Claims
- 1. A coaxial RF or microwave component that preferentially passes a radiation in a desired frequency band, comprising:
a. at least one RF or microwave radiation entry port in a conductive structure; b. at least one RF or microwave radiation exit port in the conductive structure; c. at least one passage, substantially bounded on the sides by the conductive structure, through which RF or microwave radiation passes when traveling from the at least one entry port to the at least one exit port; d. a central conductor extending along the at least one passage from the entry port to the exit port; and e. at least one conductive spoke extending between the central conductor and the conductive structure at each of a plurality of locations where successive locations along the length of the passage are spaced by approximately one-half of a propagation wavelength, or an integral multiple thereof, within the passage for a frequency to be passed by the component, wherein one or more of the following conditions are met (1) the central conductor, the conductive structure, and the conductive spokes are monolithic, (2) a cross-sectional dimension of the passage perpendicular to a propagation direction of the radiation along the passage is less than about 1 mm, more preferably less than about 0.5 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.25 mm, (3) more than about 50% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, more preferably more than about 70% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, and most preferably more than about 90% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, (4) at least a portion of the conductive portions of the component are formed by an electrodeposition process, (5) at least a portion of the conductive portions of the component are formed from a plurality of successively deposited layers, (6) at least a portion of the passage has a generally rectangular shape, (7) at least a portion of the central conductor has a generally rectangular shape, (8) the passage extends along a two-dimensional non-linear path, (9) the passage extends along a three-dimensional path, (10) the passage comprises at least one curved region and a side wall of the passage in the curved region has a nominally smaller radius than an opposite side of the passage in the curved region and is provided with a plurality of surface oscillations having smaller radii, (11) the conductive structure is provided with channels at one or more locations where the electrical field at a surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage, more preferably less than 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (12) the conductive structure is provided with patches of a different conductive material at one or more locations where the electrical field at the surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage more preferably less than about 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than about 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (13) mitered corners are used at least some junctions for segments of the passage that meet at angles between 60° and 120°, and/or (14) the conductive spokes are spaced at an integral multiple of one-half the wavelength and bulges on the central conductor or bulges extending from the conductive structure extend into the passage at one or more locations spaced from the conductive spokes by an integral multiple of approximately one-half the wavelength.
- 2. The component of claim 1 wherein condition one (1) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 3. The component of claim 1 wherein condition two (2) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 4. The component of claim 1 wherein condition three (3) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 5. The component of claim 1 wherein condition four (4) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 6. The component of claim 1 wherein condition five (5) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 7. The component of claim 1 wherein condition six (6) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 8. The component of claim 1 wherein condition seven (7) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 9. The component of claim 1 wherein condition eight (8) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 10. The component of claim 1 wherein condition nine (9) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 11. The component of claim 1 wherein condition ten (10) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 12. The component of claim 1 wherein condition eleven (11) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 13. The component of claim 1 wherein condition twelve (12) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 14. The component of claim 1 wherein condition thirteen (13) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 15. The component of claim 1 wherein condition fourteen (14) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 16. The component of claim 1 wherein the conductive structure, the central conductor, or the spokes comprise a metal.
- 17. The component of claim 1 wherein the surface of at least one of the conductive structure or the central conductor comprises a more conductive metal plated above a less conductive material.
- 18. The component of claim 1 wherein the passage is substantially filled with a solid dielectric material.
- 19. The component of claim 1 wherein the desired frequency band is centered on a frequency greater than about 2 GHz, more preferably greater than about 10 GHz, and even more preferably greater about 20 GHz.
- 20. The component of claim 1 wherein the at least one spoke comprises one of (1) at least three sets of two spokes, more preferably at least four sets of two spokes, and most preferably at least five sets of two spokes, or (2) at least three sets of four spokes, more preferably at least four sets of four spokes, and most preferably at least five sets of four spokes.
- 21. A coaxial RF or microwave component that preferentially passes a radiation in a desired frequency band, comprising:
a. at least one RF or microwave radiation entry port in a conductive structure; b. at least one RF or microwave radiation exit port in the conductive structure; c. at least one passage, substantially bounded on the sides by the conductive structure, through which RF or microwave radiation passes when traveling from the at least one entry port to the at least one exit port; d. a central conductor extending along the at least one passage from the entry port to the exit port; and e. at a plurality of locations along a length of the passage, a pair of conductive stubs extending from approximately the same position along a length of the passage, one having an inductive property and the other having a capacitive property, each extending into a closed channel that extends from a side of the passage, wherein the successive locations along the length of the passage are spaced by approximately one-quarter of a propagation wavelength, or an integral multiple thereof, within the passage for a frequency to be passed by the component, wherein one or more of the following conditions are met (1) the central conductor, the conductive structure, and the conductive stubs are monolithic, (2) a cross-sectional dimension of the passage perpendicular to a propagation direction of the radiation along the passage is less than about 1 mm, more preferably less than about 0.5 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.25 mm, (3) more than about 50% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, more preferably more than about 70% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, and most preferably more than about 90% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, (4) at least a portion of the conductive portions of the component are formed by an electrodeposition process, (5) at least a portion of the conductive portions of the component are formed from a plurality of successively deposited layers, (6) at least a portion of the passage has a generally rectangular shape, (7) at least a portion of the central conductor has a generally rectangular shape, (8) the passage extends along a two-dimensional non-linear path, (9) the passage extends along a three-dimensional path, (10) the passage comprises at least one curved region and a side wall of the passage in the curved region has a nominally smaller radius than an opposite side of the passage in the curved region and is provided with a plurality of surface oscillations having smaller radii, (11) the conductive structure is provided with channels at one or more locations where the electrical field at a surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage, more preferably less than 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (12) the conductive structure is provided with patches of a different conductive material at one or more locations where the electrical field at the surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage more preferably less than about 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than about 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (13) mitered corners are used at least some junctions for segments of the passage that meet at angles between 60° and 120°, and/or (14) the conductive stubs are spaced at an integral multiple of one-quarter the wavelength and bulges on the central conductor or bulges extending from the conductive structure extend into the passage at one or more locations spaced from the conductive stubs by an integral multiple of approximately one-half the wavelength.
- 22. The component of claim 21 wherein condition one (1) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 23. The component of claim 21 wherein condition two (2) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 24. The component of claim 21 wherein condition three (3) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 25. The component of claim 21 wherein condition four (4) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 26. The component of claim 21 wherein condition five (5) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 27. The component of claim 21 wherein condition six (6) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 28. The component of claim 21 wherein condition seven (7) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 29. The component of claim 21 wherein condition eight (8) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 30. The component of claim 21 wherein condition nine (9) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 31. The component of claim 21 wherein condition ten (10) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 32. The component of claim 21 wherein condition eleven (11) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 33. The component of claim 21 wherein condition twelve (12) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 34. The component of claim 21 wherein condition thirteen (13) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 35. The component of claim 21 wherein condition fourteen (14) is met and at least one other condition is met.
- 36. The component of claim 21 wherein the conductive structure, the central conductor, or the stubs comprise a metal.
- 37. The component of claim 21 wherein the surface of at least one of the conductive structure or the central conductor comprises a more conductive metal plated above a less conductive material.
- 38. The component of claim 21 wherein passage is substantially filled with a dielectric material.
- 39. The component of claim 21 wherein the desired frequency band is centered around a frequency greater than about 2 GHz, more preferably greater than about 10 GHz, and even more preferably greater about 20 GHz.
- 40. The component of claim 21 wherein the at least one pair of stubs comprises one stub having a length greater than about one-quarter the wavelength and a second stub having a length less than about one-quarter the wavelength, and the component includes at least three pairs of stubs, more preferably at least four pairs stubs, and most preferably at least five pairs of stubs.
- 41. A coaxial RF or microwave component that guides or controls radiation, comprising:
a. at least one RF or microwave radiation entry port in a conductive structure; b. at least one RF or microwave radiation exit port in the conductive structure; c. at least one passage substantially bounded on the sides by the conductive structure through which RF or microwave radiation passes when traveling from the at least one entry port to the at least one exit port; d. a central conductor extending along a length of the at least one passage from the entry port to the exit port; and e. a branch in the passage down which a branch of the central conductor runs and in which the central conductor shorts against the conductive structure, wherein at least one of the following conditions is met (1) the branch of the central conductor, the conductive structure surrounding the branch, and a location of shorting between the central conductor and the conductive structure are monolithic, (2) at least a portion of the central conductor or the conductive structure comprises material formed from a plurality of successively deposited layers, and/or (3) at least a portion of the central conductor or the conductive structure comprises material formed by a plurality of electrodeposition operations.
- 42. The component of claim 41 wherein one or more of the following conditions are also met: (1) a cross-sectional dimension of the passage perpendicular to a propagation direction of the radiation along the passage is less than about 1 mm, more preferably less than about 0.5 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.25 mm, (2) more than about 50% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, more preferably more than about 70% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, and most preferably more than about 90% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, (3) at least a portion of the passage has a generally rectangular shape, (4) at least a portion of the central conductor has a generally rectangular shape, (5) the passage extends along a two-dimensional non-linear path, (6) the passage extends along a three-dimensional path, (7) the passage comprises at least one curved region and a side wall of the passage in the curved region has a nominally smaller radius than an opposite side of the passage in the curved region and is provided with a plurality of surface oscillations having smaller radii, (8) the conductive structure is provided with channels at one or more locations where the electrical field at a surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage, more preferably less than 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (9) the conductive structure is provided with patches of a different conductive material at one or more locations where the electrical field at the surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage more preferably less than about 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than about 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (10) mitered corners are used at least some junctions for segments of the passage that meet at angles between 60° and 120°, and/or (11) the conductive stubs are spaced at an integral multiple of one-quarter the wavelength and bulges on the central conductor or bulges extending from the conductive structure extend into the passage at one or more locations spaced from the conductive stubs by an integral multiple of approximately one-half the wavelength.
- 43. An RF or microwave component that guides or controls radiation, comprising:
a. at least one RF or microwave radiation entry port in a conductive metal structure; b. at least one RF or microwave radiation exit port in the conductive metal structure; c. at least one passage substantially bounded on the sides by the conductive metal structure through which RF or microwave energy passes when traveling from the at least one entry port to the at least one exit port; and
wherein at least one the following conditions are met: (1) at least a portion of the conductive metal structure comprises a metal formed by a plurality of electrodeposition operations, and/or (2) at least a portion of the conductive metal structure comprises a metal formed from a plurality of successively deposited layers.
- 44. The component of claim 43 additionally comprising a central metal conductor extending along the at least one passage from the at least one radiation entry port to the at least one radiation exit port.
- 45. The component of claims 43 wherein one or more of the following conditions are also met: (1) a cross-sectional dimension of the passage perpendicular to a propagation direction of the radiation along the passage is less than about 1 mm, more preferably less than about 0.5 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.25 mm, (2) more than about 50% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, more preferably more than about 70% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, and most preferably more than about 90% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, (3) at least a portion of the passage has a generally rectangular shape, (4) at least a portion of the central conductor has a generally rectangular shape, (5) the passage extends along a two-dimensional non-linear path, (6) the passage extends along a three-dimensional path, (7) the passage comprises at least one curved region and a side wall of the passage in the curved region has a nominally smaller radius than an opposite side of the passage in the curved region and is provided with a plurality of surface oscillations having smaller radii, (8) the conductive structure is provided with channels at one or more locations where the electrical field at a surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage, more preferably less than 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (9) the conductive structure is provided with patches of a different conductive material at one or more locations where the electrical field at the surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage more preferably less than about 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than about 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (10) mitered corners are used at least some junctions for segments of the passage that meet at angles between 60° and 120°, and/or (11) the conductive stubs are spaced at an integral multiple of one-quarter the wavelength and bulges on the central conductor or bulges extending from the conductive structure extend into the passage at one or more locations spaced from the conductive stubs by an integral multiple of approximately one-half the wavelength, (12) the conductive structure is monolithic.
- 46. An RF or microwave component that guides or controls radiation, comprising:
a. at least one RF or microwave energy entry port in a conductive metal structure; and b. at least one passage substantially bounded on the sides by the conductive metal structure through which RF or microwave energy passes when traveling from the at least one entry port; and
wherein at least a portion of the metal structure comprises a metal formed by a plurality of electrodeposition operations and/or from a plurality of successively deposited layers.
- 47. The component of claim 46 additionally comprising at least one RF or microwave energy exit port in the conductive metal structure.
- 48. The component of claims 46 wherein one or more of the following conditions are met: (1) a cross-sectional dimension of the passage perpendicular to a propagation direction of the radiation along the passage is less than about 1 mm, more preferably less than about 0.5 mm, and most preferably less than about 0.25 mm, (2) more than about 50% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, more preferably more than about 70% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, and most preferably more than about 90% of the passage is filled with a gaseous medium, (3) at least a portion of the passage has a generally rectangular shape, (4) at least a portion of the central conductor has a generally rectangular shape, (5) the passage extends along a two-dimensional non-linear path, (6) the passage extends along a three-dimensional path, (7) the passage comprises at least one curved region and a side wall of the passage in the curved region has a nominally smaller radius than an opposite side of the passage in the curved region and is provided with a plurality of surface oscillations having smaller radii, (8) the conductive structure is provided with channels at one or more locations where the electrical field at a surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage, more preferably less than 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (9) the conductive structure is provided with patches of a different conductive material at one or more locations where the electrical field at the surface of the conductive structure, if it were there, would have been less than about 20% of its maximum value within the passage more preferably less than about 10% of its maximum value within the passage, even more preferably less than about 5% of its maximum value within the passage, and most preferably where the electrical field would have been approximately zero, (10) mitered corners are used at least some junctions for segments of the passage that meet at angles between 60° and 120°, and/or (11) the conductive stubs are spaced at an integral multiple of one-quarter the wavelength and bulges on the central conductor or bulges extending from the conductive structure extend into the passage at one or more locations spaced from the conductive stubs by an integral multiple of approximately one-half the wavelength, (12) the conductive structure is monolithic.
- 49. The component of claim 46 additionally comprising a magnetic material located within the conductive structure.
- 50. The component of claim 49 wherein the magnetic material comprises a magnetic material in a solidified dielectric binder.
- 51. The component of claim 49 wherein the binder is a polymerized material.
- 52. The component of claim 49 wherein the magnetic material comprises a sintered magnetic material.
- 53. The component of claim 49 wherein the component comprises one or more of an isolator, a circulator, a phase shifter, a tunable filter, or a switch.
- 54. The component of claims 46 additionally comprising an RF or microwave absorptive material comprised of a particulate conductive material embedded in a solidified dielectric binder.
- 55. The component of claim 46 additionally comprising an RF or microwave absorptive material comprised of a particulate conductive material embedded in a solidified dielectric binder wherein the particulate conductive material comprises carbon.
- 56. The component of claim 54wherein the component comprises an attenuator or a termination.
- 57. The component of claim 46 wherein the at least one passage extends along a three-dimensional path.
- 58. The component of claim 56 wherein the three-dimensional path comprises a three-dimensional spiral.
- 59. The component of claim 46 whose production comprises one or more of the following operations:
a. selectively electrodepositing a first conductive material and electrodepositing a second conductive material, wherein one of the first or second conductive materials is a sacrificial material and the other is a structural material; b. electrodepositing a first conductive material, selectively etching the first structural material to create at least one void, and electrodepositing a second conductive material to fill the at least one void; c. electrodepositing at least one conductive material, depositing at least one flowable dielectric material, and depositing a seed layer of conductive material in preparation for formation of a next layer of electrodeposited material, and/or d. selectively electrodepositing a first conductive material, then electrodepositing a second conductive material, then selectively etching one of the first or second conductive materials, and then electrodepositing a third conductive material, wherein at least one of the first, second, or third conductive materials is a sacrificial material and at least one of the remaining two conductive materials is a structural material.
- 60. The component of claim 46 whose production comprises one or more of the following operations:
a. separating at least one sacrificial material from at least one structural material; b. separating a first sacrificial material from (a) a second sacrificial material and (b) at least one structural material to create a void, then filling at least a portion of the void with a dielectric material, and thereafter separating the second sacrificial material from the structural material and from the dielectric material; and/or c. filling a void in a structural material with a magnetic or conductive material embedded in a flowable dielectric material and thereafter solidifying the dielectric material.
- 61. The component claim 46, a wherein the component comprises one or more of a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, a reflection base filter, an absorption based filter, a leaky wall filter, a delay line, an impedance matching structure for connecting other functional components, an antennae, a feedhorn, a directional coupler, or a combiner (e.g. a quadrature hybrid, a hybrid ring, a Wilkinson combiner, a magic T).
- 62. The component of claim 46, wherein the component comprises one or more of a microminiature coaxial component, a transmission line, a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a band pass filter, a reflection-based filter, an absorption-based filter, a leaky wall filter, a delay line, an impedance matching structure for connecting other functional components, a directional coupler, a power combiner (e.g., Wilkinson) , a power splitter, a hybrid combiner, a magic TEE, a frequency multiplexer, or a frequency demultiplexer, a pyramidal (smooth wall) feedhorn antenna, and/or a scalar (corrugated wall) feedhorn antenna.
- 63. A microminiature RF or microwave coaxial component, comprising an inner conductor that has an axis which is substantially coaxial with an axis an outer conductor wherein the inner and outer conductors are spaced from one another by a dielectric gap wherein a minimum cross-sectional dimension from an inside wall of the outer conductor to an opposing inside wall of the outer conductor is less than about 200 μm.
- 64. An RF or microwave component that guides or controls radiation, comprising:
a. at least one RF or microwave radiation entry port and at least one exit port within a conductive metal structure; and b. at least one passage substantially bounded on the sides by the conductive metal structure through which RF or microwave energy passes when traveling from the at least one entry port; and c. at least one branching channel along the at least one passage, wherein the conductive metal structure surrounding the passage and the channel in proximity to a branching region of the channel from the passage is monolithic.
- 65. An electrical device, comprising a plurality of layers of successively deposited material, wherein the pattern resulting from the depositions provide at least one structure that is usable as an electrical device.
- 66. The device of claim 65 wherein the electrical device is a wireless device.
- 67. The device of claim 65 wherein the electrical device is an RF device.
- 68. The device of claim 65 wherein the device comprises an RF switch, an inductor capable of RF application, or a transmission line.
- 69. The device of claim 65 wherein a majority of the functional portion of the device is elevated from a substrate whereby parasitic capacitance is reduced.
- 70. The device of claim 65 comprising an RF switch wherein a control electrode for the switch is at a different elevation than either contact element of the switch.
- 71. The device of claim 65 comprising an RF switch wherein a size of electrode gap is independent of the size of a contact gap.
- 72. The device of claim 65 wherein the RF device comprises an inductor that includes at least three layers of inductive loop elements spaced from each other.
- 73. The device of claim 72 wherein each inductive loop is spaced from a plane of a substrate to which the inductor is attached or formed on.
- 74. The device of claim 65 wherein the RF device comprises an inductor of a partial or complete toroidal configuration that comprises a plurality of conductive loops.
- 75. The device of claim 74 wherein each portion of each loop is separated from a plane of a substrate to which the inductor is attached or formed on.
- 76. A method of manufacturing an RF device, comprising:
a. depositing a plurality of adhered layers of material, wherein the deposition of each layer of material comprises,
b. selective deposition of at least a first material; c. deposition of at least a second material; and d. planarization of at least a portion of the deposited material; e. removal of at least a portion of the first or second material after deposition of the plurality of layers; wherein a structural pattern resulting from the deposition and the removal provides at least one structure that is usable as an electrical device.
- 77. The method of claim 72 wherein the electrical device is usable as an RF device.
- 78. A method of manufacturing a microdevice, comprising:
a. depositing a plurality of adhered layers of material, wherein the deposition of each layer of material comprises,
i. deposition of at least a first material; ii. deposition of at least a second material; and b. removing of at least a portion of the first or second material after deposition of the plurality of layers; wherein a structure resulting from the deposition and the removal provides at least one structure that can function as (1) a toroidal inductor, (2) a switch, (3) a helical inductor, or (4) an antenna.
- 79. An apparatus for manufacturing a microdevice, comprising:
a. means for depositing a plurality of adhered layers of material, wherein the deposition of each layer of material comprises utilization of,
i. a means for selective deposition of at least a first material; ii. a means for deposition of at least a second material; and b. means for removing at least a portion of the first or second material after deposition of the plurality of layers; wherein a structure resulting from use of the means for depositing and the means for removing provides at least one structure that can function as (1) a toroidal inductor, (2) a switch, (3) a helical inductor, or (4) an antenna.
- 80. A microtoroidal inductor comprising a plurality of conductive loop elements configured to form at least a portion of a toroidal pattern wherein the toroidal pattern may be construed to have an inner diameter and an outer diameter and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of loops have a larger cross-sectional dimension in proximity to the outer diameter than in proximity to the inner diameter.
- 81. A microantenna comprising an antenna that is at least in part separated from a substrate.
- 82. The microantenna of claim 90 comprising a plurality of elements that are not located in a common plane.
- 83. The microantenna of claim 90 wherein the entire antenna is separated from the substrate by support element that has a cross-sectional dimension that is a substantially smaller than that of the antenna.
- 84. A method of manufacturing an RF device, comprising:
a. depositing a plurality of adhered layers of material, wherein the deposition of each layer of material comprises,
i. selective deposition of at least a first material; ii. deposition of at least a second material; and iii. planarization of at least a portion of the deposited material; b. removing at least a portion of the first or second material after deposition of a plurality of layers; wherein a structural pattern resulting from the deposition and the removal provides at least one structure that is usable as an RF device.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos.: 60/338,638 filed on Dec. 3, 2001; 60/340,372 filed on Dec. 6, 2001; 60/379,133 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/379,182 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/379,184 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/415,374 filed on Oct. 1, 2002; 60/379,130 filed on May 7, 2002 and 60/392,531 filed on Jun. 27, 2002, all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full.
Provisional Applications (11)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60338638 |
Dec 2001 |
US |
|
60340372 |
Dec 2001 |
US |
|
60379133 |
May 2002 |
US |
|
60415374 |
Oct 2002 |
US |
|
60379130 |
May 2002 |
US |
|
60392531 |
Jun 2002 |
US |
|
60379182 |
May 2002 |
US |
|
60379184 |
May 2002 |
US |
|
60415374 |
Oct 2002 |
US |
|
60379130 |
May 2002 |
US |
|
60392531 |
Jun 2002 |
US |