1. Field of Invention
Embodiments of the invention relate in general to improved electronic packaging. More specifically, the embodiments of the invention relate to a System-in-Package module having adjustable delay lines for improved timing margin.
2. Description of the Background Art
The System-in-Package (SiP) concept combines one or more electronic requirements of a fully functional system or subsystem in one electronic package. The package forms a functional block or module that can be used as a standard component in circuit board level manufacturing. SiP modules enable high-density circuit board layouts by combining one or more integrated circuit (IC) devices, on the same package substrate. This results in considerable savings in the area of circuit boards that would otherwise be dedicated to routing traces between separate packages. It also reduces power consumption because shorter un-terminated wirings (transmission lines) do not need to be terminated.
However, one problem with mounting IC devices in a SiP module arises because the setup and hold times are violated when a synchronous clock signal path is shorter than the original design specification. This may occur because the original design guidelines of the IC devices assumed each of the chips would be packaged in separate packages which necessarily results in a rather long trace from the clock source to devices that use the clock.
To illustrate, consider a SiP module having two IC devices, one of which is a Fast Cycle Random Access Memory (FCRAM) and the other of which is an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), having control circuitry including a synchronous clock signal that controls the operation of the FCRAM. If each of these IC devices were originally designed to be mounted on a circuit board, then mounting them on the SiP module will cause setup and hold time violations due to the decrease in spacing and the trace lengths between the IC devices. For example in a typical circuit board where each IC device is separately packaged, a clock line may belong than the trace of the data lines to ensure that the clock signal arrives a few nanoseconds after a data transition. To achieve the delay, it is common practice to layout the circuit board with a longer clock trace which is typically in a serpentine pattern. Thus, the delay time for the clock signal is dependent on the relative length of clock trace relative to the length of the data traces. To illustrate, a serpentine clock trace of about 6 inches is required to implement a half-bit delay at a clock rate of about 250 MHz.
Unfortunately, in the SiP module, routing space for implementing serpentine traces is simply not available. Therefore, in the traditional approach to adapt SiP modules to accept existing IC devices, clock delays must be implemented with thin-film delay lines. Unfortunately, SiP modules with the thin-film delay lines must be custom designed and manufactured for each specific IC chip which is very expensive and requires a long lead time for such custom packages to be built. One will appreciate that custom packages also complicate the manufacturing process because of procuring and stocking requirements. Further, the use of internal delay lines increases the size of the SiP module thereby limiting the advantages of moving IC devices from individual packages to the SiP module. Further still, if the module is to operate at a different clock rate, then a new module must be provided with the appropriate delay lines.
Alternatively, compensation for the shorter transmission delay in the SiP module can be accomplished with a re-spin of the ASIC to add the delay internal to the IC chip. However, this alternative is clearly undesirable due to the cost and time required to redesign the chip layout.
Embodiments of the invention provide methods and systems for optimizing the timing margin of integrated circuit (IC) devices in System-in-package (SiP) modules. In the description herein for embodiments of the present invention, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the present invention.
Optimization of timing margins often requires the introduction of some delay in synchronous clock signals. This delay is used to adjust the setup and hold time of the clocks relative to the data. The present invention provides an electronic SiP module system that optimizes timing margins by routing clock signals from the SiP module to external-traces on a printed circuit board (PCB). Signal delay is introduced outside the SiP module and the appropriately delayed signal is then brought back into the SiP module and communicated back to the other IC device within the SiP module.
Referring now to
Controller IC device 102 is electrically coupled to each of the plurality of IC devices 108 by address bus 110, control bus 112 and by at least one clock signal trace 114.
In the embodiment shown in
Refer now to
A serpentine trace 208 is implemented on a conductor layer of PCB 202 where routing real estate is more readily available and is illustrated in
Accordingly, in accordance with the present invention, each clock signal is routed to two connectors to introduce trace delay outside of the SiP module. The, signal trace delay can be adjusted during electrical testing of the final assembly, during characterization, or on PCB 202 in the final product application. Advantageously, the present invention satisfies timing equations by adding any necessary timing delay outside of the SiP module and enables timing optimization to improved yield in high-volume manufacturing environments. A significant additional advantage is provided by bringing the clock signal and other control or reference signals out of the SiP to provide accessibility and testability of the SiP module.
Density, in terms of a much smaller SiP module is achieved by improved utilization of the substrate routing area. Performance, in terms of improved timing granularity is also achieved when the actual clock/data or clock/control relationship is known and controllable.
The improved control and monitoring of the timing relationships during the test phase enables improved characterization of the interface between IC devices and can be used to optimize or adjust the timing relationships to safely run at a higher or lower clock rates.
Advantageously, the avoidance of custom-made delay lines on, for example, each of a plurality of clock traces (which in one SiP module embodiment, could easily number about 50 such clock signals) reduces the cost per SiP module of a least one dollar per clock trace. A further advantage of the present invention minimizes SiP module dimensions thereby generating substantial savings in terms of the SiP module's substrate cost, reduced size of the PCB and lower power dissipation. While the additional connectors 206 and 210, which can approach an additional 100 connectors (for a SiP module with 50 clock signals) will introduce additional cost, the cost per connector is substantially less than the cost savings. In one embodiment, it is believed that the cost per additional connector is less than about a nickel and does not change the SiP Module size therefore these additional features can be added at minimal cost.
In another embodiment of the invention, a method for optimizing the timing margins of source-synchronous interface clocks has been provided, whereby the clock signals are transmitted to SiP module substrate through the connectors. The method comprises: generating clock signals; communicating the generated clock signals from a System-in-Package (SiP) module substrate to an external Printed Circuit Board (PCB); transmitting the clock signals to delay-traces to delay the clock signals, the delay-traces being present on an external PCB, Various embodiments of the invention provide a method for optimizing the integrity of clock signals In yet another embodiment of the invention, a system for optimizing the timing margins of interface clocks is provided. The system comprises: means for generating clock signals; means for communicating the generated clock signals to a System-in-Package (SiP) module substrate; means for transmitting the generated clock signals to delay-traces, the delay-traces delaying the clock signals, the delay-traces being present on an external PCB; and means for receiving the delayed clock signals from the delay-traces, the delayed clock signals being received by the SiP module substrate and routed to other IC devices on the SiP module such that the setup and hold times of data and control signals, relative to the clock signal are maintained for at least one clock rate.
In still another embodiment of the invention, a system for optimizing the timing margins of a clock signal is provided. The system comprises: a System-in-Package (SiP) module substrate electrically and mechanically coupled to an IC device, the SiP module receiving the clock signals generated by the IC device; a PCB electrically and mechanically coupled to the SiP module substrate, the PCB comprising delay-traces, the delay-traces introducing a delay in the clock signals; a plurality of IC devices electrically and mechanically attached to the SiP module substrate, the plurality of elements receiving the delayed clock signals.
Various embodiments of the present invention provide a much smaller module for better area utilization and improved the timing granularity. The present invention provides improved control and monitoring of timing signals during the test phase on Automated Test Equipment (ATE) and the field deployment.
Although the invention has been discussed with respect to specific embodiments thereof, these embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, of the invention. For example, a “SiP module substrate” can include a Multichip Module (MCM).
In the description herein, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus; systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the present invention.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or “a specific embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention and not necessarily in all embodiments. Thus, respective appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, or “in a specific embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any specific embodiment of the present invention may be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other embodiments. It is to be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein are possible in light of the teachings herein and are to be considered as part of the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate. As indicated, these modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention and are to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Thus, while the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosures, and it will be appreciated that in some instances some features of embodiments of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth. Therefore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the essential scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular terms used in following claims and/or to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.
As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, “a”, an and “the” includes plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.”
It will also be appreciated that one or more of the elements depicted in the drawings/figures can also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or even removed or rendered as inoperable in certain cases, as is useful in accordance with a particular application.
Additionally, any signal arrows in the drawings/Figures should be considered only as exemplary, and not limiting, unless otherwise specifically noted. Furthermore, the term “or” as used herein is generally intended to mean “and/or” unless otherwise indicated. Combinations of components or steps will also be considered as being noted, where terminology is foreseen as rendering the ability to separate or combine is unclear.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented by using application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic devices, field programmable gate arrays, optical, chemical, biological, quantum or nanoengineered systems, components and mechanisms may be used. In general, the functions of the present invention can be achieved by any means as is known in the art. Distributed, or networked systems, components and circuits can be used. Communication, or transfer, of data may be wired, wireless, or by any other means.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4942373 | Ozawa et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
6446249 | Wang et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
7450535 | Best | Nov 2008 | B2 |