n which are also disposed on the motherboard 78. The motherboard 78 may be a single layer or multi-layered board which has a plurality of conductive lines that provide communication between the circuits in the package 74 and other components mounted to the board 78. Alternatively, one or more of the CPU 72, memory 80 and controllers 82a, 82b . . . 82n may be disposed on other cards such as daughter cards or expansion cards. The CPU 72, memory 80 and controllers 82a, 82b . . . 82n may each be seated in individual sockets or may be connected directly to a printed circuit board. A display 86 may also be included.
Any operating system and various applications as known in the art execute on the CPU 72 and reside in the memory 80. The content residing in memory 80 may be cached in accordance with known caching techniques. Programs and data in memory 80 may be swapped into storage 84 as part of memory management operations. The computer 70 may comprise any computing device known in the art, such as a mainframe, server, personal computer, workstation, laptop, handheld computer, telephony device, network appliance, virtualization device, storage controller, network controller, etc.
The controllers 82a, 82b . . . 82n may include a system controller, peripheral controller, memory controller, hub controller, I/O bus controller, video controller, network controller, storage controller, etc. For example, a storage controller can control the reading of data from and the writing of data to the storage 84 in accordance with a storage protocol layer. The storage protocol of the layer may be any of a number of known storage protocols. Data being written to or read from the storage 84 may be cached in accordance with known caching techniques. A network controller can include one or more protocol layers to send and receive network packets to and from remote devices over a network 88. The network 88 may comprise a Local Area Network (LAN), the Internet, a Wide Area Network (WAN), Storage Area Network (SAN), etc. Embodiments may be configured to transmit data over a wireless network or connection. In certain embodiments, the network controller and various protocol layers may employ the Ethernet protocol over unshielded twisted pair cable, token ring protocol, Fibre Channel protocol, etc., or any other network communication protocol known in the art.
While certain exemplary embodiments have been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive of the current invention, and that this invention is not restricted to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described since modifications may occur to those having ordinary skill in the art.
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