MODULATORY POLYNUCLEOTIDES

Abstract

The present invention relates to adeno-associated viral (AAV) particles modulatory polynucleotides encoding at least one siRNA molecules and methods of use thereof.

Description

REFERENCE TO THE SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Dec. 23, 2021 is named 2057_1045USCON_SL and is 6,814,412 bytes in size.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions, methods and processes for the design, preparation, manufacture, use and/or formulation of AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., polynucleotides encoding at least one small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules which targets at least one gene of interest. Targeting the gene of interest may interfere with the gene expression and the resultant protein production. The AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding at least one siRNA molecules may be inserted into recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Methods for using the AAV particles to inhibit the expression of the gene of interest in a subject are also disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

MicroRNAs (or miRNAs or miRs) are small, non-coding, single stranded ribonucleic acid molecules (RNAs), which are usually 19-25 nucleotides in length. More than a thousand microRNAs have been identified in mammalian genomes. The mature microRNAs primarily bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through partially or fully pairing with the complementary sequences of target mRNAs, promoting the degradation of target mRNAs at a post-transcriptional level, and in some cases, inhibiting the initiation of translation. MicroRNAs play a critical role in many key biological processes, such as the regulation of cell cycle and growth, apoptosis, cell proliferation and tissue development.

miRNA genes are generally transcribed as long primary transcripts of miRNAs (i.e. pri-miRNAs). The pri-miRNA is cleaved into a precursor of a miRNA (i.e. pre-miRNA) which is further processed to generate the mature and functional miRNA.

While many target expression strategies employ nucleic acid based modalities, there remains a need for improved nucleic acid modalities which have higher specificity and with fewer off target effects.

The present invention provides such improved modalities in the form of artificial pri-, pre- and mature microRNA constructs and methods of their design. These novel constructs may be synthetic stand-alone molecules or be encoded in a plasmid or expression vector for delivery to cells. Such vectors include, but are not limited to adeno-associated viral vectors such as vector genomes of any of the AAV serotypes or other viral delivery vehicles such as lentivirus, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Described herein are methods, processes, compositions, kits and devices for the administration of AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding at least one siRNA molecule for the treatment, prophylaxis, palliation and/or amelioration of a disease and/or disorder.

The details of various embodiments of the invention are set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and the drawings, and from the claims.

Set forth below are non-limiting embodiments that are representative of the subject matter description herein:

1. An adeno-associated viral (AAV) viral genome comprising a nucleic acid sequence positioned between two inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), wherein said nucleic acid when expressed inhibits or suppresses the expression of a target gene in a cell, wherein said nucleic acid sequence comprises, in a 5′ to 3′ order: a first region encoding a first sense strand sequence, a second region encoding a first antisense strand sequence, a third region encoding a second sense strand, and a fourth region encoding a second antisense strand sequence, wherein the first and second sense strand sequences comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides and the first and second antisense strand sequences are complementary to an mRNA produced by the target gene and comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, and wherein said first sense strand sequence and first antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length and said second sense strand sequence and second antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length.

2. An adeno-associated viral (AAV) viral genome comprising a nucleic acid sequence positioned between two inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), wherein said nucleic acid when expressed inhibits or suppresses the expression of a first target gene and a second target gene in a cell, wherein said nucleic acid sequence comprises, in a 5′ to 3′ order: a first region encoding a first sense strand sequence, a second region encoding a first antisense strand sequence, a third region encoding a second sense strand, and a fourth region encoding a second antisense strand sequence, wherein the first and second sense strand sequences comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides and the first antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by the first target gene and the second antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by the second target gene and comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, and wherein said first sense strand sequence and first antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length and said second sense strand sequence and second antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length.

3. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 2, further comprising, in a 5′ to 3′ order, a fifth region encoding a third sense strand sequence and a sixth region encoding a third antisense strand sequence, wherein the third sense strand sequence comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides and the third antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by a third target gene and comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, and wherein said third sense strand sequence and third antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides.

4. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, further comprising, in a 5′ to 3′ order, a seventh region encoding a fourth sense strand sequence and a eighth region encoding a fourth antisense strand sequence, wherein the fourth sense strand sequence comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides and the fourth antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by a fourth target gene and comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, and wherein said fourth sense strand sequence and fourth antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides.

5. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 2, wherein the first target gene is the same as the second target gene.

6. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the third target gene is the same as the first target gene.

7. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the third target gene is the same as the second target gene.

8. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the first target gene, the second target gene and the third target gene are the same.

9. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene.

10. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the second target gene.

11. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the third target gene.

12. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene and the second target gene.

13. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the second target gene and the third target gene.

14. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene, the second target gene and the third target gene.

15. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-14 wherein the first target gene, the second target gene, the third target gene and/or the fourth target gene is Huntingtin.

16. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-14 wherein the first target gene, the second target gene, the third target gene and/or the fourth target gene is SOD1.

17. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-14 wherein the first target gene, the second target gene, the third target gene and/or the fourth target gene is Huntingtin or SOD1.

18. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the region of complementarity between the first sense strand and the first antisense strand is at least 12 nucleotides in length.

19. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 18, wherein the region of complementarity between the first sense strand and the first antisense strand is between 14 and 21 nucleotides in length.

20. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 19, wherein the region of complementarity between the first sense strand and the first antisense strand is 19 nucleotides in length.

21. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the region of complementarity between the second sense strand and the second antisense strand is at least 12 nucleotides in length.

22. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 21, wherein the region of complementarity between the second sense strand and the second antisense strand is between 14 and 21 nucleotides in length.

23. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 22, wherein the region of complementarity between the second sense strand and the second antisense strand is 19 nucleotides in length.

24. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the region of complementarity between the third sense strand and the third antisense strand is at least 12 nucleotides in length.

25. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 24, wherein the region of complementarity between the third sense strand and the third antisense strand is between 14 and 21 nucleotides in length.

26. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 25, wherein the region of complementarity between the third sense strand and the third antisense strand is 19 nucleotides in length.

27. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the region of complementarity between the fourth sense strand and the fourth antisense strand is at least 12 nucleotides in length.

28. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 27, wherein the region of complementarity between the fourth sense strand and the fourth antisense strand is between 14 and 21 nucleotides in length.

29. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 25, wherein the region of complementarity between the fourth sense strand and the fourth antisense strand is 19 nucleotides in length.

30. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first sense strand sequence, the second sense strand sequence, the first antisense strand sequence, and the second antisense strand sequence are, independently, 30 nucleotides or less.

31. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the first sense strand sequence, the second sense strand sequence, the third sense strand sequence, the first antisense strand sequence, the second antisense strand sequence and the third antisense strand sequence, are, independently, 30 nucleotides or less.

32. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4 wherein the first sense strand sequence, the second sense strand sequence, the third sense strand sequence, the fourth sense strand sequence, the first antisense strand sequence, the second antisense strand sequence, the third antisense strand sequence and the fourth antisense strand sequence, are, independently, 30 nucleotides or less.

33. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first sense strand sequence and the first antisense strand sequence or the second sense strand sequence and the second antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide.

34. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first sense strand sequence and the first antisense strand sequence or the second sense strand sequence and the second antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 2 nucleotides.

35. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the third sense strand sequence and the third antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide.

36. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the third sense strand sequence and the third antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 2 nucleotides.

37. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4 wherein the fourth sense strand sequence and the fourth antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide.

38. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4 wherein the fourth sense strand sequence and the fourth antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 2 nucleotides.

39. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-38, wherein the first region comprises, a promoter 5′ of the first sense strand sequence followed by the first sense strand sequence, and the second region comprises the first antisense strand sequence followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the first antisense strand sequence; or the third region comprises a promoter 5′ of the second sense strand sequence followed by the second sense strand sequence, and the fourth region comprises the second antisense strand sequence followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the second antisense strand sequence.

40. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-38, wherein the first region comprises, a promoter 5′ of the first sense strand sequence followed by the first sense strand sequence, and the second region comprises the first antisense strand sequence followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the first antisense strand sequence; and the third region comprises a promoter 5′ of the second sense strand sequence followed by the second sense strand sequence, and the fourth region comprises the second antisense strand sequence followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the second antisense strand sequence.

41. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 3-40, wherein the fifth region comprises a promoter 5′ of the third sense strand sequence followed by the third sense strand sequence and the sixth region comprises the third antisense strand sequence followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the third antisense strand sequence.

42. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 4-41 wherein the seventh region comprises a promoter 5′ of the fourth sense strand sequence followed by the fourth sense strand sequence and the eighth region comprises the fourth antisense strand sequence followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the fourth antisense strand sequence.

43. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the fifth region is 3′ of the fourth region.

44. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the seventh region is 3′ of the sixth region.

45. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 39-44 wherein a promoter is a Pol III promoter and the promoter terminator is a Pol III promoter terminator.

46. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 45, wherein the Pol III promoter is a U3, U6, U7, 7SK, H1, or MRP, EBER, seleno-cysteine tRNA, 7SL, adenovirus VA-1, or telomerase gene promoter, and the Pol III promoter terminator is a U3, U6, U7, 7SK, H1, or MRP, EBER, seleno-cysteine tRNA, 7SL, adenovirus VA-1, or telomerase gene promoter terminator, respectively.

47. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 46, wherein the Pol III promoter is an H1 promoter and the Pol III promoter terminator is an H1 promoter terminator.

48. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-47, wherein the AAV viral genome is a monospecific polycistronic AAV viral genome.

49 The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-47, wherein the AAV viral genome is a bispecific polycistronic AAV viral genome.

50. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first region and the second region encode a first siRNA molecule, and the third region and the fourth region encode a second siRNA molecule, wherein the first and the second siRNA molecules target a different target gene.

51. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 3, wherein the fifth region and the sixth region encode a third siRNA molecule, wherein the first siRNA molecule, the second siRNA molecule and the third siRNA molecule each target a different target gene.

52. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 4, wherein the seventh region and the eighth region encode a fourth siRNA molecule, wherein the first siRNA molecule, the second siRNA molecule, the third siRNA molecule and the fourth siRNA molecule each target a different target gene.

53. An adeno-associated viral (AAV) viral genome comprising a nucleic acid sequence positioned between two inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), wherein said nucleic acid sequence comprises a first molecular scaffold region and a second molecular scaffold region, wherein said first molecular scaffold region comprises a first molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence encoding:

• • (a) a first stem and loop to form a first stem-loop structure, the sequence of said first stem-loop structure from 5′ to 3′ comprising:
    • i. a first UG motif at or near the base of the first 5′ stem of the first stem-loop structure;
    • ii. a first 5′ stem arm comprising a first sense strand and optional first 5′ spacer region, wherein said first 5′ spacer region, when present, is located between said first UG motif and said first sense strand;
    • iii. a first loop region comprising a first UGUG motif at the 5′ end of said first loop region;
    • iv. a first 3′ stem arm comprising a first antisense strand and optionally a first 3′ spacer region, wherein a uridine is present at the 5′ end of said first antisense strand and wherein said first 3′ spacer region, when present, has a length sufficient to form one helical turn;
  • (b) a first 5′ flanking region located 5′ to said first stem-loop structure; and
  • (c) a first 3′ flanking region located 3′ to said first stem-loop structure, said first 3′ flanking region comprising a CNNC motif, anda second molecular scaffold region comprising a second molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence encoding
  • (d) a second stem and loop to form a second stem-loop structure, the sequence of said second stem-loop structure from 5′ to 3′ comprising:
    • v. a second UG motif at or near the base of the second 5′ stem of the second stem-loop structure;
    • vi. a second 5′ stem arm comprising a second sense strand and optional second 5′ spacer region, wherein said second 5′ spacer region, when present, is located between said second UG motif and said second sense strand;
    • vii. a second loop region comprising a second UGUG motif at the 5′ end of said second loop region;
    • viii. a second 3′ stem arm comprising a second antisense strand and optionally a second 3′ spacer region, wherein a uridine is present at the 5′ end of said second antisense strand and wherein said second 3′ spacer region, when present, has a length sufficient to form one helical turn;
    • ix. a second 5′ flanking region located 5′ to said second stem-loop structure; and
  • (e) a second 3′ flanking region located 3′ to said second stem-loop structure, said second 3′ flanking region comprising a CNNC motif, andwherein said first antisense strand and said first sense strand form a first siRNA duplex and said second antisense strand and said second sense strand form a second siRNA duplex, where the first siRNA duplex, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of a first target gene in a cell, and the second siRNA duplex, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of a second target gene in a cell, wherein the first and second sense strand sequences comprise at least 15 nucleotides, the first antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by the first target gene and second antisense strand sequences is complementary to an mRNA produced by the second target gene, and wherein said first sense strand sequence and first antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length and said second sense strand sequence and second antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length.

54. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) viral genome comprising a nucleic acid sequence positioned between two inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), wherein said nucleic acid sequence comprises a first molecular scaffold region and a second molecular scaffold region, wherein said first molecular scaffold region comprises a first molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence encoding:

• • (a) a first stem and loop to form a first stem-loop structure, the sequence of said first stem-loop structure from 5′ to 3′ comprising:
    • i. a first UG motif at or near the base of the first 5′ stem of the first stem-loop structure;
    • ii. a first 5′ stem arm comprising a first antisense strand and optional first 5′ spacer region, wherein said first 5′ spacer region, when present, is located between said first UG motif and said first antisense strand;
    • iii. a first loop region comprising a first UGUG motif at the 5′ end of said first loop region;
    • iv. a first 3′ stem arm comprising a first sense strand and optionally a first 3′ spacer region, wherein a uridine is present at the 5′ end of said first sense strand and wherein said first 3′ spacer region, when present, has a length sufficient to form one helical turn;
  • (b) a first 5′ flanking region located 5′ to said first stem-loop structure; and
  • (c) a first 3′ flanking region located 3′ to said first stem-loop structure, said first 3′ flanking region comprising a CNNC motif, anda second molecular scaffold region comprising a second molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence encoding
  • (d) a second stem and loop to form a second stem-loop structure, the sequence of said second stem-loop structure from 5′ to 3′ comprising:
    • v. a second UG motif at or near the base of the second 5′ stem of the second stem-loop structure;
    • vi. a second 5′ stem arm comprising a second antisense strand and optional second 5′ spacer region, wherein said second 5′ spacer region, when present, is located between said second UG motif and said second antisense strand;
    • vii. a second loop region comprising a second UGUG motif at the 5′ end of said second loop region;
    • viii. a second 3′ stem arm comprising a second sense strand and optionally a second 3′ spacer region, wherein a uridine is present at the 5′ end of said second sense strand and wherein said second 3′ spacer region, when present, has a length sufficient to form one helical turn;
  • (e) a second 5′ flanking region located 5′ to said second stem-loop structure; and
  • (f) a second 3′ flanking region located 3′ to said second stem-loop structure, said second 3′ flanking region comprising a CNNC motif, andwherein said first antisense strand and said first sense strand form a first siRNA duplex and said second antisense strand and said second sense strand form a second siRNA duplex, where the first siRNA duplex, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of a first target gene in a cell, and the second siRNA duplex, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of a second target gene in a cell, wherein the first and second sense strand sequences comprise at least 15 nucleotides, the first antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by the first target gene and second antisense strand sequences is complementary to an mRNA produced by the second target gene, and wherein said first sense strand sequence and first antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length and said second sense strand sequence and second antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length.

55. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first antisense strand sequence or the second antisense strand sequence inhibits or suppresses the expression of Huntingtin.

56. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first antisense strand sequence and the second antisense sequence strand inhibits or suppresses the expression of Huntingtin.

57. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first antisense strand sequence or the second antisense strand sequence inhibits or suppresses the expression of SOD1.

58. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first antisense strand sequence and the second antisense strand sequence inhibits or suppresses the expression of SOD1.

59. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first 5′ flanking region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 10.

60. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the second 5′ flanking region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 10.

61. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 59, wherein the second 5′ flanking region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 10.

62. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first loop region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 11.

63. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the second loop region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 11.

64. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 62, wherein the second loop region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 11.

65. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the first 3′ flanking region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 12.

66. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the second 3′ flanking region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 12.

67. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 65, wherein the second 3′ flanking region is selected from the sequences listed in Table 12.

68. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the nucleic acid sequence comprises a promoter sequence between the first molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence and the second molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence.

69. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53 or 54, further comprising, in (b), a promoter 5′ of the first 5′ flanking region followed by the first 5′ flanking region and in (c) the first 3′ flanking region followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the first '3 flanking region, and in (d), a promoter 5′ of the second 5′ flanking region followed by the second 5′ flanking region and in (e) the second 3′ flanking region followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the second 3′ flanking region.

70. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 69, wherein the promoter is a Pol III promoter.

71. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 70, wherein the Pol III promoter sequence is a U3, U6, U7, 7SK, H1, or MRP, EBER, seleno-cysteine tRNA, 7SL, adenovirus VA-1, or telomerase gene promoter.

72. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 71, wherein the Pol III promoter is an H1 promoter.

73. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53, wherein the nucleic acid sequence further comprises a third molecular scaffold region comprising a third molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence encoding:

• • (g) a third stem and loop to form a third stem-loop structure, the sequence of said third stem-loop structure from 5′ to 3′ comprising:
    • ix. a third UG motif at or near the base of the third 5′ stem of the third stem-loop structure;
    • x. a third 5′ stem arm comprising a third sense strand and optional third 5′ spacer region, wherein said third 5′ spacer region, when present, is located between said third UG motif and said third sense strand;
    • xi. a third loop region comprising a third UGUG motif at the 5′ end of said third loop region;
    • xii. a third 3′ stem arm comprising a third antisense strand and optionally a third 3′ spacer region, wherein a uridine is present at the 5′ end of said third antisense strand and wherein said third 3′ spacer region, when present, has a length sufficient to form one helical turn;
  • (h) a third 5′ flanking region located 5′ to said third stem-loop structure; and
  • (i) a third 3′ flanking region located 3′ to said third stem-loop structure, said third 3′ flanking region comprising a CNNC motif, andwherein said third antisense strand and said third sense strand form a third siRNA duplex, wherein the third siRNA duplex, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of a third target gene in a cell, wherein the third sense strand sequence comprises at least 15 nucleotides, the third antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by the third target gene, and wherein said third sense strand sequence and third antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length.

74. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 73, further comprising, in (h), a promoter 5′ of the third 5′ flanking region followed by the third 5′ flanking region, and in (i) the third 3′ flanking region followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the third '3 flanking region.

75. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 74, wherein the promoter is a Pol III promoter.

76. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 75, wherein the Pol III promoter sequence is a U3, U6, U7, 7SK, H1, or MRP, EBER, seleno-cysteine tRNA, 7SL, adenovirus VA-1, or telomerase gene promoter.

77. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 76, wherein the Pol III promoter is an H1 promoter.

78. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 73, wherein the nucleic acid sequence further comprises a fourth molecular scaffold region comprising a fourth molecular scaffold nucleic acid sequence encoding

• • (j) a fourth stem and loop to form a fourth stem-loop structure, the sequence of said fourth stem-loop structure from 5′ to 3′ comprising:
    • xiii. a fourth UG motif at or near the base of the fourth 5′ stem of the fourth stem-loop structure;
    • xiv. a fourth 5′ stem arm comprising a fourth sense strand and optional fourth 5′ spacer region, wherein said fourth 5′ spacer region, when present, is located between said fourth UG motif and said fourth sense strand;
    • xv. a fourth loop region comprising a fourth UGUG motif at the 5′ end of said fourth loop region;
    • xvi. a fourth 3′ stem arm comprising a fourth antisense strand and optionally a fourth 3′ spacer region, wherein a uridine is present at the 5′ end of said fourth antisense strand and wherein said fourth 3′ spacer region, when present, has a length sufficient to form one helical turn;
  • (k) a fourth 5′ flanking region located 5′ to said fourth stem-loop structure; and
  • (l) a fourth 3′ flanking region located 3′ to said fourth stem-loop structure, said fourth 3′ flanking region comprising a CNNC motif, andwherein said fourth antisense strand and said fourth sense strand form a fourth siRNA duplex, wherein the fourth siRNA duplex, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of a fourth target gene in a cell, wherein the fourth sense strand sequence comprises at least 15 nucleotides, the fourth antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA produced by the fourth target gene, and wherein said fourth sense strand sequence and fourth antisense strand sequence share a region of complementarity of at least four nucleotides in length.

79. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 78, further comprising, in (k), a promoter 5′ of the fourth 5′ flanking region followed by the fourth 5′ flanking region, and in (l) the fourth 3′ flanking region followed by a promoter terminator 3′ of the fourth '3 flanking region.

80. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 79, wherein the promoter is a Pol III promoter.

81. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 80, wherein the Pol III promoter sequence is a U3, U6, U7, 7SK, H1, or MRP, EBER, seleno-cysteine tRNA, 7SL, adenovirus VA-1, or telomerase gene promoter.

82. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 81, wherein the Pol III promoter is an H1 promoter.

83. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the first target gene is the same as the second target gene.

84. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the third target gene is the same as the first target gene.

85. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the third target gene is the same as the second target gene.

86. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the first target gene, the second target gene and the third target gene are the same.

87. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene.

88. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the second target gene.

89. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the third target gene.

90. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene and the second target gene.

91. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the second target gene and the third target gene.

92. The AAV viral genome of embodiment 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene and the third target gene.

93. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-82, wherein the fourth target gene is the same as the first target gene, the second target gene and the third target gene.

94. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-93 wherein the first target gene, the second target gene, the third target gene and/or the fourth target gene is Huntingtin.

95. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-93 wherein the first target gene, the second target gene, the third target gene and/or the fourth target gene is SOD1.

96. The AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 53-93 wherein the first target gene, the second target gene, the third target gene and/or the fourth target gene is Huntingtin or SOD1.

97. A method for inhibiting the expression of a gene of a target gene in a cell comprising administering to the cell a composition comprising an AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-96.

98. The method of embodiment 97, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.

99. The method of embodiment 98, wherein the mammalian cell is a medium spiny neuron.

100. The method of embodiment 98, wherein the mammalian cell is a cortical neuron.

101. The method of embodiment 98, wherein the mammalian cell is a motor neuron.

102. The method of embodiment 98, wherein the mammalian cell is an astrocyte.

103. A method for treating a disease and/or disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-96.

104. The method of embodiment 103, wherein the expression of a target gene is inhibited or suppressed.

105. The method of embodiment 104, wherein the expression of a target gene of interest is inhibited or suppressed by about 30% to about 70%.

106. The method of embodiment 104, wherein the expression of a target gene is inhibited or suppressed by about 50% to about 90%.

107. A method for inhibiting the expression of a target gene in a cell wherein the target gene causes a gain of function effect inside the cell, comprising administering to the cell a composition comprising an AAV viral genome of any one of embodiments 1-96.

108. The method of embodiment 107, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.

109. The method of embodiment 108, wherein the mammalian cell is a medium spiny neuron.

110. The method of embodiment 108, wherein the mammalian cell is a cortical neuron.

111. The method of embodiment 108, wherein the mammalian cell is a motor neuron.

112. The method of embodiment 108, wherein the mammalian cell is an astrocyte.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of various embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying description below. Although any materials and methods similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are now described. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description. In the description, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In the case of conflict, the present description will control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

I. Compositions of the Invention

According to the present invention, compositions for delivering modulatory polynucleotides and/or modulatory polynucleotide-based compositions by adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are provided. AAV particles of the invention may be provided via any of several routes of administration, to a cell, tissue, organ, or organism, in vivo, ex vivo or in vitro.

As used herein, an “AAV particle” is a virus which comprises a viral genome with at least one payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region.

As used herein, “viral genome” or “vector genome” or “viral vector” refers to the nucleic acid sequence(s) encapsulated in an AAV particle. Viral genomes comprise at least one payload region encoding polypeptides or fragments thereof.

As used herein, a “payload” or “payload region” is any nucleic acid molecule which encodes one or more polypeptides of the invention. At a minimum, a payload region comprises nucleic acid sequences that encode a sense and antisense sequence, an siRNA-based composition, or a fragment thereof, but may also optionally comprise one or more functional or regulatory elements to facilitate transcriptional expression and/or polypeptide translation.

The nucleic acid sequences and polypeptides disclosed herein may be engineered to contain modular elements and/or sequence motifs assembled to enable expression of the modulatory polynucleotides and/or modulatory polynucleotide-based compositions of the invention. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence comprising the payload region may comprise one or more of a promoter region, an intron, a Kozak sequence, an enhancer or a polyadenylation sequence. Payload regions of the invention typically encode at least one sense and antisense sequence, an siRNA-based composition, or fragments of the foregoing in combination with each other or in combination with other polypeptide moieties.

The payload regions of the invention may be delivered to one or more target cells, tissues, organs or organisms within the viral genome of an AAV particle.

Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAVs) and AAV Particles

Viruses of the Parvoviridae family are small non-enveloped icosahedral capsid viruses characterized by a single stranded DNA genome. Parvoviridae family viruses consist of two subfamilies: Parvovirinae, which infect vertebrates, and Densovirinae, which infect invertebrates. Due to its relatively simple structure, easily manipulated using standard molecular biology techniques, this virus family is useful as a biological tool. The genome of the virus may be modified to contain a minimum of components for the assembly of a functional recombinant virus, or viral particle, which is loaded with or engineered to express or deliver a desired payload, which may be delivered to a target cell, tissue, organ, or organism.

The parvoviruses and other members of the Parvoviridae family are generally described in Kenneth I. Berns, “Parvoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication,” Chapter 69 in FIELDS VIROLOGY (3d Ed. 1996), the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The Parvoviridae family comprises the Dependovirus genus which includes adeno-associated viruses (AAV) capable of replication in vertebrate hosts including, but not limited to, human, primate, bovine, canine, equine, and ovine species.

The AAV viral genome is a linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecule approximately 5,000 nucleotides (nt) in length. The AAV viral genome can comprise a payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) or ITR region. ITRs traditionally flank the coding nucleotide sequences for the non-structural proteins (encoded by Rep genes) and the structural proteins (encoded by capsid genes or Cap genes). While not wishing to be bound by theory, an AAV viral genome typically comprises two ITR sequences. The AAV viral genome comprises a characteristic T-shaped hairpin structure defined by the self-complementary terminal 145 nt of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the ssDNA which form an energetically stable double stranded region. The double stranded hairpin structures comprise multiple functions including, but not limited to, acting as an origin for DNA replication by functioning as primers for the endogenous DNA polymerase complex of the host viral replication cell.

In addition to the encoded heterologous payload, AAV vectors may comprise the viral genome, in whole or in part, of any naturally occurring and/or recombinant AAV serotype nucleotide sequence or variant. AAV variants may have sequences of significant homology at the nucleic acid (genome or capsid) and amino acid levels (capsids), to produce constructs which are generally physical and functional equivalents, replicate by similar mechanisms, and assemble by similar mechanisms. Chiorini et al., J. Vir. 71: 6823-33(1997); Srivastava et al., J. Vir. 45:555-64 (1983); Chiorini et al., J. Vir. 73:1309-1319 (1999); Rutledge et al., J. Vir. 72:309-319 (1998); and Wu et al., J. Vir. 74: 8635-47 (2000), the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, AAV particles of the present invention are recombinant AAV vectors which are replication defective, lacking sequences encoding functional Rep and Cap proteins within their viral genome. These defective AAV vectors may lack most or all parental coding sequences and essentially carry only one or two AAV ITR sequences and the nucleic acid of interest for delivery to a cell, a tissue, an organ or an organism.

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles of the present invention comprise at least one control element which provides for the replication, transcription and translation of a coding sequence encoded therein. Not all of the control elements need always be present as long as the coding sequence is capable of being replicated, transcribed and/or translated in an appropriate host cell. Non-limiting examples of expression control elements include sequences for transcription initiation and/or termination, promoter and/or enhancer sequences, efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation signals, sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA, sequences that enhance translation efficacy (e.g., Kozak consensus sequence), sequences that enhance protein stability, and/or sequences that enhance protein processing and/or secretion.

According to the present invention, AAV particles for use in therapeutics and/or diagnostics comprise a virus that has been distilled or reduced to the minimum components necessary for transduction of a nucleic acid payload or cargo of interest. In this manner, AAV particles are engineered as vehicles for specific delivery while lacking the deleterious replication and/or integration features found in wild-type viruses.

AAV vectors of the present invention may be produced recombinantly and may be based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) parent or reference sequences. As used herein, a “vector” is any molecule or moiety which transports, transduces or otherwise acts as a carrier of a heterologous molecule such as the nucleic acids described herein.

In addition to single stranded AAV viral genomes (e.g., ssAAVs), the present invention also provides for self-complementary AAV (scAAVs) viral genomes. scAAV viral genomes contain DNA strands which anneal together to form double stranded DNA. By skipping second strand synthesis, scAAVs allow for rapid expression in the cell.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention is an scAAV.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention is an ssAAV.

Methods for producing and/or modifying AAV particles are disclosed in the art such as pseudotyped AAV vectors (PCT Patent Publication Nos. WO200028004; WO200123001; WO2004112727; WO 2005005610 and WO 2005072364, the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

AAV particles may be modified to enhance the efficiency of delivery. Such modified AAV particles can be packaged efficiently and be used to successfully infect the target cells at high frequency and with minimal toxicity. In some embodiments the capsids of the AAV particles are engineered according to the methods described in US Publication Number US 20130195801, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a payload region encoding the polypeptides of the invention may be introduced into mammalian cells.

AAV Serotypes

AAV particles of the present invention may comprise or be derived from any natural or recombinant AAV serotype. According to the present invention, the AAV particles may utilize or be based on a serotype selected from any of the following AAV1, AAV2, AAV2G9, AAV3, AAV3a, AAV3b, AAV3-3, AAV4, AAV4-4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV6.1, AAV6.2, AAV6.1.2, AAV7, AAV7.2, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84, AAV9.9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV16.3, AAV24.1, AAV27.3, AAV42.12, AAV42-1b, AAV42-2, AAV42-3a, AAV42-3b, AAV42-4, AAV42-5a, AAV42-5b, AAV42-6b, AAV42-8, AAV42-10, AAV42-11, AAV42-12, AAV42-13, AAV42-15, AAV42-aa, AAV43-1, AAV43-12, AAV43-20, AAV43-21, AAV43-23, AAV43-25, AAV43-5, AAV44.1, AAV44.2, AAV44.5, AAV223.1, AAV223.2, AAV223.4, AAV223.5, AAV223.6, AAV223.7, AAV1-7/rh.48, AAV1-8/rh.49, AAV2-15/rh.62, AAV2-3/rh.61, AAV2-4/rh.50, AAV2-5/rh.51, AAV3.1/hu.6, AAV3.1/hu.9, AAV3-9/rh.52, AAV3-11/rh.53, AAV4-8/r11.64, AAV4-9/rh.54, AAV4-19/rh.55, AAV5-3/rh.57, AAV5-22/rh.58, AAV7.3/hu.7, AAV16.8/hu.10, AAV16.12/hu.11, AAV29.3/bb.1, AAV29.5/bb.2, AAV106.1/hu.37, AAV114.3/hu.40, AAV127.2/hu.41, AAV127.5/hu.42, AAV128.3/hu.44, AAV130.4/hu.48, AAV145.1/hu.53, AAV145.5/hu.54, AAV145.6/hu.55, AAV161.10/hu.60, AAV161.6/hu.61, AAV33.12/hu.17, AAV33.4/hu.15, AAV33.8/hu.16, AAV52/hu.19, AAV52.1/hu.20, AAV58.2/hu.25, AAVA3.3, AAVA3.4, AAVA3.5, AAVA3.7, AAVC1, AAVC2, AAVC5, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ8, AAVF3, AAVF5, AAVH2, AAVrh.72, AAVhu.8, AAVrh.68, AAVrh.70, AAVpi.1, AAVpi.3, AAVpi.2, AAVrh.60, AAVrh.44, AAVrh.65, AAVrh.55, AAVrh.47, AAVrh.69, AAVrh.45, AAVrh.59, AAVhu.12, AAVH6, AAVLK03, AAVH-1/hu.1, AAVH-5/hu.3, AAVLG-10/rh.40, AAVLG-4/rh.38, AAVLG-9/hu.39, AAVN721-8/rh.43, AAVCh.5, AAVCh.5R1, AAVcy.2, AAVcy.3, AAVcy.4, AAVcy.5, AAVCy.5R1, AAVCy.5R2, AAVCy.5R3, AAVCy.5R4, AAVcy.6, AAVhu.1, AAVhu.2, AAVhu.3, AAVhu.4, AAVhu.5, AAVhu.6, AAVhu.7, AAVhu.9, AAVhu.10, AAVhu.11, AAVhu.13, AAVhu.15, AAVhu.16, AAVhu.17, AAVhu.18, AAVhu.20, AAVhu.21, AAVhu.22, AAVhu.23.2, AAVhu.24, AAVhu.25, AAVhu.27, AAVhu.28, AAVhu.29, AAVhu.29R, AAVhu.31, AAVhu.32, AAVhu.34, AAVhu.35, AAVhu.37, AAVhu.39, AAVhu.40, AAVhu.41, AAVhu.42, AAVhu.43, AAVhu.44, AAVhu.44R1, AAVhu.44R2, AAVhu.44R3, AAVhu.45, AAVhu.46, AAVhu.47, AAVhu.48, AAVhu.48R1, AAVhu.48R2, AAVhu.48R3, AAVhu.49, AAVhu.51, AAVhu.52, AAVhu.54, AAVhu.55, AAVhu.56, AAVhu.57, AAVhu.58, AAVhu.60, AAVhu.61, AAVhu.63, AAVhu.64, AAVhu.66, AAVhu.67, AAVhu.14/9, AAVhu.t 19, AAVrh.2, AAVrh.2R, AAVrh.8, AAVrh.8R, AAVrh.10, AAVrh.12, AAVrh.13, AAVrh.13R, AAVrh.14, AAVrh.17, AAVrh.18, AAVrh.19, AAVrh.20, AAVrh.21, AAVrh.22, AAVrh.23, AAVrh.24, AAVrh.25, AAVrh.31, AAVrh.32, AAVrh.33, AAVrh.34, AAVrh.35, AAVrh.36, AAVrh.37, AAVrh.37R2, AAVrh.38, AAVrh.39, AAVrh.40, AAVrh.46, AAVrh.48, AAVrh.48.1, AAVrh.48.1.2, AAVrh.48.2, AAVrh.49, AAVrh.51, AAVrh.52, AAVrh.53, AAVrh.54, AAVrh.56, AAVrh.57, AAVrh.58, AAVrh.61, AAVrh.64, AAVrh.64R1, AAVrh.64R2, AAVrh.67, AAVrh.73, AAVrh.74, AAVrh8R, AAVrh8R A586R mutant, AAVrh8R R533A mutant, AAAV, BAAV, caprine AAV, bovine AAV, ovine AAV, AAVhE1.1, AAVhEr1.5, AAVhER1.14, AAVhEr1.8, AAVhEr1.16, AAVhEr1.18, AAVhEr1.35, AAVhEr1.7, AAVhEr1.36, AAVhEr2.29, AAVhEr2.4, AAVhEr2.16, AAVhEr2.30, AAVhEr2.31, AAVhEr2.36, AAVhER1.23, AAVhEr3.1, AAV2.5T, AAV-PAEC, AAV-LK01, AAV-LK02, AAV-LK03, AAV-LK04, AAV-LK05, AAV-LK06, AAV-LK07, AAV-LK08, AAV-LK09, AAV-LK10, AAV-LK11, AAV-LK12, AAV-LK13, AAV-LK14, AAV-LK15, AAV-LK16, AAV-LK17, AAV-LK18, AAV-LK19, AAV-PAEC2, AAV-PAEC4, AAV-PAEC6, AAV-PAEC7, AAV-PAEC8, AAV-PAEC11, AAV-PAEC12, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101, AAV-8h, AAV-8b, AAV-h, AAV-b, AAV SM 10-2, AAV Shuffle 100-1, AAV Shuffle 100-3, AAV Shuffle 100-7, AAV Shuffle 10-2, AAV Shuffle 10-6, AAV Shuffle 10-8, AAV Shuffle 100-2, AAV SM 10-1, AAV SM 10-8, AAV SM 100-3, AAV SM 100-10, BNP61 AAV, BNP62 AAV, BNP63 AAV, AAVrh.50, AAVrh.43, AAVrh.62, AAVrh.48, AAVhu.19, AAVhu.11, AAVhu.53, AAV4-8/rh.64, AAVLG-9/hu.39, AAV54.5/hu.23, AAV54.2/hu.22, AAV54.7/hu.24, AAV54.1/hu.21, AAV54.4R/hu.27, AAV46.2/hu.28, AAV46.6/hu.29, AAV128.1/hu.43, true type AAV (ttAAV), UPENN AAV 10, Japanese AAV 10 serotypes, AAV CBr-7.1, AAV CBr-7.10, AAV CBr-7.2, AAV CBr-7.3, AAV CBr-7.4, AAV CBr-7.5, AAV CBr-7.7, AAV CBr-7.8, AAV CBr-B7.3, AAV CBr-B7.4, AAV CBr-E1, AAV CBr-E2, AAV CBr-E3, AAV CBr-E4, AAV CBr-E5, AAV CBr-e5, AAV CBr-E6, AAV CBr-E7, AAV CBr-E8, AAV CHt-1, AAV CHt-2, AAV CHt-3, AAV CHt-6.1, AAV CHt-6.10, AAV CHt-6.5, AAV CHt-6.6, AAV CHt-6.7, AAV CHt-6.8, AAV CHt-P1, AAV CHt-P2, AAV CHt-P5, AAV CHt-P6, AAV CHt-P8, AAV CHt-P9, AAV CKd-1, AAV CKd-10, AAV CKd-2, AAV CKd-3, AAV CKd-4, AAV CKd-6, AAV CKd-7, AAV CKd-8, AAV CKd-B1, AAV CKd-B2, AAV CKd-B3, AAV CKd-B4, AAV CKd-B5, AAV CKd-B6, AAV CKd-B7, AAV CKd-B8, AAV CKd-H1, AAV CKd-H2, AAV CKd-H3, AAV CKd-H4, AAV CKd-H5, AAV CKd-H6, AAV CKd-N3, AAV CKd-N4, AAV CKd-N9, AAV CLg-F1, AAV CLg-F2, AAV CLg-F3, AAV CLg-F4, AAV CLg-F5, AAV CLg-F6, AAV CLg-F7, AAV CLg-F8, AAV CLv-1, AAV CLv1-1, AAV Clv1-10, AAV CLv1-2, AAV CLv-12, AAV CLv1-3, AAV CLv-13, AAV CLv1-4, AAV Clv1-7, AAV Clv1-8, AAV Clv1-9, AAV CLv-2, AAV CLv-3, AAV CLv-4, AAV CLv-6, AAV CLv-8, AAV CLv-D1, AAV CLv-D2, AAV CLv-D3, AAV CLv-D4, AAV CLv-D5, AAV CLv-D6, AAV CLv-D7, AAV CLv-D8, AAV CLv-E1, AAV CLv-K1, AAV CLv-K3, AAV CLv-K6, AAV CLv-L4, AAV CLv-L5, AAV CLv-L6, AAV CLv-M1, AAV CLv-M11, AAV CLv-M2, AAV CLv-M5, AAV CLv-M6, AAV CLv-M7, AAV CLv-M8, AAV CLv-M9, AAV CLv-R1, AAV CLv-R2, AAV CLv-R3, AAV CLv-R4, AAV CLv-R5, AAV CLv-R6, AAV CLv-R7, AAV CLv-R8, AAV CLv-R9, AAV CSp-1, AAV CSp-10, AAV CSp-11, AAV CSp-2, AAV CSp-3, AAV CSp-4, AAV CSp-6, AAV CSp-7, AAV CSp-8, AAV CSp-8.10, AAV CSp-8.2, AAV CSp-8.4, AAV CSp-8.5, AAV CSp-8.6, AAV CSp-8.7, AAV CSp-8.8, AAV CSp-8.9, AAV CSp-9, AAV.hu.48R3, AAV.VR-355, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAVF1/HSC1, AAVF11/HSC11, AAVF12/HSC12, AAVF13/HSC13, AAVF14/HSC14, AAVF15/HSC15, AAVF16/HSC16, AAVF17/HSC17, AAVF2/HSC2, AAVF3/HSC3, AAVF4/HSC4, AAVF5/HSC5, AAVF6/HSC6, AAVF7/HSC7, AAVF8/HSC8, AAVF9/HSC9, AAV-PHP.B (PHP.B), AAV-PHP.A (PHP.A), G2B-26, G2B-13, TH1.1-32, TH1.1-35, AAVPHP.B2, AAVPHP.B3, AAVPHP.N/PHP.B-DGT, AAVPHP.B-EST, AAVPHP.B-GGT, AAVPHP.B-ATP, AAVPHP.B-ATT-T, AAVPHP.B-DGT-T, AAVPHP.B-GGT-T, AAVPHP.B-SGS, AAVPHP.B-AQP, AAVPHP.B-QQP, AAVPHP.B-SNP(3), AAVPHP.B-SNP, AAVPHP.B-QGT, AAVPHP.B-NQT, AAVPHP.B-EGS, AAVPHP.B-SGN, AAVPHP.B-EGT, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-STP, AAVPHP.B-PQP, AAVPHP.B-SQP, AAVPHP.B-QLP, AAVPHP.B-TMP, AAVPHP.B-TTP, AAVPHP.S/G2A12, AAVG2A15/G2A3, AAVG2B4, AAVG2B5 and variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20030138772, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 64 of US20030138772), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 70 of US20030138772), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 71 of US20030138772), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 63 of US20030138772), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of US20030138772), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 65 of US20030138772), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 1-3 of US20030138772), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 95 of US20030138772), AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 100 of US20030138772), AAV10 (SEQ ID NO: 117 of US20030138772), AAV11 (SEQ ID NO: 118 of US20030138772), AAV12 (SEQ ID NO: 119 of US20030138772), AAVrh10 (amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 81 of US20030138772), AAV16.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 10), AAV29.3/bb.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 11), AAV29.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 12), AAV29.5/bb.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 13), AAV1.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 14), AAV13.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 15), AAV24.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 16), AAV27.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 17), AAV7.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 18), AAVC1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 19), AAVC3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 20), AAVC5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 21), AAVF1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 22), AAVF3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 23), AAVF5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 24), AAVH6 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 25), AAVH2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 26), AAV42-8 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 27), AAV42-15 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 28), AAV42-5b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 29), AAV42-1b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 30), AAV42-13 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 31), AAV42-3a (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 32), AAV42-4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 33), AAV42-5a (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 34), AAV42-10 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 35), AAV42-3b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 36), AAV42-11 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 37), AAV42-6b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 38), AAV43-1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 39), AAV43-5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 40), AAV43-12 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 41), AAV43-20 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 42), AAV43-21 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 43), AAV43-23 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 44), AAV43-25 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 45), AAV44.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 46), AAV44.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 47), AAV223.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 48), AAV223.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 49), AAV223.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 50), AAV223.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 51), AAV223.6 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 52), AAV223.7 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 53), AAVA3.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 54), AAVA3.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 55), AAVA3.7 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 56), AAVA3.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 57), AAV42.12 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 58), AAV44.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 59), AAV42-2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 9), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20150159173, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 23 of US20150159173), rh20 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150159173), rh32/33 (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150159173), rh39 (SEQ ID NO: 3, 20 and 36 of US20150159173), rh46 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 22 of US20150159173), rh73 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150159173), rh74 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150159173), AAV6.1 (SEQ ID NO: 29 of US20150159173), rh.8 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20150159173), rh.48.1 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20150159173), hu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 45 of US20150159173), hu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 42 of US20150159173), hu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20150159173), rh54 (SEQ ID NO: 49 of US20150159173), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of US20150159173), cy.5 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 24 of US20150159173), rh.10 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 25 of US20150159173), rh.13 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 26 of US20150159173), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 27 of US20150159173), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 28 of US20150159173), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 29 of US20150159173), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 30 of US20150159173), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 31 of US20150159173), hu.13 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 32 of US20150159173), hu.26 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 33 of US20150159173), hu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 34 of US20150159173), hu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 35 of US20150159173), rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 37 of US20150159173), rh2 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20150159173), rh.37 (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20150159173), rh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 43 of US20150159173), rh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20150159173), ch.5 (SEQ ID NO 46 of US20150159173), rh.67 (SEQ ID NO: 47 of US20150159173), rh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 48 of US20150159173), or variants thereof including, but not limited to Cy5R1, Cy5R2, Cy5R3, Cy5R4, rh.13R, rh.37R2, rh.2R, rh.8R, rh.48.1, rh.48.2, rh.48.1.2, hu.44R1, hu.44R2, hu.44R3, hu.29R, ch.5R1, rh64R1, rh64R2, AAV6.2, AAV6.1, AAV6.12, hu.48R1, hu.48R2, and hu.48R3.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 1-3 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), and AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV9 sequence as described by N Pulicherla et al. (Molecular Therapy 19(6):1070-1078 (2011), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), such as but not limited to, AAV9.9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV3B (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 10 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 2, 7 and 11 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 8 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV3A (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 9, of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20140359799, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20140359799), AAVDJ (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 3 of US20140359799), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the serotype may be AAVDJ (AAV-DJ) or a variant thereof, such as AAVDJ8 (or AAV-DJ8), as described by Grimm et al. (Journal of Virology 82(12): 5887-5911 (2008), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). The amino acid sequence of AAVDJ8 may comprise two or more mutations in order to remove the heparin binding domain (HBD). As a non-limiting example, the AAV-DJ sequence described as SEQ ID NO: 1 in U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, may comprise two mutations: (1) R587Q where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 587 is changed to glutamine (Q; Gln) and (2) R590T where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 590 is changed to threonine (T; Thr). As another non-limiting example, may comprise three mutations: (1) K406R where lysine (K; Lys) at amino acid 406 is changed to arginine (R; Arg), (2) R587Q where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 587 is changed to glutamine (Q; Gln) and (3) R590T where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 590 is changed to threonine (T; Thr).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence of AAV4 as described in International Publication No. WO1998011244, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 1-20 of WO1998011244).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV2 sequence to generate AAV2G9 as described in International Publication No. WO2014144229 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2005033321, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV3-3 (SEQ ID NO: 217 of WO2005033321), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 219 and 202 of WO2005033321), AAV106.1/hu.37 (SEQ ID No: 10 of WO2005033321), AAV114.3/hu.40 (SEQ ID No: 11 of WO2005033321), AAV127.2/hu.41 (SEQ ID NO:6 and 8 of WO2005033321), AAV128.3/hu.44 (SEQ ID No: 81 of WO2005033321), AAV130.4/hu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 78 of WO2005033321), AAV145.1/hu.53 (SEQ ID No: 176 and 177 of WO2005033321), AAV145.6/hu.56 (SEQ ID NO: 168 and 192 of WO2005033321), AAV16.12/hu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 and 57 of WO2005033321), AAV16.8/hu.10 (SEQ ID NO: 156 and 56 of WO2005033321), AAV161.10/hu.60 (SEQ ID No: 170 of WO2005033321), AAV161.6/hu.61 (SEQ ID No: 174 of WO2005033321), AAV1-7/rh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 32 of WO2005033321), AAV1-8/rh.49 (SEQ ID NOs: 103 and 25 of WO2005033321), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 211 and 221 of WO2005033321), AAV2-15/rh.62 (SEQ ID No: 33 and 114 of WO2005033321), AAV2-3/rh.61 (SEQ ID NO: 21 of WO2005033321), AAV2-4/rh.50 (SEQ ID No: 23 and 108 of WO2005033321), AAV2-5/rh.51 (SEQ ID NO: 104 and 22 of WO2005033321), AAV3.1/hu.6 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 84 of WO2005033321), AAV3.1/hu.9 (SEQ ID NO: 155 and 58 of WO2005033321), AAV3-11/rh.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 and 176 of WO2005033321), AAV3-3 (SEQ ID NO: 200 of WO2005033321), AAV33.12/hu.17 (SEQ ID NO:4 of WO2005033321), AAV33.4/hu.15 (SEQ ID No: 50 of WO2005033321), AAV33.8/hu.16 (SEQ ID No: 51 of WO2005033321), AAV3-9/rh.52 (SEQ ID NO: 96 and 18 of WO2005033321), AAV4-19/rh.55 (SEQ ID NO: 117 of WO2005033321), AAV4-4 (SEQ ID NO: 201 and 218 of WO2005033321), AAV4-9/rh.54 (SEQ ID NO: 116 of WO2005033321), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 199 and 216 of WO2005033321), AAV52.1/hu.20 (SEQ ID NO: 63 of WO2005033321), AAV52/hu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of WO2005033321), AAV5-22/rh.58 (SEQ ID No: 27 of WO2005033321), AAV5-3/rh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 105 of WO2005033321), AAV5-3/rh.57 (SEQ ID No: 26 of WO2005033321), AAV58.2/hu.25 (SEQ ID No: 49 of WO2005033321), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 203 and 220 of WO2005033321), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 222 and 213 of WO2005033321), AAV7.3/hu.7 (SEQ ID No: 55 of WO2005033321), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 223 and 214 of WO2005033321), AAVH-1/hu.1 (SEQ ID No: 46 of WO2005033321), AAVH-5/hu.3 (SEQ ID No: 44 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.1 (SEQ ID NO: 144 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.10 (SEQ ID NO: 156 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.12 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 59), AAVhu.13 (SEQ ID NO: 129 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.14/AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 123 and 3 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.15 (SEQ ID NO: 147 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.16 (SEQ ID NO: 148 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.17 (SEQ ID NO: 83 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.18 (SEQ ID NO: 149 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.2 (SEQ ID NO: 143 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.20 (SEQ ID NO: 134 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.21 (SEQ ID NO: 135 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.22 (SEQ ID NO: 138 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.23.2 (SEQ ID NO: 137 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.24 (SEQ ID NO: 136 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.25 (SEQ ID NO: 146 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.27 (SEQ ID NO: 140 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 132 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.3 (SEQ ID NO: 145 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.31 (SEQ ID NO: 121 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.32 (SEQ ID NO: 122 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.34 (SEQ ID NO: 125 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.35 (SEQ ID NO: 164 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 88 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.39 (SEQ ID NO: 102 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.4 (SEQ ID NO: 141 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.40 (SEQ ID NO: 87 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.41 (SEQ ID NO: 91 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.42 (SEQ ID NO: 85 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.43 (SEQ ID NO: 160 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 144 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.45 (SEQ ID NO: 127 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.46 (SEQ ID NO: 159 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.47 (SEQ ID NO: 128 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 157 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.49 (SEQ ID NO: 189 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.51 (SEQ ID NO: 190 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.52 (SEQ ID NO: 191 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.54 (SEQ ID NO: 188 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.55 (SEQ ID NO: 187 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.56 (SEQ ID NO: 192 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.57 (SEQ ID NO: 193 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.58 (SEQ ID NO: 194 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.6 (SEQ ID NO: 84 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.60 (SEQ ID NO: 184 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.61 (SEQ ID NO: 185 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.63 (SEQ ID NO: 195 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.64 (SEQ ID NO: 196 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.66 (SEQ ID NO: 197 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.67 (SEQ ID NO: 198 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.7 (SEQ ID NO: 150 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.8 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 12), AAVhu.9 (SEQ ID NO: 155 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-10/rh.40 (SEQ ID No: 14 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-4/rh.38 (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-4/rh.38 (SEQ ID No: 7 of WO2005033321), AAVN721-8/rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of WO2005033321), AAVN721-8/rh.43 (SEQ ID No: 43 of WO2005033321), AAVpi.1 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 28), AAVpi.2 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 30), AAVpi.3 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 29), AAVrh.38 (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.40 (SEQ ID NO: 92 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.44 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 34), AAVrh.45 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 41), AAVrh.47 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 38), AAVrh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 115 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.49 (SEQ ID NO: 103 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.50 (SEQ ID NO: 108 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.51 (SEQ ID NO: 104 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.52 (SEQ ID NO: 96 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.53 (SEQ ID NO: 97 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.55 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 37), AAVrh.56 (SEQ ID NO: 152 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 105 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 106 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.59 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 42), AAVrh.60 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 31), AAVrh.61 (SEQ ID NO: 107 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 99 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.65 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 35), AAVrh.68 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 16), AAVrh.69 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 39), AAVrh.70 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 20), AAVrh.72 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 9), or variants thereof including, but not limited to, AAVcy.2, AAVcy.3, AAVcy.4, AAVcy.5, AAVcy.6, AAVrh.12, AAVrh.17, AAVrh.18, AAVrh.19, AAVrh.21, AAVrh.22, AAVrh.23, AAVrh.24, AAVrh.25, AAVrh.25/42 15, AAVrh.31, AAVrh.32, AAVrh.33, AAVrh.34, AAVrh.35, AAVrh.36, AAVrh.37, AAVrh14. Non limiting examples of variants include SEQ ID NO: 13, 15, 17, 19, 24, 36, 40, 45, 47, 48, 51-54, 60-62, 64-77, 79, 80, 82, 89, 90, 93-95, 98, 100, 101, 109-113, 118-120, 124, 126, 131, 139, 142, 151,154, 158, 161, 162, 165-183, 202, 204-212, 215, 219, 224-236, of WO2005033321, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2015168666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVrh8R (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2015168666), AAVrh8R A586R mutant (SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2015168666), AAVrh8R R533A mutant (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2015168666), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVhE1.1 (SEQ ID NO:44 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.5 (SEQ ID NO:45 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhER1.14 (SEQ ID NO:46 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.8 (SEQ ID NO:47 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.16 (SEQ ID NO:48 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.18 (SEQ ID NO:49 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.35 (SEQ ID NO:50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.7 (SEQ ID NO:51 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.36 (SEQ ID NO:52 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.29 (SEQ ID NO:53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.4 (SEQ ID NO:54 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.16 (SEQ ID NO:55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.30 (SEQ ID NO:56 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.31 (SEQ ID NO:58 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.36 (SEQ ID NO:57 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhER1.23 (SEQ ID NO:53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr3.1 (SEQ ID NO:59 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAV2.5T (SEQ ID NO:42 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150376607, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-PAEC (SEQ ID NO:1 of US20150376607), AAV-LK01 (SEQ ID NO:2 of US20150376607), AAV-LK02 (SEQ ID NO:3 of US20150376607), AAV-LK03 (SEQ ID NO:4 of US20150376607), AAV-LK04 (SEQ ID NO:5 of US20150376607), AAV-LK05 (SEQ ID NO:6 of US20150376607), AAV-LK06 (SEQ ID NO:7 of US20150376607), AAV-LK07 (SEQ ID NO:8 of US20150376607), AAV-LK08 (SEQ ID NO:9 of US20150376607), AAV-LK09 (SEQ ID NO:10 of US20150376607), AAV-LK10 (SEQ ID NO:11 of US20150376607), AAV-LK11 (SEQ ID NO:12 of US20150376607), AAV-LK12 (SEQ ID NO:13 of US20150376607), AAV-LK13 (SEQ ID NO:14 of US20150376607), AAV-LK14 (SEQ ID NO:15 of US20150376607), AAV-LK15 (SEQ ID NO:16 of US20150376607), AAV-LK16 (SEQ ID NO:17 of US20150376607), AAV-LK17 (SEQ ID NO:18 of US20150376607), AAV-LK18 (SEQ ID NO:19 of US20150376607), AAV-LK19 (SEQ ID NO:20 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC2 (SEQ ID NO:21 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC4 (SEQ ID NO:22 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC6 (SEQ ID NO:23 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC7 (SEQ ID NO:24 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC8 (SEQ ID NO:25 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC11 (SEQ ID NO:26 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC12 (SEQ ID NO:27, of US20150376607), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,261, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101 (SEQ ID NO: 1 U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,261), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150376240, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-8h (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150376240), AAV-8b (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150376240), AAV-h (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150376240), AAV-b (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150376240), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20160017295, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV SM 10-2 (SEQ ID NO: 22 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-1 (SEQ ID NO: 23 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-3 (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-7 (SEQ ID NO: 25 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-2 (SEQ ID NO: 34 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-8 (SEQ ID NO: 36 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-2 (SEQ ID NO: 37 of US20160017295), AAV SM 10-1 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20160017295), AAV SM 10-8 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20160017295), AAV SM 100-3 (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20160017295), AAV SM 100-10 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20160017295), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150238550, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BNP61 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150238550), BNP62 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 3 of US20150238550), BNP63 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US20150238550), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be or may have a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150315612, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVrh.50 (SEQ ID NO: 108 of US20150315612), AAVrh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of US20150315612), AAVrh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of US20150315612), AAVrh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 115 of US20150315612), AAVhu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of US20150315612), AAVhu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 of US20150315612), AAVhu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of US20150315612), AAV4-8/rh.64 (SEQ ID No: 15 of US20150315612), AAVLG-9/hu.39 (SEQ ID No: 24 of US20150315612), AAV54.5/hu.23 (SEQ ID No: 60 of US20150315612), AAV54.2/hu.22 (SEQ ID No: 67 of US20150315612), AAV54.7/hu.24 (SEQ ID No: 66 of US20150315612), AAV54.1/hu.21 (SEQ ID No: 65 of US20150315612), AAV54.4R/hu.27 (SEQ ID No: 64 of US20150315612), AAV46.2/hu.28 (SEQ ID No: 68 of US20150315612), AAV46.6/hu.29 (SEQ ID No: 69 of US20150315612), AAV128.1/hu.43 (SEQ ID No: 80 of US20150315612), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2015121501, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, true type AAV (ttAAV) (SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO2015121501), “UPenn AAV10” (SEQ ID NO: 8 of WO2015121501), “Japanese AAV10” (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2015121501), or variants thereof.

According to the present invention, AAV capsid serotype selection or use may be from a variety of species. In one embodiment, the AAV may be an avian AAV (AAAV). The AAAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAAV (SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800), or variants thereof.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a bovine AAV (BAAV). The BAAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BAAV (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769), or variants thereof. The BAAV serotype may be or have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BAAV (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396), or variants thereof.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a caprine AAV. The caprine AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, caprine AAV (SEQ ID NO: 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396), or variants thereof.

In other embodiments the AAV may be engineered as a hybrid AAV from two or more parental serotypes. In one embodiment, the AAV may be AAV2G9 which comprises sequences from AAV2 and AAV9. The AAV2G9 AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20160017005, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype generated by the AAV9 capsid library with mutations in amino acids 390-627 (VP1 numbering) as described by Pulicherla et al. (Molecular Therapy 19(6):1070-1078 (2011), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The serotype and corresponding nucleotide and amino acid substitutions may be, but is not limited to, AAV9.1 (G1594C; D532H), AAV6.2 (T1418A and T1436X; V473D and I479K), AAV9.3 (T1238A; F413Y), AAV9.4 (T1250C and A1617T; F417S), AAV9.5 (A1235G, A1314T, A1642G, C1760T; Q412R, T548A, A587V), AAV9.6 (T1231A; F411I), AAV9.9 (G1203A, G1785T; W595C), AAV9.10 (A1500G, T1676C; M559T), AAV9.11 (A1425T, A1702C, A1769T; T568P, Q590L), AAV9.13 (A1369C, A1720T; N457H, T574S), AAV9.14 (T1340A, T1362C, T1560C, G1713A; L447H), AAV9.16 (A1775T; Q592L), AAV9.24 (T1507C, T1521G; W503R), AAV9.26 (A1337G, A1769C; Y446C, Q590P), AAV9.33 (A1667C; D556A), AAV9.34 (A1534G, C1794T; N512D), AAV9.35 (A1289T, T1450A, C1494T, A1515T, C1794A, G1816A; Q430L, Y484N, N98K, V6061), AAV9.40 (A1694T, E565V), AAV9.41 (A1348T, T1362C; T450S), AAV9.44 (A1684C, A1701T, A1737G; N562H, K567N), AAV9.45 (A1492T, C1804T; N498Y, L602F), AAV9.46 (G1441C, T1525C, T1549G; G481R, W509R, L517V), 9.47 (G1241A, G1358A, A1669G, C1745T; S414N, G453D, K557E, T582I), AAV9.48 (C1445T, A1736T; P482L, Q579L), AAV9.50 (A1638T, C1683T, T1805A; Q546H, L602H), AAV9.53 (G1301A, A1405C, C1664T, G1811T; R134Q, S469R, A555V, G604V), AAV9.54 (C1531A, T1609A; L511I, L537M), AAV9.55 (T1605A; F535L), AAV9.58 (C1475T, C1579A; T492I, H527N), AAV.59 (T1336C; Y446H), AAV9.61 (A1493T; N498I), AAV9.64 (C1531A, A1617T; L511I), AAV9.65 (C1335T, T1530C, C1568A; A523D), AAV9.68 (C1510A; P504T), AAV9.80 (G1441A; G481R), AAV9.83 (C1402A, A1500T; P468T, E500D), AAV9.87 (T1464C, T1468C; S490P), AAV9.90 (A1196T; Y399F), AAV9.91 (T1316G, A1583T, C1782G, T1806C; L439R, K528I), AAV9.93 (A1273G, A1421G, A1638C, C1712T, G1732A, A1744T, A1832T; S425G, Q474R, Q546H, P571L, G578R, T582S, D611V), AAV9.94 (A1675T; M559L) and AAV9.95 (T1605A; F535L).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2016049230, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAVF1/HSC1 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 20 of WO2016049230), AAVF2/HSC2 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 21 of WO2016049230), AAVF3/HSC3 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 22 of WO2016049230), AAVF4/HSC4 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 23 of WO2016049230), AAVF5/HSC5 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 25 of WO2016049230), AAVF6/HSC6 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 24 of WO2016049230), AAVF7/HSC7 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 27 of WO2016049230), AAVF8/HSC8 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 28 of WO2016049230), AAVF9/HSC9 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 29 of WO2016049230), AAVF11/HSC11 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 26 of WO2016049230), AAVF12/HSC12 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 30 of WO2016049230), AAVF13/HSC13 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 31 of WO2016049230), AAVF14/HSC14 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 32 of WO2016049230), AAVF15/HSC15 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 33 of WO2016049230), AAVF16/HSC16 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 34 of WO2016049230), AAVF17/HSC17 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 35 of WO2016049230), or variants or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV CBr-E1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E2 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E3 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E4 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E5 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-e5 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E6 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E7 (SEQ ID NO: 20 and 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E8 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D1 (SEQ ID NO: 22 and 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D2 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D3 (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D4 (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D5 (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 100 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D6 (SEQ ID NO: 27 and 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D7 (SEQ ID NO: 28 and 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D8 (SEQ ID NO: 29 and 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-E1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R2 (SEQ ID NO: 31 and 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R3 (SEQ ID NO: 32 and 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R4 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R5 (SEQ ID NO: 34 and 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R7 (SEQ ID NO: 36 and 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R8 (SEQ ID NO: 37 and 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R9 (SEQ ID NO: 38 and 112 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F2 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F3 (SEQ ID NO: 41 and 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F4 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F5 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F6 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F7 (SEQ ID NO: 44 and 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F8 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-1 (SEQ ID NO: 45 and 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-10 (SEQ ID NO: 46 and 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-11 (SEQ ID NO: 47 and 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-2 (SEQ ID NO: 48 and 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-3 (SEQ ID NO: 49 and 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-4 (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 124 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-6 (SEQ ID NO: 51 and 125 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-7 (SEQ ID NO: 52 and 126 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-8 (SEQ ID NO: 53 and 127 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-9 (SEQ ID NO: 54 and 128 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-2 (SEQ ID NO: 55 and 129 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-3 (SEQ ID NO: 56 and 130 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-1 (SEQ ID NO: 57 and 131 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-10 (SEQ ID NO: 58 and 132 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-2 (SEQ ID NO: 59 and 133 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-3 (SEQ ID NO: 60 and 134 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-4 (SEQ ID NO: 61 and 135 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-6 (SEQ ID NO: 62 and 136 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-7 (SEQ ID NO: 63 and 137 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-8 (SEQ ID NO: 64 and 138 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-1 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 139 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-12 (SEQ ID NO: 66 and 140 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-13 (SEQ ID NO: 67 and 141 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-2 (SEQ ID NO: 68 and 142 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-3 (SEQ ID NO: 69 and 143 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-4 (SEQ ID NO: 70 and 144 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-6 (SEQ ID NO: 71 and 145 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-8 (SEQ ID NO: 72 and 146 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B1 (SEQ ID NO: 73 and 147 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B2 (SEQ ID NO: 74 and 148 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B3 (SEQ ID NO: 75 and 149 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B4 (SEQ ID NO: 76 and 150 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B5 (SEQ ID NO: 77 and 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B6 (SEQ ID NO: 78 and 152 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B7 (SEQ ID NO: 79 and 153 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B8 (SEQ ID NO: 80 and 154 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H1 (SEQ ID NO: 81 and 155 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H2 (SEQ ID NO: 82 and 156 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H3 (SEQ ID NO: 83 and 157 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H4 (SEQ ID NO: 84 and 158 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H5 (SEQ ID NO: 85 and 159 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H6 (SEQ ID NO: 77 and 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-1 (SEQ ID NO: 86 and 160 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-1 (SEQ ID NO: 171 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 172 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-3 (SEQ ID NO: 173 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-4 (SEQ ID NO: 174 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-7 (SEQ ID NO: 175 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-8 (SEQ ID NO: 176 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-9 (SEQ ID NO: 177 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-10 (SEQ ID NO: 178 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV.VR-355 (SEQ ID NO: 181 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV.hu.48R3 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), or variants or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2016065001, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV CHt-P2 (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 51 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P5 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 52 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P9 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 53 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.1 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 54 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 55 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 56 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.4 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 57 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.5 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 58 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.7 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 59 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.8 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 60 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.10 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 61 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N3 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 62 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N4 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 63 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N9 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 64 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L4 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 65 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L5 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 66 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L6 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 67 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K1 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 68 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K3 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 69 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K6 (SEQ ID NO: 20 and 70 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M1 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 71 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M11 (SEQ ID NO: 22 and 72 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M2 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 73 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M5 (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 74 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M6 (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 75 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M7 (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 76 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M8 (SEQ ID NO: 27 and 77 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M9 (SEQ ID NO: 28 and 78 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P1 (SEQ ID NO: 29 and 79 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P6 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 80 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P8 (SEQ ID NO: 31 and 81 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.1 (SEQ ID NO: 32 and 82 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.10 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 83 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.5 (SEQ ID NO: 34 and 84 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 85 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.7 (SEQ ID NO: 36 and 86 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.8 (SEQ ID NO: 37 and 87 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.10 (SEQ ID NO: 38 and 88 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.2 (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 89 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.4 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 90 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.5 (SEQ ID NO: 41 and 91 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.6 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 92 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.7 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 93 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.8 (SEQ ID NO: 44 and 94 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.9 (SEQ ID NO: 45 and 95 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-B7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 46 and 96 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-B7.4 (SEQ ID NO: 47 and 97 of WO2016065001), AAV3B (SEQ ID NO: 48 and 98 of WO2016065001), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 49 and 99 of WO2016065001), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 100 of WO2016065001), or variants or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a modification as described in United States Publication No. US 20160361439, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as but not limited to, Y252F, Y272F, Y444F, Y500F, Y700F, Y704F, Y730F, Y275F, Y281F, Y508F, Y576F, Y612G, Y673F, and Y720F of the wild-type AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, and hybrids thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, at least two, but not all the F129L, D418E, K531E, L584F, V598A and H642N mutations in the sequence of AAV6 (SEQ ID NO:4 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO:6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112), AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV7, AAV9, AAV10 or AAV11 or derivatives thereof. In yet another embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or have, an AAV6 sequence comprising the K531E mutation (SEQ ID NO:5 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV1 sequence, as described in in United States Publication No. US 20130224836, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, at least one of the surface-exposed tyrosine residues, preferably, at positions 252, 273, 445, 701, 705 and 731 of AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US 20130224836) substituted with another amino acid, preferably with a phenylalanine residue. In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV9 sequence, such as, but not limited to, at least one of the surface-exposed tyrosine residues, preferably, at positions 252, 272, 444, 500, 700, 704 and 730 of AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US 20130224836) substituted with another amino acid, preferably with a phenylalanine residue. In one embodiment, the tyrosine residue at position 446 of AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 6 US 20130224836) is substituted with a phenylalanine residue.

In some embodiments, the serotype may be AAV2 or a variant thereof, as described in International Publication No. WO2016130589, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The amino acid sequence of AAV2 may comprise N587A, E548A, or N708A mutations. In one embodiment, the amino acid sequence of any AAV may comprise a V708K mutation.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype selected from any of those found in Table 1.

In one embodiment, the AAV may comprise a sequence, fragment or variant thereof, of the sequences in Table 1.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be encoded by a sequence, fragment or variant as described in Table 1.

TABLE 1
AAV Serotypes
Serotype	SEQ ID NO	Reference Information
AAV1	1	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 11,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 202
AAV1	2	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO:
		1US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 64,
		US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 27,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 219,
		U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 5
AAV1	3	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 6
AAV1.3	4	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV10	5	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 117
AAV10	6	WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAV10	7	WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 8
AAV11	8	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 118
AAV12	9	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 119
AAV2	10	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 7,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 211
AAV2	11	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 70,
		US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 23,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 221,
		US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 2,
		U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 4,
		U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 4,
		WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV2	12	U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 8
AAV2	13	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 7
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AAV223.2	18	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 76
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AAV223.4	20	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 73
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AAV29.3	27	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 82
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(AAVbb.2)
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AAV3a	37	U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 5
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AAV-LK11	347	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 39
AAV-LK12	348	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV-LK12	349	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 40
AAV-LK13	350	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV-LK13	351	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 41
AAV-LK14	352	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV-LK14	353	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 42
AAV-LK15	354	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAV-LK15	355	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 43
AAV-LK16	356	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 17
AAV-LK16	357	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 44
AAV-LK17	358	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 18
AAV-LK17	359	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 45
AAV-LK18	360	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 19
AAV-LK18	361	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 46
AAV-LK19	362	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 20
AAV-LK19	363	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 47
AAV-PAEC	364	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV-PAEC	365	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 48
AAV-	366	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 26
PAEC11
AAV-	367	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 54
PAEC11
AAV-	368	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 27
PAEC12
AAV-	369	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 51
PAEC12
AAV-	370	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 28
PAEC13
AAV-	371	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 49
PAEC13
AAV-PAEC2	372	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 21
AAV-PAEC2	373	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 56
AAV-PAEC4	374	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 22
AAV-PAEC4	375	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 55
AAV-PAEC6	376	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 23
AAV-PAEC6	377	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 52
AAV-PAEC7	378	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 24
AAV-PAEC7	379	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 53
AAV-PAEC8	380	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 25
AAV-PAEC8	381	US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 50
AAVpi.1	382	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 28
AAVpi.1	383	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 93
AAVpi.2	384	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 30
AAVpi.2	385	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 95
AAVpi.3	386	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 29
AAVpi.3	387	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 94
AAVrh.10	388	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAVrh.10	389	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 25
AAV44.2	390	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 59
AAVrh.10	391	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 81
(AAV44.2)
AAV42.1B	392	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 90
AAVrh.12	393	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 30
(AAV42.1b)
AAVrh.13	394	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 10
AAVrh.13	395	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 26
AAVrh.13	396	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 228
AAVrh.13R	397	US20150159173
AAV42.3A	398	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 87
AAVrh.14	399	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 32
(AAV42.3a)
AAV42.5A	400	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 89
AAVrh.17	401	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 34
(AAV42.5a)
AAV42.5B	402	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 91
AAVrh.18	403	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 29
(AAV42.5b)
AAV42.6B	404	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 112
AAVrh.19	405	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 38
(AAV42.6b)
AAVrh.2	406	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 39
AAVrh.2	407	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 231
AAVrh.20	408	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV42.10	409	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 106
AAVrh.21	410	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 35
(AAV42.10)
AAV42.11	411	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 108
AAVrh.22	412	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 37
(AAV42.11)
AAV42.12	413	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 113
AAVrh.23	414	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 58
(AAV42.12)
AAV42.13	415	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 86
AAVrh.24	416	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 31
(AAV42.13)
AAV42.15	417	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 84
AAVrh.25	418	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 28
(AAV42.15)
AAVrh.2R	419	US20150159173
AAVrh.31	420	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 48
(AAV223.1)
AAVC1	421	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 60
AAVrh.32	422	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 19
(AAVC1)
AAVrh.32/33	423	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 2
AAVrh.33	424	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 20
(AAVC3)
AAVC5	425	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 62
AAVrh.34	426	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 21
(AAVC5)
AAVF1	427	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 109
AAVrh.35	428	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 22
(AAVF1)
AAVF3	429	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 111
AAVrh.36	430	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 23
(AAVF3)
AAVrh.37	431	US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 24
AAVrh.37	432	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 40
AAVrh.37	433	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 229
AAVrh.37R2	434	US20150159173
AAVrh.38	435	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 7
(AAVLG-4)
AAVrh.38	436	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 86
(AAVLG-4)
AAVrh.39	437	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 20,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAVrh.39	438	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 3,
		US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 36,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 89
AAVrh.40	439	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 92
AAVrh.40	440	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 14
(AAVLG-10)
AAVrh.43	441	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 43,
(AAVN721-8)		US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 21
AAVrh.43	442	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 163,
(AAVN721-8)		US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 37
AAVrh.44	443	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 34
AAVrh.44	444	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 111
AAVrh.45	445	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 41
AAVrh.45	446	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 109
AAVrh.46	447	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 22,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 19
AAVrh.46	448	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 4,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 101
AAVrh.47	449	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 38
AAVrh.47	450	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 118
AAVrh.48	451	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 44,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 115
AAVrh.48.1	452	US20150159173
AAVrh.48.1.2	453	US20150159173
AAVrh.48.2	454	US20150159173
AAVrh.48	455	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 32
(AAV1-7)
AAVrh.49	456	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 25
(AAV1-8)
AAVrh.49	457	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 103
(AAV1-8)
AAVrh.50	458	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 23
(AAV2-4)
AAVrh.50	459	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 108
(AAV2-4)
AAVrh.51	460	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 22
(AAV2-5)
AAVrh.51	461	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 104
(AAV2-5)
AAVrh.52	462	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 18
(AAV3-9)
AAVrh.52	463	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 96
(AAV3-9)
AAVrh.53	464	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 97
AAVrh.53	465	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 17
(AAV3-11)
AAVrh.53	466	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 186
(AAV3-11)
AAVrh.54	467	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 40
AAVrh.54	468	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 49,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 116
AAVrh.55	469	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 37
AAVrh.55	470	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 117
(AAV4-19)
AAVrh.56	471	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 54
AAVrh.56	472	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 152
AAVrh.57	473	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 26
AAVrh.57	474	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 105
AAVrh.58	475	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 27
AAVrh.58	476	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 48,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 106
AAVrh.58	477	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 232
AAVrh.59	478	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 42
AAVrh.59	479	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 110
AAVrh.60	480	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 31
AAVrh.60	481	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 120
AAVrh.61	482	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 107
AAVrh.61	483	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 21
(AAV2-3)
AAVrh.62	484	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 33
(AAV2-15)
AAVrh.62	485	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 114
(AAV2-15)
AAVrh.64	486	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAVrh.64	487	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 43,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 99
AAVrh.64	488	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 233
AAVRh.64R1	489	US20150159173
AAVRh.64R2	490	US20150159173
AAVrh.65	491	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 35
AAVrh.65	492	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 112
AAVrh.67	493	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 36
AAVrh.67	494	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 230
AAVrh.67	495	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 47,
		US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 113
AAVrh.68	496	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAVrh.68	497	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 100
AAVrh.69	498	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 39
AAVrh.69	499	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 119
AAVrh.70	500	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 20
AAVrh.70	501	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 98
AAVrh.71	502	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 162
AAVrh.72	503	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAVrh.73	504	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 5
AAVrh.74	505	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 6
AAVrh.8	506	US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 41
AAVrh.8	507	US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 235
AAVrh.8R	508	US20150159173,
		WO2015168666 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAVrh.8R	509	WO2015168666 SEQ ID NO: 10
A586R
mutant
AAVrh.8R	510	WO2015168666 SEQ ID NO: 11
R533A
mutant
BAAV	511	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 8
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	512	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 10
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	513	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 4
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	514	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 2
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	515	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 6
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	516	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 1
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	517	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 5
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	518	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 3
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	519	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 11
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	520	U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396 SEQ ID NO: 5
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	521	U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396 SEQ ID NO: 6
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	522	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 7
(bovine
AAV)
BAAV	523	U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769 SEQ ID NO: 9
(bovine
AAV)
BNP61 AAV	524	US20150238550 SEQ ID NO: 1
BNP61 AAV	525	US20150238550 SEQ ID NO: 2
BNP62 AAV	526	US20150238550 SEQ ID NO: 3
BNP63 AAV	527	US20150238550 SEQ ID NO: 4
caprine AAV	528	U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396 SEQ ID NO: 3
caprine AAV	529	U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396 SEQ ID NO: 4
true type	530	WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 2
AAV
(ttAAV)
AAAV	531	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 12
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	532	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 2
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	533	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 6
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	534	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 4
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	535	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 8
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	536	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 14
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	537	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 10
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	538	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 15
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	539	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 5
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	540	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 9
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	541	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 3
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	542	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 7
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	543	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 11
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	544	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 13
(Avian AAV)
AAAV	545	U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800 SEQ ID NO: 1
(Avian AAV)
AAV Shuffle	546	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 23
100-1
AAV Shuffle	547	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 11
100-1
AAV Shuffle	548	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 37
100-2
AAV Shuffle	549	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 29
100-2
AAV Shuffle	550	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 24
100-3
AAV Shuffle	551	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 12
100-3
AAV Shuffle	552	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 25
100-7
AAV Shuffle	553	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 13
100-7
AAV Shuffle	554	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 34
10-2
AAV Shuffle	555	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 26
10-2
AAV Shuffle	556	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 35
10-6
AAV Shuffle	557	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 27
10-6
AAV Shuffle	558	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 36
10-8
AAV Shuffle	559	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 28
10-8
AAV SM	560	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 41
100-10
AAV SM	561	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 33
100-10
AAV SM	562	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 40
100-3
AAV SM	563	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 32
100-3
AAV SM	564	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 38
10-1
AAV SM	565	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 30
10-1
AAV SM	566	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 10
10-2
AAV SM	567	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 22
10-2
AAV SM	568	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 39
10-8
AAV SM	569	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 31
10-8
AAV SM	560	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 41
100-10
AAV SM	561	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 33
100-10
AAV SM	562	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 40
300-3
AAV SM	563	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 32
100-3
AAV SM	564	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 38
10-1
AAV SM	565	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 30
10-1
AAV SM	566	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 10
10-2
AAV SM	567	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 22
10-2
AAV SM	568	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 39
10-8
AAV SM	569	US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 31
10-8
AAVF1/	570	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 20
HSC1
AAVF2/	571	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 21
HSC2
AAVF3/	572	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 22
HSC3
AAVF4/	573	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 23
HSC4
AAVF5/	574	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 25
HSC5
AAVF6/	575	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 24
HSC6
AAVF7/	576	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 27
HSC
AAVF8/	577	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 28
HSC8
AAVF9/	578	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 29
HSC9
AAVF11/	579	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 26
HSC11
AAVF12/	580	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 30
HSC12
AAVF13/	581	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 31
HSC13
AAVF14/	582	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 32
HSC14
AAVF15/	583	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 33
HSC15
AAVF16/	584	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 34
HSC16
AAVF17/	585	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 35
HSC17
AAVF1/HSC1	586	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 2
AAVF2/HSC2	587	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 3
AAVF3/HSC3	588	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 5
AAVF4/HSC4	589	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 6
AAVF5/HSC5	590	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 11
AAVF6/HSC6	591	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 7
AAVF7/HSC7	592	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 8
AAVF8/HSC8	593	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAVF9/HSC9	594	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 10
AAVF11/	595	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 4
HSC11
AAVF12/	596	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 12
HSC12
AAVF13/	597	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 14
HSC13
AAVF14/	598	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 15
HSC14
AAVF15/	599	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 16
HSC15
AAVF16/	600	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 17
HSC16
AAVF17/	601	WO2016049230 SEQ ID NO: 13
HSC17
AAV CBr-E1	602	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV CBr-E2	603	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV CBr-E3	604	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV CBr-E4	605	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAV CBr-E5	606	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 17
AAV CBr-e5	607	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 18
AAV CBr-E6	608	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 19
AAV CBr-E7	609	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 20
AAV CBr-E8	610	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 21
AAV CLv-D1	611	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 22
AAV CLv-D2	612	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 23
AAV CLv-D3	613	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 24
AAV CLv-D4	614	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 25
AAV CLv-D5	615	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 26
AAV CLv-D6	616	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 27
AAV CLv-D7	617	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 28
AAV CLv-D8	618	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 29
AAV CLv-E1	619	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV CLv-R1	620	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 30
AAV CLv-R2	621	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 31
AAV CLv-R3	622	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 32
AAV CLv-R4	623	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 33
AAV CLv-R5	624	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 34
AAV CLv-R6	625	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 35
AAV CLv-R7	626	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 36
AAV CLv-R8	627	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 37
AAV CLv-R9	628	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 38
AAV CLg-F1	629	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 39
AAV CLg-F2	630	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 40
AAV CLg-F3	631	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 41
AAV CLg-F4	632	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 42
AAV CLg-F5	633	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 43
AAV CLg-F6	634	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 43
AAV CLg-F7	635	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 44
AAV CLg-F8	636	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 43
AAV CSp-1	637	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 45
AAV CSp-10	638	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 46
AAV CSp-11	639	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 47
AAV CSp-2	640	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 48
AAV CSp-3	641	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 49
AAV CSp-4	642	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 50
AAV CSp-6	643	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 51
AAV CSp-7	644	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 52
AAV CSp-8	645	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 53
AAV CSp-9	646	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 54
AAV CHt-2	647	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 55
AAV CHt-3	648	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 56
AAV CKd-1	649	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 57
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AAV CKd-4	653	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 61
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AAV CLv-1	657	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 65
AAV CLv-12	658	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 66
AAV CLv-13	659	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 67
AAV CLv-2	660	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 68
AAV CLv-3	661	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 69
AAV CLv-4	662	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 70
AAV CLv-6	663	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 71
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AAV CKd-B1	665	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 73
AAV CKd-B2	666	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 74
AAV CKd-B3	667	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 75
AAV CKd-B4	668	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 76
AAV CKd-B5	669	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 77
AAV CKd-B6	670	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 78
AAV CKd-B7	671	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 79
AAV CKd-B8	672	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 80
AAV CKd-H1	673	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 81
AAV CKd-H2	674	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 82
AAV CKd-H3	675	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 83
AAV CKd-H4	676	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 84
AAV CKd-H5	677	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 85
AAV CKd-H6	678	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 77
AAV CHt-1	679	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 86
AAV CLv1-1	680	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 171
AAV CLv1-2	681	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 172
AAV CLv1-3	682	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 173
AAV CLv1-4	683	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 174
AAV Clv1-7	684	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 175
AAV Clv1-8	685	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 176
AAV Clv1-9	686	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 177
AAV Clv1-10	687	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 178
AAV.VR-355	688	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 181
AAV.hu.48R3	689	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 183
AAV CBr-E1	690	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 87
AAV CBr-E2	691	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 88
AAV CBr-E3	692	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 89
AAV CBr-E4	693	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 90
AAV CBr-E5	694	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 91
AAV CBr-e5	695	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 92
AAV CBr-E6	696	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 93
AAV CBr-E7	697	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 94
AAV CBr-E8	698	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 95
AAV CLv-D1	699	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 96
AAV CLv-D2	700	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 97
AAV CLv-D3	701	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 98
AAV CLv-D4	702	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 99
AAV CLv-D5	703	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 100
AAV CLv-D6	704	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 101
AAV CLv-D7	705	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 102
AAV CLv-D8	706	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 103
AAV CLv-E1	707	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 87
AAV CLv-R1	708	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 104
AAV CLv-R2	709	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 105
AAV CLv-R3	710	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 106
AAV CLv-R4	711	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 107
AAV CLv-R5	712	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 108
AAV CLv-R6	713	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 109
AAV CLv-R7	714	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 110
AAV CLv-R8	715	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 111
AAV CLv-R9	716	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 112
AAV CLg-F1	717	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 113
AAV CLg-F2	718	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 114
AAV CLg-F3	719	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 115
AAV CLg-F4	720	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 116
AAV CLg-F5	721	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 117
AAV CLg-F6	722	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 117
AAV CLg-F7	723	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 118
AAV CLg-F8	724	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 117
AAV CSp-1	725	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 119
AAV CSp-10	726	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 120
AAV CSp-11	727	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 121
AAV CSp-2	728	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 122
AAV CSp-3	729	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 123
AAV CSp-4	730	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 124
AAV CSp-6	731	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 125
AAV CSp-7	732	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 126
AAV CSp-8	733	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 127
AAV CSp-9	734	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 128
AAV CHt-2	735	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 129
AAV CHt-3	736	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 130
AAV CKd-1	737	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 131
AAV CKd-10	738	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 132
AAV CKd-2	739	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 133
AAV CKd-3	740	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 134
AAV CKd-4	741	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 135
AAV CKd-6	742	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 136
AAV CKd-7	743	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 137
AAV CKd-8	744	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 138
AAV CLv-1	745	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 139
AAV CLv-12	746	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 140
AAV CLv-13	747	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 141
AAV CLv-2	748	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 142
AAV CLv-3	749	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 143
AAV CLv-4	750	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 144
AAV CLv-6	751	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 145
AAV CLv-8	752	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 146
AAV CKd-B1	753	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 147
AAV CKd-B2	754	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 148
AAV CKd-B3	755	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 149
AAV CKd-B4	756	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 150
AAV CKd-B5	757	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 151
AAV CKd-B6	758	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 152
AAV CKd-B7	759	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 153
AAV CKd-B8	760	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 154
AAV CKd-H1	761	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 155
AAV CKd-H2	762	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 156
AAV CKd-H3	763	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 157
AAV CKd-H4	764	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 158
AAV CKd-H5	765	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 159
AAV CKd-H6	766	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 151
AAV CHt-1	767	U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 160
AAV CHt-P2	768	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV CHt-P5	769	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 2
AAV CHt-P9	770	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 3
AAV CBr-7.1	771	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 4
AAV CBr-7.2	772	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 5
AAV CBr-7.3	773	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 6
AAV CBr-7.4	774	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 7
AAV CBr-7.5	775	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 8
AAV CBr-7.7	776	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAV CBr-7.8	777	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 10
AAV CBr-7.10	778	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 11
AAV CKd-N3	779	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 12
AAV CKd-N4	780	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV CKd-N9	781	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV CLv-L4	782	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV CLv-L5	783	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAV CLv-L6	784	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 17
AAV CLv-K1	785	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 18
AAV CLv-K3	786	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 19
AAV CLv-K6	787	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 20
AAV CLv-M1	788	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 21
AAV CLv-M11	789	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 22
AAV CLv-M2	790	WG2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 23
AAV CLv-M5	791	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 24
AAV CLv-M6	792	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 25
AAV CLv-M7	793	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 26
AAV CLv-M8	794	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 27
AAV CLv-M9	795	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 28
AAV CHt-P1	796	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 29
AAV CHt-P6	797	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 30
AAV CHt-P8	798	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 31
AAV CHt-6.1	799	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 32
AAV CHt-6.10	800	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 33
AAV CHt-6.5	801	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 34
AAV CHt-6.6	802	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 35
AAV CHt-6.7	803	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 36
AAV CHt-6.8	804	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 37
AAV CSp-8.10	805	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 38
AAV CSp-8.2	806	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 39
AAV CSp-8.4	807	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 40
AAV CSp-8.5	808	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 41
AAV CSp-8.6	809	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 42
AAV CSp-8.7	810	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 43
AAV CSp-8.8	811	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 44
AAV CSp-8.9	812	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 45
AAV CBr-B7.3	813	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 46
AAV CBr-B7.4	814	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 47
AAV3B	815	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 48
AAV4	816	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 49
AAV5	817	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 50
AAV CHt-P2	818	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 51
AAV CHt-P5	819	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 52
AAV CHt-P9	820	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 53
AAV CBr-7.1	821	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 54
AAV CBr-7.2	822	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 55
AAV CBr-7.3	823	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 56
AAV CBr-7.4	824	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 57
AAV CBr-7.5	825	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 58
AAV CBr-7.7	826	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 59
AAV CBr-7.8	827	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 60
AAV CBr-7.10	828	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 61
AAV CKd-N3	829	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 62
AAV CKd-N4	830	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 63
AAV CKd-N9	831	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 64
AAV CLv-L4	832	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 65
AAV CLv-L5	833	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 66
AAV CLv-L6	834	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 67
AAV CLv-K1	835	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 68
AAV CLv-K3	836	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 69
AAV CLv-K6	837	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 70
AAV CLv-M1	838	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 71
AAV CLv-M11	839	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 72
AAV CLv-M2	840	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 73
AAV CLv-M5	841	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 74
AAV CLv-M6	842	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 75
AAV CLv-M7	843	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 76
AAV CLv-M8	844	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 77
AAV CLv-M9	845	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 78
AAV CHt-P1	846	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 79
AAV CHt-P6	847	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 80
AAV CHt-P8	848	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 81
AAV CHt-6.1	849	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 82
AAV CHt-6.10	850	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 83
AAV CHt-6.5	851	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 84
AAV CHt-6.6	852	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 85
AAV CHt-6.7	853	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 86
AAV CHt-6.8	854	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 87
AAV CSp-8.10	855	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 88
AAV CSp-8.2	856	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 89
AAV CSp-8.4	857	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 90
AAV CSp-8.5	858	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 91
AAV CSp-8.6	859	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 92
AAV CSp-8.7	860	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 93
AAV CSp-8.8	861	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 94
AAV CSp-8.9	862	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 95
AAV CBr-B7.3	863	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 96
AAV CBr-B7.4	864	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 97
AAV3B	865	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 98
AAV4	866	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 99
AAV5	867	WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 100
AAVPHP.B	868	WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 8
or G2B-26		and 13; GenBankALU85156.1
AAVPHP.B	869	WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAVG2B-13	870	WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 12
AAVTH1.1-32	871	WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAVTH1.1-35	872	WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 15
PHP.N/	1859	WO2017100671 SEQ ID NO: 46
PHP.B-DGT
PHP.S/G2A12	1860	WO2017100671 SEQ ID NO: 47
AAV9/	1861	WO2017100671 SEQ ID NO: 45
hu.14K449R
GPV	1862	U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274B2 SEQ ID NO: 192
B19	1863	U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274B2 SEQ ID NO: 193
MVM	1864	U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274B2 SEQ ID NO: 194
CPV	1865	U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274B2 SEQ ID NO: 195
CPV	1866	U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274B2 SEQ ID NO: 196
AAV6	1867	U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112B2 SEQ ID NO: 5
AAV6	1868	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV2	1869	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 2
ShH10	1870	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 3
ShH13	1871	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 4
ShH10	1872	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 5
ShH10	1873	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 6
ShH10	1874	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 7
ShH10	1875	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 8
ShH10	1876	U.S. Pat. No. 9,457,103B2 SEQ ID NO: 9
rh74	1877	U.S. Pat. No. 9,4349,28B2 SEQ ID NO: 1,
		US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 2
rh74	1878	U.S. Pat. No. 9,434,928B2 SEQ ID NO: 2,
		US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV8	1879	U.S. Pat. No. 9,434,928B2 SEQ ID NO: 4
rh74	1880	U.S. Pat. No. 9,434,928B2 SEQ ID NO: 5
rh74	1881	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 5,
(RHM4-1)		US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
rh74	1882	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 6,
(RHM15-1)		US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
rh74	1883	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 7,
(RHM15-2)		US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
rh74	1884	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 8,
(RHM15-3/		US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
RHM15-5)
rh74	1885	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 9,
(RHM15-4)		US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 8
rh74	1886	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 10,
(RHM15-6)		US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
rh74	1887	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 11
(RHM4-1)
rh74	1888	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 12
(RHM15-1)
rh74	1889	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
(RHM15-2)
rh74	1890	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
(RHM15-3/
RHM15-5)
rh74	1891	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
(RHM15-4)
rh74	1892	US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
(RHM15-6)
AAV2	1893	US20160175389A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
(comprising
lung specific
polypeptide)
AAV2	1894	US20160175389A1 SEQ ID NO: 10
(comprising
lung specific
polypeptide)
Anc80	1895	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
Anc80	1896	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 2
Anc81	1897	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 3
Anc80	1898	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
Anc82	1899	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
Anc82	1900	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
Anc83	1901	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
Anc83	1902	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 8
Anc84	1903	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
Anc84	1904	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 10
Anc94	1905	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 11
Anc94	1906	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 12
Anc113	1907	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
Anc113	1908	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
Anc126	1909	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
Anc126	1910	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
Anc127	1911	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
Anc127	1912	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 18
Anc80L27	1913	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 19
Anc80L59	1914	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 20
Anc80L60	1915	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 21
Anc80L62	1916	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 22
Anc80L65	1917	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 23
Anc80L33	1918	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 24
Anc80L36	1919	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 25
Anc80L44	1920	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 26
Anc80L1	1921	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 35
Anc80L1	1922	US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 36
AAV-X1	1923	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 11
AAV-X1b	1924	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 12
AAV-X5	1925	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV-X19	1926	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV-X22	1927	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV-X22	1928	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAV-X23	1929	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 17
AAV-X24	1930	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 18
AAV-X25	1931	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 19
AAV-X26	1932	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 20
AAV-X1	1933	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 21
AAV-X1b	1934	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 22
AAV-X5	1935	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 23
AAV-X19	1936	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 24
AAV-X21	1937	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 25
AAV-X22	1938	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 26
AAV-X23	1939	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 27
AAV-X24	1940	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 28
AAV-X25	1941	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 29
AAV-X26	1942	U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151B2 SEQ ID NO: 30
AAVrh8	1943	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 8
AAVrh8VP2FC5	1944	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAVrh8VP2FC44	1945	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 30
AAVrh8VP2ApoB100	1946	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 11
AAVrh8VP2RVG	1947	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 12
AAVrh8VP2	1948	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
Angiopep-2VP2
AAV9.47VP1.3	1949	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV9.47VP2ICAMg3	1950	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV9.47VP2RVG	1951	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAV9.47VP2Angiopep-2	1952	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
AAV9.47VP2A-	1953	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 18
string
AAVrh8VP2FC5	1954	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 19
VP2
AAVrh8VP2FC44	1955	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 20
VP2
AAVrb8VP2ApoB100	1956	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 21
VP2
AAVrh8VP2RVG	1957	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 22
VP2
AAVrh8VP2	1958	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 23
Angiopep-2VP2
AAV9.47VP2ICAMg3	1959	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 24
VP2
AAV9.47VP2RVG	1960	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 25
VP2
AAV9.47VP2Angiopep-	1961	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 26
2 VP2
AAV9.47VP2A-	1962	WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 27
string VP2
rAAV-B1	1963	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
rAAV-B2	1964	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 2
rAAV-B3	1965	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 3
rAAV-B4	1966	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
rAAV-B1	1967	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
rAAV-B2	1968	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
rAAV-B3	1969	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
rAAV-B4	1970	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 8
rAAV-L1	1971	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
rAAV-L2	1972	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 10
rAAV-L3	1973	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 11
rAAV-L4	1974	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 12
rAAV-L1	1975	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
rAAV-L2	1976	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
rAAV-L3	1977	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
rAAV-L4	1978	WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
AAV9	1979	WO2016073739A1 SEQ ID NO: 3
rAAV	1980	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
rAAV	1981	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 2
rAAV	1982	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 3
rAAV	1983	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
rAAV	1984	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
rAAV	1985	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
rAAV	1986	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
rAAV	1987	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 8
rAAV	1988	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
rAAV	1989	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 10
rAAV	1990	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 11
rAAV	1991	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 12
rAAV	1992	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
rAAV	1997	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
rAAV	1994	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
rAAV	1995	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
rAAV	1996	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
rAAV	1997	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 18
rAAV	1998	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 19
rAAV	1999	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 20
rAAV	2000	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 21
rAAV	2001	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 22
rAAV	2002	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 23
rAAV	2003	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 24
rAAV	2004	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 25
rAAV	2005	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 26
rAAV	2006	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 27
rAAV	2007	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 28
rAAV	2008	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 29
rAAV	2009	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 30
rAAV	2010	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 31
rAAV	2011	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 32
rAAV	2012	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 33
rAAV	2013	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 34
rAAV	2014	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 35
rAAV	2015	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 36
rAAV	2016	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 37
rAAV	2017	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 38
rAAV	2018	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 39
rAAV	2019	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 40
rAAV	2020	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 41
rAAV	2021	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 42
rAAV	2022	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 43
rAAV	2023	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 44
rAAV	2024	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 45
rAAV	2025	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 46
rAAV	2026	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 47
rAAV	2027	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 48
rAAV	2028	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 49
rAAV	2029	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 50
rAAV	2030	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 51
rAAV	2031	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 52
rAAV	2032	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 53
rAAV	2033	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 54
rAAV	2034	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 55
rAAV	2035	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 56
rAAV	2036	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 57
rAAV	2037	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 58
rAAV	2038	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 59
rAAV	2039	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 60
rAAV	2040	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 61
rAAV	2041	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 62
rAAV	2042	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 63
rAAV	2043	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 64
rAAV	2044	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 65
rAAV	2045	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 66
rAAV	2046	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 67
rAAV	2047	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 68
rAAV	2048	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 69
rAAV	2049	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 70
rAAV	2050	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 71
rAAV	2051	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 72
rAAV	2052	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 73
rAAV	2053	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 74
rAAV	2054	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 75
rAAV	2055	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 76
rAAV	2056	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 77
rAAV	2057	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 78
rAAV	2058	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 79
rAAV	2059	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 80
rAAV	2060	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 81
rAAV	2061	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 82
rAAV	2062	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 83
rAAV	2063	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 84
rAAV	2064	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 85
rAAV	2065	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 86
rAAV	2066	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 87
rAAV	2067	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 88
rAAV	2068	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 89
rAAV	2069	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 90
rAAV	2070	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 91
rAAV	2071	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 92
rAAV	2072	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 93
rAAV	2073	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 94
rAAV	2074	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 95
rAAV	2075	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 96
rAAV	2076	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 97
rAAV	2077	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 98
rAAV	2078	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 99
rAAV	2079	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 100
rAAV	2080	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 101
rAAV	2081	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 102
rAAV	2082	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 103
rAAV	2083	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 104
rAAV	2084	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 105
rAAV	2085	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 106
rAAV	2086	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 107
rAAV	2087	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 108
rAAV	2088	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 109
rAAV	2089	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 110
rAAV	2090	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 111
rAAV	2091	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 112
rAAV	2092	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 113
rAAV	2093	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 114
rAAV	2094	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 115
rAAV	2095	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 116
rAAV	2096	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 117
rAAV	2097	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 118
rAAV	2098	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 119
rAAV	2099	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 120
rAAV	2100	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 121
rAAV	2101	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 122
rAAV	2102	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 123
rAAV	2103	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 124
rAAV	2104	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 125
rAAV	2105	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 126
rAAV	2106	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 127
rAAV	2107	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 128
AAV8	2108	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 133
E532K
AAV8	2109	WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 134
E532K
rAAV4	2110	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 2
rAAV4	2111	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 3
rAAV4	2112	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
rAAV4	2113	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
rAAV4	2114	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
rAAV4	2115	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
rAAV4	2116	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 8
rAAV4	2117	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
rAAV4	2118	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 10
rAAV4	2119	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 11
rAAV4	2120	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 12
rAAV4	2121	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
rAAV4	2122	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
rAAV4	2123	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
rAAV4	2124	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
rAAV4	2125	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
rAAV4	2126	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 18
rAAV4	2127	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 19
rAAV4	2128	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 20
rAAV4	2129	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 21
AAV11	2130	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 22
AAV12	2131	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 23
rh32	2132	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 25
rh33	2133	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 26
rh34	2134	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 27
rAAV4	2135	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 28
rAAV4	2136	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 29
rAAV4	2137	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 30
rAAV4	2138	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 31
rAAV4	2139	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 32
rAAV4	2140	WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 33
AAV2/8	2141	WO2016131981A1 SEQ ID NO: 47
AAV2/8	2142	WO2016131981A1 SEQ ID NO: 48
ancestral	2143	WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
AAV
ancestral	2144	WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV variant
C4
ancestral	2145	WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV variant
C7
ancestral	2146	WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV variant
G4
consensus	2147	WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
amino acid
sequence of
ancestral
AAV
variants, C4,
C7 and G4
consensus	2148	WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
amino acid
sequence of
ancestral
AAV
variants, C4
and C7
AAV8 (with	2149	WO2016150403A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
a AAV2
phospholipase
domain)
AAV VR-	2150	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 10
942n
AAV5-A	2151	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
(M569V)
AAV5-A	2152	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
(M569V)
AAV5-A	2153	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 16
(Y585V)
AAV5-A	2154	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
(Y585V)
AAV5-A	2155	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 19
(L587T)
AAV5-A	2156	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 20
(L587T)
AAV5-A	2157	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 22
(Y585V/L587T)
AAV5-A	2158	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 23
(Y585V/L587T)
AAV5-B	2159	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 25
(D652A)
AAV5-B	2160	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 26
(D652A)
AAV5-B	2161	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 28
(T362M)
AAV5-B	2162	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 29
(T362M)
AAV5-B	2163	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 31
(Q359D)
AAV5-B	2164	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 32
(Q359D)
AAV5-B	2165	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 34
(E350Q)
AAV5-B	2166	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 35
(E350Q)
AAV5-B	2167	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 37
(P533S)
AAV5-B	2168	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 38
(P533S)
AAV5-B	2169	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 40
(P533G)
AAV5-B	2170	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 41
(P533G)
AAV5-	2171	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 43
mutation in
loop VII
AAV5-	2172	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 44
mutation in
loop VII
AAV8	2173	US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 47
Mut A	2174	WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
(LK03/AAV8)
Mut B	2175	WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 2
(LK03/AAV5)
Mut C	2176	WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 3
(AAV8/
AAV3B)
Mut D	2177	WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
(AAV5/
AAV3B)
Mut E	2178	WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
(AAV8/
AAV3B)
Mut F	2179	WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
(AAV3B/
AAV8)
AAV44.9	2180	WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 4
AAV44.9	2181	WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
AAVrh8	2182	WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
AAV44.9	2183	WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
(S470N)
rh74 VP1	2184	US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV-LK03	2185	WO2017015102A1 SEQ ID NO: 5
(L135I)
AAV3B	2186	WO2017015102A1 SEQ ID NO: 6
(S663V +
T492V)
Anc80	2187	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 1
Anc80	2188	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 2
Anc81	2189	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 3
Anc81	2190	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 4
Anc82	2191	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 5
Anc82	2192	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 6
Anc83	2193	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 7
Anc83	2194	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 8
Anc84	2195	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 9
Anc84	2196	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 10
Anc94	2197	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 11
Anc94	2198	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 12
Anc113	2199	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 13
Anc113	2200	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 14
Anc126	2201	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 15
Anc126	2202	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 16
Anc127	2203	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 17
Anc127	2204	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 18
Anc80L27	2205	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 19
Anc80L59	2206	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 20
Anc80L60	2207	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 21
Anc80L62	2208	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 22
Anc80L65	2209	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 23
Anc80L33	2210	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 24
Anc80L36	2211	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 25
Anc80L44	2212	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 26
Anc80L1	2213	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 35
Anc80L1	2214	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 36
AAVrh10	2215	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 41
Anc110	2216	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 42
Anc110	2217	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 43
AAVrh32.33	2218	WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 45
AAVrh74	2219	WO2017049031A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV2	2220	WO2017053629A2 SEQ ID NO: 49
AAV2	2221	WO2017053629A2 SEQ ID NO: 50
AAV2	2222	WO2017053629A2 SEQ ID NO: 82
Parvo-like	2223	WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 1
virus
Parvo-like	2224	WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 2
virus
Parvo-like	2225	WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 3
virus
Parvo-like	2226	WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 4
virus
Parvo-like	2227	WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 5
virus
Parvo-like	2228	WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 6
virus
AAVrh.10	2229	WO2017070516A1 SEQ ID NO: 7
AAVrh.10	2230	WO2017070516A1 SEQ ID NO: 14
AAV2tYF	2231	WO2017070491A1 SEQ ID NO: 1
AAV-SPK	2232	WO2017075619A1 SEQ ID NO: 28
AAV2.5	2233	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 13
AAV1.1	2234	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 15
AAV6.1	2235	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 17
AAV6.3.1	2236	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 18
AAV2i8	2237	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 28
AAV2i8	2238	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 29
ttAAV	2239	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 30
ttAAV-	2240	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 32
S312N
ttAAV-	2241	US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 33
S312N
AAV6	2242	WO2016134337A1 SEQ ID NO: 24
(Y705, Y731,
and T492)
AAV2	2243	WO2016134375A1 SEQ ID NO: 9
AAV2	2244	WO2016134375A1 SEQ ID NO: 10

Each of the patents, applications and/or publications listed in Table 1 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2015038958, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 11 of WO2015038958 or SEQ ID NO: 127 and 126 respectively herein), PHP.B (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 9 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 868 and 869), G2B-13 (SEQ ID NO: 12 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 870), G2B-26 (SEQ ID NO: 13 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 868 and 869), TH1.1-32 (SEQ ID NO: 14 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 871), TH1.1-35 (SEQ ID NO: 15 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 872) or variants thereof. Further, any of the targeting peptides or amino acid inserts described in WO2015038958, may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 126 for the DNA sequence and SEQ ID NO: 127 for the amino acid sequence). In one embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 586-592 of the parent AAV (e.g., AAV9). In another embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 588-589 of the parent AAV sequence. The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 873), KFPVALT (SEQ ID NO: 3 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 874), LAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 31 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 875), AVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 32 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 876), VPFK (SEQ ID NO: 33 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 877), TLAVPF (SEQ ID NO: 34 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 878), TLAVP (SEQ ID NO: 35 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 879), TLAV (SEQ ID NO: 36 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 880), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 28 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 881), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 29 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 882), MNATKNV (SEQ ID NO: 30 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 883), QSSQTPR (SEQ ID NO: 54 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 884), ILGTGTS (SEQ ID NO: 55 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 885), TRTNPEA (SEQ ID NO: 56 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 886), NGGTSSS (SEQ ID NO: 58 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 887), or YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 60 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 888). Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid inserts include the following, AAGTTTCCTGTGGCGTTGACT (for SEQ ID NO: 3 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 889), ACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 49 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 890), AGTGTGAGTAAGCCTTTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 25 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 891), TTTACGTTGACGACGCCTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 26 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 892), ATGAATGCTACGAAGAATGTG (SEQ ID NO: 27 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 893), CAGTCGTCGCAGACGCCTAGG (SEQ ID NO: 48 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 894), ATTCTGGGGACTGGTACTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 52 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 895), ACGCGGACTAATCCTGAGGCT (SEQ ID NO: 51 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 896), AATGGGGGGACTAGTAGTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 53 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 897), or TATACTTTGTCGCAGGGTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 59 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 898).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be engineered to comprise at least one AAV capsid CD8+ T-cell epitope for AAV2 such as, but not limited to, SADNNNSEY (SEQ ID NO: 899), LIDQYLYYL (SEQ ID NO: 900), VPQYGYLTL (SEQ ID NO: 901), TTSTRTWAL (SEQ ID NO: 902), YHLNGRDSL (SEQ ID NO: 903), SQAVGRSSF (SEQ ID NO: 904), VPANPSTTF (SEQ ID NO: 905), FPQSGVLIF (SEQ ID NO: 906), YFDFNRFHCHFSPRD (SEQ ID NO: 907), VGNSSGNWHCDSTWM (SEQ ID NO: 908), QFSQAGASDIRDQSR (SEQ ID NO: 909), GASDIRQSRNWLP (SEQ ID NO: 910) and GNRQAATADVNTQGV (SEQ ID NO: 911).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be engineered to comprise at least one AAV capsid CD8+ T-cell epitope for AAV1 such as, but not limited to, LDRLMNPLI (SEQ ID NO: 912), TTSTRTWAL (SEQ ID NO: 902), and QPAKKRLNF (SEQ ID NO: 913)).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2017100671, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 45 of WO2017100671, herein SEQ ID NO: 1861), PHP.N (SEQ ID NO: 46 of WO2017100671, herein SEQ ID NO: 1859), PHP.S (SEQ ID NO: 47 of WO2017100671, herein SEQ ID NO: 1860), or variants thereof. Further, any of the targeting peptides or amino acid inserts described in WO2017100671 may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 127 or SEQ ID NO: 1861). In one embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 586-592 of the parent AAV (e.g., AAV9). In another embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 588-589 of the parent AAV sequence. The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, AQTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2245), AQSVSKPFLAQ (SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2246), AQFTLTTPKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2247), DGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2248), ESTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 5 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2249), GGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 6 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2250), AQTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 33 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2251), ATTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 8 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2252), DGTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2253), GGTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2254), SGSLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2255), AQTLAQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 12 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2256), AQTLQQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 13 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2257), AQTLSNPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 14 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2258), AQTLAVPFSNP (SEQ ID NO: 15 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2259), QGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 16 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2260), NQTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 17 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2261), EGSLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 18 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2262), SGNLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 19 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2263), EGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 20 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2264), DSTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 21 in Table 1 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2265), AVTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 22 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2266), AQTLSTPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 23 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2267), AQTLPQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 32 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2268), AQTLSQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 25 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2269), AQTLQLPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 26 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2270), AQTLTMPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 27, and 34 of WO2017100671 and SEQ ID NO: 35 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2271), AQTLTTPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 28 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2272), AQYTLSQGWAQ (SEQ ID NO: 29 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2273), AQMNATKNVAQ (SEQ ID NO: 30 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2274), AQVSGGHHSAQ (SEQ ID NO: 31 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2275), AQTLTAPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 35 in Table 1 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2276), AQTLSKPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 36 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2277), QAVRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 37 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2278), YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 38 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 888), LAKERLS (SEQ ID NO: 39 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2279), TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 40 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 873), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 41 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 881), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 42 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 882), MNSTKNV (SEQ ID NO: 43 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2280), VSGGHHS (SEQ ID NO: 44 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2281), SAQTLAVPFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 48 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2282), SXXXLAVPFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 49 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 2283), SAQXXXVPFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 50 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 2284), SAQTLXXXFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 51 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 2285), SAQTLAVXXXAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 52 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 2286), SAQTLAVPFXXXAQ (SEQ ID NO: 53 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 2287), TNHQSAQ (SEQ ID NO: 65 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2288), AQAQTGW (SEQ ID NO: 66 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2289), DGTLATPFK (SEQ ID NO: 67 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2290), DGTLATPFKXX (SEQ ID NO: 68 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 2291), LAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 80 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2292), VPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 81 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2293), FKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 82 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2294), AQTLAV (SEQ ID NO: 83 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2295), AQTLAVPF (SEQ ID NO: 84 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2296), QAVR (SEQ ID NO: 85 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2297), AVRT (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2298), VRTS (SEQ ID NO: 87 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2299), RTSL (SEQ ID NO: 88 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2300), QAVRT (SEQ ID NO: 89 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2301), AVRTS (SEQ ID NO: 90 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2302), VRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 91 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2303), QAVRTS (SEQ ID NO: 92 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2304), or AVRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 93 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2305).

Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid inserts include the following, GATGGGACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAGGCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 54 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2306), GATGGGACGTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAGGCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 55 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2307), CAGGCGGTTAGGACGTCTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 56 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2308), CAGGTCTTCACGGACTCAGACTATCAG (SEQ ID NO: 57 and 78 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2309), CAAGTAAAACCTCTACAAATGTGGTAAAATCG (SEQ ID NO: 58 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2310), ACTCATCGACCAATACTTGTACTATCTCTCTAGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 59 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2311), GGAAGTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCA (SEQ ID NO: 60 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2312), GGTCGCGGTTCTTGTTTGTGGAT (SEQ ID NO: 61 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2313), CGACCTTGAAGCGCATGAACTCCT (SEQ ID NO: 62 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2314), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCMNNMNNMNNMNNMNN MNNMNNTTGGGCACTCTGGTGGTTTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 63 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 2315), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCMNNMNNMNNAAAAGGCACCGCC AAAGTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 69 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 2316), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCMNNMNNMNNCACCGCC AAAGTTTGGGCACT (SEQ ID NO: 70 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 2317), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCCTTAAAMNNMNNMNNC AAAGTTTGGGCACTCTGGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 71 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 2318), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCCTTAAAAGGCACMNNM NNMNNTTGGGCACTCTGGTGGTTTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 72 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 2319), ACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 74 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 890), AGTGTGAGTAAGCCTTTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 75 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 891), TTTACGTTGACGACGCCTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 76 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 892), TATACTTTGTCGCAGGGTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 77 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 898), or CTTGCGAAGGAGCGGCTTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 79 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 2320).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 181 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 182 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV3b (SEQ ID NO: 184 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 185 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV10 (SEQ ID NO: 187 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 188 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV11 (SEQ ID NO: 189 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), bAAV (SEQ ID NO: 190 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 191 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), GPV (SEQ ID NO: 192 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1862), B19 (SEQ ID NO: 193 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1863), MVM (SEQ ID NO: 194 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1864), FPV (SEQ ID NO: 195 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1865), CPV (SEQ ID NO: 196 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1866) or variants thereof. Further, any of the structural protein inserts described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274, may be inserted into, but not limited to, 1-453 and 1-587 of any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274). The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, VNLTWSRASG (SEQ ID NO: 50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2321), EFCINHRGYWVCGD (SEQ ID NO:55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2322), EDGQVMDVDLS (SEQ ID NO: 85 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2323), EKQRNGTLT (SEQ ID NO: 86 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2324), TYQCRVTHPHLPRALMR (SEQ ID NO: 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2325), RHSTTQPRKTKGSG (SEQ ID NO: 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2326), DSNPRGVSAYLSR (SEQ ID NO: 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2327), TITCLWDLAPSK (SEQ ID NO: 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2328), KTKGSGFFVF (SEQ ID NO: 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2329), THPHLPRALMRS (SEQ ID NO: 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2330), GETYQCRVTHPHLPRALMRSTTK (SEQ ID NO: 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2331), LPRALMRS (SEQ ID NO: 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2332), INHRGYWV (SEQ ID NO: 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2333), CDAGSVRTNAPD (SEQ ID NO: 60 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2334), AKAVSNLTESRSESLQS (SEQ ID NO: 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2335), SLTGDEFKKVLET (SEQ ID NO: 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2336), REAVAYRFEED (SEQ ID NO: 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2337), INPEIITLDG (SEQ ID NO: 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2338), DISVTGAPVITATYL (SEQ ID NO: 100 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2339), DISVTGAPVITA (SEQ ID NO: 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2340), PKTVSNLTESSSESVQS (SEQ ID NO: 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2341), SLMGDEFKAVLET (SEQ ID NO: 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2342), QHSVAYTFEED (SEQ ID NO: 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2343), INPEIITRDG (SEQ ID NO: 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2344), DISLTGDPVITASYL (SEQ ID NO: 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2345), DISLTGDPVITA (SEQ ID NO: 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2346), DQSIDFEIDSA (SEQ ID NO: 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2347), KNVSEDLPLPTFSPTLLGDS (SEQ ID NO: 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2348), KNVSEDLPLPT (SEQ ID NO: 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2349), CDSGRVRTDAPD (SEQ ID NO: 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2350), FPEHLLVDFLQSLS (SEQ ID NO: 112 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2351), DAEFRHDSG (SEQ ID NO: 65 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2352), HYAAAQWDFGNTMCQL (SEQ ID NO: 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2353), YAAQWDFGNTMCQ (SEQ ID NO: 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2354), RSQKEGLHYT (SEQ ID NO: 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2355), SSRTPSDKPVAHWANPQAE (SEQ ID NO: 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2356), SRTPSDKPVAHWANP (SEQ ID NO: 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2357), SSRTPSDKP (SEQ ID NO: 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2358), NADGNVDYHMNSVP (SEQ ID NO: 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2359), DGNVDYHMNSV (SEQ ID NO: 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2360), RSFKEFLQSSLRALRQ (SEQ ID NO: 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2361); FKEFLQSSLRA (SEQ ID NO: 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2362), or QMWAPQWGPD (SEQ ID NO: 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 2363).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV capsid proteins comprising modification of one or more amino acids at amino acid positions 585 to 590 of the native AAV2 capsid protein. Further the modification may result in, but not limited to, the amino acid sequence RGNRQA (SEQ ID NO: 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2364), SSSTDP (SEQ ID NO: 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2365), SSNTAP (SEQ ID NO: 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2366), SNSNLP (SEQ ID NO: 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2367), SSTTAP (SEQ ID NO: 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2368), AANTAA (SEQ ID NO: 8 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2369), QQNTAP (SEQ ID NO: 9 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2370), SAQAQA (SEQ ID NO: 10 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2371), QANTGP (SEQ ID NO: 11 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2372), NATTAP (SEQ ID NO: 12 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2373), SSTAGP (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 20 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2374), QQNTAA (SEQ ID NO: 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2375), PSTAGP (SEQ ID NO: 15 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2376), NQNTAP (SEQ ID NO: 16 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2377), QAANAP (SEQ ID NO: 17 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2378), SIVGLP (SEQ ID NO: 18 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2379), AASTAA (SEQ ID NO: 19, and 27 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2380), SQNTTA (SEQ ID NO: 21 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2381), QQDTAP (SEQ ID NO: 22 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2382), QTNTGP (SEQ ID NO: 23 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2383), QTNGAP (SEQ ID NO: 24 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2384), QQNAAP (SEQ ID NO: 25 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2385), or AANTQA (SEQ ID NO: 26 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2386). In one embodiment, the amino acid modification is a substitution at amino acid positions 262 through 265 in the native AAV2 capsid protein or the corresponding position in the capsid protein of another AAV with a targeting sequence. The targeting sequence may be, but is not limited to, any of the amino acid sequences, NGRAHA (SEQ ID NO: 38 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2387), QPEHSST (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2388), VNTANST (SEQ ID NO: 40 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2389), HGPMQKS (SEQ ID NO: 41 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2390), PHKPPLA (SEQ ID NO: 42 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2391), IKNNEMW (SEQ ID NO: 43 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2392), RNLDTPM (SEQ ID NO: 44 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2393), VDSHRQS (SEQ ID NO: 45 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2394), YDSKTKT (SEQ ID NO: 46 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2395), SQLPHQK (SEQ ID NO: 47 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2396), STMQQNT (SEQ ID NO: 48 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2397), TERYMTQ (SEQ ID NO: 49 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2398), DASLSTS (SEQ ID NO: 51 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2399), DLPNKKT (SEQ ID NO: 52 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2400), DLTAARL (SEQ ID NO: 53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2401), EPHQFNY (SEQ ID NO: 54 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2402), EPQSNHT (SEQ ID NO: 55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2403), MSSWPSQ (SEQ ID NO: 56 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2404), NPKHNAT (SEQ ID NO: 57 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2405), PDGMRTT (SEQ ID NO: 58 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2406), PNNNKTT (SEQ ID NO: 59 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2407), QSTTHDS (SEQ ID NO: 60 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2408), TGSKQKQ (SEQ ID NO: 61 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2409), SLKHQAL (SEQ ID NO: 62 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2410), SPIDGEQ (SEQ ID NO: 63 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2411), WIFPWIQL (SEQ ID NO: 64 and 112 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2412), CDCRGDCFC (SEQ ID NO: 65 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2413), CNGRC (SEQ ID NO: 66 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2414), CPRECES (SEQ ID NO: 67 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2415), CTTHWGFTLC (SEQ ID NO: 68 and 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2416), CGRRAGGSC (SEQ ID NO: 69 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2417), CKGGRAKDC (SEQ ID NO: 70 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2418), CVPELGHEC (SEQ ID NO: 71 and 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2419), CRRETAWAK (SEQ ID NO: 72 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2420), VSWFSHRYSPFAVS (SEQ ID NO: 73 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2421), GYRDGYAGPILYN (SEQ ID NO: 74 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2422), XXXYXXX (SEQ ID NO: 75 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2423), YXNW (SEQ ID NO: 76 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2424), RPLPPLP (SEQ ID NO: 77 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2425), APPLPPR (SEQ ID NO: 78 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2426), DVFYPYPYASGS (SEQ ID NO: 79 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2427), MYWYPY (SEQ ID NO: 80 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2428), DITWDQLWDLMK (SEQ ID NO: 81 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2429), CWDDXWLC (SEQ ID NO: 82 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2430), EWCEYLGGYLRCYA (SEQ ID NO: 83 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2431), YXCXXGPXTWXCXP (SEQ ID NO: 84 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2432), IEGPTLRQWLAARA (SEQ ID NO: 85 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2433), LWXXX (SEQ ID NO: 86 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2434), XFXXYLW (SEQ ID NO: 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2435), SSIISHFRWGLCD (SEQ ID NO: 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2436), MSRPACPPNDKYE (SEQ ID NO: 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2437), CLRSGRGC (SEQ ID NO: 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2438), CHWMFSPWC (SEQ ID NO: 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2439), WXXF (SEQ ID NO: 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2440), CSSRLDAC (SEQ ID NO: 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2441), CLPVASC (SEQ ID NO: 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2442), CGFECVRQCPERC (SEQ ID NO: 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2443), CVALCREACGEGC (SEQ ID NO: 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2444), SWCEPGWCR (SEQ ID NO: 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2445), YSGKWGW (SEQ ID NO: 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2446), GLSGGRS (SEQ ID NO: 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2447), LMLPRAD (SEQ ID NO: 100 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2448), CSCFRDVCC (SEQ ID NO: 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2449), CRDVVSVIC (SEQ ID NO: 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2450), MARSGL (SEQ ID NO: 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2451), MARAKE (SEQ ID NO: 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2452), MSRTMS (SEQ ID NO: 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2453), KCCYSL (SEQ ID NO: 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2454), MYWGDSHWLQYWYE (SEQ ID NO: 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2455), MQLPLAT (SEQ ID NO: 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2456), EWLS (SEQ ID NO: 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2457), SNEW (SEQ ID NO: 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2458), TNYL (SEQ ID NO: 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2459), WDLAWMFRLPVG (SEQ ID NO: 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2460), CTVALPGGYVRVC (SEQ ID NO: 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2461), CVAYCIEHHCWTC (SEQ ID NO: 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2462), CVFAHNYDYLVC (SEQ ID NO: 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2463), CVFTSNYAFC (SEQ ID NO: 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2464), VHSPNKK (SEQ ID NO: 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2465), CRGDGWC (SEQ ID NO: 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2466), XRGCDX (SEQ ID NO: 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2467), PXXX (SEQ ID NO: 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2468), SGKGPRQITAL (SEQ ID NO: 124 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2469), AAAAAAAAAXXXXX (SEQ ID NO: 125 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2470), VYMSPF (SEQ ID NO: 126 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2471), ATWLPPR (SEQ ID NO: 127 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2472), HTMYYHHYQHHL (SEQ ID NO: 128 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2473), SEVGCRAGPLQWLCEKYFG (SEQ ID NO: 129 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2474), CGLLPVGRPDRNVWRWLC (SEQ ID NO: 130 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2475), CKGQCDRFKGLPWEC (SEQ ID NO: 131 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2476), SGRSA (SEQ ID NO: 132 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2477), WGFP (SEQ ID NO: 133 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2478), AEPMPHSLNFSQYLWYT (SEQ ID NO: 134 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2479), WAYXSP (SEQ ID NO: 135 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2480), IELLQAR (SEQ ID NO: 136 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2481), AYTKCSRQWRTCMTTH (SEQ ID NO: 137 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2482), PQNSKIPGPTFLDPH (SEQ ID NO: 138 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2483), SMEPALPDWWWKMFK (SEQ ID NO: 139 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2484), ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR (SEQ ID NO: 140 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2485), TACHQHVRMVRP (SEQ ID NO: 141 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2486), VPWMEPAYQRFL (SEQ ID NO: 142 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2487), DPRATPGS (SEQ ID NO: 143 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2488), FRPNRAQDYNTN (SEQ ID NO: 144 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2489), CTKNSYLMC (SEQ ID NO: 145 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2490), CXXTXXXGXGC (SEQ ID NO: 146 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2491), CPIEDRPMC (SEQ ID NO: 147 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2492), HEWSYLAPYPWF (SEQ ID NO: 148 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2493), MCPKHPLGC (SEQ ID NO: 149 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2494), RMWPSSTVNLSAGRR (SEQ ID NO: 150 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2495), SAKTAVSQRVWLPSHRGGEP (SEQ ID NO: 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2496), KSREHVNNSACPSKRITAAL (SEQ ID NO: 152 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2497), EGFR (SEQ ID NO: 153 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2498), AGLGVR (SEQ ID NO: 154 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2499), GTRQGHTMRLGVSDG (SEQ ID NO: 155 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2500), IAGLATPGWSHWLAL (SEQ ID NO: 156 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2501), SMSIARL (SEQ ID NO: 157 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2502), HTFEPGV (SEQ ID NO: 158 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2503), NTSLKRISNKRIRRK (SEQ ID NO: 159 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2504), LRIKRKRRKRKKTRK (SEQ ID NO: 160 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2505), GGG, GFS, LWS, EGG, LLV, LSP, LBS, AGG, GRR, GGH and GTV.

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US 20160369298, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, site-specific mutated capsid protein of AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 97 of US 20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2506) or variants thereof, wherein the specific site is at least one site selected from sites R447, G453, S578, N587, N587+1, S662 of VP1 or fragment thereof.

Further, any of the mutated sequences described in US 20160369298, may be or may have, but not limited to, any of the following sequences SDSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 231 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2507), SPSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2508), SHSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 3 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2509), SRSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2510), SKSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2511), SNSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2512), SGSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 7 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2513), SASGASN (SEQ ID NO: 8, 175, and 221 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2514), SESGTSN (SEQ ID NO: 9 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2515), STTGGSN (SEQ ID NO: 10 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2516), SSAGSTN (SEQ ID NO: 11 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2517), NNDSQA (SEQ ID NO: 12 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2518), NNRNQA (SEQ ID NO: 13 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2519), NNNKQA (SEQ ID NO: 14 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2520), NAKRQA (SEQ ID NO: 15 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2521), NDEHQA (SEQ ID NO: 16 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2522), NTSQKA (SEQ ID NO: 17 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2523), YYLSRTNTPSGTDTQSRLVFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 18 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2524), YYLSRTNTDSGTETQSGLDFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 19 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2525), YYLSRTNTESGTPTQSALEFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 20 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2526), YYLSRTNTHSGTHTQSPLHFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 21 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2527), YYLSRTNTSSGTITISHLIFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 22 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2528), YYLSRTNTRSGIMTKSSLMFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 23 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2529), YYLSRTNTKSGRKTLSNLSFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2530), YYLSRTNDGSGPVTPSKLRFSQRGA (SEQ ID NO: 25 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2531), YYLSRTNAASGHATHSDLKFSQPGA (SEQ ID NO: 26 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2532), YYLSRTNGQAGSLTMSELGFSQVGA (SEQ ID NO: 27 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2533), YYLSRTNSTGGNQTTSQLLFSQLSA (SEQ ID NO: 28 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2534), YFLSRTNNNTGLNTNSTLNFSQGRA (SEQ ID NO: 29 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2535), SKTGADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 30 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2536), SKTDADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 31 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2537), SKTEADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 32 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2538), SKTPADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 33 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2539), SKTHADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 34 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2540), SKTQADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 35 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2541), SKTIADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 36 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2542), SKTMADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 37 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2543), SKTRADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2544), SKTNADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2545), SKTVGRNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2546), SKTADRNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2547), SKKLSQNNNSKYSWQG (SEQ ID NO: 42 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2548), SKPTTGNNNSDYSWPG (SEQ ID NO: 43 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2549), STQKNENNNSNYSWPG (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2550), HKDDEGKF (SEQ ID NO: 45 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2551), HKDDNRKF (SEQ ID NO: 46 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2552), HKDDTNKF (SEQ ID NO: 47 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2553), HEDSDKNF (SEQ ID NO: 48 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2554), HRDGADSF (SEQ ID NO: 49 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2555), HGDNKSRF (SEQ ID NO: 50 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2556), KQGSEKTNVDFEEV (SEQ ID NO: 51 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2557), KQGSEKTNVDSEEV (SEQ ID NO: 52 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2558), KQGSEKTNVDVEEV (SEQ ID NO: 53 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2559), KQGSDKTNVDDAGV (SEQ ID NO: 54 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2560), KQGSSKTNVDPREV (SEQ ID NO: 55 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2561), KQGSRKTNVDHKQV (SEQ ID NO: 56 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2562), KQGSKGGNVDTNRV (SEQ ID NO: 57 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2563), KQGSGEANVDNGDV (SEQ ID NO: 58 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2564), KQDAAADNIDYDHV (SEQ ID NO: 59 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2565), KQSGTRSNAAASSV (SEQ ID NO: 60 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2566), KENTNTNDTELTNV (SEQ ID NO: 61 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2567), QRGNNVAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 62 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2568), QRGNNEAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 63 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2569), QRGNNPAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 64 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2570), QRGNNHAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 65 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2571), QEENNIAATPGVNT (SEQ ID NO: 66 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2572), QPPNNMAATHEVNT (SEQ ID NO: 67 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2573), QHHNNSAATTIVNT (SEQ ID NO: 68 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2574), QTTNNRAAFNMVET (SEQ ID NO: 69 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2575), QKKNNNAASKKVAT (SEQ ID NO: 70 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2576), QGGNNKAADDAVKT (SEQ ID NO: 71 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2577), QAAKGGAADDAVKT (SEQ ID NO: 72 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2578), QDDRAAAANESVDT (SEQ ID NO: 73 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2579), QQQHDDAAYQRVHT (SEQ ID NO: 74 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2580), QSSSSLAAVSTVQT (SEQ ID NO: 75 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2581), QNNQTTAAIRNVTT (SEQ ID NO: 76 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2582), NYNKKSDNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 77 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2583), NYNKKSENVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 78 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2584), NYNKKSLNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 79 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2585), NYNKKSPNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 80 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2586), NYSKKSHCVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 81 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2587), NYRKTIYVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 82 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2588), NYKEKKDVHFT (SEQ ID NO: 83 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2589), NYGHRAIVQFT (SEQ ID NO: 84 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2590), NYANHQFVVCT (SEQ ID NO: 85 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2591), NYDDDPTGVLLT (SEQ ID NO: 86 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2592), NYDDPTGVLLT (SEQ ID NO: 87 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2593), NFEQQNSVEWT (SEQ ID NO: 88 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2594), SQSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 89 and SEQ ID NO: 241 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2595), NNGSQA (SEQ ID NO: 90 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2596), YYLSRTNTPSGTTTWSRLQFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 91 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2597), SKTSADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 92 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2598), HKDDEEKF (SEQ ID NO: 93, 209, 214, 219, 224, 234, 239, and 244 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2599), KQGSEKTNVDIEEV (SEQ ID NO: 94 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2600), QRGNNQAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 95 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2601), NYNKKSVNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 96 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2602), SQSGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTSADNNNSEYSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 106 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2603), SASGASNFNSEGGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 107 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2604), SQSGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 108 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2605), SASGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTSADNNNSEFSWPGATTYH (SEQ ID NO: 109 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2606), SQSGASNFNSEGGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 110 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2607), SASGASNYNTPSGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 111 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2608), SQSGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTSADNNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 112 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2609), SGAGASNFNSEGGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 113 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2610), SGAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 176 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2611), NSEGGSLTQSSLGFS (SEQ ID NO: 177, 185, 193 and 202 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2612), TDGENNNSDFS (SEQ ID NO: 178 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2613), SEFSWPGATT (SEQ ID NO: 179 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2614), TSADNNNSDFSWT (SEQ ID NO: 180 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2615), SQSGASNY (SEQ ID NO: 181, 187, and 198 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2616), NTPSGTTTQSRLQFS (SEQ ID NO: 182, 188, 191, and 199 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2617), TSADNNNSEYSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 183 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2618), SASGASNF (SEQ ID NO: 184 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2619), TDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 186, 189, 194, 197, and 203 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2620), SASGASNY (SEQ ID NO: 190 and SEQ ID NO: 195 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2621), TSADNNNSEFSWPGATTYH (SEQ ID NO: 192 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2622), NTPSGSLTQSSLGFS (SEQ ID NO: 196 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2623), TSADNNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 200 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2624), SGAGASNF (SEQ ID NO: 201 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2625), CTCCAGVVSVVSMRSRVCVNSGCAGCTDHCVVSRNSGTCVMSACACAA (SEQ ID NO: 204 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2626), CTCCAGAGAGGCAACAGACAAGCAGCTACCGCAGATGTCAACACACAA (SEQ ID NO: 205 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2627), SAAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 206 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2628), YFLSRTNTESGSTTQSTLRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 207 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2629), SKTSADNNNSDFS (SEQ ID NO: 208, 228, and 253 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2630), KQGSEKTDVDIDKV (SEQ ID NO: 210 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2631), STAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 211 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2632), YFLSRTNTTSGIETQSTLRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 212 and SEQ ID NO: 247 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2633), SKTDGENNNSDFS (SEQ ID NO: 213 and SEQ ID NO: 248 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2634), KQGAAADDVEIDGV (SEQ ID NO: 215 and SEQ ID NO: 250 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2635), SEAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 216 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2636), YYLSRTNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 217, 232 and 242 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2637), SKTSADNNNSEYS (SEQ ID NO: 218, 233, 238, and 243 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2638), KQGSEKTNVDIEKV (SEQ ID NO: 220, 225 and 245 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2639), YFLSRTNDASGSDTKSTLLFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 222 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2640), STTPSENNNSEYS (SEQ ID NO: 223 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2641), SAAGATN (SEQ ID NO: 226 and SEQ ID NO: 251 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2642), YFLSRTNGEAGSATLSELRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 227 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2643), HGDDADRF (SEQ ID NO: 229 and SEQ ID NO: 254 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2644), KQGAEKSDVEVDRV (SEQ ID NO: 230 and SEQ ID NO: 255 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2645), KQDSGGDNIDIDQV (SEQ ID NO: 235 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2646), SDAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 236 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2647), YFLSRTNTEGGHDTQSTLRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 237 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2648), KEDGGGSDVAIDEV (SEQ ID NO: 240 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2649), SNAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 246 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2650), and YFLSRTNGEAGSATLSELRFSQPG (SEQ ID NO: 252 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2651). Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid mutated sites include the following, AGCVVMDCAGGARSCASCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 97 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2652), AACRACRRSMRSMAGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 98 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2653), CACRRGGACRRCRMSRRSARSTTT (SEQ ID NO: 99 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2654), TATTTCTTGAGCAGAACAAACRVCVVSRSCGGAMNCVHSACGMHSTCAVVSCTTVDS TTTTCTCAGSBCRGSGCG (SEQ ID NO: 100 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2655), TCAAMAMMAVNSRVCSRSAACAACAACAGTRASTTCTCGTGGMMAGGA (SEQ ID NO: 101 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2656), AAGSAARRCRSCRVSRVARVCRATRYCGMSNHCRVMVRSGTC (SEQ ID NO: 102 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2657), CAGVVSVVSMRSRVCVNSGCAGCTDHCVVSRNSGTCVMSACA (SEQ ID NO: 103 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2658), AACTWCRVSVASMVSVHSDDTGTGSWSTKSACT (SEQ ID NO: 104 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2659), TTGTTGAACATCACCACGTGACGCACGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 256 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2660), TCCCCGTGGTTCTACTACATAATGTGGCCG (SEQ ID NO: 257 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2661), TTCCACACTCCGTTTTGGATAATGTTGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 258 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2662), AGGGACATCCCCAGCTCCATGCTGTGGTCG (SEQ ID NO: 259 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2663), AGGGACAACCCCTCCGACTCGCCCTAATCC (SEQ ID NO: 260 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2664), TCCTAGTAGAAGACACCCTCTCACTGCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 261 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2665), AGTACCATGTACACCCACTCTCCCAGTGCC (SEQ ID NO: 262 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2666), ATATGGACGTTCATGCTGATCACCATACCG (SEQ ID NO: 263 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2667), AGCAGGAGCTCCTTGGCCTCAGCGTGCGAG (SEQ ID NO: 264 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2668), ACAAGCAGCTTCACTATGACAACCACTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 265 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2669), CAGCCTAGGAACTGGCTTCCTGGACCCTGTTACCGCCAGCAGAGAGTCTCAAMAMM AVNSRVCSRSAACAACAACAGTRASTTCTCCTGGMMAGGAGCTACCAAGTACCACC TCAATGGCAGAGACTCTCTGGTGAATCCCGGACCAGCTATGGCAAGCCACRRGGAC RRCRMSRRSARSTTTTTTCCTCAGAGCGGGGTTCTCATCTTTGGGAAGSAARRCRSCR VSRVARVCRATRYCGMSNHCRVMVRSGTCATGATTACAGACGAAGAGGAGATCTGG AC (SEQ ID NO: 266 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2670), TGGGACAATGGCGGTCGTCTCTCAGAGTTKTKKT (SEQ ID NO: 267 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2671), AGAGGACCKKTCCTCGATGGTTCATGGTGGAGTTA (SEQ ID NO: 268 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2672), CCACTTAGGGCCTGGTCGATACCGTTCGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 269 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2673), and TCTCGCCCCAAGAGTAGAAACCCTTCSTTYYG (SEQ ID NO: 270 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2674).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may comprise an ocular cell targeting peptide as described in International Patent Publication WO2016134375, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to SEQ ID NO: 9, and SEQ ID NO:10 of WO2016134375. Further, any of the ocular cell targeting peptides or amino acids described in WO2016134375, may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO:8 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2675), or AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2676). In some embodiments, modifications, such as insertions are made in AAV2 proteins at P34-A35, T138-A139, A139-P140, G453-T454, N587-R588, and/or R588-Q589. In certain embodiments, insertions are made at D384, G385, 1560, T561, N562, E563, E564, E565, N704, and/or Y705 of AAV9. The ocular cell targeting peptide may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, GSTPPPM (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2677), or GETRAPL (SEQ ID NO: 4 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2678).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be modified as described in the United States Publication US 20170145405 the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. AAV serotypes may include, modified AAV2 (e.g., modifications at Y444F, Y500F, Y730F and/or S662V), modified AAV3 (e.g., modifications at Y705F, Y731F and/or T492V), and modified AAV6 (e.g., modifications at S663V and/or T492V).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be modified as described in the International Publication WO2017083722 the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. AAV serotypes may include, AAV1 (Y705+731F+T492V), AAV2 (Y444+500+730F+T491V), AAV3 (Y705+731F), AAV5, AAV 5 (Y436+693+719F), AAV6 (VP3 variant Y705F/Y731F/T492V), AAV8 (Y733F), AAV9, AAV9 (VP3 variant Y731F), and AAV10 (Y733F).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may comprise, as described in International Patent Publication WO2017015102, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, an engineered epitope comprising the amino acids SPAKFA (SEQ ID NO: 24 of WO2017015102; herein SEQ ID NO: 2679) or NKDKLN (SEQ ID NO:2 of WO2017015102; herein SEQ ID NO: 2680). The epitope may be inserted in the region of amino acids 665 to 670 based on the numbering of the VP1 capsid of AAV8 (SEQ ID NO:3 of WO2017015102) and/or residues 664 to 668 of AAV3B (SEQ ID NO:3).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2017058892, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV variants with capsid proteins that may comprise a substitution at one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7) of amino acid residues 262-268, 370-379, 451-459, 472-473, 493-500, 528-534, 547-552, 588-597, 709-710, 716-722 of AAV1, in any combination, or the equivalent amino acid residues in AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAVrh32.33, bovine AAV or avian AAV. The amino acid substitution may be, but is not limited to, any of the amino acid sequences described in WO2017058892. In one embodiment, the AAV may comprise an amino acid substitution at residues 256L, 258K, 259Q, 261S, 263A, 264S, 265T, 266G, 272H, 385S, 386Q, S472R, V473D, N500E 547S, 709A, 710N, 716D, 717N, 718N, 720L, A456T, Q457T, N458Q, K459S, T492S, K493A, S586R, S587G, S588N, T589R and/or 722T of AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2017058892) in any combination, 244N, 246Q, 248R, 249E, 2501, 251K, 252S, 253G, 254S, 255V, 256D, 263Y, 377E, 378N, 453L, 456R, 532Q, 533P, 535N, 536P, 537G, 538T, 539T, 540A, 541T, 542Y, 543L, 546N, 653V, 654P, 656S, 697Q, 698F, 704D, 705S, 706T, 707G, 708E, 709Y and/or 710R of AAV5 (SEQ ID NO:5 of WO2017058892) in any combination, 248R, 316V, 317Q, 318D, 319S, 443N, 530N, 5315, 532Q 533P, 534A, 535N, 540A, 541 T, 542Y, 543L, 545G, 546N, 697Q, 704D, 706T, 708E, 709Y and/or 710R of AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of WO2017058892) in any combination, 264S, 266G, 269N, 272H, 457Q, 588S and/or 589I of AAV6 (SEQ ID NO:6 WO2017058892) in any combination, 457T, 459N, 496G, 499N, 500N, 589Q, 590N and/or 592A of AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 8 WO2017058892) in any combination, 451I, 452N, 453G, 454S, 455G, 456Q, 457N and/or 458Q of AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 9 WO2017058892) in any combination.

In some embodiments, the AAV may include a sequence of amino acids at positions 155, 156 and 157 of VP1 or at positions 17, 18, 19 and 20 of VP2, as described in International Publication No. WO 2017066764, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The sequences of amino acid may be, but not limited to, N-S-S, S-X-S, S-S-Y, N-X-S, N-S-Y, S-X-Y and N-X-Y, where N, X and Y are, but not limited to, independently non-serine, or non-threonine amino acids, wherein the AAV may be, but not limited to AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11 and AAV12. In some embodiments, the AAV may include a deletion of at least one amino acid at positions 156, 157 or 158 of VP1 or at positions 19, 20 or 21 of VP2, wherein the AAV may be, but not limited to AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11 and AAV12.

In one embodiment, peptides for inclusion in an AAV serotype may be identified using the methods described by Hui et al. (Molecular Therapy—Methods & Clinical Development (2015) 2, 15029 doi:10.1038/mtm.2015.29; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). As a non-limiting example, the procedure includes isolating human splenocytes, restimulating the splenocytes in vitro using individual peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of the AAV capsid protein, IFN-gamma ELISpot with the individual peptides used for the in vitro restimulation, bioinformatics analysis to determine the HLA restriction of 15-mers identified by IFN-gamma ELISpot, identification of candidate reactive 9-mer epitopes for a given HLA allele, synthesis candidate 9-mers, second IFN-gamma ELISpot screening of splenocytes from subjects carrying the HLA alleles to which identified AAV epitopes are predicted to bind, determine the AAV capsid-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes and determine the frequency of subjects reacting to a given AAV epitope.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype generated by Cre-recombination-based AAV targeted evolution (CREATE) as described by Deverman et al., (Nature Biotechnology 34(2):204-209 (2016)), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, AAV serotypes generated in this manner have improved CNS transduction and/or neuronal and astrocytic tropism, as compared to other AAV serotypes. As non-limiting examples, the AAV serotype may be PHP.B, PHP.B2, PHP.B3, PHP.A, G2A12, G2A15. In one embodiment, these AAV serotypes may be AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 126 and 127) derivatives with a 7-amino acid insert between amino acids 588-589. Non-limiting examples of these 7-amino acid inserts include TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 873), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 1249), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 882), YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 888), QAVRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 914) and/or LAKERLS (SEQ ID NO: 915).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be as described in Jackson et al (Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 9:154 (2016)), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the AAV serotype is PHP.B or AAV9. In some embodiments, the AAV serotype is paired with a synapsin promoter to enhance neuronal transduction, as compared to when more ubiquitous promoters are used (i.e., CBA or CMV).

In one embodiment, peptides for inclusion in an AAV serotype may be identified by isolating human splenocytes, restimulating the splenocytes in vitro using individual peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of the AAV capsid protein, IFN-gamma ELISpot with the individual peptides used for the in vitro restimulation, bioinformatics analysis to determine the given allele restriction of 15-mers identified by IFN-gamma ELISpot, identification of candidate reactive 9-mer epitopes for a given allele, synthesis candidate 9-mers, second IFN-gamma ELISpot screening of splenocytes from subjects carrying the specific alleles to which identified AAV epitopes are predicted to bind, determine the AAV capsid-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes and determine the frequency of subjects reacting to a given AAV epitope.

AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide encoding the siRNA molecules may be prepared or derived from various serotypes of AAVs, including, but not limited to, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.47, AAV9(hu14), AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ8 and AAV-DJ. In some cases, different serotypes of AAVs may be mixed together or with other types of viruses to produce chimeric AAV particles. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle is derived from the AAV9 serotype.

Viral Genome

In one embodiment, as shown in an AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 1. The payload region 110 is located within the viral genome 100. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Between the 5′ ITR 120 and the payload region 110, there may be a promoter region 130. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 2. The payload region 110 is located within the viral genome 100. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Between the 5′ ITR 120 and the payload region 110, there may be a promoter region 130. Between the promoter region 130 and the payload region 110, there may be an intron region 140. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 3. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, an intron region 140, and a payload region 110. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 4. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, an intron region 140, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 5. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one MCS region 170, an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, an intron region 140, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 6. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one MCS region 170, an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, at least one exon region 180, at least one intron region 140, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one promoter region 130, and a payload region 110. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 9. Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one promoter region 130, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

Viral Genome Size

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be single stranded or double stranded viral genome. The size of the viral genome may be small, medium, large or the maximum size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a small single stranded viral genome. A small single stranded viral genome may be 2.7 to 3.5 kb in size such as about 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the small single stranded viral genome may be 3.2 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a small double stranded viral genome. A small double stranded viral genome may be 1.3 to 1.7 kb in size such as about 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the small double stranded viral genome may be 1.6 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may a medium single stranded viral genome. A medium single stranded viral genome may be 3.6 to 4.3 kb in size such as about 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the medium single stranded viral genome may be 4.0 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a medium double stranded viral genome. A medium double stranded viral genome may be 1.8 to 2.1 kb in size such as about 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, and 2.1 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the medium double stranded viral genome may be 2.0 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a large single stranded viral genome. A large single stranded viral genome may be 4.4 to 6.0 kb in size such as about 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 6.0 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the large single stranded viral genome may be 4.7 kb in size. As another non-limiting example, the large single stranded viral genome may be 4.8 kb in size. As yet another non-limiting example, the large single stranded viral genome may be 6.0 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a large double stranded viral genome. A large double stranded viral genome may be 2.2 to 3.0 kb in size such as about 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 and 3.0 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the large double stranded viral genome may be 2.4 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

Viral Genome Component: Inverted Terminal Repeats (ITRs)

The AAV particles of the present invention comprise a viral genome with at least one ITR region and a payload region. In one embodiment the viral genome has two ITRs. These two ITRs flank the payload region at the 5′ and 3′ ends. The ITRs function as origins of replication comprising recognition sites for replication. ITRs comprise sequence regions which can be complementary and symmetrically arranged. ITRs incorporated into viral genomes of the invention may be comprised of naturally occurring polynucleotide sequences or recombinantly derived polynucleotide sequences.

The ITRs may be derived from the same serotype as the capsid, selected from any of the serotypes listed in Table 1, or a derivative thereof. The ITR may be of a different serotype from the capsid. In one embodiment the AAV particle has more than one ITR. In a non-limiting example, the AAV particle has a viral genome comprising two ITRs. In one embodiment the ITRs are of the same serotype as one another. In another embodiment the ITRs are of different serotypes. Non-limiting examples include zero, one or both of the ITRs having the same serotype as the capsid. In one embodiment both ITRs of the viral genome of the AAV particle are AAV2 ITRs.

Independently, each ITR may be about 100 to about 150 nucleotides in length. An ITR may be about 100-105 nucleotides in length, 106-110 nucleotides in length, 111-115 nucleotides in length, 116-120 nucleotides in length, 121-125 nucleotides in length, 126-130 nucleotides in length, 131-135 nucleotides in length, 136-140 nucleotides in length, 141-145 nucleotides in length or 146-150 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment the ITRs are 140-142 nucleotides in length. Non limiting examples of ITR length are 102, 140, 141, 142, 145 nucleotides in length, and those having at least 95% identity thereto.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule which may be located near the 5′ end of the flip ITR in an expression vector. In another embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located near the 3′ end of the flip ITR in an expression vector. In yet another embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located near the 5′ end of the flop ITR in an expression vector. In yet another embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located near the 3′ end of the flop ITR in an expression vector. In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located between the 5′ end of the flip ITR and the 3′ end of the flop ITR in an expression vector. In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located between (e.g., half-way between the 5′ end of the flip ITR and 3′ end of the flop ITR or the 3′ end of the flop ITR and the 5′ end of the flip ITR), the 3′ end of the flip ITR and the 5′ end of the flip ITR in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides downstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides upstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 nucleotides downstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 upstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within the first 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more than 25% of the nucleotides upstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located with the first 1-5%, 1-10%, 1-15%, 1-20%, 1-25%, 5-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-15%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 15-20%, 15-25%, or 20-25% downstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector.

Viral Genome Component: Promoters

In one embodiment, the payload region of the viral genome comprises at least one element to enhance the transgene target specificity and expression (See e.g., Powell et al. Viral Expression Cassette Elements to Enhance Transgene Target Specificity and Expression in Gene Therapy, 2015; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Non-limiting examples of elements to enhance the transgene target specificity and expression include promoters, endogenous miRNAs, post-transcriptional regulatory elements (PREs), polyadenylation (PolyA) signal sequences and upstream enhancers (USEs), CMV enhancers and introns.

A person skilled in the art may recognize that expression of the polypeptides of the invention in a target cell may require a specific promoter, including but not limited to, a promoter that is species specific, inducible, tissue-specific, or cell cycle-specific (Parr et al., Nat. Med. 3:1145-9 (1997); the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety).

In one embodiment, the promoter is deemed to be efficient when it drives expression of the polypeptide(s) encoded in the payload region of the viral genome of the AAV particle.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a promoter deemed to be efficient to drive the expression of the modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a promoter deemed to be efficient when it drives expression in the cell being targeted.

In one embodiment, the promoter drives expression of the payload for a period of time in targeted tissues. Expression driven by a promoter may be for a period of 1 hour, 2, hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 22 days, 23 days, 24 days, 25 days, 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 31 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, 18 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months, 22 months, 23 months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years or more than 10 years. Expression may be for 1-5 hours, 1-12 hours, 1-2 days, 1-5 days, 1-2 weeks, 1-3 weeks, 1-4 weeks, 1-2 months, 1-4 months, 1-6 months, 2-6 months, 3-6 months, 3-9 months, 4-8 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 1-5 years, 2-5 years, 3-6 years, 3-8 years, 4-8 years or 5-10 years.

In one embodiment, the promoter drives expression of the payload for at least 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, 20 years, 21 years, 22 years, 23 years, 24 years, 25 years, 26 years, 27 years, 28 years, 29 years, 30 years, 31 years, 32 years, 33 years, 34 years, 35 years, 36 years, 37 years, 38 years, 39 years, 40 years, 41 years, 42 years, 43 years, 44 years, 45 years, 46 years, 47 years, 48 years, 49 years, 50 years, 55 years, 60 years, 65 years, or more than 65 years.

Promoters may be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. Non-limiting examples of promoters include viral promoters, plant promoters and mammalian promoters. In some embodiments, the promoters may be human promoters. In some embodiments, the promoter may be truncated.

Promoters which drive or promote expression in most tissues include, but are not limited to, human elongation factor 1α-subunit (EF1α), cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and/or promoter, chicken β-actin (CBA) and its derivative CAG, β glucuronidase (GUSB), or ubiquitin C (UBC). Tissue-specific expression elements can be used to restrict expression to certain cell types such as, but not limited to, muscle specific promoters, B cell promoters, monocyte promoters, leukocyte promoters, macrophage promoters, pancreatic acinar cell promoters, endothelial cell promoters, lung tissue promoters, astrocyte promoters, or nervous system promoters which can be used to restrict expression to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes.

Non-limiting examples of muscle-specific promoters include mammalian muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, mammalian desmin (DES) promoter, mammalian troponin I (TNNI2) promoter, and mammalian skeletal alpha-actin (ASKA) promoter (see, e.g. U.S. Patent Publication US 20110212529, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety)

Non-limiting examples of tissue-specific expression elements for neurons include neuron-specific enolase (NSE), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-β), synapsin (Syn), methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), neurofilament light (NFL) or heavy (NFH), β-globin minigene nβ2, preproenkephalin (PPE), enkephalin (Enk) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoters. Non-limiting examples of tissue-specific expression elements for astrocytes include glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and EAAT2 promoters. A non-limiting example of a tissue-specific expression element for oligodendrocytes includes the myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter may be less than 1 kb. The promoter may have a length of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800 or more than 800 nucleotides. The promoter may have a length between 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700, 200-800, 300-400, 300-500, 300-600, 300-700, 300-800, 400-500, 400-600, 400-700, 400-800, 500-600, 500-700, 500-800, 600-700, 600-800 or 700-800.

In one embodiment, the promoter may be a combination of two or more components of the same or different starting or parental promoters such as, but not limited to, CMV and CBA. Each component may have a length of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800 or more than 800. Each component may have a length between 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700, 200-800, 300-400, 300-500, 300-600, 300-700, 300-800, 400-500, 400-600, 400-700, 400-800, 500-600, 500-700, 500-800, 600-700, 600-800 or 700-800. In one embodiment, the promoter is a combination of a 382 nucleotide CMV-enhancer sequence and a 260 nucleotide CBA-promoter sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a ubiquitous promoter. Non-limiting examples of ubiquitous promoters include CMV, CBA (including derivatives CAG, CBh, etc.), EF-1α, PGK, UBC, GUSB (hGBp), and UCOE (promoter of HNRPA2B1-CBX3).

Yu et al. (Molecular Pain 2011, 7:63; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) evaluated the expression of eGFP under the CAG, EFIα, PGK and UBC promoters in rat DRG cells and primary DRG cells using lentiviral vectors and found that UBC showed weaker expression than the other 3 promoters and only 10-12% glial expression was seen for all promoters. Soderblom et al. (E. Neuro 2015; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated the expression of eGFP in AAV8 with CMV and UBC promoters and AAV2 with the CMV promoter after injection in the motor cortex. Intranasal administration of a plasmid containing a UBC or EFIα promoter showed a sustained airway expression greater than the expression with the CMV promoter (See e.g., Gill et al., Gene Therapy 2001, Vol. 8, 1539-1546; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Husain et al. (Gene Therapy 2009; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated an HβH construct with a hGUSB promoter, a HSV-1LAT promoter and an NSE promoter and found that the HβH construct showed weaker expression than NSE in mouse brain. Passini and Wolfe (J. Virol. 2001, 12382-12392, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated the long term effects of the HβH vector following an intraventricular injection in neonatal mice and found that there was sustained expression for at least 1 year. Low expression in all brain regions was found by Xu et al. (Gene Therapy 2001, 8, 1323-1332; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) when NFL and NFH promoters were used as compared to the CMV-lacZ, CMV-luc, EF, GFAP, hENK, nAChR, PPE, PPE+wpre, NSE (0.3 kb), NSE (1.8 kb) and NSE (1.8 kb+wpre). Xu et al. found that the promoter activity in descending order was NSE (1.8 kb), EF, NSE (0.3 kb), GFAP, CMV, hENK, PPE, NFL and NFH. NFL is a 650 nucleotide promoter and NFH is a 920 nucleotide promoter which are both absent in the liver but NFH is abundant in the sensory proprioceptive neurons, brain and spinal cord and NFH is present in the heart. Scn8a is a 470 nucleotide promoter which expresses throughout the DRG, spinal cord and brain with particularly high expression seen in the hippocampal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus (See e.g., Drews et al. Identification of evolutionary conserved, functional noncoding elements in the promoter region of the sodium channel gene SCN8A, Mamm Genome (2007) 18:723-731; and Raymond et al. Expression of Alternatively Spliced Sodium Channel α-subunit genes, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2004) 279(44) 46234-46241; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties).

Any of promoters taught by the aforementioned Yu, Soderblom, Gill, Husain, Passini, Xu, Drews or Raymond may be used in the present inventions.

In one embodiment, the promoter is not cell specific.

In one embodiment, the promoter is an ubiquitin c (UBC) promoter. The UBC promoter may have a size of 300-350 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the UBC promoter is 332 nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a β-glucuronidase (GUSB) promoter. The GUSB promoter may have a size of 350-400 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the GUSB promoter is 378 nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a neurofilament light (NFL) promoter. The NFL promoter may have a size of 600-700 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the NFL promoter is 650 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the construct may be AAV-promoter-CMV/globin intron-modulatory polynucleotide-RBG, where the AAV may be self-complementary and the AAV may be the DJ serotype.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a neurofilament heavy (NFH) promoter. The NFH promoter may have a size of 900-950 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the NFH promoter is 920 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the construct may be AAV-promoter-CMV/globin intron-modulatory polynucleotide-RBG, where the AAV may be self-complementary and the AAV may be the DJ serotype.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a scn8a promoter. The scn8a promoter may have a size of 450-500 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the scn8a promoter is 470 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the construct may be AAV-promoter-CMV/globin intron-modulatory polynucleotide-RBG, where the AAV may be self-complementary and the AAV may be the DJ serotype

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a Pol III promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a P1 promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a FXN promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a CAG promoter which is a construct comprising the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer fused to the chicken beta-actin (CBA) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a Pol III promoter, for example, a Pol III type 3 promoter.

In one embodiment, comprises an U3, U6, U7, 7SK, H1, or MRP, EBER, seleno-cysteine tRNA, 7SL, adenovirus VA-1, or telomerase gene promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an H1 promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a liver or a skeletal muscle promoter. Non-limiting examples of liver promoters include human α-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). Non-limiting examples of skeletal muscle promoters include Desmin, MCK or synthetic C5-12.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a RNA pol III promoter. As a non-limiting example, the RNA pol III promoter is U6. As a non-limiting example, the RNA pol III promoter is H1.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a RNA Pol II promoter, including, for example, a truncated RNA Pol II promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises two promoters. As a non-limiting example, the promoters are an EF1α promoter and a CMV promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an enhancer element, a promoter and/or a 5′UTR intron. The enhancer element, also referred to herein as an “enhancer,” may be, but is not limited to, a CMV enhancer, the promoter may be, but is not limited to, a CMV, CBA, UBC, GUSB, NSE, Synapsin, MeCP2, and GFAP promoter and the 5′UTR/intron may be, but is not limited to, SV40, and CBA-MVM. As a non-limiting example, the enhancer, promoter and/or intron used in combination may be: (1) CMV enhancer, CMV promoter, SV40 5′UTR intron; (2) CMV enhancer, CBA promoter, SV 40 5′UTR intron; (3) CMV enhancer, CBA promoter, CBA-MVM 5′UTR intron; (4) UBC promoter; (5) GUSB promoter; (6) NSE promoter; (7) Synapsin promoter; (8) MeCP2 promoter, (9) GFAP promoter, (10) H1 promoter; and (11) U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an engineered promoter.

In another embodiment the viral genome comprises a promoter from a naturally expressed protein.

Viral Genome Component: Untranslated Regions (UTRs)

By definition, wild type untranslated regions (UTRs) of a gene are transcribed but not translated. Generally, the 5′ UTR starts at the transcription start site and ends at the start codon and the 3′ UTR starts immediately following the stop codon and continues until the termination signal for transcription.

Features typically found in abundantly expressed genes of specific target organs may be engineered into UTRs to enhance the stability and protein production. As a non-limiting example, a 5′ UTR from mRNA normally expressed in the liver (e.g., albumin, serum amyloid A, Apolipoprotein A/B/E, transferrin, alpha fetoprotein, erythropoietin, or Factor VIII) may be used in the viral genomes of the AAV particles of the invention to enhance expression in hepatic cell lines or liver.

While not wishing to be bound by theory, wild-type 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) include features which play roles in translation initiation. Kozak sequences, which are commonly known to be involved in the process by which the ribosome initiates translation of many genes, are usually included in 5′ UTRs. Kozak sequences have the consensus CCR(A/G)CCAUGG, where R is a purine (adenine or guanine) three bases upstream of the start codon (ATG), which is followed by another ‘G’.

In one embodiment, the 5′UTR in the viral genome includes a Kozak sequence.

In one embodiment, the 5′UTR in the viral genome does not include a Kozak sequence.

While not wishing to be bound by theory, wild-type 3′ UTRs are known to have stretches of Adenosines and Uridines embedded therein. These AU rich signatures are particularly prevalent in genes with high rates of turnover. Based on their sequence features and functional properties, the AU rich elements (AREs) can be separated into three classes (Chen et al, 1995, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety): Class I AREs, such as, but not limited to, c-Myc and MyoD, contain several dispersed copies of an AUUUA motif within U-rich regions. Class II AREs, such as, but not limited to, GM-CSF and TNF-α, possess two or more overlapping UUAUUUA(U/A)(U/A) nonamers. Class III ARES, such as, but not limited to, c-Jun and Myogenin, are less well defined. These U rich regions do not contain an AUUUA motif. Most proteins binding to the AREs are known to destabilize the messenger, whereas members of the ELAV family, most notably HuR, have been documented to increase the stability of mRNA. HuR binds to AREs of all the three classes. Engineering the HuR specific binding sites into the 3′ UTR of nucleic acid molecules will lead to HuR binding and thus, stabilization of the message in vivo.

Introduction, removal or modification of 3′ UTR AU rich elements (AREs) can be used to modulate the stability of polynucleotides. When engineering specific polynucleotides, e.g., payload regions of viral genomes, one or more copies of an ARE can be introduced to make polynucleotides less stable and thereby curtail translation and decrease production of the resultant protein. Likewise, AREs can be identified and removed or mutated to increase the intracellular stability and thus increase translation and production of the resultant protein.

In one embodiment, the 3′ UTR of the viral genome may include an oligo(dT) sequence for templated addition of a poly-A tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may include at least one miRNA seed, binding site or full sequence. microRNAs (or miRNA or miR) are 19-25 nucleotide noncoding RNAs that bind to the sites of nucleic acid targets and down-regulate gene expression either by reducing nucleic acid molecule stability or by inhibiting translation. A microRNA sequence comprises a “seed” region, i.e., a sequence in the region of positions 2-8 of the mature microRNA, which sequence has perfect Watson-Crick complementarity to the miRNA target sequence of the nucleic acid.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may be engineered to include, alter or remove at least one miRNA binding site, sequence or seed region.

Any UTR from any gene known in the art may be incorporated into the viral genome of the AAV particle. These UTRs, or portions thereof, may be placed in the same orientation as in the gene from which they were selected or they may be altered in orientation or location. In one embodiment, the UTR used in the viral genome of the AAV particle may be inverted, shortened, lengthened, made with one or more other 5′ UTRs or 3′ UTRs known in the art. As used herein, the term “altered” as it relates to a UTR, means that the UTR has been changed in some way in relation to a reference sequence. For example, a 3′ or 5′ UTR may be altered relative to a wild type or native UTR by the change in orientation or location as taught above or may be altered by the inclusion of additional nucleotides, deletion of nucleotides, swapping or transposition of nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particle comprises at least one artificial UTRs which is not a variant of a wild type UTR.

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particle comprises UTRs which have been selected from a family of transcripts whose proteins share a common function, structure, feature or property.

Viral Genome Component: Polyadenylation Sequence

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles of the present invention comprise at least one polyadenylation sequence. The viral genome of the AAV particle may comprise a polyadenylation sequence between the 3′ end of the payload coding sequence and the 5′ end of the 3′ITR.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence or “polyA sequence” may range from absent to about 500 nucleotides in length. The polyadenylation sequence may be, but is not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, and 500 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. Further, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located downstream of a promoter such as, but not limited to, CMV, U6, CAG, CBA or a CBA promoter with a SV40 intron or a human betaglobin intron in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within the first 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more than 25% of the nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located with the first 1-5%, 1-10%, 1-15%, 1-20%, 1-25%, 5-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-15%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 15-20%, 15-25%, or 20-25% downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a rabbit globin polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a human growth hormone polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence.

Viral Genome Component: Introns

In one embodiment, the payload region comprises at least one element to enhance the expression such as one or more introns or portions thereof. Non-limiting examples of introns include, MVM (67-97 bps), F.IX truncated intron 1 (300 bps), β-globin SD/immunoglobulin heavy chain splice acceptor (250 bps), adenovirus splice donor/immunoglobin splice acceptor (500 bps), SV40 late splice donor/splice acceptor (19S/16S) (180 bps) and hybrid adenovirus splice donor/IgG splice acceptor (230 bps).

In one embodiment, the intron or intron portion may be 100-500 nucleotides in length. The intron may have a length of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490 or 500. The intron may have a length between 80-100, 80-120, 80-140, 80-160, 80-180, 80-200, 80-250, 80-300, 80-350, 80-400, 80-450, 80-500, 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 300-400, 300-500, or 400-500.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a promoter such as, but not limited to, CMV or U6. As a non-limiting example, the promoter for the AAV comprising the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention is a CMV promoter. As another non-limiting example, the promoter for the AAV comprising the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention is a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a CMV promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a CMV and a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a Pol III promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a Pol III type 3 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a H1 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a CBA promoter.

In one embodiment, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located downstream of a promoter in an expression vector such as, but not limited to, CMV, U6, H1, CBA, CAG, or a CBA promoter with an intron such as SV40 or others known in the art. Further, the encoded siRNA molecule may also be located upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located within the first 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more than 25% of the nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located with the first 1-5%, 1-10%, 1-15%, 1-20%, 1-25%, 5-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-15%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 15-20%, 15-25%, or 20-25% downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector.

Viral Genome Component: Filler Sequence

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one or more filler sequences.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one or more filler sequences in order to have the length of the viral genome be the optimal size for packaging. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 2.3 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 4.6 kb.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one or more filler sequences in order to reduce the likelihood that a hairpin structure of the vector genome (e.g., a modulatory polynucleotide described herein) may be read as an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) during expression and/or packaging. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 2.3 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 4.6 kb

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a single stranded (ss) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences which have a length about between 0.1 kb-3.8 kb, such as, but not limited to, 0.1 kb, 0.2 kb, 0.3 kb, 0.4 kb, 0.5 kb, 0.6 kb, 0.7 kb, 0.8 kb, 0.9 kb, 1 kb, 1.1 kb, 1.2 kb, 1.3 kb, 1.4 kb, 1.5 kb, 1.6 kb, 1.7 kb, 1.8 kb, 1.9 kb, 2 kb, 2.1 kb, 2.2 kb, 2.3 kb, 2.4 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.6 kb, 2.7 kb, 2.8 kb, 2.9 kb, 3 kb, 3.1 kb, 3.2 kb, 3.3 kb, 3.4 kb, 3.5 kb, 3.6 kb, 3.7 kb, or 3.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 3.1 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 2.7 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb.

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a self-complementary (sc) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences which have a length about between 0.1 kb-1.5 kb, such as, but not limited to, 0.1 kb, 0.2 kb, 0.3 kb, 0.4 kb, 0.5 kb, 0.6 kb, 0.7 kb, 0.8 kb, 0.9 kb, 1 kb, 1.1 kb, 1.2 kb, 1.3 kb, 1.4 kb, or 1.5 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises any portion of a filler sequence. The viral genome may comprise 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of a filler sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a single stranded (ss) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 4.6 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to the 3′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located between two intron sequences. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located within an intron sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 5′ to the 5′ ITR sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a self-complementary (sc) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 2.3 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to the 3′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located between two intron sequences. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located within an intron sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 5′ to the 5′ ITR sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may comprise one or more filler sequences between one of more regions of the viral genome. In one embodiment, the filler region may be located before a region such as, but not limited to, a payload region, an inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter region, an intron region, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, a multiple cloning site (MCS) region, and/or an exon region. In one embodiment, the filler region may be located after a region such as, but not limited to, a payload region, an inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter region, an intron region, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, a multiple cloning site (MCS) region, and/or an exon region. In one embodiment, the filler region may be located before and after a region such as, but not limited to, a payload region, an inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter region, an intron region, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, a multiple cloning site (MCS) region, and/or an exon region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may comprise one or more filler sequences which bifurcates at least one region of the viral genome. The bifurcated region of the viral genome may comprise 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the of the region to the 5′ of the filler sequence region. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 10% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 90% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 20% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 80% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 30% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 70% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 40% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 60% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 50% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 50% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 60% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 40% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 70% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 30% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 80% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 20% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 90% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 10% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the 5′ ITR.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the promoter region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the payload region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the intron region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the enhancer region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the MCS region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the exon region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the promoter region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the payload region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the intron region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the enhancer region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the MCS region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the exon region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the promoter region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the payload region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the intron region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the MCS region.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the exon region.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the payload region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the intron region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the intron region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the exon region.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the polyadenylation signal sequence region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the polyadenylation signal sequence region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the polyadenylation signal sequence region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the MCS region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the MCS region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the exon region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

Payloads of the Invention

The AAV particles of the present disclosure comprise at least one payload region. As used herein, “payload” or “payload region” refers to one or more polynucleotides or polynucleotide regions encoded by or within a viral genome or an expression product of such polynucleotide or polynucleotide region, e.g., a transgene, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide or a modulatory nucleic acid or regulatory nucleic acid. Payloads of the present invention typically encode modulatory polynucleotides or fragments or variants thereof.

The payload region may be constructed in such a way as to reflect a region similar to or mirroring the natural organization of an mRNA.

The payload region may comprise a combination of coding and non-coding nucleic acid sequences.

In some embodiments, the AAV payload region may encode a coding or non-coding RNA.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding a siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent. In such an embodiment, a viral genome encoding more than one polypeptide may be replicated and packaged into a viral particle. A target cell transduced with a viral particle may express the encoded siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent inside a single cell.

Modulatory Polynucleotides

In one embodiment, modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., RNA or DNA molecules, may be used to treat at least one neurodegenerative disease. As used herein, a “modulatory polynucleotide” is any nucleic acid sequence(s) which functions to modulate (either increase or decrease) the level or amount of a target gene, e.g., mRNA or protein levels.

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotides may comprise at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one siRNA molecule. The nucleic acids may, independently if there is more than one, encode 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more than 9 siRNA molecules.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be located downstream of a CMV promoter, fragment or variant thereof.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be located downstream of a CBA promoter, fragment or variant thereof.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be a natural pri-miRNA scaffold located downstream of a CMV promoter. As a non-limiting example, the natural pri-miRNA scaffold is derived from the human miR155 scaffold.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be a natural pri-miRNA scaffold located downstream of a CBA promoter.

In one embodiment, the selection of a molecular scaffold and modulatory polynucleotide is determined by a method of comparing modulatory polynucleotides in pri-miRNA (see e.g., the method described by Miniarikova et al. Design, Characterization, and Lead Selection of Therapeutic miRNAs Targeting Huntingtin for Development of Gene Therapy for Huntington's Disease. Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2016) 5, e297 and International Publication No. WO2016102664; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties). To evaluate the activities of the modulatory polynucleotides, the molecular scaffold used which may be used is a human pri-miRNA scaffold (e.g., miR155 scaffold) and the promoter may be CMV. The activity may be determined in vitro using HEK293T cells and a reporter (e.g., Luciferase).

In order to evaluate the optimal molecular scaffold for the modulatory polynucleotide, the modulatory polynucleotide is used in pri-miRNA scaffolds with a CAG promoter. The constructs are co-transfected with a reporter (e.g., luciferase reporter) at 50 ng. Constructs with greater than 80% knockdown at 50 ng co-transfection are considered efficient. In one aspect, the constructs with strong guide-strand activity are preferred. The molecular scaffolds can be processed in HEK293T cells by NGS to determine guide-passenger ratios, and processing variability.

In one embodiment, the disease to be treated is HD and the modulatory polynucleotide may, but it not limited to, targeting exon 1, CAG repeats, SNP rs362331 in exon 50 and/or SNP rs362307 in exon 67. For exon 1 targeting, the modulatory polynucleotide is determined to be efficient at HTT knockdown if the knockdown is 80% or greater. For CAG targeting, the modulatory polynucleotide is determined to be efficient at HTT knockdown if the knockdown is at least 60%. For SNP targeting, the modulatory polynucleotide is determined to be efficient at HTT knockdown if the knockdown is at least 60%. For allele selectivity for CAG repeats or SNP targeting the modulatory polynucleotides may comprise at least 1 substitution in order to improve allele selectivity. As a non-limiting example, substitution may be a G or C replaced with a T or corresponding U and A or T/U replaced by a C.

To evaluate the molecular scaffolds and modulatory polynucleotides in vivo the molecular scaffolds comprising the modulatory polynucleotides are packaged in AAV (e.g., the serotype may be AAV5 (see e.g., the method and constructs described in WO2015060722, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety)) and administered to an in vivo model (e.g., For HD, a Hu128/21 HD mouse may be used) and the guide-passenger ratios, 5′ and 3′ end processing, reversal of guide and passenger strands, and knockdown can be determined in different areas of the model.

In one embodiment, the selection of a molecular scaffold and modulatory polynucleotide is determined by a method of comparing modulatory polynucleotides in natural pri-miRNA and synthetic pri-miRNA. The modulatory polynucleotide may, but it not limited to, targeting an exon other than exon 1. To evaluate the activities of the modulatory polynucleotides, the molecular scaffold is used with a CBA promoter. In one aspect, the activity may be determined in vitro using HEK293T cells, HeLa cell and a reporter (e.g., Luciferase) and knockdown efficient modulatory polynucleotides showed the gene of interest knockdown of at least 80% in the cell tested. Additionally, the modulatory polynucleotides which are considered most efficient showed low to no significant passenger strand (p-strand) activity. In another aspect, the endogenous gene of interest knockdown efficacy is evaluated by transfection in vitro using HEK293T cells, HeLa cell and a reporter. Efficient modulatory polynucleotides show greater than 50% endogenous gene of interest knockdown. In yet another aspect, the endogenous gene of interest knockdown efficacy is evaluated in different cell types (e.g., HEK293, HeLa, primary astrocytes, U251 astrocytes, SH-SY5Y neuron cells and fibroblasts from subjects with the disease to be treated) by infection (e.g., AAV2). Efficient modulatory polynucleotides show greater than 60% endogenous gene of interest knockdown.

To evaluate the molecular scaffolds and modulatory polynucleotides in vivo the molecular scaffolds comprising the modulatory polynucleotides are packaged in AAV and administered to an in vivo model (e.g., For treating HD, a YAC128 HD mouse model may be used) and the guide-passenger ratios, 5′ and 3′ end processing, ratio of guide to passenger strands, and knockdown can be determined in different areas of the model (e.g., tissue regions). The molecular scaffolds can be processed from in vivo samples by NGS to determine guide-passenger ratios, and processing variability.

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotide is designed using at least one of the following properties: loop variant, seed mismatch/bulge/wobble variant, stem mismatch, loop variant and vassal stem mismatch variant, seed mismatch and basal stem mismatch variant, stem mismatch and basal stem mismatch variant, seed wobble and basal stem wobble variant, or a stem sequence variant.

siRNA Molecules

The present invention relates to RNA interference (RNAi) induced inhibition of gene expression for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Provided herein are siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA that target the gene of interest (referred to herein collectively as “siRNA molecules”). Such siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can reduce or silence gene expression in cells, such as but not limited to, medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes.

RNAi (also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), quelling, or co-suppression) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing process in which RNA molecules, in a sequence specific manner, inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. The active components of RNAi are short/small double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), that typically contain 15-30 nucleotides (e.g., 19 to 25, 19 to 24 or 19-21 nucleotides) and 2 nucleotide 3′ overhangs and that match the nucleic acid sequence of the target gene. These short RNA species may be naturally produced in vivo by Dicer-mediated cleavage of larger dsRNAs and they are functional in mammalian cells.

Naturally expressed small RNA molecules, named microRNAs (miRNAs), elicit gene silencing by regulating the expression of mRNAs. The miRNAs containing RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) targets mRNAs presenting a perfect sequence complementarity with nucleotides 2-7 in the 5′ region of the miRNA which is called the seed region, and other base pairs with its 3′ region. miRNA mediated down regulation of gene expression may be caused by cleavage of the target mRNAs, translational inhibition of the target mRNAs, or mRNA decay. miRNA targeting sequences are usually located in the 3′-UTR of the target mRNAs. A single miRNA may target more than 100 transcripts from various genes, and one mRNA may be targeted by different miRNAs.

siRNA duplexes or dsRNA targeting a specific mRNA may be designed and synthesized in vitro and introduced into cells for activating RNAi processes. Elbashir et al. demonstrated that 21-nucleotide siRNA duplexes (termed small interfering RNAs) were capable of effecting potent and specific gene knockdown without inducing immune response in mammalian cells (Elbashir S M et al., Nature, 2001, 411, 494-498). Since this initial report, post-transcriptional gene silencing by siRNAs quickly emerged as a powerful tool for genetic analysis in mammalian cells and has the potential to produce novel therapeutics.

RNAi molecules which were designed to target against a nucleic acid sequence that encodes poly-glutamine repeat proteins which cause poly-glutamine expansion diseases such as Huntington's Disease, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,169,483 and 9,181,544 and International Patent Publication No. WO2015179525, the content of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,169,483 and 9,181,544 and International Patent Publication No. WO2015179525 each provide isolated RNA duplexes comprising a first strand of RNA (e.g., 15 contiguous nucleotides) and second strand of RNA (e.g., complementary to at least 12 contiguous nucleotides of the first strand) where the RNA duplex is about 15 to 30 base pairs in length. The first strand of RNA and second strand of RNA may be operably linked by an RNA loop (˜4 to 50 nucleotides) to form a hairpin structure which may be inserted into an expression cassette. Non-limiting examples of loop portions include SEQ ID NO: 9-14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,483, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Non-limiting examples of strands of RNA which may be used, either full sequence or part of the sequence, to form RNA duplexes include SEQ ID NO: 1-8 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,483 and SEQ ID NO: 1-11, 33-59, 208-210, 213-215 and 218-221 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,181,544, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Non-limiting examples of RNAi molecules include SEQ ID NOs: 1-8 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,483, SEQ ID NOs: 1-11, 33-59, 208-210, 213-215 and 218-221 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,181,544 and SEQ ID NOs: 1, 6, 7, and 35-38 of International Patent Publication No. WO2015179525, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In vitro synthetized siRNA molecules may be introduced into cells in order to activate RNAi. An exogenous siRNA duplex, when it is introduced into cells, similar to the endogenous dsRNAs, can be assembled to form the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), a multiunit complex that interacts with RNA sequences that are complementary to one of the two strands of the siRNA duplex (i.e., the antisense strand). During the process, the sense strand (or passenger strand) of the siRNA is lost from the complex, while the antisense strand (or guide strand) of the siRNA is matched with its complementary RNA. In particular, the targets of siRNA containing RISC complexes are mRNAs presenting a perfect sequence complementarity. Then, siRNA mediated gene silencing occurs by cleaving, releasing and degrading the target.

The siRNA duplex comprised of a sense strand homologous to the target mRNA and an antisense strand that is complementary to the target mRNA offers much more advantage in terms of efficiency for target RNA destruction compared to the use of the single strand (ss)-siRNAs (e.g. antisense strand RNA or antisense oligonucleotides). In many cases, it requires higher concentration of the ss-siRNA to achieve the effective gene silencing potency of the corresponding duplex.

Any of the foregoing molecules may be encoded by a viral genome.

Design and Sequences of siRNA Duplexes Targeting Gene of Interest

The present invention provides small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes (and modulatory polynucleotides encoding them) that target mRNA to interfere with gene expression and/or protein production.

The encoded siRNA duplex of the present invention contains an antisense strand and a sense strand hybridized together forming a duplex structure, wherein the antisense strand is complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted gene, and wherein the sense strand is homologous to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted gene. In some aspects, the 5′ end of the antisense strand has a 5′ phosphate group and the 3′ end of the sense strand contains a 3′hydroxyl group. In other aspects, there are none, one or 2 nucleotide overhangs at the 3′end of each strand.

Some guidelines for designing siRNAs have been proposed in the art. These guidelines generally recommend generating a 19-nucleotide duplexed region, symmetric 2-3 nucleotide 3′ overhangs, 5′-phosphate and 3′-hydroxyl groups targeting a region in the gene to be silenced. Other rules that may govern siRNA sequence preference include, but are not limited to, (i) A/U at the 5′ end of the antisense strand; (ii) G/C at the 5′ end of the sense strand; (iii) at least five A/U residues in the 5′ terminal one-third of the antisense strand; and (iv) the absence of any GC stretch of more than 9 nucleotides in length. In accordance with such consideration, together with the specific sequence of a target gene, highly effective siRNA molecules essential for suppressing mammalian target gene expression may be readily designed.

According to the present invention, siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA) that target the gene of interest are designed. Such siRNA molecules can specifically, suppress gene expression and protein production. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock out” gene variants in cells, i.e., mutated transcripts. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock down” gene variants in cells. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules are able to inhibit or suppress both the wild type and mutated version of the gene of interest.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure. The antisense strand has sufficient complementarity to the target mRNA sequence to direct target-specific RNAi, i.e., the siRNA molecule has a sequence sufficient to trigger the destruction of the target mRNA by the RNAi machinery or process.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure and where the start site of the hybridization to the mRNA is between nucleotide 10 and 7000 on the mRNA sequence. As a non-limiting example, the start site may be between nucleotide 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-70, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, 950-1000, 1000-1050, 1050-1100, 1100-1150, 1150-1200, 1200-1250, 1250-1300, 1300-1350, 1350-1400, 1400-1450, 1450-1500, 1500-1550, 1550-1600, 1600-1650, 1650-1700, 1700-1750, 1750-1800, 1800-1850, 1850-1900, 1900-1950, 1950-2000, 2000-2050, 2050-2100, 2100-2150, 2150-2200, 2200-2250, 2250-2300, 2300-2350, 2350-2400, 2400-2450, 2450-2500, 2500-2550, 2550-2600, 2600-2650, 2650-2700, 2700-2750, 2750-2800, 2800-2850, 2850-2900, 2900-2950, 2950-3000, 3000-3050, 3050-3100, 3100-3150, 3150-3200, 3200-3250, 3250-3300, 3300-3350, 3350-3400, 3400-3450, 3450-3500, 3500-3550, 3550-3600, 3600-3650, 3650-3700, 3700-3750, 3750-3800, 3800-3850, 3850-3900, 3900-3950, 3950-4000, 4000-4050, 4050-4100, 4100-4150, 4150-4200, 4200-4250, 4250-4300, 4300-4350, 4350-4400, 4400-4450, 4450-4500, 4500-4550, 4550-4600, 4600-4650, 4650-4700, 4700-4750, 4750-4800, 4800-4850, 4850-4900, 4900-4950, 4950-5000, 5000-5050, 5050-5100, 5100-5150, 5150-5200, 5200-5250, 5250-5300, 5300-5350, 5350-5400, 5400-5450, 5450-5500, 5500-5550, 5550-5600, 5600-5650, 5650-5700, 5700-5750, 5750-5800, 5800-5850, 5850-5900, 5900-5950, 5950-6000, 6000-6050, 6050-6100, 6100-6150, 6150-6200, 6200-6250, 6250-6300, 6300-6350, 6350-6400, 6400-6450, 6450-6500, 6500-6550, 6550-6600, 6600-6650, 6650-6700, 6700-6750, 6750-6800, 6800-6850, 6850-6900, 6900-6950, 6950-7000, 7000-7050, 7050-7100, 7100-7150, 7150-7200, 7200-7250, 7250-7300, 7300-7350, 7350-7400, 7400-7450, 7450-7500, 7500-7550, 7550-7600, 7600-7650, 7650-7700, 7700-7750, 7750-7800, 7800-7850, 7850-7900, 7900-7950, 7950-8000, 8000-8050, 8050-8100, 8100-8150, 8150-8200, 8200-8250, 8250-8300, 8300-8350, 8350-8400, 8400-8450, 8450-8500, 8500-8550, 8550-8600, 8600-8650, 8650-8700, 8700-8750, 8750-8800, 8800-8850, 8850-8900, 8900-8950, 8950-9000, 9000-9050, 9050-9100, 9100-9150, 9150-9200, 9200-9250, 9250-9300, 9300-9350, 9350-9400, 9400-9450, 9450-9500, 9500-9550, 9550-9600, 9600-9650, 9650-9700, 9700-9750, 9750-9800, 9800-9850, 9850-9900, 9900-9950, 9950-10000, 10000-10050, 10050-10100, 10100-10150, 10150-10200, 10200-10250, 10250-10300, 10300-10350, 10350-10400, 10400-10450, 10450-10500, 10500-10550, 10550-10600, 10600-10650, 10650-10700, 10700-10750, 10750-10800, 10800-10850, 10850-10900, 10900-10950, 10950-11000, 11050-11100, 11100-11150, 11150-11200, 11200-11250, 11250-11300, 11300-11350, 11350-11400, 11400-11450, 11450-11500, 11500-11550, 11550-11600, 11600-11650, 11650-11700, 11700-11750, 11750-11800, 11800-11850, 11850-11900, 11900-11950, 11950-12000, 12000-12050, 12050-12100, 12100-12150, 12150-12200, 12200-12250, 12250-12300, 12300-12350, 12350-12400, 12400-12450, 12450-12500, 12500-12550, 12550-12600, 12600-12650, 12650-12700, 12700-12750, 12750-12800, 12800-12850, 12850-12900, 12900-12950, 12950-13000, 13050-13100, 13100-13150, 13150-13200, 13200-13250, 13250-13300, 13300-13350, 13350-13400, 13400-13450, and 13450-13500 on the target mRNA sequence. As yet another non-limiting example, the start site may be nucleotide 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 4525, 4526, 4527, 4528, 4529, 4530, 4531, 4532, 4533, 4534, 4535, 4536, 4537, 4538, 4539, 4540, 4541, 4542, 4543, 4544, 4545, 4546, 4547, 4548, 4549, 4550, 4575, 4576, 4577, 4578, 4579, 4580, 4581, 4582, 4583, 4584, 4585, 4586, 4587, 4588, 4589, 4590, 4591, 4592, 4593, 4594, 4595, 4596, 4597, 4598, 4599, 4600, 4850, 4851, 4852, 4853, 4854, 4855, 4856, 4857, 4858, 4859, 4860, 4861, 4862, 4863, 4864, 4865, 4866, 4867, 4868, 4869, 4870, 4871, 4872, 4873, 4874, 4875, 4876, 4877, 4878, 4879, 4880, 4881, 4882, 4883, 4884, 4885, 4886, 4887, 4888, 4889, 4890, 4891, 4892, 4893, 4894, 4895, 4896, 4897, 4898, 4899, 4900, 5460, 5461, 5462, 5463, 5464, 5465, 5466, 5467, 5468, 5469, 5470, 5471, 5472, 5473, 5474, 5475, 5476, 5477, 5478, 5479, 5480, 6175, 6176, 6177, 6178, 6179, 6180, 6181, 6182, 6183, 6184, 6185, 6186, 6187, 6188, 6189, 6190, 6191, 6192, 6193, 6194, 6195, 6196, 6197, 6198, 6199, 6200, 6315, 6316, 6317, 6318, 6319, 6320, 6321, 6322, 6323, 6324, 6325, 6326, 6327, 6328, 6329, 6330, 6331, 6332, 6333, 6334, 6335, 6336, 6337, 6338, 6339, 6340, 6341, 6342, 6343, 6344, 6345, 6600, 6601, 6602, 6603, 6604, 6605, 6606, 6607, 6608, 6609, 6610, 6611, 6612, 6613, 6614, 6615, 6725, 6726, 6727, 6728, 6729, 6730, 6731, 6732, 6733, 6734, 6735, 6736, 6737, 6738, 6739, 6740, 6741, 6742, 6743, 6744, 6745, 6746, 6747, 6748, 6749, 6750, 6751, 6752, 6753, 6754, 6755, 6756, 6757, 6758, 6759, 6760, 6761, 6762, 6763, 6764, 6765, 6766, 6767, 6768, 6769, 6770, 6771, 6772, 6773, 6774, 6775, 7655, 7656, 7657, 7658, 7659, 7660, 7661, 7662, 7663, 7664, 7665, 7666, 7667, 7668, 7669, 7670, 7671, 7672, 8510, 8511, 8512, 8513, 8514, 8515, 8516, 8715, 8716, 8717, 8718, 8719, 8720, 8721, 8722, 8723, 8724, 8725, 8726, 8727, 8728, 8729, 8730, 8731, 8732, 8733, 8734, 8735, 8736, 8737, 8738, 8739, 8740, 8741, 8742, 8743, 8744, 8745, 9250, 9251, 9252, 9253, 9254, 9255, 9256, 9257, 9258, 9259, 9260, 9261, 9262, 9263, 9264, 9265, 9266, 9267, 9268, 9269, 9270, 9480, 9481, 9482, 9483, 9484, 9485, 9486, 9487, 9488, 9489, 9490, 9491, 9492, 9493, 9494, 9495, 9496, 9497, 9498, 9499, 9500, 9575, 9576, 9577, 9578, 9579, 9580, 9581, 9582, 9583, 9584, 9585, 9586, 9587, 9588, 9589, 9590, 10525, 10526, 10527, 10528, 10529, 10530, 10531, 10532, 10533, 10534, 10535, 10536, 10537, 10538, 10539, 10540, 11545, 11546, 11547, 11548, 11549, 11550, 11551, 11552, 11553, 11554, 11555, 11556, 11557, 11558, 11559, 11560, 11875, 11876, 11877, 11878, 11879, 11880, 11881, 11882, 11883, 11884, 11885, 11886, 11887, 11888, 11889, 11890, 11891, 11892, 11893, 11894, 11895, 11896, 11897, 11898, 11899, 11900, 11915, 11916, 11917, 11918, 11919, 11920, 11921, 11922, 11923, 11924, 11925, 11926, 11927, 11928, 11929, 11930, 11931, 11932, 11933, 11934, 11935, 11936, 11937, 11938, 11939, 11940, 13375, 13376, 13377, 13378, 13379, 13380, 13381, 13382, 13383, 13384, 13385, 13386, 13387, 13388, 13389 and 13390 on the target mRNA sequence.

In some embodiments, the antisense strand and target mRNA sequences have 100% complementarity. The antisense strand may be complementary to any part of the target mRNA sequence.

In other embodiments, the antisense strand and target mRNA sequences comprise at least one mismatch. As a non-limiting example, the antisense strand and the target mRNA sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, an siRNA or dsRNA includes at least two sequences that are complementary to each other.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecule has a length from about 10-50 or more nucleotides, i.e., each strand comprising 10-50 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs). Preferably, the siRNA molecule has a length from about 15-30, e.g., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides in each strand, wherein one of the strands is sufficiently complementarity to a target region. In one embodiment, each strand of the siRNA molecule has a length from about 19 to 25, 19 to 24 or 19 to 21 nucleotides. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 19 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 20 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 21 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 22 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 23 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 24 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 25 nucleotides in length.\

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be synthetic RNA duplexes comprising about 19 nucleotides to about 25 nucleotides, and two overhanging nucleotides at the 3′-end. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules may be unmodified RNA molecules. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules may contain at least one modified nucleotide, such as base, sugar or backbone modifications.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention may comprise an antisense sequence and a sense sequence, or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence and the sense sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In other embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be encoded in plasmid vectors, AAV particles, viral genome or other nucleic acid expression vectors for delivery to a cell.

DNA expression plasmids can be used to stably express the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA of the present invention in cells and achieve long-term inhibition of the target gene expression. In one aspect, the sense and antisense strands of a siRNA duplex are typically linked by a short spacer sequence leading to the expression of a stem-loop structure termed short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The hairpin is recognized and cleaved by Dicer, thus generating mature siRNA molecules.

According to the present invention, AAV particles comprising the nucleic acids encoding the siRNA molecules targeting the mRNA are produced, the AAV serotypes may be any of the serotypes listed in Table 1. Non-limiting examples of the AAV serotypes include, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.47, AAV9(hu14), AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ8, AAV-DJ, AAV-PHP.A, and/or AAV-PHP.B, AAVPHP.B2, AAVPHP.B3, AAVPHP.N/PHP.B-DGT, AAVPHP.B-EST, AAVPHP.B-GGT, AAVPHP.B-ATP, AAVPHP.B-ATT-T, AAVPHP.B-DGT-T, AAVPHP.B-GGT-T, AAVPHP.B-SGS, AAVPHP.B-AQP, AAVPHP.B-QQP, AAVPHP.B-SNP(3), AAVPHP.B-SNP, AAVPHP.B-QGT, AAVPHP.B-NQT, AAVPHP.B-EGS, AAVPHP.B-SGN, AAVPHP.B-EGT, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-STP, AAVPHP.B-PQP, AAVPHP.B-SQP, AAVPHP.B-QLP, AAVPHP.B-TMP, AAVPHP.B-TTP, AAVPHP.S/G2A12, AAVG2A15/G2A3, AAVG2B4, AAVG2B5 and variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA of the present invention suppress (or degrade) the target mRNA. Accordingly, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can be used to substantially inhibit the gene expression in a cell, for example a neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of the gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for the target located in the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for the target located in the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest do not comprise a seed match for the target located in the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25% 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand or the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25% 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have high activity in vitro. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules may have low activity in vitro. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA targeting the gene of interest may have high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules have a high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro. The target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand may be at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5% or 100%. The target knock-down by the guide strand may be 40-50%, 45-50%, 50-55%, 50-60%, 60-65%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 60-99.5%, 60-100%, 65-70%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 65-99%, 65-99.5%, 65-100%, 70-75%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 70-99.5%, 70-100%, 75-80%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 75-99%, 75-99.5%, 75-100%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 80-99.5%, 80-100%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 85-99%, 85-99.5%, 85-100%, 90-95%, 90-99%, 90-99.5%, 90-100%, 95-99%, 95-99.5%, 95-100%, 99-99.5%, 99-100% or 99.5-100%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 70%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplex is designed so there is no miRNA seed match for the sense or antisense sequence to the non-gene of interest sequence.

In one embodiment, the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the on-target gene. As a non-limiting example, if the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the target then the siRNA molecule is said to have high guide strand selectivity for inhibiting the gene of interest in vitro.

In one embodiment, the 5′ processing of the guide strand has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% of the time in vitro or in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vivo.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1;1, 2:10, 2:9, 2:8, 2:7, 2:6, 2:5, 2:4, 2:3, 2:2, 2:1, 3:10, 3:9, 3:8, 3:7, 3:6, 3:5, 3:4, 3:3, 3:2, 3:1, 4:10, 4:9, 4:8, 4:7, 4:6, 4:5, 4:4, 4:3, 4:2, 4:1, 5:10, 5:9, 5:8, 5:7, 5:6, 5:5, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:10, 6:9, 6:8, 6:7, 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2, 6:1, 7:10, 7:9, 7:8, 7:7, 7:6, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:10, 8:9, 8:8, 8:7, 8:6, 8:5, 8:4, 8:3, 8:2, 8:1, 9:10, 9:9, 9:8, 9:7, 9:6, 9:5, 9:4, 9:3, 9:2, 9:1, 10:10, 10:9, 10:8, 10:7, 10:6, 10:5, 10:4, 10:3, 10:2, 10:1, 1:99, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65, 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5, or 99:1 in vitro or in vivo. The guide to passenger ratio refers to the ratio of the guide strands to the passenger strands after intracellular processing of the pri-microRNA. For example, a 80:20 of guide-to-passenger ratio would have 8 guide strands to every 2 passenger strands processed from the precursor. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 8:2 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 8:2 in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 9:1 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 9:1 in vivo.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 2.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 5.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 10.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 20.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 50.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 3:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 5:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 10:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 20:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 50:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1;1, 2:10, 2:9, 2:8, 2:7, 2:6, 2:5, 2:4, 2:3, 2:2, 2:1, 3:10, 3:9, 3:8, 3:7, 3:6, 3:5, 3:4, 3:3, 3:2, 3:1, 4:10, 4:9, 4:8, 4:7, 4:6, 4:5, 4:4, 4:3, 4:2, 4:1, 5:10, 5:9, 5:8, 5:7, 5:6, 5:5, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:10, 6:9, 6:8, 6:7, 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2, 6:1, 7:10, 7:9, 7:8, 7:7, 7:6, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:10, 8:9, 8:8, 8:7, 8:6, 8:5, 8:4, 8:3, 8:2, 8:1, 9:10, 9:9, 9:8, 9:7, 9:6, 9:5, 9:4, 9:3, 9:2, 9:1, 10:10, 10:9, 10:8, 10:7, 10:6, 10:5, 10:4, 10:3, 10:2, 10:1, 1:99, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65, 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5, or 99:1 in vitro or in vivo. The passenger to guide ratio refers to the ratio of the passenger strands to the guide strands after the intracellular processing of the pri-microRNA. For example, a 80:20 passenger-to-guide ratio would have 8 passenger strands to every 2 guide strands processed from the precursor. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 80:20 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 80:20 in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 8:2 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 8:2 in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 9:1 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 9:1 in vivo.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 2.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 5.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 10.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 20.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 50.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 3:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 5:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 10:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 20:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 50:1.

In one embodiment, a passenger-guide strand duplex is considered effective when the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate, but methods known in the art and described herein, greater than 2-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured. As a non-limiting examples, the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate great than 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 11-fold, 12-fold, 13-fold, 14-fold, 15-fold, or 2 to 5-fold, 2 to 10-fold, 2 to 15-fold, 3 to 5-fold, 3 to 10-fold, 3 to 15-fold, 4 to 5-fold, 4 to 10-fold, 4 to 15-fold, 5 to 10-fold, 5 to 15-fold, 6 to 10-fold, 6 to 15-fold, 7 to 10-fold, 7 to 15-fold, 8 to 10-fold, 8 to 15-fold, 9 to 10-fold, 9 to 15-fold, 10 to 15-fold, 11 to 15-fold, 12 to 15-fold, 13 to 15-fold, or 14 to 15-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured.

In one embodiment, the vector genome encoding the dsRNA comprises a sequence which is at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99% of the full length of the construct. As a non-limiting example, the vector genome comprises a sequence which is at least 80% of the full length sequence of the construct.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant version of the gene of interest by targeting at least one exon on the gene of interest sequence. The exon may be exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, exon 17, exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21, exon 22, exon 23, exon 24, exon 25, exon 26, exon 27, exon 28, exon 29, exon 30, exon 31, exon 32, exon 33, exon 34, exon 35, exon 36, exon 37, exon 38, exon 39, exon 40, exon 41, exon 42, exon 43, exon 44, exon 45, exon 46, exon 47, exon 48, exon 49, exon 50, exon 51, exon 52, exon 53, exon 54, exon 55, exon 56, exon 57, exon 58, exon 59, exon 60, exon 61, exon 62, exon 63, exon 64, exon 65, exon 66, and/or exon 67.

Design and Sequences of siRNA Duplexes Targeting HTT Gene

The present invention provides small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes (and modulatory polynucleotides encoding them) that target HTT mRNA to interfere with HTT gene expression and/or HTT protein production.

The encoded siRNA duplex of the present invention contains an antisense strand and a sense strand hybridized together forming a duplex structure, wherein the antisense strand is complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted HTT gene, and wherein the sense strand is homologous to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted HTT gene. In some aspects, the 5′end of the antisense strand has a 5′ phosphate group and the 3′end of the sense strand contains a 3′hydroxyl group. In other aspects, there are none, one or 2 nucleotide overhangs at the 3′end of each strand.

Some guidelines for designing siRNAs have been proposed in the art. These guidelines generally recommend generating a 19-nucleotide duplexed region, symmetric 2-3 nucleotide 3′ overhangs, 5′-phosphate and 3′-hydroxyl groups targeting a region in the gene to be silenced. Other rules that may govern siRNA sequence preference include, but are not limited to, (i) A/U at the 5′ end of the antisense strand; (ii) G/C at the 5′ end of the sense strand; (iii) at least five A/U residues in the 5′ terminal one-third of the antisense strand; and (iv) the absence of any GC stretch of more than 9 nucleotides in length. In accordance with such consideration, together with the specific sequence of a target gene, highly effective siRNA molecules essential for suppressing the Htt gene expression may be readily designed.

According to the present invention, siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA) that target the HTT gene are designed. Such siRNA molecules can specifically, suppress HTT gene expression and protein production. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock out” HTT gene variants in cells, i.e., mutated HTT transcripts that are identified in patients with HD disease. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock down” HTT gene variants in cells. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules are able to inhibit or suppress both the wild type and mutated HTT gene.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure. The antisense strand has sufficient complementarity to the HTT mRNA sequence to direct target-specific RNAi, i.e., the siRNA molecule has a sequence sufficient to trigger the destruction of the target mRNA by the RNAi machinery or process.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure and where the start site of the hybridization to the HTT mRNA is between nucleotide 100 and 7000 on the HTT mRNA sequence. As a non-limiting example, the start site may be between nucleotide 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-70, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, 950-1000, 1000-1050, 1050-1100, 1100-1150, 1150-1200, 1200-1250, 1250-1300, 1300-1350, 1350-1400, 1400-1450, 1450-1500, 1500-1550, 1550-1600, 1600-1650, 1650-1700, 1700-1750, 1750-1800, 1800-1850, 1850-1900, 1900-1950, 1950-2000, 2000-2050, 2050-2100, 2100-2150, 2150-2200, 2200-2250, 2250-2300, 2300-2350, 2350-2400, 2400-2450, 2450-2500, 2500-2550, 2550-2600, 2600-2650, 2650-2700, 2700-2750, 2750-2800, 2800-2850, 2850-2900, 2900-2950, 2950-3000, 3000-3050, 3050-3100, 3100-3150, 3150-3200, 3200-3250, 3250-3300, 3300-3350, 3350-3400, 3400-3450, 3450-3500, 3500-3550, 3550-3600, 3600-3650, 3650-3700, 3700-3750, 3750-3800, 3800-3850, 3850-3900, 3900-3950, 3950-4000, 4000-4050, 4050-4100, 4100-4150, 4150-4200, 4200-4250, 4250-4300, 4300-4350, 4350-4400, 4400-4450, 4450-4500, 4500-4550, 4550-4600, 4600-4650, 4650-4700, 4700-4750, 4750-4800, 4800-4850, 4850-4900, 4900-4950, 4950-5000, 5000-5050, 5050-5100, 5100-5150, 5150-5200, 5200-5250, 5250-5300, 5300-5350, 5350-5400, 5400-5450, 5450-5500, 5500-5550, 5550-5600, 5600-5650, 5650-5700, 5700-5750, 5750-5800, 5800-5850, 5850-5900, 5900-5950, 5950-6000, 6000-6050, 6050-6100, 6100-6150, 6150-6200, 6200-6250, 6250-6300, 6300-6350, 6350-6400, 6400-6450, 6450-6500, 6500-6550, 6550-6600, 6600-6650, 6650-6700, 6700-6750, 6750-6800, 6800-6850, 6850-6900, 6900-6950, 6950-7000, 7000-7050, 7050-7100, 7100-7150, 7150-7200, 7200-7250, 7250-7300, 7300-7350, 7350-7400, 7400-7450, 7450-7500, 7500-7550, 7550-7600, 7600-7650, 7650-7700, 7700-7750, 7750-7800, 7800-7850, 7850-7900, 7900-7950, 7950-8000, 8000-8050, 8050-8100, 8100-8150, 8150-8200, 8200-8250, 8250-8300, 8300-8350, 8350-8400, 8400-8450, 8450-8500, 8500-8550, 8550-8600, 8600-8650, 8650-8700, 8700-8750, 8750-8800, 8800-8850, 8850-8900, 8900-8950, 8950-9000, 9000-9050, 9050-9100, 9100-9150, 9150-9200, 9200-9250, 9250-9300, 9300-9350, 9350-9400, 9400-9450, 9450-9500, 9500-9550, 9550-9600, 9600-9650, 9650-9700, 9700-9750, 9750-9800, 9800-9850, 9850-9900, 9900-9950, 9950-10000, 10000-10050, 10050-10100, 10100-10150, 10150-10200, 10200-10250, 10250-10300, 10300-10350, 10350-10400, 10400-10450, 10450-10500, 10500-10550, 10550-10600, 10600-10650, 10650-10700, 10700-10750, 10750-10800, 10800-10850, 10850-10900, 10900-10950, 10950-11000, 11050-11100, 11100-11150, 11150-11200, 11200-11250, 11250-11300, 11300-11350, 11350-11400, 11400-11450, 11450-11500, 11500-11550, 11550-11600, 11600-11650, 11650-11700, 11700-11750, 11750-11800, 11800-11850, 11850-11900, 11900-11950, 11950-12000, 12000-12050, 12050-12100, 12100-12150, 12150-12200, 12200-12250, 12250-12300, 12300-12350, 12350-12400, 12400-12450, 12450-12500, 12500-12550, 12550-12600, 12600-12650, 12650-12700, 12700-12750, 12750-12800, 12800-12850, 12850-12900, 12900-12950, 12950-13000, 13050-13100, 13100-13150, 13150-13200, 13200-13250, 13250-13300, 13300-13350, 13350-13400, 13400-13450, and 13450-13500 on the HTT mRNA sequence. As yet another non-limiting example, the start site may be nucleotide 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 4525, 4526, 4527, 4528, 4529, 4530, 4531, 4532, 4533, 4534, 4535, 4536, 4537, 4538, 4539, 4540, 4541, 4542, 4543, 4544, 4545, 4546, 4547, 4548, 4549, 4550, 4575, 4576, 4577, 4578, 4579, 4580, 4581, 4582, 4583, 4584, 4585, 4586, 4587, 4588, 4589, 4590, 4591, 4592, 4593, 4594, 4595, 4596, 4597, 4598, 4599, 4600, 4850, 4851, 4852, 4853, 4854, 4855, 4856, 4857, 4858, 4859, 4860, 4861, 4862, 4863, 4864, 4865, 4866, 4867, 4868, 4869, 4870, 4871, 4872, 4873, 4874, 4875, 4876, 4877, 4878, 4879, 4880, 4881, 4882, 4883, 4884, 4885, 4886, 4887, 4888, 4889, 4890, 4891, 4892, 4893, 4894, 4895, 4896, 4897, 4898, 4899, 4900, 5460, 5461, 5462, 5463, 5464, 5465, 5466, 5467, 5468, 5469, 5470, 5471, 5472, 5473, 5474, 5475, 5476, 5477, 5478, 5479, 5480, 6175, 6176, 6177, 6178, 6179, 6180, 6181, 6182, 6183, 6184, 6185, 6186, 6187, 6188, 6189, 6190, 6191, 6192, 6193, 6194, 6195, 6196, 6197, 6198, 6199, 6200, 6315, 6316, 6317, 6318, 6319, 6320, 6321, 6322, 6323, 6324, 6325, 6326, 6327, 6328, 6329, 6330, 6331, 6332, 6333, 6334, 6335, 6336, 6337, 6338, 6339, 6340, 6341, 6342, 6343, 6344, 6345, 6600, 6601, 6602, 6603, 6604, 6605, 6606, 6607, 6608, 6609, 6610, 6611, 6612, 6613, 6614, 6615, 6725, 6726, 6727, 6728, 6729, 6730, 6731, 6732, 6733, 6734, 6735, 6736, 6737, 6738, 6739, 6740, 6741, 6742, 6743, 6744, 6745, 6746, 6747, 6748, 6749, 6750, 6751, 6752, 6753, 6754, 6755, 6756, 6757, 6758, 6759, 6760, 6761, 6762, 6763, 6764, 6765, 6766, 6767, 6768, 6769, 6770, 6771, 6772, 6773, 6774, 6775, 7655, 7656, 7657, 7658, 7659, 7660, 7661, 7662, 7663, 7664, 7665, 7666, 7667, 7668, 7669, 7670, 7671, 7672, 8510, 8511, 8512, 8513, 8514, 8515, 8516, 8715, 8716, 8717, 8718, 8719, 8720, 8721, 8722, 8723, 8724, 8725, 8726, 8727, 8728, 8729, 8730, 8731, 8732, 8733, 8734, 8735, 8736, 8737, 8738, 8739, 8740, 8741, 8742, 8743, 8744, 8745, 9250, 9251, 9252, 9253, 9254, 9255, 9256, 9257, 9258, 9259, 9260, 9261, 9262, 9263, 9264, 9265, 9266, 9267, 9268, 9269, 9270, 9480, 9481, 9482, 9483, 9484, 9485, 9486, 9487, 9488, 9489, 9490, 9491, 9492, 9493, 9494, 9495, 9496, 9497, 9498, 9499, 9500, 9575, 9576, 9577, 9578, 9579, 9580, 9581, 9582, 9583, 9584, 9585, 9586, 9587, 9588, 9589, 9590, 10525, 10526, 10527, 10528, 10529, 10530, 10531, 10532, 10533, 10534, 10535, 10536, 10537, 10538, 10539, 10540, 11545, 11546, 11547, 11548, 11549, 11550, 11551, 11552, 11553, 11554, 11555, 11556, 11557, 11558, 11559, 11560, 11875, 11876, 11877, 11878, 11879, 11880, 11881, 11882, 11883, 11884, 11885, 11886, 11887, 11888, 11889, 11890, 11891, 11892, 11893, 11894, 11895, 11896, 11897, 11898, 11899, 11900, 11915, 11916, 11917, 11918, 11919, 11920, 11921, 11922, 11923, 11924, 11925, 11926, 11927, 11928, 11929, 11930, 11931, 11932, 11933, 11934, 11935, 11936, 11937, 11938, 11939, 11940, 13375, 13376, 13377, 13378, 13379, 13380, 13381, 13382, 13383, 13384, 13385, 13386, 13387, 13388, 13389 and 13390 on the HTT mRNA sequence.

In some embodiments, the antisense strand and target Htt mRNA sequences have 100% complementarity. The antisense strand may be complementary to any part of the target Htt mRNA sequence.

In other embodiments, the antisense strand and target Htt mRNA sequences comprise at least one mismatch. As a non-limiting example, the antisense strand and the target Htt mRNA sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, an siRNA or dsRNA targeting Htt includes at least two sequences that are complementary to each other.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecule targeting Htt has a length from about 10-50 or more nucleotides, i.e., each strand comprising 10-50 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs). Preferably, the siRNA molecule has a length from about 15-30, e.g., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides in each strand, wherein one of the strands is sufficiently complementarity to a target region. In one embodiment, each strand of the siRNA molecule has a length from about 19 to 25, 19 to 24 or 19 to 21 nucleotides. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 19 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 20 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 21 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 22 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 23 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 24 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 25 nucleotides in length.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting Htt can be synthetic RNA duplexes comprising about 19 nucleotides to about 25 nucleotides, and two overhanging nucleotides at the 3′-end. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules may be unmodified RNA molecules. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules may contain at least one modified nucleotide, such as base, sugar or backbone modifications.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting Htt may comprise a nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, the antisense (guide) sequences in Table 2 or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% of a nucleotide sequence in Table 2. As another non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or more than 21 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence in Table 2. As yet another non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises nucleotides 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 22, 2 to 21, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 3 to 22, 3 to 21, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 4 to 22, 4 to 21, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 5 to 22, 5 to 21, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15, 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 22, 6 to 21, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 7 to 22, 7 to 21, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18, 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 8 to 22, 8 to 21, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 9 to 22, 9 to 21, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18, 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 10 to 22, 10 to 21, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 11 to 22, 11 to 21, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17, 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 12 to 22, 12 to 21, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 13 to 22, 13 to 21, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 14 to 22, 14 to 21, 14 to 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 15 to 22, 15 to 21, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 16 to 22, 16 to 21, 16 to 20, 17 to 22, 17 to 21, or 18 to 22 of the sequences in Table 2.

TABLE 2
Antisense Sequences
Antisense		SEQ
ID	Sequence	ID NO
A-2000	UUAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACUU	916
A-2000dt	UUAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACdTdT	917
A-2001	UGUCGGUACCGUCUAACACUU	918
A-2001dt	UGUCGGUACCGUCUAACACdTdT	919
A-2002	UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUU	920
A-2002dt	UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGdTdT	921
A-2003	UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCUU	922
A-2003dt	UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCdTdT	923
A-2004	UUCAGUUCAUAAACCUGGAUU	924
A-2004dt	UUCAGUUCAUAAACCUGGAdTdT	925
A-2005	UAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACCUU	926
A-2005dt	UAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACCdTdT	927
A-2006	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUU	928
A-2006dt	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGdTdT	929
A-2007	UUGCACGGUUCUUUGUGACUU	930
A-2007dt	UUGCACGGUUCUUUGUGACdTdT	931
A-2008	UUUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAUU	932
A-2008dt	UUUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAdTdT	933
A-2009	UCCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUU	934
A-2009dt	UCCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGdTdT	935
A-2010	UAUUUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGUU	936
A-2010dt	UAUUUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGdTdT	937
A-2011	UUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGAUCUU	938
A-2011dt	UUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGAUCdTdT	939
A-2012dt	UUAAUCUCUUUACUGAUAUdTdT	940
A-2013dt	GAUUUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGdTdT	941
A-2014	UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGCUU	942
A-2015	UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGGU	943
A-2016	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU	944
A-2017	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG	945
A-2018	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGA	946
A-2019	AGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU	947
A-2020	GAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU	948
A-2021	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU	949
A-2022	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGUU	950
A-2023	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG	951
A-2024	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGA	952
A-2025	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG	953
A-2026	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAU	954
A-2027	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGA	955
A-2028	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG	956
A-2029	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGU	957
A-2030	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGA	958
A-2031	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG	959
A-2032	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU	960
A-2033	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGA	961
A-2034	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGA	962
A-2035	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG	963
A-2036	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGAU	964
A-2037	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGAUU	965
A-2038	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG	966
A-2039	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGAA	967
A-2040	GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUGA	968
A-2041	GAUGAACUGCACACAUUGGAUG	969
A-2042	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUGA	970
A-2043	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUU	971
A-2044	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUUU	972
A-2045	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGU	973
A-2046	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUUUU	974
A-2047	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUUUUU	975
A-2048	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG	976
A-2049	UAAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG	977
A-2050	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG	978
A-2051	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU	979
A-2052	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGACGA	980
	GUCCC
A-2053	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGACGA	981
	GUCCCA
A-2054	AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGACG	982
	AGUCCCU
A-2055	GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUAC	983
A-2056	GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUACA	984
A-2057	GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUACA	985
	AUGUGU
A-2058	GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAU	986
A-2059	GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUA	987
A-2060	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAU	988
A-2061	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUAC	989
A-2062	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUA	990
	CUGUGU
A-2063	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUA	991
A-2064	AUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUAC	992
A-2065	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUA	993
A-2066	GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAU	994
	ACUGUGU
A-2067	UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCU	995
A-2068	ACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCUU	996
A-2069	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUUC	997
A-2070	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGU	998
A-2071	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUG	999
A-2072	CCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUU	1000
A-2073	UUUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAU	1001
A-2074	UUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAUU	1002
A-2075	UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGU	1003
A-2076	AAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUU	1004
A-2077	CCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUU	1005
A-2078	UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCUUU	1006
A-2079	UAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACCUUU	1007
A-2080	GUCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUU	1008
A-2081	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUUUG	1009
A-2082	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUUU	1010
A-2083	UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGG	1011
A-2084	UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUUU	1012
A-2085	AAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUUU	1013
A-2086	UCCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUUU	1014
A-2087	CCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUUU	1015

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting Htt may comprise a nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, the sense (passenger) sequences in Table 3 or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% of a nucleotide sequence in Table 3. As another non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or more than 21 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence in Table 3. As yet another non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises nucleotides 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 22, 2 to 21, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 3 to 22, 3 to 21, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 4 to 22, 4 to 21, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 5 to 22, 5 to 21, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15, 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 22, 6 to 21, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 7 to 22, 7 to 21, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18, 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 8 to 22, 8 to 21, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 9 to 22, 9 to 21, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18, 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 10 to 22, 10 to 21, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 11 to 22, 11 to 21, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17, 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 12 to 22, 12 to 21, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 13 to 22, 13 to 21, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 14 to 22, 14 to 21, 14 to 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 15 to 22, 15 to 21, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 16 to 22, 16 to 21, 16 to 20, 17 to 22, 17 to 21, or 18 to 22 of the sequences in Table 3.

TABLE 3
Sense Sequences
			SEQ
			ID
	Sense ID	Sequence	NO
	S-1000	GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUACCC	1016
	S-1001	GUGUUAGACGGUACUGAUCCC	1017
	S-1002	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCCC	1018
	S-1003	GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUAGCC	1019
	S-1004	GUGUUAGACGGUACUGAUGCC	1020
	S-1005	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCC	1021
	S-1006	GUUUAUGAAGUGAUCUUAACC	1022
	S-1007	GUGUUAGACCGUACUGAUACC	1023
	S-1008	CCUGCUAGCACCAUGCUUACC	1024
	S-1009	GUUUAUGAAGUGAUCUUAACC	1025
	S-1010	GUGUUAGACGGUACUGAUACC	1026
	S-1011	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUACC	1027
	S-lOlldt	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUAdTdT	1028
	S-1012	GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUGCCC	1029
	S-1013	GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUGGCC	1030
	S-1014	GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUGACC	1031
	S-1015	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCCC	1032
	S-1016	UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGACCC	1033
	S-1017	GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUCCC	1034
	S-1018	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGCCC	1035
	S-1019	GUCACAAAGAACCGUGUACCC	1036
	S-1020	UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAACCC	1037
	S-1021	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGCCC	1038
	S-1022	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUGCC	1039
	S-1023	UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGAGCC	1040
	S-1024	GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUGCC	1041
	S-1025	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGCC	1042
	S-1026	GUCACAAAGAACCGUGUAGCC	1043
	S-1027	UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGCC	1044
	S-1028	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGCC	1045
	S-1029	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACC	1046
	S-1029dt	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUAdTdT	1047
	S-1030	UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGAACC	1048
	S-lO3Odt	UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGAAdTdT	1049
	S-1031	GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUACC	1050
	S-1032	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACC	1051
	S-1033	GUCACAAAGAACCGUGUAACC	1052
	S-1034	UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAACC	1053
	S-1034dt	UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAAdTdT	1054
	S-1035	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACC	1055
	S-1035dt	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGAdTdT	1056
	S-1036	GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUACC	1057
	S-1037	UCCAGGUUUUUGAACUGAACC	1058
	S-1038	GGUUUAUGAUCUGACGUUACC	1059
	S-1039	CCACAAUGUAGUGACUGGACC	1060
	S-1040	GUCACAAAGUACCGUGUAACC	1061
	S-1041	UGAACCUCUAGUUAUAAAACC	1062
	S-1042	CCGACAACCUGUAUUUGGACC	1063
	S-1043	CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUUCC	1064
	S-1044	GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAUCC	1065
	S-1045	CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUGCC	1066
	S-1046	GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAGCC	1067
	S-1047	CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUACC	1068
	S-1047dt	CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUAdTdT	1069
	S-1048	GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAACC	1070
	S-1048dt	GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAdTdT	1071
	S-1049	CAUUGGAAUACCUAAAAUACC	1072
	S-1050	GAUCAUUGGUAUUCCUAAACC	1073
	S-1051dt	GUUUAUGAACUGACGUUAAdTdT	1074
	S-1052dt	GUGUUAGACGGUACCGACAdTdT	1075
	S-1053dt	AUAUCAGUAAAGAGAUUAAdTdT	1076
	S-1054dt	GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUAdTdT	1077
	S-1055dt	CCACAAUGUUGUGACCGGAdTdT	1078
	S-1056dt	GUCACAAAGAACCGUGCAAdTdT	1079
	S-1057dt	CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUCdTdT	1080
	S-1058	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCU	1081
	S-1059	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGAU	1082
	S-1060	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUAUU	1083
	S-1061	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGUU	1084
	S-1062	UUCGAGUCCCUCAAGUAGCU	1085
	S-1063	UUCGAGUCCCUCAAGUAGCUUU	1086
	S-1064	UCGAGUCCCUCAAGUCCAUUCU	1087
	S-1065	UUCCAGUCCAUCAAGUCAAUU	1088
	S-1066	UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGG	1089
	S-1067	UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGGC	1090
	S-1068	CUUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGG	1091
	S-1069	UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGGU	1092
	S-1070	UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUU	1093
		GGCU
	S-1071	UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGCU	1094
	S-1072	UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGC	1095
	S-1073	AUCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGU	1096
	S-1074	AUCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGU	1097
	S-1075	UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGU	1098
	S-1076	UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGG	1099
		CUU
	S-1077	AUCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGG	1100
	S-1078	UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGG	1101
	S-1079	UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGC	1102
	S-1080	AUCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGU	1103
	S-1081	UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGU	1104
	S-1082	UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGCU	1105
	S-1083	CCUUCGGUCCUCAAGUCCUUCA	1106
	S-1084	UUCGAGUCCAUCAAAUCCUAUAGU	1107
	S-1085	UACAAUGUGUGCACUUCAUAU	1108
	S-1086	UAUACUGUGUGCAAUUCAUUUCU	1109
	S-1087	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCC	1110
	S-1088	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUC	1111
	S-1089	CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCCC	1112
	S-1090	CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCC	1113
	S-1091	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUGC	1114
	S-1092	CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUGCC	1115
	S-1093	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGCCU	1116
	S-1094	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGC	1117
	S-1095	CACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGCC	1118
	S-1096	UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGCCU	1119
	S-1097	UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGC	1120
	S-1098	GAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGCC	1121
	S-1099	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCCU	1122
	S-1100	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGC	1123
	S-1101	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUG	1124
	S-1102	CUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCC	1125
	S-1103	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGCCU	1126
	S-1104	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGC	1127
	S-1105	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGG	1128
	S-1106	CGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGCC	1129
	S-1107	CGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGC	1130
	S-1108	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACCU	1131
	S-1109	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUAC	1132
	S-1110	GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUA	1133
	S-1111	CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACC	1134
	S-1112	GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUACCU	1135
	S-1113	GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUAC	1136
	S-1114	GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUA	1137
	S-1115	CAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUACC	1138
	S-1116	AGCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACC	1139
	S-1117	AGCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUAC	1140
	S-1118	AGGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUAC	1141
	S-1119	AGGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUACC	1142
	S-1120	ACCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGAC	1143
	S-1121	ACCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACC	1144
	S-1122	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACCGU	1145
	S-1123	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACCG	1146
	S-1124	CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGAC	1147
	S-1125	CACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACC	1148
	S-1126	ACCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCCC	1149
	S-1127	ACCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCC	1150
	S-1128	ACCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUC	1151
	S-1129	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCC	1152
	S-1130	CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUC	1153
	S-1131	CUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCCC	1154
	S-1132	CUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCC	1155
	S-1133	ACCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACC	1156
	S-1134	ACCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGAC	1157
	S-1135	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACCGU	1158
	S-1136	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACCGU	1159
	S-1137	CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGAC	1160
	S-1138	CGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACC	1161
	S-1139	CCUGCUAGCACCGUGCUUACC	1162

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting Htt may comprise an antisense sequence from Table 2 and a sense sequence from Table 3, or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence and the sense sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting Htt may comprise the sense and antisense siRNA duplex as described in Tables 4-6. As a non-limiting example, these siRNA duplexes may be tested for in vitro inhibitory activity on endogenous HTT gene expression. The start site for the sense and antisense sequence is compared to HTT gene sequence known as NM_002111.7 (SEQ ID NO: 1163) from NCBI.

TABLE 4
Sense and antisense strand sequences of HTT dsRNA
			Sense				Antisense
siRNA			Strand	SS			Strand	AS
Duplex	SS	Start	Sequence	SEQ		Start	Sequence	SEQ
ID	ID	SS	(5′-3′)	ID	AS ID	AS	(5′-3′)	ID
D-3566	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1081	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1058		UGCUUGCU				AGCAGGUU
D-3567	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1081	A-2014	6748	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	942
	1058		UGCUUGCU				AGCAGGCUU
D-3568	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1082	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1059		UGCUUGAU				AGCAGGUU
D-3569	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1083	A-2015	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	943
	1060		UGCUUAUU				AGCAGGGU
D-3570	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1084	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1061		UGCUUGUU				AGCAGGUU
D-3500	S-	1386	UCCAGGUUUAUGA	1033	A-2004	1386	UUCAGUUCAUAAA	924
	1016		ACUGACCC				CCUGGAUU
D-3501	S-	1386	UCCAGGUUUAUGA	1040	A-2004	1386	UUCAGUUCAUAAA	924
	1023		ACUGAGCC				CCUGGAUU
D-3502	S-	1386	UCCAGGUUUAUGA	1048	A-2004	1386	UUCAGUUCAUAAA	924
	1030		ACUGAACC				CCUGGAUU
D-3503	S-	1386	UCCAGGUUUUUG	1058	A-2004	1386	UUCAGUUCAUAAA	924
	1037		AACUGAACC				CCUGGAUU
D-3504	S-	1386	UCCAGGUUUAUGA	1048	A-2001	2066	UGUCGGUACCGUC	918
	1030		ACUGAACC				UAACACUU
D-3505	S-	1390	GGUUUAUGAACU	1034	A-2005	1389	UAACGUCAGUUCA	926
	1017		GACGUUCCC				UAAACCUU
D-3506	S-	1390	GGUUUAUGAACU	1041	A-2005	1389	UAACGUCAGUUCA	926
	1024		GACGUUGCC				UAAACCUU
D-3507	S-	1390	GGUUUAUGAACU	1050	A-2005	1389	UAACGUCAGUUCA	926
	1031		GACGUUACC				UAAACCUU
D-3508	S-	1390	GGUUUAUGAUCU	1059	A-2005	1389	UAACGUCAGUUCA	926
	1038		GACGUUACC				UAAACCUU
D-3509	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1016	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1000		AUCUUACCC				AUAAACUU
D-3510	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1019	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1003		AUCUUAGCC				AUAAACUU
D-3511	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1022	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1006		AUCUUAACC				AUAAACUU
D-3512	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1025	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1009		AUCUUAACC				AUAAACUU
D-3513	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1029	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1012		AUCUUGCCC				AUAAACUU
D-3514	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1030	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1013		AUCUUGGCC				AUAAACUU
D-3515	S-	1391	GUUUAUGAACUG	1031	A-2000	1391	UUAACGUCAGUUC	916
	1014		AUCUUGACC				AUAAACUU
D-3516	S-	1429	CCACAAUGUUGUG	1035	A-2006	1428	UCCGGUCACAACA	928
	1018		ACUGGCCC				UUGUGGUU
D-3517	S-	1429	CCACAAUGUUGUG	1042	A-2006	1428	UCCGGUCACAACA	928
	1025		ACUGGGCC				UUGUGGUU
D-3518	S-	1429	CCACAAUGUUGUG	1051	A-2006	1428	UCCGGUCACAACA	928
	1032		ACUGGACC				UUGUGGUU
D-3519	S-	1429	CCACAAUGUAGUG	1060	A-2006	1428	UCCGGUCACAACA	928
	1039		ACUGGACC				UUGUGGUU
D-3520	S-	2066	GUGUUAGACGGU	1017	A-2001	2066	UGUCGGUACCGUC	918
	1001		ACUGAUCCC				UAACACUU
D-3521	S-	2066	GUGUUAGACGGU	1020	A-2001	2066	UGUCGGUACCGUC	918
	1004		ACUGAUGCC				UAACACUU
D-3522	S-	2066	GUGUUAGACCGUA	1023	A-2001	2066	UGUCGGUACCGUC	918
	1007		CUGAUACC				UAACACUU
D-3523	S-	2066	GUGUUAGACGGU	1026	A-2001	2066	UGUCGGUACCGUC	918
	1010		ACUGAUACC				UAACACUU
D-3524	S-	2079	CCGACAACCAGUA	1038	A-2009	2078	UCCAAAUACUGGU	934
	1021		UUUGGCCC				UGUCGGUU
D-3525	S-	2079	CCGACAACCAGUA	1045	A-2009	2078	UCCAAAUACUGGU	934
	1028		UUUGGGCC				UGUCGGUU
D-3526	S-	2079	CCGACAACCAGUA	1055	A-2009	2078	UCCAAAUACUGGU	934
	1035		UUUGGACC				UGUCGGUU
D-3527	S-	2079	CCGACAACCUGUA	1063	A-2009	2078	UCCAAAUACUGGU	934
	1042		UUUGGACC				UGUCGGUU
D-3528	S-	4544	GUCACAAAGAACC	1036	A-2007	4544	UUGCACGGUUCU	930
	1019		GUGUACCC				UUGUGACUU
D-3529	S-	4544	GUCACAAAGAACC	1043	A-2007	4544	UUGCACGGUUCU	930
	1026		GUGUAGCC				UUGUGACUU
D-3530	S-	4544	GUCACAAAGAACC	1052	A-2007	4544	UUGCACGGUUCU	930
	1033		GUGUAACC				UUGUGACUU
D-3531	S-	4544	GUCACAAAGUACC	1061	A-2007	4544	UUGCACGGUUCU	930
	1040		GUGUAACC				UUGUGACUU
D-3532	S-	4597	UGAACCUCUUGUU	1037	A-2008	4597	UUUUAUAACAAGA	932
	1020		AUAAACCC				GGUUCAUU
D-3533	S-	4597	UGAACCUCUUGUU	1044	A-2008	4597	UUUUAUAACAAGA	932
	1027		AUAAAGCC				GGUUCAUU
D-3534	S-	4597	UGAACCUCUUGUU	1053	A-2008	4597	UUUUAUAACAAGA	932
	1034		AUAAAACC				GGUUCAUU
D-3535	S-	4597	UGAACCUCUAGUU	1062	A-2008	4597	UUUUAUAACAAGA	932
	1041		AUAAAACC				GGUUCAUU
D-3536	S-	4861	GAUCAUUGGAAU	1065	A-2011	4860	UUUAGGAAUUCCA	938
	1044		UCCUAAUCC				AUGAUCUU
D-3537	S-	4861	GAUCAUUGGAAU	1067	A-2011	4860	UUUAGGAAUUCCA	938
	1046		UCCUAAGCC				AUGAUCUU
D-3538	S-	4861	GAUCAUUGGAAU	1070	A-2011	4860	UUUAGGAAUUCCA	938
	1048		UCCUAAACC				AUGAUCUU
D-3539	S-	4861	GAUCAUUGGUAU	1073	A-2011	4860	UUUAGGAAUUCCA	938
	1050		UCCUAAACC				AUGAUCUU
D-3540	S-	4864	CAUUGGAAUUCCU	1064	A-2010	4864	UAUUUUAGGAAU	936
	1043		AAAAUUCC				UCCAAUGUU
D-3541	S-	4864	CAUUGGAAUUCCU	1066	A-2010	4864	UAUUUUAGGAAU	936
	1045		AAAAUGCC				UCCAAUGUU
D-3542	S-	4864	CAUUGGAAUUCCU	1068	A-2010	4864	UAUUUUAGGAAU	936
	1047		AAAAUACC				UCCAAUGUU
D-3543	S-	4864	CAUUGGAAUACCU	1072	A-2010	4864	UAUUUUAGGAAU	936
	1049		AAAAUACC				UCCAAUGUU
D-3544	S-	6188	GCAAUUCAGUCUC	1032	A-2003	6188	UACAACGAGACUG	922
	1015		GUUGUCCC				AAUUGCUU
D-3545	S-	6188	GCAAUUCAGUCUC	1039	A-2003	6188	UACAACGAGACUG	922
	1022		GUUGUGCC				AAUUGCUU
D-3546	S-	6188	GCAAUUCAGUCUC	1046	A-2003	6188	UACAACGAGACUG	922
	1029		GUUGUACC				AAUUGCUU
D-3547	S-	6188	GCAAUUCAGACUC	1057	A-2003	6188	UACAACGAGACUG	922
	1036		GUUGUACC				AAUUGCUU
D-3548	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1018	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1002		UGCUUCCC				AGCAGGUU
D-3549	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1021	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1005		UGCUUGCC				AGCAGGUU
D-3550	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCACCA	1024	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1008		UGCUUACC				AGCAGGUU
D-3551	S-	6751	CCUGCUAGCUCCA	1027	A-2002	6751	UAAGCAUGGAGCU	920
	1011		UGCUUACC				AGCAGGUU

TABLE 5
Sense and antisense strand sequences of HTT dsRNA
							Anti-
			Sense				sense
			Strand				Strand
siRNA			Se-	SS			Se-	AS
Duplex	SS	Start	quence	SEQ		Start	quence	SEQ
ID	ID	SS	(5′-3′)	ID	AS ID	AS	(5′-3′)	ID
D-	S-	1391	GUUUAUG	1074	A-	1391	UUAACGU	917
3552	1051dt		AACUGAC		2000dt		CAGUUC
			GUUAAdT				AUAAACd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	2066	GUGUUAG	1075	A-	2066	UGUCGGU	919
3553	1052dt		ACGGUAC		2001dt		ACCGUC
			CGACAdT				UAACACd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	6751	CCUGCUA	1028	A-	6751	UAAGCAU	921
3554	l011dt		GCUCCAU		2002dt		GGAGCU
			CGUUAdT				AGCAGGd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	1032	AUAUCAG	1076	A-	1032	UUAAUCU	940
3555	1053dt		UAAAGAG		2012dt		CUUUAC
		2	AUUAAdT			2	UGAUAUd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	1386	UCCAGGU	1049	A-	1386	UUCAGUU	925
3556	lO3Odt		UUAUGAA		2004dt		CAUAAAC
			CUGAAdT				CUGGAdT
			dT				dT
D-	S-	1390	GGUUUAU	1077	A-	1390	UAACGUC	927
3557	1054dt		GAACUGA		2005dt		AGUUCA
			CGUUAdT				UAAACCd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	1429	CCACAAU	1078	A-	1429	UCCGGUC	929
3558	1055dt		GUUGUGA		2006dt		ACAACAU
			CCGGAdT				UGUGGdT
			dT				dT
D-	S-	2079	CCGACAA	1056	A-	2079	UCCAAAU	935
3559	1035dt		CCAGUAU		2009dt		ACUGGU
			UUGGAdT				UGUCGGd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	4544	GUCACAA	1079	A-	4544	UUGCACG	931
3560	1056dt		AGAACCG		2007dt		GUUCUU
			UGCAAdT				UGUGACd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	4597	UGAACCU	1054	A-	4597	UUUUAUA	933
3561	1034dt		CUUGUUA		2008dt		ACAAGA
			UAAAAdT				GGUUCAd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	6188	GCAAUUC	1047	A-	6188	UACAACG	923
3562	1029dt		AGUCUCG		2003dt		AGACUGA
			UUGUAdT				AUUGCdT
			dT				dT
D-	S-	4864	CAUUGGA	1069	A-	4864	UAUUUUA	937
3563	1047dt		AUUCCUA		2010dt		GGAAUU
			AAAUAdT				CCAAUGd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	4861	GAUCAUU	1071	A-	4861	UUUAGGA	939
3564	1048dt		GGAAUUC		2011dt		AUUCCA
			CUAAAdT				AUGAUCd
			dT				TdT
D-	S-	4864	CAUUGGA	1080	A-	4864	GAUUUUA	941
3565	1057dt		AUUCCUA		2013dt		GGAAUU
			AAAUCdT				CCAAUGd
			dT				TdT

TABLE 6
Antisense and Sense strand
sequences of HTT dsRNA
			Anti-
			sense				Sense
			Strand				Strand
siRNA			Se-	AS			Se-	SS
Duplex	AS	Start	quence	SEQ	SS	Start	quence	SEQ
ID	ID	AS	(5′-3′)	ID	ID	SS	(5′-3′)	ID
D-3569	S-	6751	CCUGCU	1083	A-	6751	UAAGCA	943
	1060		AGCUCC		2015		UGGAGC
			AUGCUU				UAGCAG
			AUU				GGU
D-3570	S-	6751	CCUGCU	1084	A-	6751	UAAGCA	920
	1061		AGCUCC		2002		UGGAGC
			AUGCUU				UAGCAG
			GUU				GUU

In other embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting Htt can be encoded in plasmid vectors, AAV particles, viral genome or other nucleic acid expression vectors for delivery to a cell.

DNA expression plasmids can be used to stably express the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA of the present invention targeting Htt in cells and achieve long-term inhibition of the target gene expression. In one aspect, the sense and antisense strands of a siRNA duplex are typically linked by a short spacer sequence leading to the expression of a stem-loop structure termed short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The hairpin is recognized and cleaved by Dicer, thus generating mature siRNA molecules.

According to the present invention, AAV particles comprising the nucleic acids encoding the siRNA molecules targeting HTT mRNA are produced, the AAV serotypes may be any of the serotypes listed in Table 1. Non-limiting examples of the AAV serotypes include, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.47, AAV9(hu14), AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ8, AAV-DJ, AAV-PHP.A, and/or AAV-PHP.B, and variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA of the present invention suppress (or degrade) HTT mRNA. Accordingly, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can be used to substantially inhibit HTT gene expression in a cell, for example a neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecules are designed and tested for their ability in reducing HTT mRNA levels in cultured cells. Such siRNA molecules may form a duplex such as, but not limited to, include those listed in Table 4, Table 5 or Table 6. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes may be siRNA duplex IDs: D-3500 to D-3570.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for HTT located in the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for HTT located in the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene do not comprise a seed match for HTT located in the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25% 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand or the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25% 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have high activity in vitro. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules may have low activity in vitro. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA targeting the HTT gene may have high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules targeting HTT have a high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro. The target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand may be at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5% or 100%. The target knock-down by the guide strand may be 40-50%, 45-50%, 50-55%, 50-60%, 60-65%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 60-99.5%, 60-100%, 65-70%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 65-99%, 65-99.5%, 65-100%, 70-75%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 70-99.5%, 70-100%, 75-80%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 75-99%, 75-99.5%, 75-100%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 80-99.5%, 80-100%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 85-99%, 85-99.5%, 85-100%, 90-95%, 90-99%, 90-99.5%, 90-100%, 95-99%, 95-99.5%, 95-100%, 99-99.5%, 99-100% or 99.5-100%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 70%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplex target HTT is designed so there is no miRNA seed match for the sense or antisense sequence to the non-Htt sequence.

In one embodiment, the IC₅₀ of the guide strand in the siRNA duplex targeting HTT for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the on-target gene, Htt. As a non-limiting example, if the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the target then the siRNA molecule is said to have high guide strand selectivity for inhibiting Htt in vitro.

In one embodiment, the 5′ processing of the guide strand of the siRNA duplex targeting HTT has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% of the time in vitro or in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vivo.

In one embodiment, a passenger-guide strand duplex for HTT is considered effective when the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate, by methods known in the art and described herein, greater than 2-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured. As a non-limiting examples, the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate great than 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 11-fold, 12-fold, 13-fold, 14-fold, 15-fold, or 2 to 5-fold, 2 to 10-fold, 2 to 15-fold, 3 to 5-fold, 3 to 10-fold, 3 to 15-fold, 4 to 5-fold, 4 to 10-fold, 4 to 15-fold, 5 to 10-fold, 5 to 15-fold, 6 to 10-fold, 6 to 15-fold, 7 to 10-fold, 7 to 15-fold, 8 to 10-fold, 8 to 15-fold, 9 to 10-fold, 9 to 15-fold, 10 to 15-fold, 11 to 15-fold, 12 to 15-fold, 13 to 15-fold, or 14 to 15-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting at least one exon on the htt sequence. The exon may be exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, exon 17, exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21, exon 22, exon 23, exon 24, exon 25, exon 26, exon 27, exon 28, exon 29, exon 30, exon 31, exon 32, exon 33, exon 34, exon 35, exon 36, exon 37, exon 38, exon 39, exon 40, exon 41, exon 42, exon 43, exon 44, exon 45, exon 46, exon 47, exon 48, exon 49, exon 50, exon 51, exon 52, exon 53, exon 54, exon 55, exon 56, exon 57, exon 58, exon 59, exon 60, exon 61, exon 62, exon 63, exon 64, exon 65, exon 66, and/or exon 67. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting an exon other than exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting exon 50. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting exon 67.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting at least one exon on the htt sequence. The exon may be exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, exon 17, exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21, exon 22, exon 23, exon 24, exon 25, exon 26, exon 27, exon 28, exon 29, exon 30, exon 31, exon 32, exon 33, exon 34, exon 35, exon 36, exon 37, exon 38, exon 39, exon 40, exon 41, exon 42, exon 43, exon 44, exon 45, exon 46, exon 47, exon 48, exon 49, exon 50, exon 51, exon 52, exon 53, exon 54, exon 55, exon 56, exon 57, exon 58, exon 59, exon 60, exon 61, exon 62, exon 63, exon 64, exon 65, exon 66, and/or exon 67. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting an exon other than exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting exon 50. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting exon 67.

Design and Sequences of siRNA Duplexes Targeting SOD1 Gene

The present invention provides small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes (and modulatory polynucleotides encoding them) that target SOD1 mRNA to interfere with SOD1 gene expression and/or SOD1 protein production.

The encoded siRNA duplex of the present invention contains an antisense strand and a sense strand hybridized together forming a duplex structure, wherein the antisense strand is complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted SOD1 gene, and wherein the sense strand is homologous to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted SOD1 gene. In some aspects, the 5′end of the antisense strand has a 5′ phosphate group and the 3′end of the sense strand contains a 3′hydroxyl group. In other aspects, there are none, one or 2 nucleotide overhangs at the 3′end of each strand.

Some guidelines for designing siRNAs have been proposed in the art. These guidelines generally recommend generating a 19-nucleotide duplexed region, symmetric 2-3 nucleotide 3′ overhangs, 5′-phosphate and 3′-hydroxyl groups targeting a region in the gene to be silenced. Other rules that may govern siRNA sequence preference include, but are not limited to, (i) A/U at the 5′ end of the antisense strand; (ii) G/C at the 5′ end of the sense strand; (iii) at least five A/U residues in the 5′ terminal one-third of the antisense strand; and (iv) the absence of any GC stretch of more than 9 nucleotides in length. In accordance with such consideration, together with the specific sequence of a target gene, highly effective siRNA molecules essential for suppressing the SOD1 gene expression may be readily designed.

According to the present invention, siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA) that target the SOD1 gene are designed. Such siRNA molecules can specifically, suppress SOD1 gene expression and protein production. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock out” SOD1 gene variants in cells, i.e., mutated SOD1 transcripts that are identified in patients with ALS disease. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock down” SOD1 gene variants in cells. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules are able to inhibit or suppress both the wild type and mutated SOD1 gene.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure. The antisense strand has sufficient complementarity to the SOD1 mRNA sequence to direct target-specific RNAi, i.e., the siRNA molecule has a sequence sufficient to trigger the destruction of the target mRNA by the RNAi machinery or process.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure and where the start site of the hybridization to the SOD1 mRNA is between nucleotide 15 and 1000 on the SOD1 mRNA sequence. As a non-limiting example, the start site may be between nucleotide 15-25, 15-50, 15-75, 15-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-70, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, and 950-1000 on the SOD1 mRNA sequence. As yet another non-limiting example, the start site may be nucleotide 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 74, 76, 77, 78, 149, 153, 157, 160, 177, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 206, 209, 210, 239, 241, 261, 263, 264, 268, 269, 276, 278, 281, 284, 290, 291, 295, 296, 316, 317, 329, 330, 337, 350, 351, 352, 354, 357, 358, 364, 375, 378, 383, 384, 390, 392, 395, 404, 406, 417, 418, 469, 470, 475, 476, 480, 487, 494, 496, 497, 501, 504, 515, 518, 522, 523, 524, 552, 554, 555, 562, 576, 577, 578, 579, 581, 583, 584, 585, 587, 588, 589, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 602, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 616, 621, 633, 635, 636, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 654, 660, 661, 666, 667, 668, 669, 673, 677, 692, 698, 699, 700, 701, 706, 749, 770, 772, 775, 781, 800, 804, 819, 829, 832, 833, 851, 854, 855, 857, 858, 859, 861, 869, 891, 892, 906, 907, 912, 913, 934, 944, and 947 on the SOD1 mRNA sequence.

In some embodiments, the antisense strand and target SOD1 mRNA sequences have 100% complementarity. The antisense strand may be complementary to any part of the target SOD1 mRNA sequence.

In other embodiments, the antisense strand and target SOD1 mRNA sequences comprise at least one mismatch. As a non-limiting example, the antisense strand and the target SOD1 mRNA sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, an siRNA or dsRNA targeting SOD1 includes at least two sequences that are complementary to each other.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecule targeting SOD1 has a length from about 10-50 or more nucleotides, i.e., each strand comprising 10-50 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs). Preferably, the siRNA molecule has a length from about 15-30, e.g., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides in each strand, wherein one of the strands is sufficiently complementarity to a target region. In one embodiment, each strand of the siRNA molecule has a length from about 19 to 25, 19 to 24 or 19 to 21 nucleotides. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 19 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 20 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 21 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 22 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 23 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 24 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 25 nucleotides in length.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting SOD1 can be synthetic RNA duplexes comprising about 19 nucleotides to about 25 nucleotides, and two overhanging nucleotides at the 3′-end. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules may be unmodified RNA molecules. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules may contain at least one modified nucleotide, such as base, sugar or backbone modifications.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting SOD1 may comprise a nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, the antisense (guide) sequences in Table 7 or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% of a nucleotide sequence in Table 7. As another non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or more than 21 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence in Table 7. As yet another non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises nucleotides 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 22, 2 to 21, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 3 to 22, 3 to 21, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 4 to 22, 4 to 21, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 5 to 22, 5 to 21, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15, 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 22, 6 to 21, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 7 to 22, 7 to 21, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18, 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 8 to 22, 8 to 21, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 9 to 22, 9 to 21, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18, 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 10 to 22, 10 to 21, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 11 to 22, 11 to 21, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17, 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 12 to 22, 12 to 21, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 13 to 22, 13 to 21, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 14 to 22, 14 to 21, 14 to 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 15 to 22, 15 to 21, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 16 to 22, 16 to 21, 16 to 20, 17 to 22, 17 to 21, or 18 to 22 of the sequences in Table 7.

TABLE 7
Antisense Sequences
	Antisense		SEQ
	ID	Sequence	ID NO
	A-3000	UUUAUAGGCCAGACCUCCGdTdT	1164
	A-3001	UUUUAUAGGCCAGACCUCCdTdT	1165
	A-3002	UCUUUAUAGGCCAGACCUCdTdT	1166
	A-3003	UACUUUAUAGGCCAGACCUdTdT	1167
	A-3004	UUACUUUAUAGGCCAGACCdTdT	1168
	A-3005	UACUACUUUAUAGGCCAGAdTdT	1169
	A-3006	UGACUACUUUAUAGGCCAGdTdT	1170
	A-3007	UCGACUACUUUAUAGGCCAdTdT	1171
	A-3008	UGCGACUACUUUAUAGGCCdTdT	1172
	A-3009	UCGCGACUACUUUAUAGGCdTdT	1173
	A-3010	UCCGCGACUACUUUAUAGGdTdT	1174
	A-3011	UGCUGCAGGAGACUACGACdTdT	1175
	A-3012	UACGCUGCAGGAGACUACGdTdT	1176
	A-3013	UGACGCUGCAGGAGACUACdTdT	1177
	A-3014	UAGACGCUGCAGGAGACUAdTdT	1178
	A-3015	UCACGGCCUUCGUCGCCAUdTdT	1179
	A-3016	UCGCACACGGCCUUCGUCGdTdT	1180
	A-3017	UAGCACGCACACGGCCUUCdTdT	1181
	A-3018	UUUCAGCACGCACACGGCCdTdT	1182
	A-3019	UGCACUGGGCCGUCGCCCUdTdT	1183
	A-3020	UAAUUGAUGAUGCCCUGCAdTdT	1184
	A-3021	UAAAUUGAUGAUGCCCUGCdTdT	1185
	A-3022	UCGAAAUUGAUGAUGCCCUdTdT	1186
	A-3023	UUCGAAAUUGAUGAUGCCCdTdT	1187
	A-3024	UCUCGAAAUUGAUGAUGCCdTdT	1188
	A-3025	UGCUCGAAAUUGAUGAUGCdTdT	1189
	A-3026	UUGCUCGAAAUUGAUGAUGdTdT	1190
	A-3027	UUUCCUUCUGCUCGAAAUUdTdT	1191
	A-3028	UACUUUCCUUCUGCUCGAAdTdT	1192
	A-3029	UUACUUUCCUUCUGCUCGAdTdT	1193
	A-3030	UAAUGCUUCCCCACACCUUdTdT	1194
	A-3031	UUUAAUGCUUCCCCACACCdTdT	1195
	A-3032	UGCAGGCCUUCAGUCAGUCdTdT	1196
	A-3033	UAUGCAGGCCUUCAGUCAGdTdT	1197
	A-3034	UCAUGCAGGCCUUCAGUCAdTdT	1198
	A-3035	UAAUCCAUGCAGGCCUUCAdTdT	1199
	A-3036	UGAAUCCAUGCAGGCCUUCdTdT	1200
	A-3037	UGAACAUGGAAUCCAUGCAdTdT	1201
	A-3038	UAUGAACAUGGAAUCCAUGdTdT	1202
	A-3039	UCUCAUGAACAUGGAAUCCdTdT	1203
	A-3040	UAAACUCAUGAACAUGGAAdTdT	1204
	A-3041	UAUCUCCAAACUCAUGAACdTdT	1205
	A-3042	UUAUCUCCAAACUCAUGAAdTdT	1206
	A-3043	UGUAUUAUCUCCAAACUCAdTdT	1207
	A-3044	UUGUAUUAUCUCCAAACUCdTdT	1208
	A-3045	UCCUGCACUGGUACAGCCUdTdT	1209
	A-3046	UACCUGCACUGGUACAGCCdTdT	1210
	A-3047	UAUUAAAGUGAGGACCUGCdTdT	1211
	A-3048	UGAUUAAAGUGAGGACCUGdTdT	1212
	A-3049	UGAUAGAGGAUUAAAGUGAdTdT	1213
	A-3050	UACCGUGUUUUCUGGAUAGdTdT	1214
	A-3051	UCACCGUGUUUUCUGGAUAdTdT	1215
	A-3052	UCCACCGUGUUUUCUGGAUdTdT	1216
	A-3053	UGCCCACCGUGUUUUCUGGdTdT	1217
	A-3054	UUUGGCCCACCGUGUUUUCdTdT	1218
	A-3055	UUUUGGCCCACCGUGUUUUdTdT	1219
	A-3056	UUCAUCCUUUGGCCCACCGdTdT	1220
	A-3057	UCAUGCCUCUCUUCAUCCUdTdT	1221
	A-3058	UCAACAUGCCUCUCUUCAUdTdT	1222
	A-3059	UGUCUCCAACAUGCCUCUCdTdT	1223
	A-3060	UAGUCUCCAACAUGCCUCUdTdT	1224
	A-3061	UUGCCCAAGUCUCCAACAUdTdT	1225
	A-3062	UAUUGCCCAAGUCUCCAACdTdT	1226
	A-3063	UCACAUUGCCCAAGUCUCCdTdT	1227
	A-3064	UGUCAGCAGUCACAUUGCCdTdT	1228
	A-3065	UUUGUCAGCAGUCACAUUGdTdT	1229
	A-3066	UCCACACCAUCUUUGUCAGdTdT	1230
	A-3067	UGCCACACCAUCUUUGUCAdTdT	1231
	A-3068	UAUGCAAUGGUCUCCUGAGdTdT	1232
	A-3069	UGAUGCAAUGGUCUCCUGAdTdT	1233
	A-3070	UCCAAUGAUGCAAUGGUCUdTdT	1234
	A-3071	UGCCAAUGAUGCAAUGGUCdTdT	1235
	A-3072	UUGCGGCCAAUGAUGCAAUdTdT	1236
	A-3073	UACCAGUGUGCGGCCAAUGdTdT	1237
	A-3074	UAUGGACCACCAGUGUGCGdTdT	1238
	A-3075	UUCAUGGACCACCAGUGUGdTdT	1239
	A-3076	UUUCAUGGACCACCAGUGUdTdT	1240
	A-3077	UCUUUUUCAUGGACCACCAdTdT	1241
	A-3078	UCUGCUUUUUCAUGGACCAdTdT	1242
	A-3079	UGCCCAAGUCAUCUGCUUUdTdT	1243
	A-3080	UUUUGCCCAAGUCAUCUGCdTdT	1244
	A-3081	UCACCUUUGCCCAAGUCAUdTdT	1245
	A-3082	UCCACCUUUGCCCAAGUCAdTdT	1246
	A-3083	UUCCACCUUUGCCCAAGUCdTdT	1247
	A-3084	UCGUUUCCUGUCUUUGUACdTdT	1248
	A-3085	UAGCGUUUCCUGUCUUUGUdTdT	1249
	A-3086	UCAGCGUUUCCUGUCUUUGdTdT	1250
	A-3087	UCGACUUCCAGCGUUUCCUdTdT	1251
	A-3088	UCACCACAAGCCAAACGACdTdT	1252
	A-3089	UACACCACAAGCCAAACGAdTdT	1253
	A-3090	UUACACCACAAGCCAAACGdTdT	1254
	A-3091	UUUACACCACAAGCCAAACdTdT	1255
	A-3092	UAAUUACACCACAAGCCAAdTdT	1256
	A-3093	UCCAAUUACACCACAAGCCdTdT	1257
	A-3094	UCCCAAUUACACCACAAGCdTdT	1258
	A-3095	UUCCCAAUUACACCACAAGdTdT	1259
	A-3096	UGAUCCCAAUUACACCACAdTdT	1260
	A-3097	UCGAUCCCAAUUACACCACdTdT	1261
	A-3098	UGCGAUCCCAAUUACACCAdTdT	1262
	A-3099	UUUGGGCGAUCCCAAUUACdTdT	1263
	A-3100	UAUUGGGCGAUCCCAAUUAdTdT	1264
	A-3101	UUAUUGGGCGAUCCCAAUUdTdT	1265
	A-3102	UUUAUUGGGCGAUCCCAAUdTdT	1266
	A-3103	UUUUAUUGGGCGAUCCCAAdTdT	1267
	A-3104	UGUUUAUUGGGCGAUCCCAdTdT	1268
	A-3105	UUGUUUAUUGGGCGAUCCCdTdT	1269
	A-3106	UGAAUGUUUAUUGGGCGAUdTdT	1270
	A-3107	UCAAGGGAAUGUUUAUUGGdTdT	1271
	A-3108	UCCAAGGGAAUGUUUAUUGdTdT	1272
	A-3109	UUCCAAGGGAAUGUUUAUUdTdT	1273
	A-3110	UAUCCAAGGGAAUGUUUAUdTdT	1274
	A-3111	UCAUCCAAGGGAAUGUUUAdTdT	1275
	A-3112	UACAUCCAAGGGAAUGUUUdTdT	1276
	A-3113	UUACAUCCAAGGGAAUGUUdTdT	1277
	A-3114	UGACUACAUCCAAGGGAAUdTdT	1278
	A-3115	UCCUCAGACUACAUCCAAGdTdT	1279
	A-3116	UUGAGUUAAGGGGCCUCAGdTdT	1280
	A-3117	UGAUGAGUUAAGGGGCCUCdTdT	1281
	A-3118	UAGAUGAGUUAAGGGGCCUdTdT	1282
	A-3119	UAACAGAUGAGUUAAGGGGdTdT	1283
	A-3120	UUAACAGAUGAGUUAAGGGdTdT	1284
	A-3121	UAUAACAGAUGAGUUAAGGdTdT	1285
	A-3122	UGAUAACAGAUGAGUUAAGdTdT	1286
	A-3123	UGGAUAACAGAUGAGUUAAdTdT	1287
	A-3124	UAGGAUAACAGAUGAGUUAdTdT	1288
	A-3125	UCAGGAUAACAGAUGAGUUdTdT	1289
	A-3126	UUACAGCUAGCAGGAUAACdTdT	1290
	A-3127	UCAUUUCUACAGCUAGCAGdTdT	1291
	A-3128	UACAUUUCUACAGCUAGCAdTdT	1292
	A-3129	UAGGAUACAUUUCUACAGCdTdT	1293
	A-3130	UCAGGAUACAUUUCUACAGdTdT	1294
	A-3131	UUCAGGAUACAUUUCUACAdTdT	1295
	A-3132	UAUCAGGAUACAUUUCUACdTdT	1296
	A-3133	UGUUUAUCAGGAUACAUUUdTdT	1297
	A-3134	UUAAUGUUUAUCAGGAUACdTdT	1298
	A-3135	UUAAGAUUACAGUGUUUAAdTdT	1299
	A-3136	UCACUUUUAAGAUUACAGUdTdT	1300
	A-3137	UACACUUUUAAGAUUACAGdTdT	1301
	A-3138	UUACACUUUUAAGAUUACAdTdT	1302
	A-3139	UUUACACUUUUAAGAUUACdTdT	1303
	A-3140	UCACAAUUACACUUUUAAGdTdT	1304
	A-3141	UAGUUUCUCACUACAGGUAdTdT	1305
	A-3142	UUCUUCCAAGUGAUCAUAAdTdT	1306
	A-3143	UAAUCUUCCAAGUGAUCAUdTdT	1307
	A-3144	UACAAAUCUUCCAAGUGAUdTdT	1308
	A-3145	UAACUAUACAAAUCUUCCAdTdT	1309
	A-3146	UUUUUAACUGAGUUUUAUAdTdT	1310
	A-3147	UGACAUUUUAACUGAGUUUdTdT	1311
	A-3148	UCAGGUCAUUGAAACAGACdTdT	1312
	A-3149	UUGGCAAAAUACAGGUCAUdTdT	1313
	A-3150	UGUCUGGCAAAAUACAGGUdTdT	1314
	A-3151	UAGUCUGGCAAAAUACAGGdTdT	1315
	A-3152	UAUACCCAUCUGUGAUUUAdTdT	1316
	A-3153	UUUAAUACCCAUCUGUGAUdTdT	1317
	A-3154	UUUUAAUACCCAUCUGUGAdTdT	1318
	A-3155	UAGUUUAAUACCCAUCUGUdTdT	1319
	A-3156	UAAGUUUAAUACCCAUCUGdTdT	1320
	A-3157	UCAAGUUUAAUACCCAUCUdTdT	1321
	A-3158	UGACAAGUUUAAUACCCAUdTdT	1322
	A-3159	UGAAAUUCUGACAAGUUUAdTdT	1323
	A-3160	UAUUCACAGGCUUGAAUGAdTdT	1324
	A-3161	UUAUUCACAGGCUUGAAUGdTdT	1325
	A-3162	UCCAUACAGGGUUUUUAUUdTdT	1326
	A-3163	UGCCAUACAGGGUUUUUAUdTdT	1327
	A-3164	UUAAGUGCCAUACAGGGUUdTdT	1328
	A-3165	UAUAAGUGCCAUACAGGGUdTdT	1329
	A-3166	UGAUUCUUUUAAUAGCCUCdTdT	1330
	A-3167	UUUUGAAUUUGGAUUCUUUdTdT	1331
	A-3168	UUAGUUUGAAUUUGGAUUCdTdT	1332

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting SOD1 may comprise a nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, the sense (passenger) sequences in Table 8 or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% of a nucleotide sequence in Table 8. As another non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or more than 21 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence in Table 8. As yet another non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises nucleotides 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 22, 2 to 21, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 3 to 22, 3 to 21, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 4 to 22, 4 to 21, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 5 to 22, 5 to 21, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15, 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 22, 6 to 21, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 7 to 22, 7 to 21, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18, 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 8 to 22, 8 to 21, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 9 to 22, 9 to 21, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18, 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 10 to 22, 10 to 21, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 11 to 22, 11 to 21, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17, 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 12 to 22, 12 to 21, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 13 to 22, 13 to 21, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 14 to 22, 14 to 21, 14 to 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 15 to 22, 15 to 21, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 16 to 22, 16 to 21, 16 to 20, 17 to 22, 17 to 21, or 18 to 22 of the sequences in Table 8.

TABLE 8
Sense Sequences
			SEQ
	Sense		ID
	ID	Sequence	NO
	S-3000	CGGAGGUCUGGCCUAUAACdTdT	1333
	S-3001	GGAGGUCUGGCCUAUAAACdTdT	1334
	S-3002	GAGGUCUGGCCUAUAAAGCdTdT	1335
	S-3003	AGGUCUGGCCUAUAAAGUCdTdT	1336
	S-3004	GGUCUGGCCUAUAAAGUACdTdT	1337
	S-3005	UCUGGCCUAUAAAGUAGUCdTdT	1338
	S-3006	CUGGCCUAUAAAGUAGUCCdTdT	1339
	S-3007	UGGCCUAUAAAGUAGUCGCdTdT	1340
	S-3008	GGCCUAUAAAGUAGUCGCCdTdT	1341
	S-3009	GCCUAUAAAGUAGUCGCGCdTdT	1342
	S-3010	CCUAUAAAGUAGUCGCGGCdTdT	1343
	S-3011	GUCGUAGUCUCCUGCAGCCdTdT	1344
	S-3012	CGUAGUCUCCUGCAGCGUCdTdT	1345
	S-3013	GUAGUCUCCUGCAGCGUCCdTdT	1346
	S-3014	UAGUCUCCUGCAGCGUCUCdTdT	1347
	S-3015	AUGGCGACGAAGGCCGUGCdTdT	1348
	S-3016	CGACGAAGGCCGUGUGCGCdTdT	1349
	S-3017	GAAGGCCGUGUGCGUGCUCdTdT	1350
	S-3018	GGCCGUGUGCGUGCUGAACdTdT	1351
	S-3019	AGGGCGACGGCCCAGUGCCdTdT	1352
	S-3020	UGCAGGGCAUCAUCAAUUCdTdT	1353
	S-3021	GCAGGGCAUCAUCAAUUUCdTdT	1354
	S-3022	AGGGCAUCAUCAAUUUCGCdTdT	1355
	S-3023	GGGCAUCAUCAAUUUCGACdTdT	1356
	S-3024	GGCAUCAUCAAUUUCGAGCdTdT	1357
	S-3025	GCAUCAUCAAUUUCGAGCCdTdT	1358
	S-3026	CAUCAUCAAUUUCGAGCACdTdT	1359
	S-3027	AAUUUCGAGCAGAAGGAACdTdT	1360
	S-3028	UUCGAGCAGAAGGAAAGUCdTdT	1361
	S-3029	UCGAGCAGAAGGAAAGUACdTdT	1362
	S-3030	AAGGUGUGGGGAAGCAUUCdTdT	1363
	S-3031	GGUGUGGGGAAGCAUUAACdTdT	1364
	S-3032	GACUGACUGAAGGCCUGCCdTdT	1365
	S-3033	CUGACUGAAGGCCUGCAUCdTdT	1366
	S-3034	UGACUGAAGGCCUGCAUGCdTdT	1367
	S-3035	UGAAGGCCUGCAUGGAUUCdTdT	1368
	S-3036	GAAGGCCUGCAUGGAUUCCdTdT	1369
	S-3037	UGCAUGGAUUCCAUGUUCCdTdT	1370
	S-3038	CAUGGAUUCCAUGUUCAUCdTdT	1371
	S-3039	GGAUUCCAUGUUCAUGAGCdTdT	1372
	S-3040	UUCCAUGUUCAUGAGUUUCdTdT	1373
	S-3041	GUUCAUGAGUUUGGAGAUCdTdT	1374
	S-3042	UUCAUGAGUUUGGAGAUACdTdT	1375
	S-3043	UGAGUUUGGAGAUAAUACCdTdT	1376
	S-3044	GAGUUUGGAGAUAAUACACdTdT	1377
	S-3045	AGGCUGUACCAGUGCAGGCdTdT	1378
	S-3046	GGCUGUACCAGUGCAGGUCdTdT	1379
	S-3047	GCAGGUCCUCACUUUAAUCdTdT	1380
	S-3048	CAGGUCCUCACUUUAAUCCdTdT	1381
	S-3049	UCACUUUAAUCCUCUAUCCdTdT	1382
	S-3050	CUAUCCAGAAAACACGGUCdTdT	1383
	S-3051	UAUCCAGAAAACACGGUGCdTdT	1384
	S-3052	AUCCAGAAAACACGGUGGCdTdT	1385
	S-3053	CCAGAAAACACGGUGGGCCdTdT	1386
	S-3054	GAAAACACGGUGGGCCAACdTdT	1387
	S-3055	AAAACACGGUGGGCCAAACdTdT	1388
	S-3056	CGGUGGGCCAAAGGAUGACdTdT	1389
	S-3057	AGGAUGAAGAGAGGCAUGCdTdT	1390
	S-3058	AUGAAGAGAGGCAUGUUGCdTdT	1391
	S-3059	GAGAGGCAUGUUGGAGACCdTdT	1392
	S-3060	AGAGGCAUGUUGGAGACUCdTdT	1393
	S-3061	AUGUUGGAGACUUGGGCACdTdT	1394
	S-3062	GUUGGAGACUUGGGCAAUCdTdT	1395
	S-3063	GGAGACUUGGGCAAUGUGCdTdT	1396
	S-3064	GGCAAUGUGACUGCUGACCdTdT	1397
	S-3065	CAAUGUGACUGCUGACAACdTdT	1398
	S-3066	CUGACAAAGAUGGUGUGGCdTdT	1399
	S-3067	UGACAAAGAUGGUGUGGCCdTdT	1400
	S-3068	CUCAGGAGACCAUUGCAUCdTdT	1401
	S-3069	UCAGGAGACCAUUGCAUCCdTdT	1402
	S-3070	AGACCAUUGCAUCAUUGGCdTdT	1403
	S-3071	GACCAUUGCAUCAUUGGCCdTdT	1404
	S-3072	AUUGCAUCAUUGGCCGCACdTdT	1405
	S-3073	CAUUGGCCGCACACUGGUCdTdT	1406
	S-3074	CGCACACUGGUGGUCCAUCdTdT	1407
	S-3075	CACACUGGUGGUCCAUGACdTdT	1408
	S-3076	ACACUGGUGGUCCAUGAACdTdT	1409
	S-3077	UGGUGGUCCAUGAAAAAGCdTdT	1410
	S-3078	UGGUCCAUGAAAAAGCAGCdTdT	1411
	S-3079	AAAGCAGAUGACUUGGGCCdTdT	1412
	S-3080	GCAGAUGACUUGGGCAAACdTdT	1413
	S-3081	AUGACUUGGGCAAAGGUGCdTdT	1414
	S-3082	UGACUUGGGCAAAGGUGGCdTdT	1415
	S-3083	GACUUGGGCAAAGGUGGACdTdT	1416
	S-3084	GUACAAAGACAGGAAACGCdTdT	1417
	S-3085	ACAAAGACAGGAAACGCUCdTdT	1418
	S-3086	CAAAGACAGGAAACGCUGCdTdT	1419
	S-3087	AGGAAACGCUGGAAGUCGCdTdT	1420
	S-3088	GUCGUUUGGCUUGUGGUGCdTdT	1421
	S-3089	UCGUUUGGCUUGUGGUGUCdTdT	1422
	S-3090	CGUUUGGCUUGUGGUGUACdTdT	1423
	S-3091	GUUUGGCUUGUGGUGUAACdTdT	1424
	S-3092	UUGGCUUGUGGUGUAAUUCdTdT	1425
	S-3093	GGCUUGUGGUGUAAUUGGCdTdT	1426
	S-3094	GCUUGUGGUGUAAUUGGGCdTdT	1427
	S-3095	CUUGUGGUGUAAUUGGGACdTdT	1428
	S-3096	UGUGGUGUAAUUGGGAUCCdTdT	1429
	S-3097	GUGGUGUAAUUGGGAUCGCdTdT	1430
	S-3098	UGGUGUAAUUGGGAUCGCCdTdT	1431
	S-3099	GUAAUUGGGAUCGCCCAACdTdT	1432
	S-3100	UAAUUGGGAUCGCCCAAUCdTdT	1433
	S-3101	AAUUGGGAUCGCCCAAUACdTdT	1434
	S-3102	AUUGGGAUCGCCCAAUAACdTdT	1435
	S-3103	UUGGGAUCGCCCAAUAAACdTdT	1436
	S-3104	UGGGAUCGCCCAAUAAACCdTdT	1437
	S-3105	GGGAUCGCCCAAUAAACACdTdT	1438
	S-3106	AUCGCCCAAUAAACAUUCCdTdT	1439
	S-3107	CCAAUAAACAUUCCCUUGCdTdT	1440
	S-3108	CAAUAAACAUUCCCUUGGCdTdT	1441
	S-3109	AAUAAACAUUCCCUUGGACdTdT	1442
	S-3110	AUAAACAUUCCCUUGGAUCdTdT	1443
	S-3111	UAAACAUUCCCUUGGAUGCdTdT	1444
	S-3112	AAACAUUCCCUUGGAUGUCdTdT	1445
	S-3113	AACAUUCCCUUGGAUGUACdTdT	1446
	S-3114	AUUCCCUUGGAUGUAGUCCdTdT	1447
	S-3115	CUUGGAUGUAGUCUGAGGCdTdT	1448
	S-3116	CUGAGGCCCCUUAACUCACdTdT	1449
	S-3117	GAGGCCCCUUAACUCAUCCdTdT	1450
	S-3118	AGGCCCCUUAACUCAUCUCdTdT	1451
	S-3119	CCCCUUAACUCAUCUGUUCdTdT	1452
	S-3120	CCCUUAACUCAUCUGUUACdTdT	1453
	S-3121	CCUUAACUCAUCUGUUAUCdTdT	1454
	S-3122	CUUAACUCAUCUGUUAUCCdTdT	1455
	S-3123	UUAACUCAUCUGUUAUCCCdTdT	1456
	S-3124	UAACUCAUCUGUUAUCCUCdTdT	1457
	S-3125	AACUCAUCUGUUAUCCUGCdTdT	1458
	S-3126	GUUAUCCUGCUAGCUGUACdTdT	1459
	S-3127	CUGCUAGCUGUAGAAAUGCdTdT	1460
	S-3128	UGCUAGCUGUAGAAAUGUCdTdT	1461
	S-3129	GCUGUAGAAAUGUAUCCUCdTdT	1462
	S-3130	CUGUAGAAAUGUAUCCUGCdTdT	1463
	S-3131	UGUAGAAAUGUAUCCUGACdTdT	1464
	S-3132	GUAGAAAUGUAUCCUGAUCdTdT	1465
	S-3133	AAAUGUAUCCUGAUAAACCdTdT	1466
	S-3134	GUAUCCUGAUAAACAUUACdTdT	1467
	S-3135	UUAAACACUGUAAUCUUACdTdT	1468
	S-3136	ACUGUAAUCUUAAAAGUGCdTdT	1469
	S-3137	CUGUAAUCUUAAAAGUGUCdTdT	1470
	S-3138	UGUAAUCUUAAAAGUGUACdTdT	1471
	S-3139	GUAAUCUUAAAAGUGUAACdTdT	1472
	S-3140	CUUAAAAGUGUAAUUGUGCdTdT	1473
	S-3141	UACCUGUAGUGAGAAACUCdTdT	1474
	S-3142	UUAUGAUCACUUGGAAGACdTdT	1475
	S-3143	AUGAUCACUUGGAAGAUUCdTdT	1476
	S-3144	AUCACUUGGAAGAUUUGUCdTdT	1477
	S-3145	UGGAAGAUUUGUAUAGUUCdTdT	1478
	S-3146	UAUAAAACUCAGUUAAAACdTdT	1479
	S-3147	AAACUCAGUUAAAAUGUCCdTdT	1480
	S-3148	GUCUGUUUCAAUGACCUGCdTdT	1481
	S-3149	AUGACCUGUAUUUUGCCACdTdT	1482
	S-3150	ACCUGUAUUUUGCCAGACCdTdT	1483
	S-3151	CCUGUAUUUUGCCAGACUCdTdT	1484
	S-3152	UAAAUCACAGAUGGGUAUCdTdT	1485
	S-3153	AUCACAGAUGGGUAUUAACdTdT	1486
	S-3154	UCACAGAUGGGUAUUAAACdTdT	1487
	S-3155	ACAGAUGGGUAUUAAACUCdTdT	1488
	S-3156	CAGAUGGGUAUUAAACUUCdTdT	1489
	S-3157	AGAUGGGUAUUAAACUUGCdTdT	1490
	S-3158	AUGGGUAUUAAACUUGUCCdTdT	1491
	S-3159	UAAACUUGUCAGAAUUUCCdTdT	1492
	S-3160	UCAUUCAAGCCUGUGAAUCdTdT	1493
	S-3161	CAUUCAAGCCUGUGAAUACdTdT	1494
	S-3162	AAUAAAAACCCUGUAUGGCdTdT	1495
	S-3163	AUAAAAACCCUGUAUGGCCdTdT	1496
	S-3164	AACCCUGUAUGGCACUUACdTdT	1497
	S-3165	ACCCUGUAUGGCACUUAUCdTdT	1498
	S-3166	GAGGCUAUUAAAAGAAUCCdTdT	1499
	S-3167	AAAGAAUCCAAAUUCAAACdTdT	1500
	S-3168	GAAUCCAAAUUCAAACUACdTdT	1501

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting SOD1 may comprise an antisense sequence from Table 7 and a sense sequence from Table 8, or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence and the sense sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting SOD1 may comprise the sense and antisense siRNA duplex as described in Table 9. As a non-limiting example, these siRNA duplexes may be tested for in vitro inhibitory activity on endogenous SOD1 gene expression. The start site for the sense and antisense sequence is compared to SOD1 gene sequence known as NM_000454.4 (SEQ ID NO: 1502) from NCBI.

TABLE 9
Sense and antisense strand sequences of SOD1 dsRNA
		Sense			Antisense
siRNA		Strand			Strand
Duplex		Sequence	SS		Sequence	AS
ID	SS ID	(5′-3′)	SEQ ID	AS ID	(5′-3′)	SEQ ID
D-2741	S-3000	CGGAGGUCUGGCCU	1333	A-3000	UUUAUAGGCCAGA	1164
		AUAACdTdT			CCUCCGdTdT
D-2742	S-3001	GGAGGUCUGGCCUA	1334	A-3001	UUUUAUAGGCCAG	1165
		UAAACdTdT			ACCUCCdTdT
D-2743	S-3002	GAGGUCUGGCCUAU	1335	A-3002	UCUUUAUAGGCCA	1166
		AAAGCdTdT			GACCUCdTdT
D-2744	S-3003	AGGUCUGGCCUAUA	1336	A-3003	UACUUUAUAGGCC	1167
		AAGUCdTdT			AGACCUdTdT
D-2745	S-3004	GGUCUGGCCUAUAA	1337	A-3004	UUACUUUAUAGGC	1168
		AGUACdTdT			CAGACCdTdT
D-2746	S-3005	UCUGGCCUAUAAAG	1338	A-3005	UACUACUUUAUAG	1169
		UAGUCdTdT			GCCAGAdTdT
D-2747	S-3006	CUGGCCUAUAAAGU	1339	A-3006	UGACUACUUUAUA	1170
		AGUCCdTdT			GGCCAGdTdT
D-2748	S-3007	UGGCCUAUAAAGUA	1340	A-3007	UCGACUACUUUAU	1171
		GUCGCdTdT			AGGCCAdTdT
D-2749	S-3008	GGCCUAUAAAGUAG	1341	A-3008	UGCGACUACUUUA	1172
		UCGCCdTdT			UAGGCCdTdT
D-2750	S-3009	GCCUAUAAAGUAGU	1342	A-3009	UCGCGACUACUUU	1173
		CGCGCdTdT			AUAGGCdTdT
D-2751	S-3010	CCUAUAAAGUAGUC	1343	A-3010	UCCGCGACUACUU	1174
		GCGGCdTdT			UAUAGGdTdT
D-2752	S-3011	GUCGUAGUCUCCUG	1344	A-3011	UGCUGCAGGAGAC	1175
		CAGCCdTdT			UACGACdTdT
D-2753	S-3012	CGUAGUCUCCUGCA	1345	A-3012	UACGCUGCAGGAG	1176
		GCGUCdTdT			ACUACGdTdT
D-2754	S-3013	GUAGUCUCCUGCAG	1346	A-3013	UGACGCUGCAGGA	1177
		CGUCCdTdT			GACUACdTdT
D-2755	S-3014	UAGUCUCCUGCAGC	1347	A-3014	UAGACGCUGCAGG	1178
		GUCUCdTdT			AGACUAdTdT
D-2756	S-3015	AUGGCGACGAAGGC	1348	A-3015	UCACGGCCUUCGU	1179
		CGUGCdTdT			CGCCAUdTdT
D-2757	S-3016	CGACGAAGGCCGUG	1349	A-3016	UCGCACACGGCCU	1180
		UGCGCdTdT			UCGUCGdTdT
D-2758	S-3017	GAAGGCCGUGUGCG	1350	A-3017	UAGCACGCACACG	1181
		UGCUCdTdT			GCCUUCdTdT
D-2759	S-3018	GGCCGUGUGCGUGC	1351	A-3018	UUUCAGCACGCAC	1182
		UGAACdTdT			ACGGCCdTdT
D-2760	S-3019	AGGGCGACGGCCCA	1352	A-3019	UGCACUGGGCCGU	1183
		GUGCCdTdT			CGCCCUdTdT
D-2761	S-3020	UGCAGGGCAUCAUC	1353	A-3020	UAAUUGAUGAUGC	1184
		AAUUCdTdT			CCUGCAdTdT
D-2762	S-3021	GCAGGGCAUCAUCA	1354	A-3021	UAAAUUGAUGAUG	1185
		AUUUCdTdT			CCCUGCdTdT
D-2763	S-3022	AGGGCAUCAUCAAU	1355	A-3022	UCGAAAUUGAUGA	1186
		UUCGCdTdT			UGCCCUdTdT
D-2764	S-3023	GGGCAUCAUCAAUU	1356	A-3023	UUCGAAAUUGAUG	1187
		UCGACdTdT			AUGCCCdTdT
D-2765	S-3024	GGCAUCAUCAAUUU	1357	A-3024	UCUCGAAAUUGAU	1188
		CGAGCdTdT			GAUGCCdTdT
D-2766	S-3025	GCAUCAUCAAUUUC	1358	A-3025	UGCUCGAAAUUGA	1189
		GAGCCdTdT			UGAUGCdTdT
D-2767	S-3026	CAUCAUCAAUUUCG	1359	A-3026	UUGCUCGAAAUUG	1190
		AGCACdTdT			AUGAUGdTdT
D-2768	S-3027	AAUUUCGAGCAGAA	1360	A-3027	UUUCCUUCUGCUC	1191
		GGAACdTdT			GAAAUUdTdT
D-2769	S-3028	UUCGAGCAGAAGGA	1361	A-3028	UACUUUCCUUCUG	1192
		AAGUCdTdT			CUCGAAdTdT
D-2770	S-3029	UCGAGCAGAAGGAA	1362	A-3029	UUACUUUCCUUCU	1193
		AGUACdTdT			GCUCGAdTdT
D-2771	S-3030	AAGGUGUGGGGAAG	1363	A-3030	UAAUGCUUCCCCA	1194
		CAUUCdTdT			CACCUUdTdT
D-2772	S-3031	GGUGUGGGGAAGCA	1364	A-3031	UUUAAUGCUUCCC	1195
		UUAACdTdT			CACACCdTdT
D-2773	S-3032	GACUGACUGAAGGC	1365	A-3032	UGCAGGCCUUCAG	1196
		CUGCCdTdT			UCAGUCdTdT
D-2774	S-3033	CUGACUGAAGGCCU	1366	A-3033	UAUGCAGGCCUUC	1197
		GCAUCdTdT			AGUCAGdTdT
D-2775	S-3034	UGACUGAAGGCCUG	1367	A-3034	UCAUGCAGGCCUU	1198
		CAUGCdTdT			CAGUCAdTdT
D-2776	S-3035	UGAAGGCCUGCAUG	1368	A-3035	UAAUCCAUGCAGG	1199
		GAUUCdTdT			CCUUCAdTdT
D-2777	S-3036	GAAGGCCUGCAUGG	1369	A-3036	UGAAUCCAUGCAG	1200
		AUUCCdTdT			GCCUUCdTdT
D-2778	S-3037	UGCAUGGAUUCCAU	1370	A-3037	UGAACAUGGAAUC	1201
		GUUCCdTdT			CAUGCAdTdT
D-2779	S-3038	CAUGGAUUCCAUGU	1371	A-3038	UAUGAACAUGGAA	1202
		UCAUCdTdT			UCCAUGdTdT
D-2780	S-3039	GGAUUCCAUGUUCA	1372	A-3039	UCUCAUGAACAUG	1203
		UGAGCdTdT			GAAUCCdTdT
D-2781	S-3040	UUCCAUGUUCAUGA	1373	A-3040	UAAACUCAUGAAC	1204
		GUUUCdTdT			AUGGAAdTdT
D-2782	S-3041	GUUCAUGAGUUUGG	1374	A-3041	UAUCUCCAAACUC	1205
		AGAUCdTdT			AUGAACdTdT
D-2783	S-3042	UUCAUGAGUUUGGA	1375	A-3042	UUAUCUCCAAACU	1206
		GAUACdTdT			CAUGAAdTdT
D-2784	S-3043	UGAGUUUGGAGAUA	1376	A-3043	UGUAUUAUCUCCA	1207
		AUACCdTdT			AACUCAdTdT
D-2785	S-3044	GAGUUUGGAGAUAA	1377	A-3044	UUGUAUUAUCUCC	1208
		UACACdTdT			AAACUCdTdT
D-2786	S-3045	AGGCUGUACCAGUG	1378	A-3045	UCCUGCACUGGUA	1209
		CAGGCdTdT			CAGCCUdTdT
D-2787	S-3046	GGCUGUACCAGUGC	1379	A-3046	UACCUGCACUGGU	1210
		AGGUCdTdT			ACAGCCdTdT
D-2788	S-3047	GCAGGUCCUCACUU	1380	A-3047	UAUUAAAGUGAGG	1211
		UAAUCdTdT			ACCUGCdTdT
D-2789	S-3048	CAGGUCCUCACUUU	1381	A-3048	UGAUUAAAGUGAG	1212
		AAUCCdTdT			GACCUGdTdT
D-2790	S-3049	UCACUUUAAUCCUC	1382	A-3049	UGAUAGAGGAUUA	1213
		UAUCCdTdT			AAGUGAdTdT
D-2791	S-3050	CUAUCCAGAAAACA	1383	A-3050	UACCGUGUUUUCU	1214
		CGGUCdTdT			GGAUAGdTdT
D-2792	S-3051	UAUCCAGAAAACAC	1384	A-3051	UCACCGUGUUUUC	1215
		GGUGCdTdT			UGGAUAdTdT
D-2793	S-3052	AUCCAGAAAACACG	1385	A-3052	UCCACCGUGUUUU	1216
		GUGGCdTdT			CUGGAUdTdT
D-2794	S-3053	CCAGAAAACACGGU	1386	A-3053	UGCCCACCGUGUU	1217
		GGGCCdTdT			UUCUGGdTdT
D-2795	S-3054	GAAAACACGGUGGG	1387	A-3054	UUUGGCCCACCGU	1218
		CCAACdTdT			GUUUUCdTdT
D-2796	S-3055	AAAACACGGUGGGC	1388	A-3055	UUUUGGCCCACCG	1219
		CAAACdTdT			UGUUUUdTdT
D-2797	S-3056	CGGUGGGCCAAAGG	1389	A-3056	UUCAUCCUUUGGC	1220
		AUGACdTdT			CCACCGdTdT
D-2798	S-3057	AGGAUGAAGAGAGG	1390	A-3057	UCAUGCCUCUCUU	1221
		CAUGCdTdT			CAUCCUdTdT
D-2799	S-3058	AUGAAGAGAGGCAU	1391	A-3058	UCAACAUGCCUCU	1222
		GUUGCdTdT			CUUCAUdTdT
D-2800	S-3059	GAGAGGCAUGUUGG	1392	A-3059	UGUCUCCAACAUG	1223
		AGACCdTdT			CCUCUCdTdT
D-2801	S-3060	AGAGGCAUGUUGGA	1393	A-3060	UAGUCUCCAACAU	1224
		GACUCdTdT			GCCUCUdTdT
D-2802	S-3061	AUGUUGGAGACUUG	1394	A-3061	UUGCCCAAGUCUC	1225
		GGCACdTdT			CAACAUdTdT
D-2803	S-3062	GUUGGAGACUUGGG	1395	A-3062	UAUUGCCCAAGUC	1226
		CAAUCdTdT			UCCAACdTdT
D-2804	S-3063	GGAGACUUGGGCAA	1396	A-3063	UCACAUUGCCCAA	1227
		UGUGCdTdT			GUCUCCdTdT
D-2805	S-3064	GGCAAUGUGACUGC	1397	A-3064	UGUCAGCAGUCAC	1228
		UGACCdTdT			AUUGCCdTdT
D-2806	S-3065	CAAUGUGACUGCUG	1398	A-3065	UUUGUCAGCAGUC	1229
		ACAACdTdT			ACAUUGdTdT
D-2807	S-3066	CUGACAAAGAUGGU	1399	A-3066	UCCACACCAUCUU	1230
		G UGGCdTdT			UGUCAGdTdT
D-2808	S-3067	UGACAAAGAUGGUG	1400	A-3067	UGCCACACCAUCU	1231
		UGGCCdTdT			UUGUCAdTdT
D-2809	S-3068	CUCAGGAGACCAUU	1401	A-3068	UAUGCAAUGGUCU	1232
		GCAUCdTdT			CCUGAGdTdT
D-2810	S-3069	UCAGGAGACCAUUG	1402	A-3069	UGAUGCAAUGGUC	1233
		CAUCCdTdT			UCCUGAdTdT
D-2811	S-3070	AGACCAUUGCAUCA	1403	A-3070	UCCAAUGAUGCAA	1234
		UUGGCdTdT			UGGUCUdTdT
D-2812	S-3071	GACCAUUGCAUCAU	1404	A-3071	UGCCAAUGAUGCA	1235
		UGGCCdTdT			AUGGUCdTdT
D-2813	S-3072	AUUGCAUCAUUGGC	1405	A-3072	UUGCGGCCAAUGA	1236
		CGCACdTdT			UGCAAUdTdT
D-2814	S-3073	CAUUGGCCGCACAC	1406	A-3073	UACCAGUGUGCGG	1237
		UGGUCdTdT			CCAAUGdTdT
D-2815	S-3074	CGCACACUGGUGGU	1407	A-3074	UAUGGACCACCAG	1238
		CCAUCdTdT			UGUGCGdTdT
D-2816	S-3075	CACACUGGUGGUCC	1408	A-3075	UUCAUGGACCACC	1239
		AUGACdTdT			AGUGUGdTdT
D-2817	S-3076	ACACUGGUGGUCCA	1409	A-3076	UUUCAUGGACCAC	1240
		UGAACdTdT			CAGUGUdTdT
D-2818	S-3077	UGGUGGUCCAUGAA	1410	A-3077	UCUUUUUCAUGGA	1241
		AAAGCdTdT			CCACCAdTdT
D-2819	S-3078	UGGUCCAUGAAAAA	1411	A-3078	UCUGCUUUUUCAU	1242
		GCAGCdTdT			GGACCAdTdT
D-2820	S-3079	AAAGCAGAUGACUU	1412	A-3079	UGCCCAAGUCAUC	1243
		GGGCCdTdT			UGCUUUdTdT
D-2821	S-3080	GCAGAUGACUUGGG	1413	A-3080	UUUUGCCCAAGUC	1244
		CAAACdTdT			AUCUGCdTdT
D-2822	S-3081	AUGACUUGGGCAAA	1414	A-3081	UCACCUUUGCCCA	1245
		GGUGCdTdT			AGUCAUdTdT
D-2823	S-3082	UGACUUGGGCAAAG	1415	A-3082	UCCACCUUUGCCC	1246
		GUGGCdTdT			AAGUCAdTdT
D-2824	S-3083	GACUUGGGCAAAGG	1416	A-3083	UUCCACCUUUGCC	1247
		UGGACdTdT			CAAGUCdTdT
D-2825	S-3084	GUACAAAGACAGGA	1417	A-3084	UCGUUUCCUGUCU	1248
		AACGCdTdT			UUGUACdTdT
D-2826	S-3085	ACAAAGACAGGAAA	1418	A-3085	UAGCGUUUCCUGU	1249
		CGCUCdTdT			CUUUGUdTdT
D-2827	S-3086	CAAAGACAGGAAAC	1419	A-3086	UCAGCGUUUCCUG	1250
		GCUGCdTdT			UCUUUGdTdT
D-2828	S-3087	AGGAAACGCUGGAA	1420	A-3087	UCGACUUCCAGCG	1251
		GUCGCdTdT			UUUCCUdTdT
D-2829	S-3088	GUCGUUUGGCUUGU	1421	A-3088	UCACCACAAGCCA	1252
		GGUGCdTdT			AACGACdTdT
D-2830	S-3089	UCGUUUGGCUUGUG	1422	A-3089	UACACCACAAGCC	1253
		GUGUCdTdT			AAACGAdTdT
D-2831	S-3090	CGUUUGGCUUGUGG	1423	A-3090	UUACACCACAAGC	1254
		UGUACdTdT			CAAACGdTdT
D-2832	S-3091	GUUUGGCUUGUGGU	1424	A-3091	UUUACACCACAAG	1255
		GUAACdTdT			CCAAACdTdT
D-2833	S-3092	UUGGCUUGUGGUGU	1425	A-3092	UAAUUACACCACA	1256
		AAUUCdTdT			AGCCAAdTdT
D-2834	S-3093	GGCUUGUGGUGUAA	1426	A-3093	UCCAAUUACACCA	1257
		UUGGCdTdT			CAAGCCdTdT
D-2835	S-3094	GCUUGUGGUGUAAU	1427	A-3094	UCCCAAUUACACC	1258
		UGGGCdTdT			ACAAGCdTdT
D-2836	S-3095	CUUGUGGUGUAAUU	1428	A-3095	UUCCCAAUUACAC	1259
		GGGACdTdT			CACAAGdTdT
D-2837	S-3096	UGUGGUGUAAUUGG	1429	A-3096	UGAUCCCAAUUAC	1260
		GAUCCdTdT			ACCACAdTdT
D-2838	S-3097	GUGGUGUAAUUGGG	1430	A-3097	UCGAUCCCAAUUA	1261
		AUCGCdTdT			ACCCACdTdT
D-2839	S-3098	UGGUGUAAUUGGGA	1431	A-3098	UGCGAUCCCAAUU	1262
		UCGCCdTdT			ACACCAdTdT
D-2840	S-3099	GUAAUUGGGAUCGC	1432	A-3099	UUUGGGCGAUCCC	1263
		CCAACdTdT			AAUUACdTdT
D-2841	S-3100	UAAUUGGGAUCGCC	1433	A-3100	UAUUGGGCGAUCC	1264
		CAAUCdTdT			CAAUUAdTdT
D-2842	S-3101	AAUUGGGAUCGCCC	1434	A-3101	UUAUUGGGCGAUC	1265
		AAUACdTdT			CCAAUUdTdT
D-2843	S-3102	AUUGGGAUCGCCCA	1435	A-3102	UUUAUUGGGCGAU	1266
		AUAACdTdT			CCCAAUdTdT
D-2844	S-3103	UUGGGAUCGCCCAA	1436	A-3103	UUUUAUUGGGCGA	1267
		UAAACdTdT			UCCCAAdTdT
D-2845	S-3104	UGGGAUCGCCCAAU	1437	A-3104	UGUUUAUUGGGCG	1268
		AAACCdTdT			AUCCCAdTdT
D-2846	S-3105	GGGAUCGCCCAAUA	1438	A-3105	UUGUUUAUUGGGC	1269
		AACACdTdT			GAUCCCdTdT
D-2847	S-3106	AUCGCCCAAUAAAC	1439	A-3106	UGAAUGUUUAUUG	1270
		AUUCCdTdT			GGCGAUdTdT
D-2848	S-3107	CCAAUAAACAUUCC	1440	A-3107	UCAAGGGAAUGUU	1271
		CUUGCdTdT			UAUUGGdTdT
D-2849	S-3108	CAAUAAACAUUCCC	1441	A-3108	UCCAAGGGAAUGU	1272
		UUGGCdTdT			UUAUUGdTdT
D-2850	S-3109	AAUAAACAUUCCCU	1442	A-3109	UUCCAAGGGAAUG	1273
		UGGACdTdT			UUUAUUdTdT
D-2851	S-3110	AUAAACAUUCCCUU	1443	A-3110	UAUCCAAGGGAAU	1274
		GGAUCdTdT			GUUUAUdTdT
D-2852	S-3111	UAAACAUUCCCUUG	1444	A-3111	UCAUCCAAGGGAA	1275
		GAUGCdTdT			UGUUUAdTdT
D-2853	S-3112	AAACAUUCCCUUGG	1445	A-3112	UACAUCCAAGGGA	1276
		AUGUCdTdT			AUGUUUdTdT
D-2854	S-3113	AACAUUCCCUUGGA	1446	A-3113	UUACAUCCAAGGG	1277
		UGUACdTdT			AAUGUUdTdT
D-2855	S-3114	AUUCCCUUGGAUGU	1447	A-3114	UGACUACAUCCAA	1278
		AGUCCdTdT			GGGAAUdTdT
D-2856	S-3115	CUUGGAUGUAGUCU	1448	A-3115	UCCUCAGACUACA	1279
		GAGGCdTdT			UCCAAGdTdT
D-2857	S-3116	CUGAGGCCCCUUAA	1449	A-3116	UUGAGUUAAGGGG	1280
		CUCACdTdT			CCUCAGdTdT
D-2858	S-3117	GAGGCCCCUUAACU	1450	A-3117	UGAUGAGUUAAGG	1281
		CAUCCdTdT			GGCCUCdTdT
D-2859	S-3118	AGGCCCCUUAACUC	1451	A-3118	UAGAUGAGUUAAG	1282
		AUCUCdTdT			GGGCCUdTdT
D-2860	S-3119	CCCCUUAACUCAUC	1452	A-3119	UAACAGAUGAGUU	1283
		UGUUCdTdT			AAGGGGdTdT
D-2861	S-3120	CCCUUAACUCAUCU	1453	A-3120	UUAACAGAUGAGU	1284
		GUUACdTdT			UAAGGGdTdT
D-2862	S-3121	CCUUAACUCAUCUG	1454	A-3121	UAUAACAGAUGAG	1285
		UUAUCdTdT			UUAAGGdTdT
D-2863	S-3122	CUUAACUCAUCUGU	1455	A-3122	UGAUAACAGAUGA	1286
		UAUCCdTdT			GUUAAGdTdT
D-2864	S-3123	UUAACUCAUCUGUU	1456	A-3123	UGGAUAACAGAUG	1287
		AUCCCdTdT			AGUUAAdTdT
D-2865	S-3124	UAACUCAUCUGUUA	1457	A-3124	UAGGAUAACAGAU	1288
		UCCUCdTdT			GAGUUAdTdT
D-2866	S-3125	AACUCAUCUGUUAU	1458	A-3125	UCAGGAUAACAGA	1289
		CCUGCdTdT			UGAGUUdTdT
D-2867	S-3126	GUUAUCCUGCUAGC	1459	A-3126	UUACAGCUAGCAG	1290
		UGUACdTdT			GAUAACdTdT
D-2868	S-3127	CUGCUAGCUGUAGA	1460	A-3127	UCAUUUCUACAGC	1291
		AAUGCdTdT			UAGCAGdTdT
D-2869	S-3128	UGCUAGCUGUAGAA	1461	A-3128	UACAUUUCUACAG	1292
		AUGUCdTdT			CUAGCAdTdT
D-2870	S-3129	GCUGUAGAAAUGUA	1462	A-3129	UAGGAUACAUUUC	1293
		UCCUCdTdT			UACAGCdTdT
D-2871	S-3130	CUGUAGAAAUGUAU	1463	A-3130	UCAGGAUACAUUU	1294
		CCUGCdTdT			CUACAGdTdT
D-2872	S-3131	UGUAGAAAUGUAUC	1464	A-3131	UUCAGGAUACAUU	1295
		CUGACdTdT			UCUACAdTdT
D-2873	S-3132	GUAGAAAUGUAUCC	1465	A-3132	UAUCAGGAUACAU	1296
		UGAUCdTdT			UUCUACdTdT
D-2874	S-3133	AAAUGUAUCCUGAU	1466	A-3133	UGUUUAUCAGGAU	1297
		AAACCdTdT			ACAUUUdTdT
D-2875	S-3134	GUAUCCUGAUAAAC	1467	A-3134	UUAAUGUUUAUCA	1298
		AUUACdTdT			GGAUACdTdT
D-2876	S-3135	UUAAACACUGUAAU	1468	A-3135	UUAAGAUUACAGU	1299
		CUUACdTdT			GUUUAAdTdT
D-2877	S-3136	ACUGUAAUCUUAAA	1469	A-3136	UCACUUUUAAGAU	1300
		AGUGCdTdT			UACAGUdTdT
D-2878	S-3137	CUGUAAUCUUAAAA	1470	A-3137	UACACUUUUAAGA	1301
		GUGUCdTdT			UUACAGdTdT
D-2879	S-3138	UGUAAUCUUAAAAG	1471	A-3138	UUACACUUUUAAG	1302
		UGUACdTdT			AUUACAdTdT
D-2880	S-3139	GUAAUCUUAAAAGU	1472	A-3139	UUUACACUUUUAA	1303
		GUAACdTdT			GAUUACdTdT
D-2881	S-3140	CUUAAAAGUGUAAU	1473	A-3140	UCACAAUUACACU	1304
		UGUGCdTdT			UUUAAGdTdT
D-2882	S-3141	UACCUGUAGUGAGA	1474	A-3141	UAGUUUCUCACUA	1305
		AACUCdTdT			CAGGUAdTdT
D-2883	S-3142	UUAUGAUCACUUGG	1475	A-3142	UUCUUCCAAGUGA	1306
		AAGACdTdT			UCAUAAdTdT
D-2884	S-3143	AUGAUCACUUGGAA	1476	A-3143	UAAUCUUCCAAGU	1307
		GAUUCdTdT			GAUCAUdTdT
D-2885	S-3144	AUCACUUGGAAGAU	1477	A-3144	UACAAAUCUUCCA	1308
		UUGUCdTdT			AGUGAUdTdT
D-2886	S-3145	UGGAAGAUUUGUAU	1478	A-3145	UAACUAUACAAAU	1309
		AGUUCdTdT			CUUCCAdTdT
D-2887	S-3146	UAUAAAACUCAGUU	1479	A-3146	UUUUUAACUGAGU	1310
		AAAACdTdT			UUUAUAdTdT
D-2888	S-3147	AAACUCAGUUAAAA	1480	A-3147	UGACAUUUUAACU	1311
		UGUCCdTdT			GAGUUUdTdT
D-2889	S-3148	GUCUGUUUCAAUGA	1481	A-3148	UCAGGUCAUUGAA	1312
		CCUGCdTdT			ACAGACdTdT
D-2890	S-3149	AUGACCUGUAUUUU	1482	A-3149	UUGGCAAAAUACA	1313
		GCCACdTdT			GGUCAUdTdT
D-2891	S-3150	ACCUGUAUUUUGCC	1483	A-3150	UGUCUGGCAAAAU	1314
		AGACCdTdT			ACAGGUdTdT
D-2892	S-3151	CCUGUAUUUUGCCA	1484	A-3151	UAGUCUGGCAAAA	1315
		GACUCdTdT			UACAGGdTdT
D-2893	S-3152	UAAAUCACAGAUGG	1485	A-3152	UAUACCCAUCUGU	1316
		GUAUCdTdT			GAUUUAdTdT
D-2894	S-3153	AUCACAGAUGGGUA	1486	A-3153	UUUAAUACCCAUC	1317
		UUAACdTdT			UGUGAUdTdT
D-2895	S-3154	UCACAGAUGGGUAU	1487	A-3154	UUUUAAUACCCAU	1318
		UAAACdTdT			CUGUGAdTdT
D-2896	S-3155	ACAGAUGGGUAUUA	1488	A-3155	UAGUUUAAUACCC	1319
		AACUCdTdT			AUCUGUdTdT
D-2897	S-3156	CAGAUGGGUAUUAA	1489	A-3156	UAAGUUUAAUACC	1320
		ACUUCdTdT			CAUCUGdTdT
D-2898	S-3157	AGAUGGGUAUUAAA	1490	A-3157	UCAAGUUUAAUAC	1321
		CUUGCdTdT			CCAUCUdTdT
D-2899	S-3158	AUGGGUAUUAAACU	1491	A-3158	UGACAAGUUUAAU	1322
		UGUCCdTdT			ACCCAUdTdT
D-2900	S-3159	UAAACUUGUCAGAA	1492	A-3159	UGAAAUUCUGACA	1323
		UUUCCdTdT			AGUUUAdTdT
D-2901	S-3160	UCAUUCAAGCCUGU	1493	A-3160	UAUUCACAGGCUU	1324
		GAAUCdTdT			GAAUGAdTdT
D-2902	S-3161	CAUUCAAGCCUGUG	1494	A-3161	UUAUUCACAGGCU	1325
		AAUACdTdT			UGAAUGdTdT
D-2903	S-3162	AAUAAAAACCCUGU	1495	A-3162	UCCAUACAGGGUU	1326
		AUGGCdTdT			UUUAUUdTdT
D-2904	S-3163	AUAAAAACCCUGUA	1496	A-3163	UGCCAUACAGGGU	1327
		UGGCCdTdT			UUUUAUdTdT
D-2905	S-3164	AACCCUGUAUGGCA	1497	A-3164	UUAAGUGCCAUAC	1328
		CUUACdTdT			GAGGUUdTdT
D-2906	S-3165	ACCCUGUAUGGCAC	1498	A-3165	UAUAAGUGCCAUA	1329
		UUAUCdTdT			CAGGGUdTdT
D-2907	S-3166	GAGGCUAUUAAAAG	1499	A-3166	UGAUUCUUUUAAU	1330
		AAUCCdTdT			AGCCUCdTdT
D-2908	S-3167	AAAGAAUCCAAAUU	1500	A-3167	UUUUGAAUUUGGA	1331
		CAAACdTdT			UUCUUUdTdT
D-2909	S-3168	GAAUCCAAAUUCAA	1501	A-3168	UUAGUUUGAAUUU	1332
		ACUACdTdT			GGAUUCdTdT

In other embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention targeting SOD1 can be encoded in plasmid vectors, AAV particles, viral genome or other nucleic acid expression vectors for delivery to a cell.

DNA expression plasmids can be used to stably express the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA of the present invention targeting SOD1 in cells and achieve long-term inhibition of the target gene expression. In one aspect, the sense and antisense strands of a siRNA duplex are typically linked by a short spacer sequence leading to the expression of a stem-loop structure termed short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The hairpin is recognized and cleaved by Dicer, thus generating mature siRNA molecules.

According to the present invention, AAV particles comprising the nucleic acids encoding the siRNA molecules targeting SOD1 mRNA are produced, the AAV serotypes may be any of the serotypes listed in Table 1. Non-limiting examples of the AAV serotypes include, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.47, AAV9(hu14), AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ8, AAV-DJ, AAV-PHP.A, AAV-PHP.B, AAVPHP.B2, AAVPHP.B3, AAVPHP.N/PHP.B-DGT, AAVPHP.B-EST, AAVPHP.B-GGT, AAVPHP.B-ATP, AAVPHP.B-ATT-T, AAVPHP.B-DGT-T, AAVPHP.B-GGT-T, AAVPHP.B-SGS, AAVPHP.B-AQP, AAVPHP.B-QQP, AAVPHP.B-SNP(3), AAVPHP.B-SNP, AAVPHP.B-QGT, AAVPHP.B-NQT, AAVPHP.B-EGS, AAVPHP.B-SGN, AAVPHP.B-EGT, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-STP, AAVPHP.B-PQP, AAVPHP.B-SQP, AAVPHP.B-QLP, AAVPHP.B-TMP, AAVPHP.B-TTP, AAVPHP.S/G2A12, AAVG2A15/G2A3, AAVG2B4, AAVG2B5 and variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA of the present invention suppress (or degrade) SOD1 mRNA. Accordingly, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can be used to substantially inhibit SOD1 gene expression in a cell. In some aspects, the inhibition of SOD1 gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecules are designed and tested for their ability in reducing SOD1 mRNA levels in cultured cells. Such siRNA molecules may form a duplex such as, but not limited to, include those listed in Table 9. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes may be siRNA duplex IDs: D-2741 to D-2909.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for SOD1 located in the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for SOD1 located in the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene do not comprise a seed match for SOD1 located in the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25% 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand or the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25% 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting SOD1 gene may have high activity in vitro. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules may have low activity in vitro. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA targeting the SOD1 gene may have high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules targeting SOD1 have a high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro. The target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand may be at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5% or 100%. The target knock-down by the guide strand may be 40-50%, 45-50%, 50-55%, 50-60%, 60-65%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 60-99.5%, 60-100%, 65-70%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 65-99%, 65-99.5%, 65-100%, 70-75%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 70-99.5%, 70-100%, 75-80%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 75-99%, 75-99.5%, 75-100%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 80-99.5%, 80-100%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 85-99%, 85-99.5%, 85-100%, 90-95%, 90-99%, 90-99.5%, 90-100%, 95-99%, 95-99.5%, 95-100%, 99-99.5%, 99-100% or 99.5-100%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 70%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplex target SOD1 is designed so there is no miRNA seed match for the sense or antisense sequence to the non-SOD1 sequence.

In one embodiment, the IC₅₀ of the guide strand in the siRNA duplex targeting SOD1 for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the on-target gene, SOD1. As a non-limiting example, if the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the target then the siRNA molecule is said to have high guide strand selectivity for inhibiting SOD1 in vitro.

In one embodiment, the 5′ processing of the guide strand of the siRNA duplex targeting SOD1 has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% of the time in vitro or in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vivo.

In one embodiment, a passenger-guide strand duplex for SOD1 is considered effective when the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate, by methods known in the art and described herein, greater than 2-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured. As a non-limiting examples, the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate great than 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 11-fold, 12-fold, 13-fold, 14-fold, 15-fold, or 2 to 5-fold, 2 to 10-fold, 2 to 15-fold, 3 to 5-fold, 3 to 10-fold, 3 to 15-fold, 4 to 5-fold, 4 to 10-fold, 4 to 15-fold, 5 to 10-fold, 5 to 15-fold, 6 to 10-fold, 6 to 15-fold, 7 to 10-fold, 7 to 15-fold, 8 to 10-fold, 8 to 15-fold, 9 to 10-fold, 9 to 15-fold, 10 to 15-fold, 11 to 15-fold, 12 to 15-fold, 13 to 15-fold, or 14 to 15-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant SOD1 by targeting at least one exon on the SOD1 sequence. The exon may be exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, exon 17, exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21, exon 22, exon 23, exon 24, exon 25, exon 26, exon 27, exon 28, exon 29, exon 30, exon 31, exon 32, exon 33, exon 34, exon 35, exon 36, exon 37, exon 38, exon 39, exon 40, exon 41, exon 42, exon 43, exon 44, exon 45, exon 46, exon 47, exon 48, exon 49, exon 50, exon 51, exon 52, exon 53, exon 54, exon 55, exon 56, exon 57, exon 58, exon 59, exon 60, exon 61, exon 62, exon 63, exon 64, exon 65, exon 66, and/or exon 67.

siRNA Modification

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention, when not delivered as a precursor or DNA, may be chemically modified to modulate some features of RNA molecules, such as, but not limited to, increasing the stability of siRNAs in vivo. The chemically modified siRNA molecules can be used in human therapeutic applications, and are improved without compromising the RNAi activity of the siRNA molecules. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules modified at both the 3′ and the 5′ end of both the sense strand and the antisense strand.

In some aspects, the siRNA duplexes of the present invention may contain one or more modified nucleotides such as, but not limited to, sugar modified nucleotides, nucleobase modifications and/or backbone modifications. In some aspects, the siRNA molecule may contain combined modifications, for example, combined nucleobase and backbone modifications.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotide may be a sugar-modified nucleotide. Sugar modified nucleotides include, but are not limited to 2′-fluoro, 2′-amino and 2′-thio modified ribonucleotides, e.g. 2′-fluoro modified ribonucleotides. Modified nucleotides may be modified on the sugar moiety, as well as nucleotides having sugars or analogs thereof that are not ribosyl. For example, the sugar moieties may be, or be based on, mannoses, arabinoses, glucopyranoses, galactopyranoses, 4′-thioribose, and other sugars, heterocycles, or carbocycles.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotide may be a nucleobase-modified nucleotide.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotide may be a backbone-modified nucleotide. In some embodiments, the siRNA duplexes of the present invention may further comprise other modifications on the backbone. A normal “backbone”, as used herein, refers to the repeating alternating sugar-phosphate sequences in a DNA or RNA molecule. The deoxyribose/ribose sugars are joined at both the 3′-hydroxyl and 5′-hydroxyl groups to phosphate groups in ester links, also known as “phosphodiester” bonds/linker (PO linkage). The PO backbones may be modified as “phosphorothioate backbone (PS linkage). In some cases, the natural phosphodiester bonds may be replaced by amide bonds but the four atoms between two sugar units are kept. Such amide modifications can facilitate the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and increase the thermodynamic stability of a duplex formed with siRNA complement. See e.g. Mesmaeker et al., Pure & Appl. Chem., 1997, 3, 437-440; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Modified bases refer to nucleotide bases such as, for example, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, xanthine, inosine, and queuosine that have been modified by the replacement or addition of one or more atoms or groups. Some examples of modifications on the nucleobase moieties include, but are not limited to, alkylated, halogenated, thiolated, aminated, amidated, or acetylated bases, individually or in combination. More specific examples include, for example, 5-propynyluridine, 5-propynylcytidine, 6-methyladenine, 6-methylguanine, N,N,-dimethyladenine, 2-propyladenine, 2-propylguanine, 2-aminoadenine, 1-methylinosine, 3-methyluridine, 5-methylcytidine, 5-methyluridine and other nucleotides having a modification at the 5 position, 5-(2-amino)propyl uridine, 5-halocytidine, 5-halouridine, 4-acetylcytidine, 1-methyladenosine, 2-methyladenosine, 3-methylcytidine, 6-methyluridine, 2-methylguanosine, 7-methylguano sine, 2,2-dimethylguanosine, 5-methylaminoethyluridine, 5-methyloxyuridine, deazanucleotides such as 7-deaza-adenosine, 6-azouridine, 6-azocytidine, 6-azothymidine, 5-methyl-2-thiouridine, other thio bases such as 2-thiouridine and 4-thiouridine and 2-thiocytidine, dihydrouridine, pseudouridine, queuosine, archaeosine, naphthyl and substituted naphthyl groups, any O- and N-alkylated purines and pyrimidines such as N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcarbonylmethyluridine, uridine 5-oxyacetic acid, pyridine-4-one, pyridine-2-one, phenyl and modified phenyl groups such as aminophenol or 2,4,6-trimethoxy benzene, modified cytosines that act as G-clamp nucleotides, 8-substituted adenines and guanines, 5-substituted uracils and thymines, azapyrimidines, carboxyhydroxyalkyl nucleotides, carboxyalkylaminoalkyl nucleotides, and alkylcarbonylalkylated nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotides may be on just the sense strand.

In another embodiment, the modified nucleotides may be on just the antisense strand.

In some embodiments, the modified nucleotides may be in both the sense and antisense strands.

In some embodiments, the chemically modified nucleotide does not affect the ability of the antisense strand to pair with the target mRNA sequence.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may encode siRNA molecules which are polycistronic molecules. The siRNA molecules may additionally comprise one or more linkers between regions of the siRNA molecules.

Molecular Scaffold

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be encoded in a modulatory polynucleotide which also comprises a molecular scaffold. As used herein a “molecular scaffold” is a framework or starting molecule that forms the sequence or structural basis against which to design or make a subsequent molecule.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises at least one 5′ flanking region. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ flanking region may comprise a 5′ flanking sequence which may be of any length and may be derived in whole or in part from wild type microRNA sequence or be a completely artificial sequence.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises at least one 3′ flanking region. As a non-limiting example, the 3′ flanking region may comprise a 3′ flanking sequence which may be of any length and may be derived in whole or in part from wild type microRNA sequence or be a completely artificial sequence.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises at least one loop motif region. As a non-limiting example, the loop motif region may comprise a sequence which may be of any length.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises a 5′ flanking region, a loop motif region and/or a 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, at least one siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent described herein, may be encoded by a modulatory polynucleotide which may also comprise at least one molecular scaffold. The molecular scaffold may comprise a 5′ flanking sequence which may be of any length and may be derived in whole or in part from wild type microRNA sequence or be completely artificial. The 3′ flanking sequence may mirror the 5′ flanking sequence and/or a 3′ flanking sequence in size and origin. Either flanking sequence may be absent. The 3′ flanking sequence may optionally contain one or more CNNC motifs, where “N” represents any nucleotide.

Forming the stem of a stem loop structure is a minimum of the modulatory polynucleotide encoding at least one siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent described herein. In some embodiments, the siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent described herein comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence which is in part complementary or will hybridize to a target sequence. In some embodiments the payload is an siRNA molecule or fragment of an siRNA molecule.

In some embodiments, the 5′ arm of the stem loop structure of the modulatory polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sense sequence. Non-limiting examples of sense sequences, or fragments or variants thereof, which may be encoded by the modulatory polynucleotide are described in Table 3 and Table 8.

In some embodiments, the 3′ arm of the stem loop of the modulatory polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antisense sequence. The antisense sequence, in some instances, comprises a “G” nucleotide at the 5′ most end. Non-limiting examples of antisense sequences, or fragments or variants thereof, which may be encoded by the modulatory polynucleotide are described in Table 2 and Table 7.

In other embodiments, the sense sequence may reside on the 3′ arm while the antisense sequence resides on the 5′ arm of the stem of the stem loop structure of the modulatory polynucleotide. Non-limiting examples of sense and antisense sequences which may be encoded by the modulatory polynucleotide are described in Tables 2, 3, 7, and 8.

In one embodiment, the sense and antisense sequences may be completely complementary across a substantial portion of their length. In other embodiments the sense sequence and antisense sequence may be at least 70, 80, 90, 95 or 99% complementarity across independently at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 99% of the length of the strands.

Neither the identity of the sense sequence nor the homology of the antisense sequence need to be 100% complementarity to the target sequence.

In one embodiment, separating the sense and antisense sequence of the stem loop structure of the modulatory polynucleotide is a loop sequence (also known as a loop motif, linker or linker motif). The loop sequence may be of any length, between 4-30 nucleotides, between 4-20 nucleotides, between 4-15 nucleotides, between 5-15 nucleotides, between 6-12 nucleotides, 6 nucleotides, 7 nucleotides, 8 nucleotides, 9 nucleotides, 10 nucleotides, 11 nucleotides, 12 nucleotides, 13 nucleotides, 14 nucleotides, and/or 15 nucleotides.

In some embodiments, the loop sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one UGUG motif. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence encoding the UGUG motif is located at the 5′ terminus of the loop sequence.

In one embodiment, spacer regions may be present in the modulatory polynucleotide to separate one or more modules (e.g., 5′ flanking region, loop motif region, 3′ flanking region, sense sequence, antisense sequence) from one another. There may be one or more such spacer regions present.

In one embodiment, a spacer region of between 8-20, i.e., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides may be present between the sense sequence and a flanking region sequence.

In one embodiment, the length of the spacer region is 13 nucleotides and is located between the 5′ terminus of the sense sequence and the 3′ terminus of the flanking sequence. In one embodiment, a spacer is of sufficient length to form approximately one helical turn of the sequence.

In one embodiment, a spacer region of between 8-20, i.e., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides may be present between the antisense sequence and a flanking sequence.

In one embodiment, the spacer sequence is between 10-13, i.e., 10, 11, 12 or 13 nucleotides and is located between the 3′ terminus of the antisense sequence and the 5′ terminus of a flanking sequence. In one embodiment, a spacer is of sufficient length to form approximately one helical turn of the sequence.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold of the modulatory polynucleotide comprises in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a 5′ flanking sequence, a 5′ arm, a loop motif, a 3′ arm and a 3′ flanking sequence. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ arm may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sense sequence and the 3′ arm comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the antisense sequence. In another non-limiting example, the 5′ arm comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the antisense sequence and the 3′ arm comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the sense sequence.

In one embodiment, the 5′ arm, sense and/or antisense sequence, loop motif and/or 3′ arm sequence may be altered (e.g., substituting 1 or more nucleotides, adding nucleotides and/or deleting nucleotides). The alteration may cause a beneficial change in the function of the construct (e.g., increase knock-down of the target sequence, reduce degradation of the construct, reduce off target effect, increase efficiency of the payload, and reduce degradation of the payload).

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold of the modulatory polynucleotides is aligned in order to have the rate of excision of the guide strand (also referred to herein as the antisense strand) be greater than the rate of excision of the passenger strand (also referred to herein as the sense strand). The rate of excision of the guide or passenger strand may be, independently, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%. As a non-limiting example, the rate of excision of the guide strand is at least 80%. As another non-limiting example, the rate of excision of the guide strand is at least 90%.

In one embodiment, the rate of excision of the guide strand is greater than the rate of excision of the passenger strand. In one aspect, the rate of excision of the guide strand may be at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99% greater than the passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the efficiency of excision of the guide strand is at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%. As a non-limiting example, the efficiency of the excision of the guide strand is greater than 80%.

In one embodiment, the efficiency of the excision of the guide strand is greater than the excision of the passenger strand from the molecular scaffold. The excision of the guide strand may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more than 10 times more efficient than the excision of the passenger strand from the molecular scaffold.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises a dual-function targeting modulatory polynucleotide. As used herein, a “dual-function targeting” modulatory polynucleotide is a polynucleotide where both the guide and passenger strands knock down the same target or the guide and passenger strands knock down different targets.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold of the modulatory polynucleotides described herein may comprise a 5′ flanking region, a loop motif region and a 3′ flanking region. Non-limiting examples of the sequences for the 5′ flanking region, loop motif region (may also be referred to as a linker region) and the 3′ flanking region which may be used, or fragments thereof used, in the modulatory polynucleotides described herein are shown in Tables 10-12.

TABLE 10
5′ Flanking Regions for Molecular Scaffold
5′		5′
Flanking		Flanking
Region	5′ Flanking	Region
Name	Region Sequence	SEQ ID
5F3	GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCT	1503
	CCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCACGG
	AA
5F1	GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCT	1504
	CCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCTTCGG
	AA
5F2	GAAGCAAAGAAGGGGCAGAGGGAGCC	1505
	CGTGAGCTGAGTGGGCCAGGGACTGG
	GAGAAGGAGTGAGGAGGCAGGGCCGG
	CATGCCTCTGCTGCTGGCCAGA
5F4	GGGCCCTCCCGCAGAACACCATGCGC	1506
	TCCACGGAA
5F5	CTCCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCAC	1507
	GGAA
5F6	GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCT	1508
	CCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCACGG
	AAG
5F7	GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCT	1509
	CCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCTCGG
	AA
5F8	TTTATGCCTCATCCTCTGAGTGCTGA	1692
	AGGCTTGCTGTAGGCTGTATGCTG
5F9	GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCT	1782
	CCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCTTCGG
	GA

TABLE 11
Loop Motif Regions for Molecular Scaffold
	Loop		Loop
	Motif		Motif
	Region	Loop Motif	Region
	Name	Region Sequence	SEQ ID
	L5	GTGGCCACTGAGAAG	1510
	L1	TGTGACCTGG	1511
	L2	TGTGATTTGG	1512
	L3	GTCTGCACCTGTCACTAG	1513
	L4	GTGACCCAAG	1514
	L6	GTGACCCAAT	1515
	L7	GTGACCCAAC	1516
	L8	GTGGCCACTGAGAAA	1517
	L9	TATAATTTGG	1693
	L10	CCTGACCCAGT	1694

TABLE 12
3′ Flanking Regions for Molecular Scaffold
3′		3′
Flanking		Flanking
Region	3′ Flanking	Region
Name	Region Sequence	SEQ ID
3F1	CTGAGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT	1518
	GGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGTGA
3F2	CTGTGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT	1519
	GGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGTGA
3F3	TGGCCGTGTAGTGCTACCCAGCGCTG	1520
	GCTGCCTCCTCAGCATTGCAATTCCT
	CTCCCATCTGGGCACCAGTCAGCTAC
	CCTGGTGGGAATCTGGGTAGCC
3F4	CTGAGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT	1521
	GGGAGGGCC
3F5	CTGCGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT	1522
	GGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGTGA
3F6	AGTGTATGATGCCTGTTACTAGCATT	1695
	CACATGGAACAAATTGCTGCCGTG
3F7	TCCTGAGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCC	1783
	ATGGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGT
	GA

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof listed in Table 10. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ flanking region may be 5F1, 5F2, 5F3, 5F4, 5F5, 5F6, 5F7, 5F8, or 5F9.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F8 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F9 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one loop motif region, fragment or variant thereof listed in Table 11. As a non-limiting example, the loop motif region may be L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, or L10.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L2 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L3 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L5 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L6 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L7 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L8 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L9 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L10 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof listed in Table 12. As a non-limiting example, the 3′ flanking region may be 3F1, 3F2, 3F3, 3F4, 3F5, 3F6, or 3F7.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F3 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F6 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F7 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one loop motif region, fragment or variant thereof, as described in Tables 10 and 11. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ flanking region and the loop motif region may be 5F1 and L1, 5F1 and L2, 5F1 and L3, 5F1 and L4, 5F1 and L5, 5F1 and L6, 5F1 and L7, 5F1 and L8, 5F1 and L9, 5F1 and L10, 5F2 and L1, 5F2 and L2, 5F2 and L3, 5F2 and L4, 5F2 and L5, 5F2 and L6, 5F2 and L7, 5F2 and L8, 5F2 and L9, 5F2 and L10, 5F3 and L1, 5F3 and L2, 5F3 and L3, 5F3 and L4, 5F3 and L5, 5F3 and L6, 5F3 and L7, 5F3 and L8, 5F3 and L9, 5F3 and L10, 5F4 and L1, 5F4 and L2, 5F4 and L3, 5F4 and L4, 5F4 and L5, 5F4 and L6, 5F4 and L7, 5F4 and L8, 5F4 and L9, 5F4 and L10, 5F5 and L1, 5F5 and L2, 5F5 and L3, 5F5 and L4, 5F5 and L5, 5F5 and L6, 5F5 and L7, 5F5 and L8, 5F5 and L9, 5F5 and L10, 5F6 and L1, 5F6 and L2, 5F6 and L3, 5F6 and L4, 5F6 and L5, 5F6 and L6, 5F6 and L7, 5F6 and L8, 5F6 and L9, 5F6 and L10, 5F7 and L1, 5F7 and L2, 5F7 and L3, 5F7 and L4, 5F7 and L5, 5F7 and L6, 5F7 and L7, 5F7 and L8, 5F7 and L9, 5F7 and L10, 5F8 and L1, 5F8 and L2, 5F8 and L3, 5F8 and L4, 5F8 and L5, 5F8 and L6, 5F8 and L7, 5F8 and L8, 5F8 and L9, 5F8 and L10, 5F9 and L1, 5F9 and L2, 5F9 and L3, 5F9 and L4, 5F9 and L5, 5F9 and L6, 5F9 and L7, 5F9 and L8, 5F9 and L9, and 5F9 and L10.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 flanking region and at least one L1 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 flanking region and at least one L8 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L5 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L7 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L6 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 flanking region and at least one L2 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region and at least one L1 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region and at least one L2 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one motif region, fragment or variant thereof, as described in Tables 11 and 12. As a non-limiting example, the 3′ flanking region and the loop motif region may be 3F1 and L1, 3F1 and L2, 3F1 and L3, 3F1 and L4, 3F1 and L5, 3F1 and L6, 3F1 and L7, 3F1 and L8, 3F1 and L9, 3F1 and L10, 3F2 and L1, 3F2 and L2, 3F2 and L3, 3F2 and L4, 3F2 and L5, 3F2 and L6, 3F2 and L7, 3F2 and L8, 3F2 and L9, 3F2 and L10, 3F3 and L1, 3F3 and L2, 3F3 and L3, 3F3 and L4, 3F3 and L5, 3F3 and L6, 3F3 and L7, 3F3 and L8, 3F3 and L9, 3F3 and L10, 3F4 and L1, 3F4 and L2, 3F4 and L3, 3F4 and L4, 3F4 and L5, 3F4 and L6, 3F4 and L7, 3F4 and L8, 3F4 and L9, 3F4 and L10, 3F5 and L1, 3F5 and L2, 3F5 and L3, 3F5 and L4, 3F5 and L5, 3F5 and L6, 3F5 and L7, 3F5 and L8, 3F5 and L9, 3F5 and L10, 3F6 and L1, 3F6 and L2, 3F6 and L3, 3F6 and L4, 3F6 and L5, 3F6 and L6, 3F6 and L7, 3F6 and L8, 3F6 and L9, 3F6 and L10, 3F7 and L1, 3F7 and L2, 3F7 and L3, 3F7 and L4, 3F7 and L5, 3F7 and L6, 3F7 and L7, 3F7 and L8, 3F7 and L9, and 3F7 and L10.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region and at least one 3F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L8 loop motif region and at least one 3F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L5 loop motif region and at least 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region and at least one 3F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L7 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L6 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region and at least one 3F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L2 loop motif region and at least one 3F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region and at least one 3F3 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L5 loop motif region and at least one 3F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L2 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one 3′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, as described in Tables 10 and 12. As a non-limiting example, the flanking regions may be 5F1 and 3F1, 5F1 and 3F2, 5F1 and 3F3, 5F1 and 3F4, 5F1 and 3F5, 5F1 and 3F6, 5F1 and 3F7, 5F2 and 3F1, 5F2 and 3F2, 5F2 and 3F3, 5F2 and 3F4, 5F2 and 3F5, 5F2 and 3F6, 5F2 and 3F7, 5F3 and 3F1, 5F3 and 3F2, 5F3 and 3F3, 5F3 and 3F4, 5F3 and 3F5, 5F3 and 3F6, 5F3 and 3F7, 5F4 and 3F1, 5F4 and 3F2, 5F4 and 3F3, 5F4 and 3F4, 5F4 and 3F5, 5F4 and 3F6, 5F4 and 3F7, 5F5 and 3F1, 5F5 and 3F2, 5F5 and 3F3, 5F5 and 3F4, 5F5 and 3F5, 5F5 and 3F6, 5F5 and 3F7, 5F6 and 3F1, 5F6 and 3F2, 5F6 and 3F3, 5F6 and 3F4, 5F6 and 3F5, 5F6 and 3F6, 5F6 and 3F7, 5F7 and 3F1, 5F7 and 3F2, 5F7 and 3F3, 5F7 and 3F4, 5F7 and 3F5, 5F7 and 3F6, 5F7 and 3F7, 5F8 and 3F1, 5F8 and 3F2, 5F8 and 3F3, 5F8 and 3F4, 5F8 and 3F5, 5F8 and 3F6, and 5F8 and 3F7. 5F9 and 3F1, 5F9 and 3F2, 5F9 and 3F3, 5F9 and 3F4, 5F9 and 3F5, 5F9 and 3F6, and 5F9 and 3F7

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F5 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F3 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, at least one loop motif region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one 3′ flanking region as described in Tables 10-12. As a non-limiting example, the flanking and loop motif regions may be 5F1, L1 and 3F1; 5F1, L1 and 3F2; 5F1, L1 and 3F3; 5F1, L1 and 3F4; 5F1, L1 and 3F5; 5F1, L1 and 3F6; 5F1, L1 and 3F7; 5F2, L1 and 3F1; 5F2, L1 and 3F2; 5F2, L1 and 3F3; 5F2, L1 and 3F4; 5F2, L1 and 3F5; 5F2, L1 and 3F6; 5F2, L1 and 3F7; 5F3, L1 and 3F1; 5F3, L1 and 3F2; 5F3, L1 and 3F3; 5F3, L1 and 3F4; 5F3, L1 and 3F5; 5F3, L1 and 3F6; 5F3, L1 and 3F7; 5F4, L1 and 3F1; 5F4, L1 and 3F2; 5F4, L1 and 3F3; 5F4, L1 and 3F4; 5F4, L1 and 3F5; 5F4, L1 and 3F6; 5F4, L1 and 3F7; 5F5, L1 and 3F1; 5F5, L1 and 3F2; 5F5, L1 and 3F3; 5F5, L1 and 3F4; 5F5, L1 and 3F5; 5F5, L1 and 3F6; 5F5, L1 and 3F7; 5F6, L1 and 3F1; 5F6, L1 and 3F2; 5F6, L1 and 3F3; 5F6, L1 and 3F4; 5F6, L1 and 3F5; 5F6, L1 and 3F6; 5F6, L1 and 3F7; 5F7, L1 and 3F1; 5F7, L1 and 3F2; 5F7, L1 and 3F3; 5F7, L1 and 3F4; 5F7, L1 and 3F5; 5F7, L1 and 3F6; 5F7, L1 and 3F7; 5F8, L1 and 3F1; 5F8, L1 and 3F2; 5F8, L1 and 3F3; 5F8, L1 and 3F4; 5F8, L1 and 3F5; 5F8, L1 and 3F6; 5F8, L1 and 3F7; 5F9, L1 and 3F1; 5F9, L1 and 3F2; 5F9, L1 and 3F3; 5F9, L1 and 3F4; 5F9, L1 and 3F5; 5F9, L1 and 3F6; 5F9, L1 and 3F7; 5F1, L2 and 3F1; 5F1, L2 and 3F2; 5F1, L2 and 3F3; 5F1, L2 and 3F4; 5F1, L2 and 3F5; 5F1, L2 and 3F6; 5F1, L2 and 3F7; 5F2, L2 and 3F1; 5F2, L2 and 3F2; 5F2, L2 and 3F3; 5F2, L2 and 3F4; 5F2, L2 and 3F5; 5F2, L2 and 3F6; 5F2, L2 and 3F7; 5F3, L2 and 3F1; 5F3, L2 and 3F2; 5F3, L2 and 3F3; 5F3, L2 and 3F4; 5F3, L2 and 3F5; 5F3, L2 and 3F6; 5F3, L2 and 3F7; 5F4, L2 and 3F1; 5F4, L2 and 3F2; 5F4, L2 and 3F3; 5F4, L2 and 3F4; 5F4, L2 and 3F5; 5F4, L2 and 3F6; 5F4, L2 and 3F7; 5F5, L2 and 3F1; 5F5, L2 and 3F2; 5F5, L2 and 3F3; 5F5, L2 and 3F4; 5F5, L2 and 3F5; 5F5, L2 and 3F6; 5F5, L2 and 3F7; 5F6, L2 and 3F1; 5F6, L2 and 3F2; 5F6, L2 and 3F3; 5F6, L2 and 3F4; 5F6, L2 and 3F5; 5F6, L2 and 3F6; 5F6, L2 and 3F7; 5F7, L2 and 3F1; 5F7, L2 and 3F2; 5F7, L2 and 3F3; 5F7, L2 and 3F4; 5F7, L2 and 3F5; 5F7, L2 and 3F6; 5F7, L2 and 3F7; 5F8, L2 and 3F1; 5F8, L2 and 3F2; 5F8, L2 and 3F3; 5F8, L2 and 3F4; 5F8, L2 and 3F5; 5F8, L2 and 3F6; 5F8, L2 and 3F7; 5F9, L2 and 3F1; 5F9, L2 and 3F2; 5F9, L2 and 3F3; 5F9, L2 and 3F4; 5F9, L2 and 3F5; 5F9, L2 and 3F6; 5F9, L2 and 3F7; 5F1, L3 and 3F1; 5F1, L3 and 3F2; 5F1, L3 and 3F3; 5F1, L3 and 3F4; 5F1, L3 and 3F5; 5F1, L3 and 3F6; 5F1, L3 and 3F7; 5F2, L3 and 3F1; 5F2, L3 and 3F2; 5F2, L3 and 3F3; 5F2, L3 and 3F4; 5F2, L3 and 3F5; 5F2, L3 and 3F6; 5F2, L3 and 3F7; 5F3, L3 and 3F1; 5F3, L3 and 3F2; 5F3, L3 and 3F3; 5F3, L3 and 3F4; 5F3, L3 and 3F5; 5F3, L3 and 3F6; 5F3, L3 and 3F7; 5F4, L3 and 3F1; 5F4, L3 and 3F2; 5F4, L3 and 3F3; 5F4, L3 and 3F4; 5F4, L3 and 3F5; 5F4, L3 and 3F6; 5F4, L3 and 3F7; 5F5, L3 and 3F1; 5F5, L3 and 3F2; 5F5, L3 and 3F3; 5F5, L3 and 3F4; 5F5, L3 and 3F5; 5F5, L3 and 3F6; 5F5, L3 and 3F7; 5F6, L3 and 3F1; 5F6, L3 and 3F2; 5F6, L3 and 3F3; 5F6, L3 and 3F4; 5F6, L3 and 3F5; 5F6, L3 and 3F6; 5F6, L3 and 3F7; 5F7, L3 and 3F1; 5F7, L3 and 3F2; 5F7, L3 and 3F3; 5F7, L3 and 3F4; 5F7, L3 and 3F5; 5F7, L3 and 3F6; 5F7, L3 and 3F7; 5F8, L3 and 3F1; 5F8, L3 and 3F2; 5F8, L3 and 3F3; 5F8, L3 and 3F4; 5F8, L3 and 3F5; 5F8, L3 and 3F6; 5F8, L3 and 3F7; 5F9, L3 and 3F1; 5F9, L3 and 3F2; 5F9, L3 and 3F3; 5F9, L3 and 3F4; 5F9, L3 and 3F5; 5F9, L3 and 3F6; 5F9, L3 and 3F7; 5F1, L4 and 3F1; 5F1, L4 and 3F2; 5F1, L4 and 3F3; 5F1, L4 and 3F4; 5F1, L4 and 3F5; 5F1, L4 and 3F6; 5F1, L4 and 3F7; 5F2, L4 and 3F1; 5F2, L4 and 3F2; 5F2, L4 and 3F3; 5F2, L4 and 3F4; 5F2, L4 and 3F5; 5F2, L4 and 3F6; 5F2, L4 and 3F7; 5F3, L4 and 3F1; 5F3, L4 and 3F2; 5F3, L4 and 3F3; 5F3, L4 and 3F4; 5F3, L4 and 3F5; 5F3, L4 and 3F6; 5F3, L4 and 3F7; 5F4, L4 and 3F1; 5F4, L4 and 3F2; 5F4, L4 and 3F3; 5F4, L4 and 3F4; 5F4, L4 and 3F5; 5F4, L4 and 3F6; 5F4, L4 and 3F7; 5F5, L4 and 3F1; 5F5, L4 and 3F2; 5F5, L4 and 3F3; 5F5, L4 and 3F4; 5F5, L4 and 3F5; 5F5, L4 and 3F6; 5F5, L4 and 3F7; 5F6, L4 and 3F1; 5F6, L4 and 3F2; 5F6, L4 and 3F3; 5F6, L4 and 3F4; 5F6, L4 and 3F5; 5F6, L4 and 3F6; 5F6, L4 and 3F7; 5F7, L4 and 3F1; 5F7, L4 and 3F2; 5F7, L4 and 3F3; 5F7, L4 and 3F4; 5F7, L4 and 3F5; 5F7, L4 and 3F6; 5F7, L4 and 3F7; 5F8, L4 and 3F1; 5F8, L4 and 3F2; 5F8, L4 and 3F3; 5F8, L4 and 3F4; 5F8, L4 and 3F5; 5F8, L4 and 3F6; 5F8, L4 and 3F7; 5F9, L4 and 3F1; 5F9, L4 and 3F2; 5F9, L4 and 3F3; 5F9, L4 and 3F4; 5F9, L4 and 3F5; 5F9, L4 and 3F6; 5F9, L4 and 3F7; 5F1, L5 and 3F1; 5F1, L5 and 3F2; 5F1, L5 and 3F3; 5F1, L5 and 3F4; 5F1, L5 and 3F5; 5F1, L5 and 3F6; 5F1, L5 and 3F7; 5F2, L5 and 3F1; 5F2, L5 and 3F2; 5F2, L5 and 3F3; 5F2, L5 and 3F4; 5F2, L5 and 3F5; 5F2, L5 and 3F6; 5F2, L5 and 3F7; 5F3, L5 and 3F1; 5F3, L5 and 3F2; 5F3, L5 and 3F3; 5F3, L5 and 3F4; 5F3, L5 and 3F5; 5F3, L5 and 3F6; 5F3, L5 and 3F7; 5F4, L5 and 3F1; 5F4, L5 and 3F2; 5F4, L5 and 3F3; 5F4, L5 and 3F4; 5F4, L5 and 3F5; 5F4, L5 and 3F6; 5F4, L5 and 3F7; 5F5, L5 and 3F1; 5F5, L5 and 3F2; 5F5, L5 and 3F3; 5F5, L5 and 3F4; 5F5, L5 and 3F5; 5F5, L5 and 3F6; 5F5, L5 and 3F7; 5F6, L5 and 3F1; 5F6, L5 and 3F2; 5F6, L5 and 3F3; 5F6, L5 and 3F4; 5F6, L5 and 3F5; 5F6, L5 and 3F6; 5F6, L5 and 3F7; 5F7, L5 and 3F1; 5F7, L5 and 3F2; 5F7, L5 and 3F3; 5F7, L5 and 3F4; 5F7, L5 and 3F5; 5F7, L5 and 3F6; 5F7, L5 and 3F7; 5F8, L5 and 3F1; 5F8, L5 and 3F2; 5F8, L5 and 3F3; 5F8, L5 and 3F4; 5F8, L5 and 3F5; 5F8, L5 and 3F6; 5F8, L5 and 3F7; 5F9, L5 and 3F1; 5F9, L5 and 3F2; 5F9, L5 and 3F3; 5F9, L5 and 3F4; 5F9, L5 and 3F5; 5F9, L5 and 3F6; 5F9, L5 and 3F7; 5F1, L6 and 3F1; 5F1, L6 and 3F2; 5F1, L6 and 3F3; 5F1, L6 and 3F4; 5F1, L6 and 3F5; 5F1, L6 and 3F6; 5F1, L6 and 3F7; 5F2, L6 and 3F1; 5F2, L6 and 3F2; 5F2, L6 and 3F3; 5F2, L6 and 3F4; 5F2, L6 and 3F5; 5F2, L6 and 3F6; 5F2, L6 and 3F7; 5F3, L6 and 3F1; 5F3, L6 and 3F2; 5F3, L6 and 3F3; 5F3, L6 and 3F4; 5F3, L6 and 3F5; 5F3, L6 and 3F6; 5F3, L6 and 3F7; 5F4, L6 and 3F1; 5F4, L6 and 3F2; 5F4, L6 and 3F3; 5F4, L6 and 3F4; 5F4, L6 and 3F5; 5F4, L6 and 3F6; 5F4, L6 and 3F7; 5F5, L6 and 3F1; 5F5, L6 and 3F2; 5F5, L6 and 3F3; 5F5, L6 and 3F4; 5F5, L6 and 3F5; 5F5, L6 and 3F6; 5F5, L6 and 3F7; 5F6, L6 and 3F1; 5F6, L6 and 3F2; 5F6, L6 and 3F3; 5F6, L6 and 3F4; 5F6, L6 and 3F5; 5F6, L6 and 3F6; 5F6, L6 and 3F7; 5F7, L6 and 3F1; 5F7, L6 and 3F2; 5F7, L6 and 3F3; 5F7, L6 and 3F4; 5F7, L6 and 3F5; 5F7, L6 and 3F6; 5F7, L6 and 3F7; 5F8, L6 and 3F1; 5F8, L6 and 3F2; 5F8, L6 and 3F3; 5F8, L6 and 3F4; 5F8, L6 and 3F5; 5F8, L6 and 3F6; 5F8, L6 and 3F7; 5F9, L6 and 3F1; 5F9, L6 and 3F2; 5F9, L6 and 3F3; 5F9, L6 and 3F4; 5F9, L6 and 3F5; 5F9, L6 and 3F6; 5F9, L6 and 3F7; 5F1, L7 and 3F1; 5F1, L7 and 3F2; 5F1, L7 and 3F3; 5F1, L7 and 3F4; 5F1, L7 and 3F5; 5F1, L7 and 3F6; 5F1, L7 and 3F7; 5F2, L7 and 3F1; 5F2, L7 and 3F2; 5F2, L7 and 3F3; 5F2, L7 and 3F4; 5F2, L7 and 3F5; 5F2, L7 and 3F6; 5F2, L7 and 3F7; 5F3, L7 and 3F1; 5F3, L7 and 3F2; 5F3, L7 and 3F3; 5F3, L7 and 3F4; 5F3, L7 and 3F5; 5F3, L7 and 3F6; 5F3, L7 and 3F7; 5F4, L7 and 3F1; 5F4, L7 and 3F2; 5F4, L7 and 3F3; 5F4, L7 and 3F4; 5F4, L7 and 3F5; 5F4, L7 and 3F6; 5F4, L7 and 3F7; 5F5, L7 and 3F1; 5F5, L7 and 3F2; 5F5, L7 and 3F3; 5F5, L7 and 3F4; 5F5, L7 and 3F5; 5F5, L7 and 3F6; 5F5, L7 and 3F7; 5F6, L7 and 3F1; 5F6, L7 and 3F2; 5F6, L7 and 3F3; 5F6, L7 and 3F4; 5F6, L7 and 3F5; 5F6, L7 and 3F6; 5F6, L7 and 3F7; 5F7, L7 and 3F1; 5F7, L7 and 3F2; 5F7, L7 and 3F3; 5F7, L7 and 3F4; 5F7, L7 and 3F5; 5F7, L7 and 3F6; 5F7, L7 and 3F7; 5F8, L7 and 3F1; 5F8, L7 and 3F2; 5F8, L7 and 3F3; 5F8, L7 and 3F4; 5F8, L7 and 3F5; 5F8, L7 and 3F6; 5F8, L7 and 3F7; 5F9, L7 and 3F1; 5F9, L7 and 3F2; 5F9, L7 and 3F3; 5F9, L7 and 3F4; 5F9, L7 and 3F5; 5F9, L7 and 3F6; 5F9, L7 and 3F7; 5F1, L8 and 3F1; 5F1, L8 and 3F2; 5F1, L8 and 3F3; 5F1, L8 and 3F4; 5F1, L8 and 3F5; 5F1, L8 and 3F6; 5F1, L8 and 3F7; 5F2, L8 and 3F1; 5F2, L8 and 3F2; 5F2, L8 and 3F3; 5F2, L8 and 3F4; 5F2, L8 and 3F5; 5F2, L8 and 3F6; 5F2, L8 and 3F7; 5F3, L8 and 3F1; 5F3, L8 and 3F2; 5F3, L8 and 3F3; 5F3, L8 and 3F4; 5F3, L8 and 3F5; 5F3, L8 and 3F6; 5F3, L8 and 3F7; 5F4, L8 and 3F1; 5F4, L8 and 3F2; 5F4, L8 and 3F3; 5F4, L8 and 3F4; 5F4, L8 and 3F5; 5F4, L8 and 3F6; 5F4, L8 and 3F7; 5F5, L8 and 3F1; 5F5, L8 and 3F2; 5F5, L8 and 3F3; 5F5, L8 and 3F4; 5F5, L8 and 3F5; 5F5, L8 and 3F6; 5F5, L8 and 3F7; 5F6, L8 and 3F1; 5F6, L8 and 3F2; 5F6, L8 and 3F3; 5F6, L8 and 3F4; 5F6, L8 and 3F5; 5F6, L8 and 3F6; 5F6, L8 and 3F7; 5F7, L8 and 3F1; 5F7, L8 and 3F2; 5F7, L8 and 3F3; 5F7, L8 and 3F4; 5F7, L8 and 3F5; 5F7, L8 and 3F6; 5F7, L8 and 3F7; 5F8, L8 and 3F1; 5F8, L8 and 3F2; 5F8, L8 and 3F3; 5F8, L8 and 3F4; 5F8, L8 and 3F5; 5F8, L8 and 3F6; 5F8, L8 and 3F7; 5F9, L8 and 3F1; 5F9, L8 and 3F2; 5F9, L8 and 3F3; 5F9, L8 and 3F4; 5F9, L8 and 3F5; 5F9, L8 and 3F6; 5F9, L8 and 3F7; 5F1, L9 and 3F1; 5F1, L9 and 3F2; 5F1, L9 and 3F3; 5F1, L9 and 3F4; 5F1, L9 and 3F5; 5F1, L9 and 3F6; 5F1, L9 and 3F7; 5F2, L9 and 3F1; 5F2, L9 and 3F2; 5F2, L9 and 3F3; 5F2, L9 and 3F4; 5F2, L9 and 3F5; 5F2, L9 and 3F6; 5F2, L9 and 3F7; 5F3, L9 and 3F1; 5F3, L9 and 3F2; 5F3, L9 and 3F3; 5F3, L9 and 3F4; 5F3, L9 and 3F5; 5F3, L9 and 3F6; 5F3, L9 and 3F7; 5F4, L9 and 3F1; 5F4, L9 and 3F2; 5F4, L9 and 3F3; 5F4, L9 and 3F4; 5F4, L9 and 3F5; 5F4, L9 and 3F6; 5F4, L9 and 3F7; 5F5, L9 and 3F1; 5F5, L9 and 3F2; 5F5, L9 and 3F3; 5F5, L9 and 3F4; 5F5, L9 and 3F5; 5F5, L9 and 3F6; 5F5, L9 and 3F7; 5F6, L9 and 3F1; 5F6, L9 and 3F2; 5F6, L9 and 3F3; 5F6, L9 and 3F4; 5F6, L9 and 3F5; 5F6, L9 and 3F6; 5F6, L9 and 3F7; 5F7, L9 and 3F1; 5F7, L9 and 3F2; 5F7, L9 and 3F3; 5F7, L9 and 3F4; 5F7, L9 and 3F5; 5F7, L9 and 3F6; 5F7, L9 and 3F7; 5F8, L9 and 3F1; 5F8, L9 and 3F2; 5F8, L9 and 3F3; 5F8, L9 and 3F4; 5F8, L9 and 3F5; 5F8, L9 and 3F6; 5F8, L9 and 3F7; 5F9, L9 and 3F1; 5F9, L9 and 3F2; 5F9, L9 and 3F3; 5F9, L9 and 3F4; 5F9, L9 and 3F5; 5F9, L9 and 3F6; 5F9, L9 and 3F7; 5F1, L10 and 3F1; 5F1, L10 and 3F2; 5F1, L10 and 3F3; 5F1, L10 and 3F4; 5F1, L10 and 3F5; 5F1, L10 and 3F6; 5F1, L10 and 3F7; 5F2, L10 and 3F1; 5F2, L10 and 3F2; 5F2, L10 and 3F3; 5F2, L10 and 3F4; 5F2, L10 and 3F5; 5F2, L10 and 3F6; 5F2, L10 and 3F7; 5F3, L10 and 3F1; 5F3, L10 and 3F2; 5F3, L10 and 3F3; 5F3, L10 and 3F4; 5F3, L10 and 3F5; 5F3, L10 and 3F6; 5F3, L10 and 3F7; 5F4, L10 and 3F1; 5F4, L10 and 3F2; 5F4, L10 and 3F3; 5F4, L10 and 3F4; 5F4, L10 and 3F5; 5F4, L10 and 3F6; 5F4, L10 and 3F7; 5F5, L10 and 3F1; 5F5, L10 and 3F2; 5F5, L10 and 3F3; 5F5, L10 and 3F4; 5F5, L10 and 3F5; 5F5, L10 and 3F6; 5F5, L10 and 3F7; 5F6, L10 and 3F1; 5F6, L10 and 3F2; 5F6, L10 and 3F3; 5F6, L10 and 3F4; 5F6, L10 and 3F5; 5F6, L10 and 3F6; 5F6, L10 and 3F7; 5F7, L10 and 3F1; 5F7, L10 and 3F2; 5F7, L10 and 3F3; 5F7, L10 and 3F4; 5F7, L10 and 3F5; 5F7, L10 and 3F6; 5F7, L10 and 3F7; 5F8, L10 and 3F1; 5F8, L10 and 3F2; 5F8, L10 and 3F3; 5F8, L10 and 3F4; 5F8, L10 and 3F5; 5F8, L10 and 3F6; 5F8, L10 and 3F7; 5F9, L10 and 3F1; 5F9, L10 and 3F2; 5F9, L10 and 3F3; 5F9, L10 and 3F4; 5F9, L10 and 3F5; 5F9, L10 and 3F6; and 5F9, L10 and 3F7.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 5′ flanking region, at least one L8 loop motif region, and at least one 3F5 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L5 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L7 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L6 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F5 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L2 loop motif region, and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F3 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L5 loop motif region, and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L2 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L3 loop motif region, and at least one 3F3 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be a natural pri-miRNA scaffold. As a non-limiting example, the molecular scaffold may be a scaffold derived from the human miR155 scaffold.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise one or more linkers known in the art. The linkers may separate regions or one molecular scaffold from another. As a non-limiting example, the molecular scaffold may be polycistronic.

Modulatory Polynucleotide Comprising Molecular Scaffold and siRNA Molecules Targeting HTT

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotide may comprise 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, loop motif region, and nucleic acid sequences encoding sense sequence and antisense sequence as described in Tables 13 and 14. In Tables 13 and 14, the DNA sequence identifier for the passenger and guide strands are described as well as the 5′ and 3′ Flanking Regions and the Loop region (also referred to as the linker region). In Tables 13 and 14, the “miR” component of the name of the sequence does not necessarily correspond to the sequence numbering of miRNA genes (e.g., VOYHTmiR-102 is the name of the sequence and does not necessarily mean that miR-102 is part of the sequence).

TABLE 13
HTT Modulatory Polynucleotide Sequence Regions (5′ to 3′)
Modulatory	5′ Flanking to	5′				3′
Polynucleotide	3′ Flanking	Flanking	Passenger	Loop	uide	Flanking
Construct Name	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO
VOYHTmiR-102.214	1523	1504	1636	1511	677	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.214	1524	1504	1643	1511	677	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.214	1525	1504	1650	1512	677	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.214	1526	1504	1657	1511	677	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.214	1527	1504	1650	1511	677	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.214	1528	1505	1650	1513	674	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.218	1529	1504	1637	1511	678	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.218	1530	1504	1644	1511	678	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.218	1531	1504	1651	1512	678	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.218	1532	1504	1658	1511	678	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.218	1533	1504	1651	1511	678	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.218	1534	1505	1651	1513	678	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.219.o	1535	1504	1620	1511	673	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.219.o	1536	1504	1623	1511	673	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.219.o	1537	1504	1620	1512	673	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.219	1538	1504	1626	1511	673	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.219.o	1539	1504	1629	1511	673	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.219.o	1540	1505	1620	1513	673	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.219.n	1541	1504	1632	1511	673	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.219.n	1542	1504	1633	1511	673	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.219.n	1543	1504	1632	1512	673	1518
VOYHTmiR-116.219.n	1544	1504	1634	1511	673	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.219.n	1545	1505	1632	1513	673	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.257	1546	1504	1638	1511	679	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.257	1547	1504	1645	1511	679	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.257	1548	1504	1652	1512	679	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.257	1549	1504	1659	1511	679	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.257	1550	1504	1652	1511	679	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.257	1551	1505	1652	1513	679	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.894	1552	1504	1621	1511	674	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.894	1553	1504	1624	1511	674	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.894	1554	1504	1621	1512	674	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.894	1555	1504	1627	1511	674	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.894	1556	1504	1630	1511	674	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.894	1557	1505	1621	1513	674	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.907	1558	1504	1641	1511	682	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.907	1559	1504	1648	1511	682	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.907	1560	1504	1655	1512	682	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.907	1561	1504	1662	1511	682	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.907	1562	1504	1655	1511	682	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.907	1563	1505	1655	1513	682	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.372	1564	1504	1639	1511	680	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.372	1565	1504	1646	1511	680	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.372	1566	1504	1653	1512	680	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.372	1567	1504	1660	1511	680	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.372	1568	1504	1653	1511	680	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.372	1569	1505	1653	1513	680	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.425	1570	1504	1640	1511	681	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.425	1571	1504	1647	1511	681	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.425	1572	1504	1654	1512	681	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.425	1573	1504	1661	1511	681	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.425	1574	1504	1654	1511	681	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.425	1575	1505	1654	1513	681	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.032	1576	1504	1664	1511	684	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.032	1577	1504	1666	1511	684	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.032	1578	1504	1668	1512	684	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.032	1579	1504	1670	1511	684	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.032	1580	1504	1668	1511	684	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.032	1581	1505	1668	1513	684	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.020	1582	1504	1663	1511	683	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.020	1583	1504	1665	1511	683	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.020	1584	1504	1667	1512	683	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.020	1585	1504	1669	1511	683	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.020	1586	1504	1667	1511	683	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.020	1587	1505	1667	1513	683	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.016	1588	1504	1635	1511	676	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589	1504	1642	1511	676	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.016	1590	1504	1649	1512	676	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.016	1591	1504	1656	1511	676	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.016	1592	1504	1649	1511	676	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.016	1593	1505	1649	1513	676	1520
VOYHTmiR-102.579	1594	1504	1622	1511	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579	1595	1504	1625	1511	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.579	1596	1504	1622	1512	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.579	1597	1504	1628	1511	675	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.579	1598	1504	1631	1511	675	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599	1505	1622	1513	675	1520
VOYHTmiR-104.579.1	1600	1504	1671	1514	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579.2	1601	1503	1671	1514	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579.3	1602	1503	1671	1510	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579.4	1603	1506	1671	1514	675	1521
VOYHTmiR-104.579.6	1604	1507	1671	1514	675	1521
VOYHTmiR-104.579.7	1605	1508	1671	1514	685	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579.8	1606	1503	1672	1515	675	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579.9	1607	1509	1671	1514	675	1522
VOYHTmiR-102.020	1608	1504	1663	1511	683	1518
VOYHTmiR-102.032	1609	1504	1664	1511	684	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.020	1610	1504	1665	1511	683	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.032	1611	1504	1666	1511	684	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.020	1612	1504	1667	1512	683	1518
VOYHTmiR-109.032	1613	1504	1668	1512	684	1518
VOYHTmiR-114.020	1614	1504	1669	1511	683	1519
VOYHTmiR-114.032	1615	1504	1670	1511	684	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.020	1616	1504	1667	1511	683	1519
VOYHTmiR-116.032	1617	1504	1668	1511	684	1519
VOYHTmiR-127.020	1618	1505	1667	1513	683	1520
VOYHTmiR-127.032	1619	1505	1668	1513	684	1520

TABLE 14
HTT Modulatory Polynucleotide Sequence Region (5′ to 3′)
	5′ Flanking to	5′				3′
	3′ Flanking	Flanking	Passenger	Loop	Guide	Flanking
Name	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO
VOYHTmiR-104.579.5	1686	1503	1688	1516	1690	1518
VOYHTmiR-104.579.10	1687	1509	1689	1517	1691	1532

Modulatory Polynucleotide Comprising Molecular Scaffold and siRNA Molecules Targeting SOD1

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotide may comprise 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, loop motif region, and nucleic acid sequences encoding sense sequence and antisense sequence as described in Tables 15 and 16. In Tables 15 and 16, the DNA sequence identifier for the passenger and guide strands are described as well as the 5′ and 3′ Flanking Regions and the Loop region (also referred to as the linker region). In Tables 15 and 16, the “miR” component of the name of the sequence does not necessarily correspond to the sequence numbering of miRNA genes (e.g., VOYSOD1miR-102 is the name of the sequence and does not necessarily mean that miR-102 is part of the sequence).

TABLE 15
SOD1 Modulatory Polynucleotide Sequence Regions (5′ to 3′)
Modulatory	5′ Flanking to	5′				3′
Polynucleotide	3′ Flanking	Flanking	Passenger	Loop	uide	Flanking
Construct Name	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO
VOYSOD1miR-101	1696	1692	1746	1510	747	1695
VOYSOD1miR-102	1697	1503	1746	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-103	1698	1503	1748	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104	1699	1503	1749	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-105	1700	1503	1750	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-106	1701	1503	1751	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-107	1702	1503	1752	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-108	1703	1503	1754	1510	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-109	1704	1503	1746	1511	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-110	1705	1503	1746	1693	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-111	1706	1503	1753	1694	747	1518
VOYSOD1miR-112	1707	1503	1746	1510	747	1519
VOYSOD1miR-113	1708	1503	1748	1510	747	1519
VOYSOD1miR-114	1709	1503	1751	1510	747	1519
VOYSOD1miR-115	1710	1503	1753	1694	747	1519
VOYSOD1miR-116	1711	1503	1749	1510	747	1519
VOYSOD1miR-117	1712	1503	1755	1510	756	1518
VOYSOD1miR-118	1713	1503	1757	1510	758	1518
VOYSOD1miR-119	1714	1503	1759	1510	760	1518
VOYSOD1miR-127	1715	1504	1746	1512	747	1520
VOYSOD1miR-102.860	1716	1503	1761	1510	762	1518
VOYSOD1miR-102.861	1717	1503	1763	1510	764	1518
VOYSOD1miR-102.866	1718	1503	1765	1510	760	1518
VOYSOD1miR-102.870	1719	1503	1766	1510	767	1518
VOYSOD1miR-102.823	1720	1503	1768	1510	758	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.860	1721	1503	1769	1510	762	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.861	1722	1503	1770	1510	764	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.866	1723	1503	1771	1510	760	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.870	1724	1503	1772	1510	767	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.823	1725	1503	1773	1510	758	1518
VOYSOD1miR-109.860	1726	1503	1761	1511	762	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.861	1727	1503	1763	1511	764	1518
VOYSOD1miR-104.866	1728	1503	1765	1511	760	1518
VOYSOD1miR-109.870	1729	1503	1766	1511	767	1518
VOYSOD1miR-109.823	1730	1503	1768	1511	758	1518
VOYSOD1miR-114.860	1731	1503	1774	1510	762	1519
VOYSOD1miR-114.861	1732	1503	1775	1510	764	1519
VOYSOD1miR-114.866	1733	1503	1776	1510	760	1519
VOYSOD1miR-114.870	1734	1503	1777	1510	767	1519
VOYSOD1miR-114.823	1735	1503	1778	1510	758	1519
VOYSOD1miR-116.860	1736	1503	1769	1510	762	1519
VOYSOD1miR-116.861	1737	1503	1770	1510	764	1519
VOYSOD1miR-116.866	1738	1503	1779	1510	760	1519
VOYSOD1miR-116.870	1739	1503	1772	1510	767	1519
VOYSOD1miR-116.823	1740	1503	1773	1510	758	1519
VOYSOD1miR-127.860	1741	1504	1780	1512	762	1520
VOYSOD1miR-127.861	1742	1504	1763	1512	764	1520
VOYSOD1miR-127.866	1743	1504	1765	1512	760	1520
VOYSOD1miR-127.870	1744	1504	1766	1512	767	1520
VOYSOD1miR-127.823	1745	1504	1781	1512	758	1520

TABLE 16
SOD1 Modulatory Polynucleotide Sequence Region (5′ to 3′)
	5′ Flanking to	5′				3′
	3′ Flanking	Flanking	Passenger	Loop	Guide	Flanking
Name	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO	SEQ ID NO
VOYSOD1miR-120	1784	1782	1785	1511	1786	1783

AAV Particles Comprising Modulatory Polynucleotides

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequences. In such an embodiment, a viral genome encoding more than one polypeptide may be replicated and packaged into a viral particle. A target cell transduced with a viral particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may express the encoded sense and/or antisense sequences in a single cell.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles are useful in the field of medicine for the treatment, prophylaxis, palliation or amelioration of neurological diseases and/or disorders.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotide sequence which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one siRNA molecule may be introduced into mammalian cells.

Where the AAV particle payload region comprises a modulatory polynucleotide, the modulatory polynucleotide may comprise sense and/or antisense sequences to knock down a target gene. The AAV viral genomes encoding modulatory polynucleotides described herein may be useful in the fields of human disease, viruses, infections veterinary applications and a variety of in vivo and in vitro settings.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. The ITR region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, and 175 nucleotides. The length of the ITR region for the viral genome may be 75-80, 75-85, 75-100, 80-85, 80-90, 80-105, 85-90, 85-95, 85-110, 90-95, 90-100, 90-115, 95-100, 95-105, 95-120, 100-105, 100-110, 100-125, 105-110, 105-115, 105-130, 110-115, 110-120, 110-135, 115-120, 115-125, 115-140, 120-125, 120-130, 120-145, 125-130, 125-135, 125-150, 130-135, 130-140, 130-155, 135-140, 135-145, 135-160, 140-145, 140-150, 140-165, 145-150, 145-155, 145-170, 150-155, 150-160, 150-175, 155-160, 155-165, 160-165, 160-170, 165-170, 165-175, and 170-175 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 105 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 141 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 130 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprises two inverted terminal repeat (ITR) regions. Each of the ITR regions may independently have a length such as, but not limited to, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, and 175 nucleotides. The length of the ITR regions for the viral genome may be 75-80, 75-85, 75-100, 80-85, 80-90, 80-105, 85-90, 85-95, 85-110, 90-95, 90-100, 90-115, 95-100, 95-105, 95-120, 100-105, 100-110, 100-125, 105-110, 105-115, 105-130, 110-115, 110-120, 110-135, 115-120, 115-125, 115-140, 120-125, 120-130, 120-145, 125-130, 125-135, 125-150, 130-135, 130-140, 130-155, 135-140, 135-145, 135-160, 140-145, 140-150, 140-165, 145-150, 145-155, 145-170, 150-155, 150-160, 150-175, 155-160, 155-165, 160-165, 160-170, 165-170, 165-175, and 170-175 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 105 nucleotides in length and 141 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 105 nucleotides in length and 130 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 130 nucleotides in length and 141 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one sequence region as described in Tables 17-24. The regions may be located before or after any of the other sequence regions described herein.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR sequence regions are described in Table 17.

TABLE 17
Inverted Terminal Repeat (ITR) Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO
ITR1                 1787
ITR2                 1788
ITR3                 1789
ITR4                 1790

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two ITR sequence regions. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR1 sequence region and the ITR3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR1 sequence region and the ITR4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR2 sequence region and the ITR3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR2 sequence region and the ITR4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence region. The MCS region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, and 150 nucleotides. The length of the MCS region for the viral genome may be 2-10, 5-10, 5-15, 10-20, 10-30, 10-40, 15-20, 15-25, 20-30, 20-40, 20-50, 25-30, 25-35, 30-40, 30-50, 30-60, 35-40, 35-45, 40-50, 40-60, 40-70, 45-50, 45-55, 50-60, 50-70, 50-80, 55-60, 55-65, 60-70, 60-80, 60-90, 65-70, 65-75, 70-80, 70-90, 70-100, 75-80, 75-85, 80-90, 80-100, 80-110, 85-90, 85-95, 90-100, 90-110, 90-120, 95-100, 95-105, 100-110, 100-120, 100-130, 105-110, 105-115, 110-120, 110-130, 110-140, 115-120, 115-125, 120-130, 120-140, 120-150, 125-130, 125-135, 130-140, 130-150, 135-140, 135-145, 140-150, and 145-150 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 5 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 10 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 14 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 18 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 73 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 121 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions. Non-limiting examples of MCS sequence regions are described in Table 18.

TABLE 18
Multiple Cloning Site (MCS) Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO or Sequence
MCS1                 1791
MCS2                 1792
MCS3                 1793
MCS4                 1794
MCS5                 TCGAG
MCS6                 1795

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one MCS sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two MCS sequence regions. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS4 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS4 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS5 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two or more MCS sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises three MCS sequence regions. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS4 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one multiple filler sequence region. The filler region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2665, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2726, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2745, 2746, 2747, 2748, 2749, 2750, 2751, 2752, 2753, 2754, 2755, 2756, 2757, 2758, 2759, 2760, 2761, 2762, 2763, 2764, 2765, 2766, 2767, 2768, 2769, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2776, 2777, 2778, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 2788, 2789, 2790, 2791, 2792, 2793, 2794, 2795, 2796, 2797, 2798, 2799, 2800, 2801, 2802, 2803, 2804, 2805, 2806, 2807, 2808, 2809, 2810, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2814, 2815, 2816, 2817, 2818, 2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831, 2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2838, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862, 2863, 2864, 2865, 2866, 2867, 2868, 2869, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2947, 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966, 2967, 2968, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973, 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152, 3153, 3154, 3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3165, 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, and 3250 nucleotides. The length of any filler region for the viral genome may be 50-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-750, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, 950-1000, 1000-1050, 1050-1100, 1100-1150, 1150-1200, 1200-1250, 1250-1300, 1300-1350, 1350-1400, 1400-1450, 1450-1500, 1500-1550, 1550-1600, 1600-1650, 1650-1700, 1700-1750, 1750-1800, 1800-1850, 1850-1900, 1900-1950, 1950-2000, 2000-2050, 2050-2100, 2100-2150, 2150-2200, 2200-2250, 2250-2300, 2300-2350, 2350-2400, 2400-2450, 2450-2500, 2500-2550, 2550-2600, 2600-2650, 2650-2700, 2700-2750, 2750-2800, 2800-2850, 2850-2900, 2900-2950, 2950-3000, 3000-3050, 3050-3100, 3100-3150, 3150-3200, and 3200-3250 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 55 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 56 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 97 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 103 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 105 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 357 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 363 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 712 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 714 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1203 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1209 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1512 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1519 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2395 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2403 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2405 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 3013 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 3021 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one multiple filler sequence region. The filler region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2665, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2726, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2745, 2746, 2747, 2748, 2749, 2750, 2751, 2752, 2753, 2754, 2755, 2756, 2757, 2758, 2759, 2760, 2761, 2762, 2763, 2764, 2765, 2766, 2767, 2768, 2769, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2776, 2777, 2778, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 2788, 2789, 2790, 2791, 2792, 2793, 2794, 2795, 2796, 2797, 2798, 2799, 2800, 2801, 2802, 2803, 2804, 2805, 2806, 2807, 2808, 2809, 2810, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2814, 2815, 2816, 2817, 2818, 2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831, 2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2838, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862, 2863, 2864, 2865, 2866, 2867, 2868, 2869, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2947, 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966, 2967, 2968, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973, 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152, 3153, 3154, 3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161, 3162, 3163, 3164, 3165, 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, and 3250 nucleotides. The length of any filler region for the viral genome may be 50-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-750, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, 950-1000, 1000-1050, 1050-1100, 1100-1150, 1150-1200, 1200-1250, 1250-1300, 1300-1350, 1350-1400, 1400-1450, 1450-1500, 1500-1550, 1550-1600, 1600-1650, 1650-1700, 1700-1750, 1750-1800, 1800-1850, 1850-1900, 1900-1950, 1950-2000, 2000-2050, 2050-2100, 2100-2150, 2150-2200, 2200-2250, 2250-2300, 2300-2350, 2350-2400, 2400-2450, 2450-2500, 2500-2550, 2550-2600, 2600-2650, 2650-2700, 2700-2750, 2750-2800, 2800-2850, 2850-2900, 2900-2950, 2950-3000, 3000-3050, 3050-3100, 3100-3150, 3150-3200, and 3200-3250 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 55 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 56 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 97 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 103 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 105 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 357 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 363 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 712 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 714 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1203 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1209 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1512 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1519 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2395 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2403 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2405 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 3013 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 3021 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence regions. Non-limiting examples of filler sequence regions are described in Table 19.

TABLE 19
Filler Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO
FILL1                1796
FILL2                1797
FILL3                1798
FILL4                1799
FILL5                1800
FILL6                1801
FILL7                1802
FILL8                1803
FILL9                1804
FILL10               1805
FILL11               1806
FILL12               1807
FILL13               1808
FILL14               1809
FILL15               1810
FILL16               1811
FILL17               1812
FILL18               1813

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one filler sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL18 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two filler sequence regions. In one embodiment, the two filler sequence regions are the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises three filler sequence regions. In one embodiment, the two filler sequence regions are the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one enhancer sequence region. The enhancer sequence region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, and 400 nucleotides. The length of the enhancer region for the viral genome may be 300-310, 300-325, 305-315, 310-320, 315-325, 320-330, 325-335, 325-350, 330-340, 335-345, 340-350, 345-355, 350-360, 350-375, 355-365, 360-370, 365-375, 370-380, 375-385, 375-400, 380-390, 385-395, and 390-400 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an enhancer region that is about 303 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an enhancer region that is about 382 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one enhancer sequence region. Non-limiting examples of enhancer sequence regions are described in Table 20.

TABLE 20
Enhancer Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO
Enhancer1            1814
Enhancer2            1815

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one enhancer sequence region. In one embodiment, the enhancer sequence regions is the Enhancer1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the enhancer sequence regions is the Enhancer2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two enhancer sequence regions. In one embodiment, the enhancer sequence regions are the Enhancer1 sequence region and the Enhancer 2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one promoter sequence region. The promoter sequence region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, and 600 nucleotides. The length of the promoter region for the viral genome may be 4-10, 10-20, 10-50, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 50-100, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, 100-110, 100-150, 110-120, 120-130, 130-140, 140-150, 150-160, 150-200, 160-170, 170-180, 180-190, 190-200, 200-210, 200-250, 210-220, 220-230, 230-240, 240-250, 250-260, 250-300, 260-270, 270-280, 280-290, 290-300, 300-310, 300-350, 310-320, 320-330, 330-340, 340-350, 350-360, 350-400, 360-370, 370-380, 380-390, 390-400, 400-410, 400-450, 410-420, 420-430, 430-440, 440-450, 450-460, 450-500, 460-470, 470-480, 480-490, 490-500, 500-510, 500-550, 510-520, 520-530, 530-540, 540-550, 550-560, 550-600, 560-570, 570-580, 580-590, and 590-600 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 4 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 17 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 204 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 219 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 260 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 303 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 382 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 588 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one promoter sequence region. Non-limiting examples of promoter sequence regions are described in Table 21.

TABLE 21
Promoter Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO or Sequence
Promoter1            1816
Promoter2            1817
Promoter3            GTTG
Promoter4            1818
Promoter5            1819
Promoter6            1820

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one promoter sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter4. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter5. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter6.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two promoter sequence regions. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3 sequence region, and the Promoter4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter4 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter4 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter5 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one exon sequence region. The exon region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, and 150 nucleotides. The length of the exon region for the viral genome may be 2-10, 5-10, 5-15, 10-20, 10-30, 10-40, 15-20, 15-25, 20-30, 20-40, 20-50, 25-30, 25-35, 30-40, 30-50, 30-60, 35-40, 35-45, 40-50, 40-60, 40-70, 45-50, 45-55, 50-60, 50-70, 50-80, 55-60, 55-65, 60-70, 60-80, 60-90, 65-70, 65-75, 70-80, 70-90, 70-100, 75-80, 75-85, 80-90, 80-100, 80-110, 85-90, 85-95, 90-100, 90-110, 90-120, 95-100, 95-105, 100-110, 100-120, 100-130, 105-110, 105-115, 110-120, 110-130, 110-140, 115-120, 115-125, 120-130, 120-140, 120-150, 125-130, 125-135, 130-140, 130-150, 135-140, 135-145, 140-150, and 145-150 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an exon region that is about 53 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an exon region that is about 134 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one Exon sequence region. Non-limiting examples of Exon sequence regions are described in Table 22.

TABLE 22
Exon Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO
Exon1                1821
Exon2                1822

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one Exon sequence region. In one embodiment, the Exon sequence regions is the Exon1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the Exon sequence regions is the Exon2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two Exon sequence regions. In one embodiment, the Exon sequence regions are the Exon1 sequence region and the Exon 2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one intron sequence region. The intron region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, and 350 nucleotides. The length of the intron region for the viral genome may be 25-35, 25-50, 35-45, 45-55, 50-75, 55-65, 65-75, 75-85, 75-100, 85-95, 95-105, 100-125, 105-115, 115-125, 125-135, 125-150, 135-145, 145-155, 150-175, 155-165, 165-175, 175-185, 175-200, 185-195, 195-205, 200-225, 205-215, 215-225, 225-235, 225-250, 235-245, 245-255, 250-275, 255-265, 265-275, 275-285, 275-300, 285-295, 295-305, 300-325, 305-315, 315-325, 325-335, 325-350, and 335-345 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 32 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 172 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 201 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 347 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one intron sequence region. Non-limiting examples of intron sequence regions are described in Table 23.

TABLE 23
Intron Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO
Intron1              1823
Intron2              1824
Intron3              1825
Intron4              1826

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one intron sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two intron sequence regions. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region and the Intron2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region and the Intron3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region and the Intron4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron2 sequence region and the Intron3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron2 sequence region and the Intron4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron3 sequence region and the Intron4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises three intron sequence regions. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region, the Intron2 sequence region, and the Intron3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region, the Intron2 sequence region, and the Intron4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region, the Intron3 sequence region, and the Intron4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron2 sequence region, the Intron3 sequence region, and the Intron4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region. The polyadenylation signal region sequence region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, and 600 nucleotides. The length of the polyadenylation signal sequence region for the viral genome may be 4-10, 10-20, 10-50, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 50-100, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, 100-110, 100-150, 110-120, 120-130, 130-140, 140-150, 150-160, 150-200, 160-170, 170-180, 180-190, 190-200, 200-210, 200-250, 210-220, 220-230, 230-240, 240-250, 250-260, 250-300, 260-270, 270-280, 280-290, 290-300, 300-310, 300-350, 310-320, 320-330, 330-340, 340-350, 350-360, 350-400, 360-370, 370-380, 380-390, 390-400, 400-410, 400-450, 410-420, 420-430, 430-440, 440-450, 450-460, 450-500, 460-470, 470-480, 480-490, 490-500, 500-510, 500-550, 510-520, 520-530, 530-540, 540-550, 550-560, 550-600, 560-570, 570-580, 580-590, and 590-600 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 127 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 225 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 476 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 477 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of polyA signal sequence regions are described in Table 24.

TABLE 24
PolyA Signal Sequence Regions
Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO
PolyA1               1827
PolyA2               1828
PolyA3               1829
PolyA4               1830

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one polyA signal sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises more than one polyA signal sequence region.

AAV particles may be modified to enhance the efficiency of delivery. Such modified AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be packaged efficiently and can be used to successfully infect the target cells at high frequency and with minimal toxicity.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be a human serotype AAV particle. Such human AAV particle may be derived from any known serotype, e.g., from any one of serotypes AAV1-AAV11. As non-limiting examples, AAV particles may be vectors comprising an AAV1-derived genome in an AAV1-derived capsid; vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV2-derived capsid; vectors comprising an AAV4-derived genome in an AAV4 derived capsid; vectors comprising an AAV6-derived genome in an AAV6 derived capsid or vectors comprising an AAV9-derived genome in an AAV9 derived capsid.

In other embodiments, the AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence for encoding siRNA molecules of the present invention may be a pseudotyped hybrid or chimeric AAV particle which contains sequences and/or components originating from at least two different AAV serotypes. Pseudotyped AAV particles may be vectors comprising an AAV genome derived from one AAV serotype and a capsid protein derived at least in part from a different AAV serotype. As non-limiting examples, such pseudotyped AAV particles may be vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV1-derived capsid; or vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV6-derived capsid; or vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV4-derived capsid; or an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV9-derived capsid. In like fashion, the present invention contemplates any hybrid or chimeric AAV particle.

In other embodiments, AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to deliver siRNA molecules to the central nervous system (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,180,613; the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

In some aspects, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may further comprise a modified capsid including peptides from non-viral origin. In other aspects, the AAV particle may contain a CNS specific chimeric capsid to facilitate the delivery of encoded siRNA duplexes into the brain and the spinal cord. For example, an alignment of cap nucleotide sequences from AAV variants exhibiting CNS tropism may be constructed to identify variable region (VR) sequence and structure.

Polycistronic AAV Particles Comprising Modulatory Polynucleotides

In one embodiment, the AAV vector comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding more than one modulatory polynucleotide. In one embodiment, the AAV vector comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding more than one siRNA molecule. The AAV vector may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more than 9 modulatory polynucleotides. The AAV vector may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more than 9 siRNA molecules.

When the AAV vector comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding more than one modulatory polynucleotide, e.g., siRNA molecule, the AAV vector may be referred to as polycistronic. When the nucleic acid sequence of the AAV vector encodes modulatory polynucleotide molecules, e.g., siRNA molecules, targeting a single target, then the AAV vector may be referred to as a “monospecific polycistronic” AAV vector. When the nucleic acid sequence of the AAV vector encodes modulatory polynucleotide molecules, e.g., siRNA molecules, targeting more than one target, then the AAV vector may be referred to as a “multispecific polycistronic” AAV vector. When the nucleic acid sequence of the AAV vector encodes siRNA molecules targeting two targets then the AAV vector may be referred to as a “bispecific polycistronic” AAV vector.

In one embodiment, the AAV vector comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding a modulatory polynucleotide, e.g., siRNA molecule, targeting a single target gene. The AAV vector may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more than 9 nucleic acid sequences encoding a single modulatory polynucleotide, e.g., siRNA molecule, targeting a single target gene. As a non-limiting example, the target gene is HTT. As another non-limiting example, the target gene is SOD1.

In one embodiment, the AAV vector is a monospecific polycistronic AAV vector and comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding two modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, targeting a target gene. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise the same sense strands. In another aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have at least 80% complementarity (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 90-95%, 90-100%) to the same region on the target gene sequence. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have complementarity to different regions of the target gene sequence. As a non-limiting example, the target gene is HTT. As another non-limiting example, the target gene is SOD1.

In one embodiment, the AAV vector is a monospecific polycistronic AAV vector and comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding three modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, targeting a target gene. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise the same sense strands. In another aspect, each of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands. In another aspect, two of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise the same sense strand and the third modulatory polynucleotide, e.g., siRNA molecule, comprises a different sense strand. In one aspect, each of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have at least 80% complementarity (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 90-95%, 90-100%) to the same region on the target gene sequence. In one aspect, two of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have at least 80% complementarity (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 90-95%, 90-100%) to the same region on the target gene sequence. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have complementarity to different regions of the target gene sequence. As a non-limiting example, the target gene is HTT. As another non-limiting example, the target gene is SOD1.

In one embodiment, the AAV vector is a monospecific polycistronic AAV vector and comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding four modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, targeting a target gene. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise the same sense strands. In another aspect, each of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands. In another aspect, two of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise a first sense strand sequence and the other two modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise a second sense strand sequence. In another aspect, three of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise a first sense strand sequence and the other modulatory polynucleotides e.g., siRNA molecule, comprises a second sense strand sequence. In one aspect, each of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have at least 80% complementarity (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 90-95%, 90-100%) to the same region on the target gene sequence. In one aspect, two of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have at least 80% complementarity (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 90-95%, 90-100%) to the same region on the target gene sequence. In one aspect, the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, comprise different sense strands which have complementarity to different regions of the target gene sequence. As a non-limiting example, the target gene is HTT. As another non-limiting example, the target gene is SOD1.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle is a bispecific polycistronic AAV particle and comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding two modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules. In one aspect, one of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, targets a first target gene and the other modulatory polynucleotide, e.g., siRNA molecule, targets a second target gene, and may reduce the expression of a protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the central nervous system to treat a disease or disorder of the central nervous system. As a non-limiting example, the target genes are HTT and SOD1 and the diseases are HD and ALS.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle is a multispecific polycistronic AAV particle and comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding two or more modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules. In one aspect, one of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, targets a first target gene and the other modulatory polynucleotide(s), e.g., siRNA molecule(s), targets a second target gene and may reduce the expression of a protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the central nervous system to treat a disease or disorder of the central nervous system. In one aspect, each of the modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., siRNA molecules, target a different mRNA to reduce the expression of a protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the central nervous system to treat a disease or disorder of the central nervous system. As a non-limiting example, the target genes are HTT and SOD1 and the diseases are HD and ALS.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may comprise modulatory polynucleotides comprising more than one molecular scaffold sequence. The AAV particle may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more than 9 molecular scaffold sequences.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one enhancer sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions, and at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 25. In Table 25, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC1 (SEQ ID NO: 1831)).

TABLE 25
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
Sequence	VOYPC1 (SEQ ID NO: 1831)
Regions	Region SEQ ID NO	Region length
5′ ITR	1788	105
CMV enhancer	1814	382
CBA Promoter	1816	260
Modulatory	1595	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.579)
Modulatory	1595	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.579)
Rabbit globin	1827	127
PolyA Signal
3′ ITR	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1831 (VOYPC1) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one enhancer sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, at least one intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions, and at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 26 and 27. In Table 26 and 27, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC2 (SEQ ID NO: 1832)).

TABLE 26
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences
	VOYPC2	VOYPC3	VOYPC4	VOYPC5
	(SEQ ID NO: 1832)	(SEQ ID NO: 1833)	(SEQ ID NO: 1834)	(SEQ ID NO: 1835)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
CMV enhancer	1814	382	1814	382	1814	382	1814	382
CBA Promoter	1816	260	1816	260	1816	260	1816	260
SV40 Intron	1823	172	1823	172	1823	172	1823	172
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Rabbit globin	1827	127	1827	127	1827	127	1827	127
PolyA Signal
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

TABLE 27
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences
	VOYPC6 (SEQ ID NO: 1836)	VOYPC7 (SEQ ID NO: 1837)	VOYPC8 (SEQ ID NO: 1838)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
CMV enhancer	1814	382	1814	382	1814	382
CBA Promoter	1816	260	1816	260	1816	260
SV40 Intron	1826	201	1826	201	1826	201
Modulatory	1593	260	—	—	1593	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1595	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.579)
Modulatory	1593	260	1593	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.016)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1595	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.579)
Rabbit globin	1827	127	1827	127	1827	127
PolyA Signal
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1832 (VOYPC2) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1833 (VOYPC3) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1834 (VOYPC4) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1835 (VOYPC5) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1836 (VOYPC6) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1837 (VOYPC7) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1838 (VOYPC8) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, two modulatory polynucleotide regions, and at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region a CBA promoter sequence region, a H1 promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT). Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 28. In Table 28, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC1 (SEQ ID NO: 1831)).

TABLE 28
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences
	VOYPC9	VOYPC10	VOYPC11	VOYPC12
	(SEQ ID NO: 1839)	(SEQ ID NO: 1840)	(SEQ ID NO: 1841)	(SEQ ID NO: 1842)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
CBA Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a Pol III promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a type 3 Pol III promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a H1 promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a U6 promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a U3 promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a U7 promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 7SK promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises an MRP promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a Pol II promoter. In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a truncated Pol II promoter.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1839 (VOYPC9) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a H1 promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1840 (VOYPC10) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a H1 promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1841 (VOYPC11) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a H1 promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1842 (VOYPC12) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a H1 promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest, and two H1 terminator sequences, where each modulatory polynucleotide sequence region is driven by its own Pol III promoter, for example, type 3 Pol III promoter, e.g., H1 promoter, and followed by its own promoter terminator sequence, e.g., H1 terminator sequence. Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having these sequence modules are described in Table 29. In Table 29, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC59 (SEQ ID NO: 2682))

TABLE 29
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences
	VOYPC59	VOYPC60	VOYPC61	VOYPC62
	(SEQ ID NO: 2682)	(SEQ ID NO: 2683)	(SEQ ID NO: 2684)	(SEQ ID NO: 2685)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5
H1 Promoter			1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory			1599	260	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 Terminator			2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 Promoter	1819	219			1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158			1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5			2681	5
H1 Promoter							1819	219
Modulatory							1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 Terminator							2681	5
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 2682 (VOYPC59) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and two H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 2683 (VOYPC60) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and two H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 2684 (VOYPC61) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and two H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 2685 (VOYPC62) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and two H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises two promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide regions and at least one polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT) and a polyadenylation sequence region. Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 30 and 31. In Tables 30 and 31, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC13).

TABLE 30
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC13	VOYPC14	VOYPC15	VOYPC16
	(SEQ ID NO: 2686)	(SEQ ID NO: 2687)	(SEQ ID NO: 2688)	(SEQ ID NO: 2689)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
CMV Promoter	1817	588	1817	588	1817	588	1817	588
T7 Primer	1820	17	1820	17	1820	17	1820	17
Binding Site
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
PolyA	1828	225	1828	225	1828	225	1828	225

TABLE 31
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC17	VOYPC18	VOYPC19	VOYPC20
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
CMV	1817	588	1817	588	1817	588	1817	588
Promoter
T7 Primer	1820	17	1820	17	1820	17	1820	17
Binding Site
Modulatory	1595	158	—	—	1595	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1593	260	1593	260	1593	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.016)
Modulatory	1595	158	—	—	—	—	1595	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1593	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.016)
PolyA	1828	225	1828	225	1828	225	1828	225

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC13 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC14 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC15 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC16 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC17 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC18 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC19 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC20 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, and two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting different genes of interest (HTT and SOD1) and a polyadenylation sequence region. Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 32. In Table 32, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC25).

TABLE 32
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC25	VOYPC26
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
CMV Promoter	1817	588	1817	588
T7 Primer	1820	17	1820	17
Binding Site
Modulatory	1699	158	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYSOD1miR-104)
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1699	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYSOD1miR-104)
PolyA	1828	225	1828	225

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC25 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the two different genes of interest (HTT and SOD1), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC26 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the two different genes of interest (HTT and SOD1), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises three promoter sequence regions, two modulatory polynucleotide regions and at least one polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a VTGT region, two H1 promoter sequence region, and two modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT). Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 33. In Table 33, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC21).

TABLE 33
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC21	VOYPC22	VOYPC23	VOYPC24
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
GTTG	—	4	—	4	—	4	—	4
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260			1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC21 which comprises a GTTG region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC22 which comprises a GTTG region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC23 which comprises a GTTG region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC24 which comprises a GTTG region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, and two modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one enhancer sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, at least one intron sequence region, three modulatory polynucleotide regions, and at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a GTTG region, SV40 intron sequence region, three modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 34. In Table 34, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC27 (SEQ ID NO: 1843)).

TABLE 34
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
	VOYPC27	VOYPC28
	(SEQ ID NO: 1843)	(SEQ ID NO: 1844)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105
CMV enhancer	1814	382	1814	382
CBA Promoter	1816	260	1816	260
SV40 intron	1826	201	1826	201
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Rabbit globin	1827	127	1827	127
PolyA Signal
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1843 (VOYPC27) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1844 (VOYPC28) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, a SV40 intron sequence region, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, and three modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT). Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 35 and 36. In Tables 35 and 36, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC29 (SEQ ID NO: 1845)).

TABLE 35
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
	VOYPC29 (SEQ ID NO: 1845)	VOYPC31 (SEQ ID NO: 1847)	VOYPC32 (SEQ ID NO: 1848)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	—		1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

TABLE 36
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
	VOYPC30 (SEQ ID NO: 1846)	VOYPC33 (SEQ ID NO: 1849)	VOYPC34 (SEQ ID NO: 1850)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory			—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1845 (VOYPC29) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and three H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1846 (VOYPC30) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and three H1 terminator sequence regions, and three H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1847 (VOYPC31) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and three H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1848 (VOYPC32) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and three H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1849 (VOYPC33) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and three H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1850 (VOYPC34) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, three H1 promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and three H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises two promoter sequence regions, three modulatory polynucleotide regions and at least one polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, three modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT) and a polyadenylation sequence region. Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 37. In Table 37, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC35).

TABLE 37
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC35	VOYPC36
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
CMV Promoter	1817	588	1817	588
T7 Primer	1820	17	1820	17
Binding Site
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
PolyA	1828	225	1828	225

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC35 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site, three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises three promoter sequence regions, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a GTTG region, two H1 promoter sequence regions, and three modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT). Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 38 and 39. In Tables 38 and 39, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC37).

TABLE 38
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC37	VOYPC38	VOYPC41
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
GTTG	—	4	—	4	—	4
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)

TABLE 39
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC39	VOYPC40	VOYPC42
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
GTTG	—	4	—	4	—	4
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC37 which comprises a GTTG region, three H1 promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC38 which comprises a GTTG region, three H1 promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC39 which comprises a GTTG, three H1 promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC40 which comprises a GTTG region, three H1 promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC41 which comprises a GTTG region, three H1 promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC42 which comprises a GTTG region, three H1 promoter sequence region, and three modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 40 and 41. In Tables 40 and 41, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC43 (SEQ ID NO: 1851)).

TABLE 40
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
	VOYPC43 (SEQ ID NO: 1851)	VOYPC44 (SEQ ID NO: 1852)	VOYPC45 (SEQ ID NO: 1853)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

TABLE 41
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
	VOYPC46 (SEQ ID NO: 1854)	VOYPC47 (SEQ ID NO: 1855)	VOYPC48 (SEQ ID NO: 1856)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105	1788	105
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 Terminator	2681	5	2681	5	2681	5
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1851 (VOYPC43) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1852 (VOYPC44) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1853 (VOYPC45) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1854 (VOYPC46) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1855 (VOYPC47) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1856 (VOYPC48) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and four H1 terminator sequence regions, where each modulatory polynucleotide region is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one enhancer sequence region, at least one intron sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT). Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 42. In Table 42, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYPC49 (SEQ ID NO: 1857)).

TABLE 42
Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequence
	VOYPC49	VOYPC50
	(SEQ ID NO: 1857)	(SEQ ID NO: 1858)
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
5′ ITR	1788	105	1788	105
CMV enhancer	1814	382	1814	382
CBA Promoter	1816	260	1816	260
SV40 intron	1826	201	1826	201
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
PolyA	1827	127	1827	127
3′ ITR	1790	130	1790	130

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1857 (VOYPC49) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer, a SV40 intron, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1858 (VOYPC50) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer, a SV40 intron, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises two promoter sequence regions, four modulatory polynucleotide regions and at least one polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site region, four modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT) and a polyadenylation sequence region. Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 43. In Table 43, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC51).

TABLE 43
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC51	VOYPC52
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
CMV Promoter	1817	588	1817	588
T7 Primer	1820	17	1820	17
binding site
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
PolyA	1828	225	1828	225

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC51 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site region, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC52 which comprises a CMV promoter sequence region, a T7 primer binding site region, four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT), and a polyadenylation sequence region.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises five promoter sequence regions and four modulatory polynucleotide regions.

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide sequence regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT). Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the polycistronic AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 44 and 45. In Tables 44 and 45, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYPC53).

TABLE 44
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC53	VOYPC54	VOYPC55
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
GTTG	—	4	—	4	—	4
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
Hl promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	1599	260
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)

TABLE 45
Sequence Regions
	VOYPC56	VOYPC57	VOYPC58
Sequence	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region	Region
Regions	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length	SEQ ID NO	length
GTTG	—	4	—	4	—	4
H1 Promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1589	158	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	—	—	1599	260	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	1589	158	—	—	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)
H1 promoter	1819	219	1819	219	1819	219
Modulatory	1599	260	—	—	—	—
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-127.579)
Modulatory	—	—	1589	158	1589	158
Polynucleotide
(VOYHTmiR-104.016)

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC53 which comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC54 which comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC55 which comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC56 which comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC57 which comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

In one embodiment, the polycistronic AAV particle viral genome comprises the sequence modules described in VOYPC58 which comprises a GTTG region, four H1 promoter sequence regions, and four modulatory polynucleotide regions targeting the same gene of interest (HTT).

Viral Production

The present disclosure provides a method for the generation of parvoviral particles, e.g. AAV particles, by viral genome replication in a viral replication cell comprising contacting the viral replication cell with an AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing an AAV particle having enhanced (increased, improved) transduction efficiency comprising the steps of: 1) co-transfecting competent bacterial cells with a bacmid vector and either a viral construct vector and/or AAV payload construct vector, 2) isolating the resultant viral construct expression vector and AAV payload construct expression vector and separately transfecting viral replication cells, 3) isolating and purifying resultant payload and viral construct particles comprising viral construct expression vector or AAV payload construct expression vector, 4) co-infecting a viral replication cell with both the AAV payload and viral construct particles comprising viral construct expression vector or AAV payload construct expression vector, 5) harvesting and purifying the viral particle comprising a parvoviral genome.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing an AAV particle comprising the steps of 1) simultaneously co-transfecting mammalian cells, such as, but not limited to HEK293 cells, with a payload region, a construct expressing rep and cap genes and a helper construct, 2) harvesting and purifying the AAV particle comprising a viral genome.

Cells

The present disclosure provides a cell comprising an AAV polynucleotide and/or AAV genome.

Viral production disclosed herein describes processes and methods for producing AAV particles that contact a target cell to deliver a payload construct, e.g. a recombinant viral construct, which comprises a polynucleotide sequence encoding a payload molecule.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be produced in a viral replication cell that comprises an insect cell.

Growing conditions for insect cells in culture, and production of heterologous products in insect cells in culture are well-known in the art, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,059, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Any insect cell which allows for replication of parvovirus and which can be maintained in culture can be used in accordance with the present invention. Cell lines may be used from Spodoptera frugiperda, including, but not limited to the Sf9 or Sf21 cell lines, Drosophila cell lines, or mosquito cell lines, such as Aedes albopictus derived cell lines. Use of insect cells for expression of heterologous proteins is well documented, as are methods of introducing nucleic acids, such as vectors, e.g., insect-cell compatible vectors, into such cells and methods of maintaining such cells in culture. See, for example, Methods in Molecular Biology, ed. Richard, Humana Press, N J (1995); O'Reilly et al., Baculovirus Expression Vectors, A Laboratory Manual, Oxford Univ. Press (1994); Samulski et al., J. Vir. 63:3822-8 (1989); Kajigaya et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 4646-50 (1991); Ruffing et al., J. Vir. 66:6922-30 (1992); Kimbauer et al., Vir. 219:37-44 (1996); Zhao et al., Vir. 272:382-93 (2000); and Samulski et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,059, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The viral replication cell may be selected from any biological organism, including prokaryotic (e.g., bacterial) cells, and eukaryotic cells, including, insect cells, yeast cells and mammalian cells. Viral replication cells may comprise mammalian cells such as A549, WEH1, 3T3, 10T1/2, BHK, MDCK, COS 1, COS 7, BSC 1, BSC 40, BMT 10, VERO. W138, HeLa, HEK293, Saos, C2C12, L cells, HT1080, HepG2 and primary fibroblast, hepatocyte and myoblast cells derived from mammals. Viral replication cells comprise cells derived from mammalian species including, but not limited to, human, monkey, mouse, rat, rabbit, and hamster or cell type, including but not limited to fibroblast, hepatocyte, tumor cell, cell line transformed cell, etc.

Small Scale Production of AAV Particles

Viral production disclosed herein describes processes and methods for producing AAV particles that contact a target cell to deliver a payload, e.g. a recombinant viral construct, which comprises a polynucleotide sequence encoding a payload.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be produced in a viral replication cell that comprises a mammalian cell.

Viral replication cells commonly used for production of recombinant AAV particles include, but are not limited to 293 cells, COS cells, HeLa cells, KB cells, and other mammalian cell lines as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,156,303, 5,387,484, 5,741,683, 5,691,176, and 5,688,676; U.S. patent application 2002/0081721, and International Patent Applications WO 00/47757, WO 00/24916, and WO 96/17947, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

In one embodiment, AAV particles are produced in mammalian-cells wherein all three VP proteins are expressed at a stoichiometry approaching 1:1:10 (VP1:VP2:VP3). The regulatory mechanisms that allow this controlled level of expression include the production of two mRNAs, one for VP1, and the other for VP2 and VP3, produced by differential splicing.

In another embodiment, AAV particles are produced in mammalian cells using a triple transfection method wherein a payload construct, parvoviral Rep and parvoviral Cap and a helper construct are comprised within three different constructs. The triple transfection method of the three components of AAV particle production may be utilized to produce small lots of virus for assays including transduction efficiency, target tissue (tropism) evaluation, and stability.

Baculovirus

Particle production disclosed herein describes processes and methods for producing AAV particles that contact a target cell to deliver a payload construct which comprises a polynucleotide sequence encoding a payload.

Briefly, the viral construct vector and the AAV payload construct vector are each incorporated by a transposon donor/acceptor system into a bacmid, also known as a baculovirus plasmid, by standard molecular biology techniques known and performed by a person skilled in the art. Transfection of separate viral replication cell populations produces two baculoviruses, one that comprises the viral construct expression vector, and another that comprises the AAV payload construct expression vector. The two baculoviruses may be used to infect a single viral replication cell population for production of AAV particles.

Baculovirus expression vectors for producing viral particles in insect cells, including but not limited to Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells, provide high titers of viral particle product. Recombinant baculovirus encoding the viral construct expression vector and AAV payload construct expression vector initiates a productive infection of viral replicating cells. Infectious baculovirus particles released from the primary infection secondarily infect additional cells in the culture, exponentially infecting the entire cell culture population in a number of infection cycles that is a function of the initial multiplicity of infection, see Urabe, M. et al., J Virol. 2006 February; 80 (4):1874-85, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Production of AAV particles with baculovirus in an insect cell system may address known baculovirus genetic and physical instability. In one embodiment, the production system addresses baculovirus instability over multiple passages by utilizing a titerless infected-cells preservation and scale-up system. Small scale seed cultures of viral producing cells are transfected with viral expression constructs encoding the structural, non-structural, components of the viral particle. Baculovirus-infected viral producing cells are harvested into aliquots that may be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen; the aliquots retain viability and infectivity for infection of large scale viral producing cell culture Wasilko D J et al., Protein Expr Purif. 2009 June; 65(2):122-32, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

A genetically stable baculovirus may be used to produce source of the one or more of the components for producing AAV particles in invertebrate cells. In one embodiment, defective baculovirus expression vectors may be maintained episomally in insect cells. In such an embodiment the bacmid vector is engineered with replication control elements, including but not limited to promoters, enhancers, and/or cell-cycle regulated replication elements.

In one embodiment, baculoviruses may be engineered with a (non-) selectable marker for recombination into the chitinase/cathepsin locus. The chia/v-cath locus is non-essential for propagating baculovirus in tissue culture, and the V-cath (EC 3.4.22.50) is a cysteine endoprotease that is most active on Arg-Arg dipeptide containing substrates. The Arg-Arg dipeptide is present in densovirus and parvovirus capsid structural proteins but infrequently occurs in dependovirus VP1.

In one embodiment, stable viral replication cells permissive for baculovirus infection are engineered with at least one stable integrated copy of any of the elements necessary for AAV replication and viral particle production including, but not limited to, the entire AAV genome, Rep and Cap genes, Rep genes, Cap genes, each Rep protein as a separate transcription cassette, each VP protein as a separate transcription cassette, the AAP (assembly activation protein), or at least one of the baculovirus helper genes with native or non-native promoters.

Large-Scale Production

In some embodiments, AAV particle production may be modified to increase the scale of production. Large scale viral production methods according to the present disclosure may include any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508 or International Publication Nos. WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Methods of increasing viral particle production scale typically comprise increasing the number of viral replication cells. In some embodiments, viral replication cells comprise adherent cells. To increase the scale of viral particle production by adherent viral replication cells, larger cell culture surfaces are required. In some cases, large-scale production methods comprise the use of roller bottles to increase cell culture surfaces. Other cell culture substrates with increased surface areas are known in the art. Examples of additional adherent cell culture products with increased surface areas include, but are not limited to CELLSTACK®, CELLCUBE® (Corning Corp., Corning, N.Y.) and NUNC™ CELL FACTORY™ (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) In some cases, large-scale adherent cell surfaces may comprise from about 1,000 cm² to about 100,000 cm². In some cases, large-scale adherent cell cultures may comprise from about 10⁷ to about 10⁹ cells, from about 10⁸ to about 10¹⁰ cells, from about 10⁹ to about 10¹² cells or at least 10¹² cells. In some cases, large-scale adherent cultures may produce from about 10⁹ to about 10¹², from about 10¹⁰ to about 10¹³, from about 10¹¹ to about 10¹⁴, from about 10¹² to about 10¹⁵ or at least 10¹⁵ viral particles.

In some embodiments, large-scale viral production methods of the present disclosure may comprise the use of suspension cell cultures. Suspension cell culture allows for significantly increased numbers of cells. Typically, the number of adherent cells that can be grown on about 10-50 cm² of surface area can be grown in about 1 cm³ volume in suspension.

Transfection of replication cells in large-scale culture formats may be carried out according to any methods known in the art. For large-scale adherent cell cultures, transfection methods may include, but are not limited to the use of inorganic compounds (e.g. calcium phosphate), organic compounds [e.g. polyethyleneimine (PEI)] or the use of non-chemical methods (e.g. electroporation.) With cells grown in suspension, transfection methods may include, but are not limited to the use of calcium phosphate and the use of PEI. In some cases, transfection of large scale suspension cultures may be carried out according to the section entitled “Transfection Procedure” described in Feng, L. et al., 2008. Biotechnol Appl. Biochem. 50:121-32, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. According to such embodiments, PEI-DNA complexes may be formed for introduction of plasmids to be transfected. In some cases, cells being transfected with PEI-DNA complexes may be ‘shocked’ prior to transfection. This comprises lowering cell culture temperatures to 4° C. for a period of about 1 hour. In some cases, cell cultures may be shocked for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 5 hours. In some cases, cell cultures may be shocked at a temperature of from about 0° C. to about 20° C.

In some cases, transfections may include one or more vectors for expression of an RNA effector molecule to reduce expression of nucleic acids from one or more AAV payload construct. Such methods may enhance the production of viral particles by reducing cellular resources wasted on expressing payload constructs. In some cases, such methods may be carried according to those taught in US Publication No. US2014/0099666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Bioreactors

In some embodiments, cell culture bioreactors may be used for large scale viral production. In some cases, bioreactors comprise stirred tank reactors. Such reactors generally comprise a vessel, typically cylindrical in shape, with a stirrer (e.g. impeller.) In some embodiments, such bioreactor vessels may be placed within a water jacket to control vessel temperature and/or to minimize effects from ambient temperature changes. Bioreactor vessel volume may range in size from about 500 ml to about 2 L, from about 1 L to about 5 L, from about 2.5 L to about 20 L, from about 10 L to about 50 L, from about 25 L to about 100 L, from about 75 L to about 500 L, from about 250 L to about 2,000 L, from about 1,000 L to about 10,000 L, from about 5,000 L to about 50,000 L or at least 50,000 L. Vessel bottoms may be rounded or flat. In some cases, animal cell cultures may be maintained in bioreactors with rounded vessel bottoms.

In some cases, bioreactor vessels may be warmed through the use of a thermocirculator. Thermocirculators pump heated water around water jackets. In some cases, heated water may be pumped through pipes (e.g. coiled pipes) that are present within bioreactor vessels. In some cases, warm air may be circulated around bioreactors, including, but not limited to air space directly above culture medium. Additionally, pH and CO₂ levels may be maintained to optimize cell viability.

In some cases, bioreactors may comprise hollow-fiber reactors. Hollow-fiber bioreactors may support the culture of both anchorage dependent and anchorage independent cells. Further bioreactors may include, but are not limited to packed-bed or fixed-bed bioreactors. Such bioreactors may comprise vessels with glass beads for adherent cell attachment. Further packed-bed reactors may comprise ceramic beads.

In some cases, viral particles are produced through the use of a disposable bioreactor. In some embodiments, such bioreactors may include WAVE™ disposable bioreactors.

In some embodiments, AAV particle production in animal cell bioreactor cultures may be carried out according to the methods taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,064,764, 6,194,191, 6,566,118, 8,137,948 or US Patent Application No. US2011/0229971, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Cell Lysis

Cells of the invention, including, but not limited to viral production cells, may be subjected to cell lysis according to any methods known in the art. Cell lysis may be carried out to obtain one or more agents (e.g. viral particles) present within any cells of the invention. In some embodiments, cell lysis may be carried out according to any of the methods listed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,326,555, 7,579,181, 7,048,920, 6,410,300, 6,436,394, 7,732,129, 7,510,875, 7,445,930, 6,726,907, 6,194,191, 7,125,706, 6,995,006, 6,676,935, 7,968,333, 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508 or International Publication Nos. WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Cell lysis methods may be chemical or mechanical. Chemical cell lysis typically comprises contacting one or more cells with one or more lysis agent. Mechanical lysis typically comprises subjecting one or more cells to one or more lysis condition and/or one or more lysis force.

In some embodiments, chemical lysis may be used to lyse cells. As used herein, the term “lysis agent” refers to any agent that may aid in the disruption of a cell. In some cases, lysis agents are introduced in solutions, termed lysis solutions or lysis buffers. As used herein, the term “lysis solution” refers to a solution (typically aqueous) comprising one or more lysis agent. In addition to lysis agents, lysis solutions may include one or more buffering agents, solubilizing agents, surfactants, preservatives, cryoprotectants, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and/or chelators. Lysis buffers are lysis solutions comprising one or more buffering agent. Additional components of lysis solutions may include one or more solubilizing agent. As used herein, the term “solubilizing agent” refers to a compound that enhances the solubility of one or more components of a solution and/or the solubility of one or more entities to which solutions are applied. In some cases, solubilizing agents enhance protein solubility. In some cases, solubilizing agents are selected based on their ability to enhance protein solubility while maintaining protein conformation and/or activity.

Exemplary lysis agents may include any of those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,685,734, 7,901,921, 7,732,129, 7,223,585, 7,125,706, 8,236,495, 8,110,351, 7,419,956, 7,300,797, 6,699,706 and 6,143,567, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some cases, lysis agents may be selected from lysis salts, amphoteric agents, cationic agents, ionic detergents and non-ionic detergents. Lysis salts may include, but are not limited to sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl.) Further lysis salts may include any of those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,614,101, 7,326,555, 7,579,181, 7,048,920, 6,410,300, 6,436,394, 7,732,129, 7,510,875, 7,445,930, 6,726,907, 6,194,191, 7,125,706, 6,995,006, 6,676,935 and 7,968,333, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Concentrations of salts may be increased or decreased to obtain an effective concentration for rupture of cell membranes. Amphoteric agents, as referred to herein, are compounds capable of reacting as an acid or a base. Amphoteric agents may include, but are not limited to lysophosphatidylcholine, 3-((3-Cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), ZWITTERGENT® and the like. Cationic agents may include, but are not limited to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C (16) TAB) and Benzalkonium chloride. Lysis agents comprising detergents may include ionic detergents or non-ionic detergents. Detergents may function to break apart or dissolve cell structures including, but not limited to cell membranes, cell walls, lipids, carbohydrates, lipoproteins and glycoproteins. Exemplary ionic detergents include any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,625,570 and 6,593,123 or US Publication No. US2014/0087361, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Some ionic detergents may include, but are not limited to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cholate and deoxycholate. In some cases, ionic detergents may be included in lysis solutions as a solubilizing agent. Non-ionic detergents may include, but are not limited to octylglucoside, digitonin, lubrol, C12E8, TWEEN®-20, TWEEN®-80, Triton X-100 and Noniodet P-40. Non-ionic detergents are typically weaker lysis agents, but may be included as solubilizing agents for solubilizing cellular and/or viral proteins. Further lysis agents may include enzymes and urea. In some cases, one or more lysis agents may be combined in a lysis solution in order to enhance one or more of cell lysis and protein solubility. In some cases, enzyme inhibitors may be included in lysis solutions in order to prevent proteolysis that may be triggered by cell membrane disruption.

In some embodiments, mechanical cell lysis is carried out. Mechanical cell lysis methods may include the use of one or more lysis condition and/or one or more lysis force. As used herein, the term “lysis condition” refers to a state or circumstance that promotes cellular disruption. Lysis conditions may comprise certain temperatures, pressures, osmotic purity, salinity and the like. In some cases, lysis conditions comprise increased or decreased temperatures. According to some embodiments, lysis conditions comprise changes in temperature to promote cellular disruption. Cell lysis carried out according to such embodiments may include freeze-thaw lysis. As used herein, the term “freeze-thaw lysis” refers to cellular lysis in which a cell solution is subjected to one or more freeze-thaw cycle. According to freeze-thaw lysis methods, cells in solution are frozen to induce a mechanical disruption of cellular membranes caused by the formation and expansion of ice crystals. Cell solutions used according freeze-thaw lysis methods, may further comprise one or more lysis agents, solubilizing agents, buffering agents, cryoprotectants, surfactants, preservatives, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and/or chelators. Once cell solutions subjected to freezing are thawed, such components may enhance the recovery of desired cellular products. In some cases, one or more cryoprotectants are included in cell solutions undergoing freeze-thaw lysis. As used herein, the term “cryoprotectant” refers to an agent used to protect one or more substance from damage due to freezing. Cryoprotectants may include any of those taught in US Publication No. US2013/0323302 or U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,503,888, 6,180,613, 7,888,096, 7,091,030, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some cases, cryoprotectants may include, but are not limited to dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, formamide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and n-dimethyl formamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl starch, agarose, dextrans, inositol, glucose, hydroxyethylstarch, lactose, sorbitol, methyl glucose, sucrose and urea. In some embodiments, freeze-thaw lysis may be carried out according to any of the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,704,721, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

As used herein, the term “lysis force” refers to a physical activity used to disrupt a cell. Lysis forces may include, but are not limited to mechanical forces, sonic forces, gravitational forces, optical forces, electrical forces and the like. Cell lysis carried out by mechanical force is referred to herein as “mechanical lysis.” Mechanical forces that may be used according to mechanical lysis may include high shear fluid forces. According to such methods of mechanical lysis, a microfluidizer may be used. Microfluidizers typically comprise an inlet reservoir where cell solutions may be applied. Cell solutions may then be pumped into an interaction chamber via a pump (e.g. high-pressure pump) at high speed and/or pressure to produce shear fluid forces. Resulting lysates may then be collected in one or more output reservoir. Pump speed and/or pressure may be adjusted to modulate cell lysis and enhance recovery of products (e.g. viral particles.) Other mechanical lysis methods may include physical disruption of cells by scraping.

Cell lysis methods may be selected based on the cell culture format of cells to be lysed. For example, with adherent cell cultures, some chemical and mechanical lysis methods may be used. Such mechanical lysis methods may include freeze-thaw lysis or scraping. In another example, chemical lysis of adherent cell cultures may be carried out through incubation with lysis solutions comprising surfactant, such as Triton-X-100. In some cases, cell lysates generated from adherent cell cultures may be treated with one more nuclease to lower the viscosity of the lysates caused by liberated DNA.

In one embodiment, a method for harvesting AAV particles without lysis may be used for efficient and scalable AAV particle production. In a non-limiting example, AAV particles may be produced by culturing an AAV particle lacking a heparin binding site, thereby allowing the AAV particle to pass into the supernatant, in a cell culture, collecting supernatant from the culture; and isolating the AAV particle from the supernatant, as described in US Patent Application 20090275107, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Clarification

Cell lysates comprising viral particles may be subjected to clarification. Clarification refers to initial steps taken in purification of viral particles from cell lysates. Clarification serves to prepare lysates for further purification by removing larger, insoluble debris. Clarification steps may include, but are not limited to centrifugation and filtration. During clarification, centrifugation may be carried out at low speeds to remove larger debris only. Similarly, filtration may be carried out using filters with larger pore sizes so that only larger debris is removed. In some cases, tangential flow filtration may be used during clarification. Objectives of viral clarification include high throughput processing of cell lysates and to optimize ultimate viral recovery. Advantages of including a clarification step include scalability for processing of larger volumes of lysate. In some embodiments, clarification may be carried out according to any of the methods presented in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,524,446, 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498, 7,491,508, US Publication Nos. US2013/0045186, US2011/0263027, US2011/0151434, US2003/0138772, and International Publication Nos. WO2002012455, WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Methods of cell lysate clarification by filtration are well understood in the art and may be carried out according to a variety of available methods including, but not limited to passive filtration and flow filtration. Filters used may comprise a variety of materials and pore sizes. For example, cell lysate filters may comprise pore sizes of from about 1 μM to about 5 from about 0.5 μM to about 2 from about 0.1 μM to about 1 from about 0.05 μM to about 0.05 μM and from about 0.001 μM to about 0.1 Exemplary pore sizes for cell lysate filters may include, but are not limited to, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, 0.22, 0.21, 0.20, 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.02, 0.019, 0.018, 0.017, 0.016, 0.015, 0.014, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001 In one embodiment, clarification may comprise filtration through a filter with 2.0 μM pore size to remove large debris, followed by passage through a filter with 0.45 μM pore size to remove intact cells.

Filter materials may be composed of a variety of materials. Such materials may include, but are not limited to polymeric materials and metal materials (e.g. sintered metal and pored aluminum.) Exemplary materials may include, but are not limited to nylon, cellulose materials (e.g. cellulose acetate), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone, polyamide, polysulfone, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. In some cases, filters useful for clarification of cell lysates may include, but are not limited to ULTIPLEAT PROFILE™ filters (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, N.Y.), SUPOR™ membrane filters (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, N.Y.)

In some cases, flow filtration may be carried out to increase filtration speed and/or effectiveness. In some cases, flow filtration may comprise vacuum filtration. According to such methods, a vacuum is created on the side of the filter opposite that of cell lysate to be filtered. In some cases, cell lysates may be passed through filters by centrifugal forces. In some cases, a pump is used to force cell lysate through clarification filters. Flow rate of cell lysate through one or more filters may be modulated by adjusting one of channel size and/or fluid pressure.

According to some embodiments, cell lysates may be clarified by centrifugation. Centrifugation may be used to pellet insoluble particles in the lysate. During clarification, centrifugation strength [expressed in terms of gravitational units (g), which represents multiples of standard gravitational force] may be lower than in subsequent purification steps. In some cases, centrifugation may be carried out on cell lysates at from about 200 g to about 800 g, from about 500 g to about 1500 g, from about 1000 g to about 5000 g, from about 1200 g to about 10000 g or from about 8000 g to about 15000 g. In some embodiments, cell lysate centrifugation is carried out at 8000 g for 15 minutes. In some cases, density gradient centrifugation may be carried out in order to partition particulates in the cell lysate by sedimentation rate. Gradients used according to methods of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to cesium chloride gradients and iodixanol step gradients.

Purification: Chromatography

In some cases, AAV particles may be purified from clarified cell lysates by one or more methods of chromatography. Chromatography refers to any number of methods known in the art for separating out one or more elements from a mixture. Such methods may include, but are not limited to ion exchange chromatography (e.g. cation exchange chromatography and anion exchange chromatography), immunoaffinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. In some embodiments, methods of viral chromatography may include any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508 or International Publication Nos. WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, ion exchange chromatography may be used to isolate viral particles. Ion exchange chromatography is used to bind viral particles based on charge-charge interactions between capsid proteins and charged sites present on a stationary phase, typically a column through which viral preparations (e.g. clarified lysates) are passed. After application of viral preparations, bound viral particles may then be eluted by applying an elution solution to disrupt the charge-charge interactions. Elution solutions may be optimized by adjusting salt concentration and/or pH to enhance recovery of bound viral particles. Depending on the charge of viral capsids being isolated, cation or anion exchange chromatography methods may be selected. Methods of ion exchange chromatography may include, but are not limited to any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,419,817, 6,143,548, 7,094,604, 6,593,123, 7,015,026 and 8,137,948, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, immunoaffinity chromatography may be used. Immunoaffinity chromatography is a form of chromatography that utilizes one or more immune compounds (e.g. antibodies or antibody-related structures) to retain viral particles. Immune compounds may bind specifically to one or more structures on viral particle surfaces, including, but not limited to one or more viral coat protein. In some cases, immune compounds may be specific for a particular viral variant. In some cases, immune compounds may bind to multiple viral variants. In some embodiments, immune compounds may include recombinant single-chain antibodies. Such recombinant single chain antibodies may include those described in Smith, R. H. et al., 2009. Mol. Ther. 17(11):1888-96, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such immune compounds are capable of binding to several AAV capsid variants, including, but not limited to AAV1, AAV2, AAV6 and AAV8.

In some embodiments, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) may be used. SEC may comprise the use of a gel to separate particles according to size. In viral particle purification, SEC filtration is sometimes referred to as “polishing.” In some cases, SEC may be carried out to generate a final product that is near-homogenous. Such final products may in some cases be used in pre-clinical studies and/or clinical studies (Kotin, R. M. 2011. Human Molecular Genetics. 20(1):R2-R6, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.) In some cases, SEC may be carried out according to any of the methods taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,143,548, 7,015,026, 8,476,418, 6,410,300, 8,476,418, 7,419,817, 7,094,604, 6,593,123, and 8,137,948, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,874, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,660,514, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,524,446, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

II. Formulation and Delivery

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Formulation

In addition to the pharmaceutical compositions (AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding the siRNA molecules), provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to any other animal, e.g., to non-human animals, e.g. non-human mammals. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with merely ordinary, if any, experimentation. Subjects to which administration of the pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated include, but are not limited to, humans and/or other primates; mammals, including commercially relevant mammals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, cats, dogs, mice, and/or rats; and/or birds, including commercially relevant birds such as poultry, chickens, ducks, geese, and/or turkeys.

In some embodiments, compositions are administered to humans, human patients or subjects. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “active ingredient” generally refers either to the synthetic siRNA duplexes, the modulatory polynucleotide encoding the siRNA duplex, or the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide encoding the siRNA duplex described herein.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be prepared by any method known or hereafter developed in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with an excipient and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, dividing, shaping and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.

Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the invention will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered.

The AAV particles comprising the modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be formulated using one or more excipients to: (1) increase stability; (2) increase cell transfection or transduction; (3) permit the sustained or delayed release; or (4) alter the biodistribution (e.g., target the AAV particle to specific tissues or cell types such as brain and neurons).

Formulations of the present invention can include, without limitation, saline, lipidoids, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymers, lipoplexes, core-shell nanoparticles, peptides, proteins, cells transfected with AAV particles (e.g., for transplantation into a subject), nanoparticle mimics and combinations thereof. Further, the AAV particles of the present invention may be formulated using self-assembled nucleic acid nanoparticles.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be prepared by any method known or hereafter developed in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include the step of associating the active ingredient with an excipient and/or one or more other accessory ingredients.

A pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. As used herein, a “unit dose” refers to a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage such as, for example, one-half or one-third of such a dosage.

Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject being treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. For example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 99% (w/w) of the active ingredient. By way of example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100%, e.g., between 0.5 and 50%, between 1-30%, between 5-80%, at least 80% (w/w) active ingredient.

In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% pure. In some embodiments, an excipient is approved for use for humans and for veterinary use. In some embodiments, an excipient may be approved by United States Food and Drug Administration. In some embodiments, an excipient may be of pharmaceutical grade. In some embodiments, an excipient may meet the standards of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the British Pharmacopoeia, and/or the International Pharmacopoeia.

Excipients, which, as used herein, includes, but is not limited to, any and all solvents, dispersion media, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Various excipients for formulating pharmaceutical compositions and techniques for preparing the composition are known in the art (see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21^st Edition, A. R. Gennaro, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2006; incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). The use of a conventional excipient medium may be contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure, except insofar as any conventional excipient medium may be incompatible with a substance or its derivatives, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutical composition.

Exemplary diluents include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, etc., and/or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the formulations may comprise at least one inactive ingredient. As used herein, the term “inactive ingredient” refers to one or more inactive agents included in formulations. In some embodiments, all, none or some of the inactive ingredients which may be used in the formulations of the present invention may be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Formulations of vectors comprising the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention may include cations or anions. In one embodiment, the formulations include metal cations such as, but not limited to, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg+ and combinations thereof.

As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form (e.g., by reacting the free base group with a suitable organic acid). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. Representative acid addition salts include acetate, acetic acid, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptonate, hexanoate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17^th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418, Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, P. H. Stahl and C. G. Wermuth (eds.), Wiley-VCH, 2008, and Berge et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 1-19 (1977); the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable solvate,” as used herein, means a compound of the invention wherein molecules of a suitable solvent are incorporated in the crystal lattice. A suitable solvent is physiologically tolerable at the dosage administered. For example, solvates may be prepared by crystallization, recrystallization, or precipitation from a solution that includes organic solvents, water, or a mixture thereof. Examples of suitable solvents are ethanol, water (for example, mono-, di-, and tri-hydrates), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMEU), 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), acetonitrile (ACN), propylene glycol, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, 2-pyrrolidone, benzyl benzoate, and the like. When water is the solvent, the solvate is referred to as a “hydrate.”

According to the present invention, the AAV particle comprising the modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding for the siRNA molecules may be formulated for CNS delivery. Agents that cross the brain blood barrier may be used. For example, some cell penetrating peptides that can target siRNA molecules to the brain blood barrier endothelium may be used to formulate the siRNA duplexes targeting the gene of interest.

Inactive Ingredients

In some embodiments, formulations may comprise at least one excipient which is an inactive ingredient. As used herein, the term “inactive ingredient” refers to one or more inactive agents included in formulations. In some embodiments, all, none or some of the inactive ingredients which may be used in the formulations of the present disclosure may be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Formulations of AAV particles described herein may include cations or anions. In one embodiment, the formulations include metal cations such as, but not limited to, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg+ and combinations thereof. As a non-limiting example, formulations may include polymers and compositions described herein complexed with a metal cation (See e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,265,389 and 6,555,525, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Delivery

In one embodiment, the AAV particles described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for the delivery of AAV virions described in European Patent Application No. EP1857552, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering proteins using AAV particles described in European Patent Application No. EP2678433, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering DNA molecules using AAV particles described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,351, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering DNA to the bloodstream described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,211,163, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering AAV virions described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,325,998, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload to the central nervous system described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,757, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload using a glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) delivery vector described in International Patent Publication No. WO2001089583, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload to neural cells described in International Patent Publication No. WO2012057363, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Delivery to Cells

The present disclosure provides a method of delivering to a cell or tissue any of the above-described AAV polynucleotides or AAV genomes, comprising contacting the cell or tissue with said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genomes or contacting the cell or tissue with a particle comprising said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome, or contacting the cell or tissue with any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions. The method of delivering the AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome to a cell or tissue can be accomplished in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo.

Introduction into Cells—Synthetic dsRNA

To ensure the chemical and biological stability of siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes and dsRNA), it is important to deliver siRNA molecules inside the target cells. In some embodiments, the cells may include, but are not limited to, cells of mammalian origin, cells of human origins, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and neural progenitor cells.

Nucleic acids, including siRNA, carry a net negative charge on the sugar-phosphate backbone under normal physiological conditions. In order to enter the cell, a siRNA molecule must come into contact with a lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, whose head groups are also negatively charged.

The siRNA duplexes can be complexed with a carrier that allows them to traverse cell membranes such as package particles to facilitate cellular uptake of the siRNA. The package particles may include, but are not limited to, liposomes, nanoparticles, cationic lipids, polyethylenimine derivatives, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and the combination of carbon-made nanoparticles with dendrimers. Lipids may be cationic lipids and/or neutral lipids. In addition to well established lipophilic complexes between siRNA molecules and cationic carriers, siRNA molecules can be conjugated to a hydrophobic moiety, such as cholesterol (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110110937; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). This delivery method holds a potential of improving in vitro cellular uptake and in vivo pharmacological properties of siRNA molecules. The siRNA molecules of the present invention may also be conjugated to certain cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as MPG, transportan or penetratin covalently or non-covalently (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110086425; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Introduction into Cells—AAV Particles

The siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes) of the present invention may be introduced into cells using any of a variety of approaches such as, but not limited to, AAV particles. These AAV particles are engineered and optimized to facilitate the entry of siRNA molecule into cells that are not readily amendable to transfection. Also, some synthetic AAV particles possess an ability to integrate the shRNA into the cell genome, thereby leading to stable siRNA expression and long-term knockdown of a target gene. In this manner, AAV particles are engineered as vehicles for specific delivery while lacking the deleterious replication and/or integration features found in wild-type virus.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention are introduced into a cell by contacting the cell with an AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding a siRNA molecule, and a lipophilic carrier. In other embodiments, the siRNA molecule is introduced into a cell by transfecting or infecting the cell with an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of producing the siRNA molecule when transcribed in the cell. In some embodiments, the siRNA molecule is introduced into a cell by injecting into the cell an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of producing the siRNA molecule when transcribed in the cell.

In some embodiments, prior to transfection, an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be transfected into cells.

In other embodiments, the AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered into cells by electroporation (e.g. U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050014264; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Other methods for introducing AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules described herein may include photochemical internalization as described in U. S. Patent publication No. 20120264807; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the formulations described herein may contain at least one AAV particle comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules described herein. In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may target the gene of interest at one target site. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises a plurality of AAV particles, each AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a siRNA molecule targeting the gene of interest at a different target site. The gene of interest may be targeted at 2, 3, 4, 5 or more than 5 sites.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles from any relevant species, such as, but not limited to, human, dog, mouse, rat or monkey may be introduced into cells.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which are relevant to the disease to be treated. As a non-limiting example, the disease is HD and the target cells are neurons and astrocytes. As another non-limiting example, the disease is HD and the target cells are medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and astrocytes.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which are relevant to the disease to be treated. As a non-limiting example, the disease is ALS and the target cells are neurons and astrocytes. As another non-limiting example, the disease is ALS and the target cells are medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and astrocytes.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which have a high level of endogenous expression of the target sequence.

In another embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which have a low level of endogenous expression of the target sequence.

In one embodiment, the cells may be those which have a high efficiency of AAV transduction.

Delivery to Subjects

The present disclosure additionally provides a method of delivering to a subject, including a mammalian subject, any of the above-described AAV polynucleotides or AAV genomes comprising administering to the subject said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome, or administering to the subject a particle comprising said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome, or administering to the subject any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions.

The pharmaceutical compositions of AAV particles described herein may be characterized by one or more of bioavailability, therapeutic window and/or volume of distribution.

III. Administration and Dosing

Administration

The AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered by any route which results in a therapeutically effective outcome. These include, but are not limited to, within the parenchyma of an organ such as, but not limited to, a brain (e.g., intraparenchymal), corpus striatum (intrastriatal), enteral (into the intestine), gastroenteral, epidural, oral (by way of the mouth), transdermal, peridural, intracerebral (into the cerebrum), intracerebroventricular (into the cerebral ventricles), subpial (under the pia), epicutaneous (application onto the skin), intradermal, (into the skin itself), subcutaneous (under the skin), nasal administration (through the nose), intravenous (into a vein), intravenous bolus, intravenous drip, intraarterial (into an artery), intramuscular (into a muscle), intracardiac (into the heart), intraosseous infusion (into the bone marrow), intrathecal (into the spinal canal), intraganglionic (into the ganglion), intraperitoneal, (infusion or injection into the peritoneum), intravesical infusion, intravitreal, (through the eye), intracavernous injection (into a pathologic cavity) intracavitary (into the base of the penis), intravaginal administration, intrauterine, extra-amniotic administration, transdermal (diffusion through the intact skin for systemic distribution), transmucosal (diffusion through a mucous membrane), transvaginal, insufflation (snorting), sublingual, sublabial, enema, eye drops (onto the conjunctiva), in ear drops, auricular (in or by way of the ear), buccal (directed toward the cheek), conjunctival, cutaneous, dental (to a tooth or teeth), electro-osmosis, endocervical, endosinusial, endotracheal, extracorporeal, hemodialysis, infiltration, interstitial, intra-abdominal, intra-amniotic, intra-articular, intrabiliary, intrabronchial, intrabursal, intracartilaginous (within a cartilage), intracaudal (within the cauda equine), intracisternal (within the cisterna magna cerebellomedularis), intracorneal (within the cornea), dental intracornal, intracoronary (within the coronary arteries), intracorporus cavernosum (within the dilatable spaces of the corporus cavernosa of the penis), intradiscal (within a disc), intraductal (within a duct of a gland), intraduodenal (within the duodenum), intradural (within or beneath the dura), intraepidermal (to the epidermis), intraesophageal (to the esophagus), intragastric (within the stomach), intragingival (within the gingivae), intraileal (within the distal portion of the small intestine), intralesional (within or introduced directly to a localized lesion), intraluminal (within a lumen of a tube), intralymphatic (within the lymph), intramedullary (within the marrow cavity of a bone), intrameningeal (within the meninges), intraocular (within the eye), intraovarian (within the ovary), intrapericardial (within the pericardium), intrapleural (within the pleura), intraprostatic (within the prostate gland), intrapulmonary (within the lungs or its bronchi), intrasinal (within the nasal or periorbital sinuses), intraspinal (within the vertebral column), intrasynovial (within the synovial cavity of a joint), intratendinous (within a tendon), intratesticular (within the testicle), intrathecal (within the cerebrospinal fluid at any level of the cerebrospinal axis), intrathoracic (within the thorax), intratubular (within the tubules of an organ), intratumor (within a tumor), intratympanic (within the aurus media), intravascular (within a vessel or vessels), intraventricular (within a ventricle), iontophoresis (by means of electric current where ions of soluble salts migrate into the tissues of the body), irrigation (to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities), laryngeal (directly upon the larynx), nasogastric (through the nose and into the stomach), occlusive dressing technique (topical route administration which is then covered by a dressing which occludes the area), ophthalmic (to the external eye), oropharyngeal (directly to the mouth and pharynx), parenteral, percutaneous, periarticular, peridural, perineural, periodontal, rectal, respiratory (within the respiratory tract by inhaling orally or nasally for local or systemic effect), retrobulbar (behind the pons or behind the eyeball), soft tissue, subarachnoid, subconjunctival, submucosal, topical, transplacental (through or across the placenta), transtracheal (through the wall of the trachea), transtympanic (across or through the tympanic cavity), ureteral (to the ureter), urethral (to the urethra), vaginal, caudal block, diagnostic, nerve block, biliary perfusion, cardiac perfusion, photopheresis or spinal.

In specific embodiments, compositions of AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered in a way which facilitates the vectors or siRNA molecule to enter the central nervous system and penetrate into medium spiny and/or cortical neurons and/or astrocytes.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered by intramuscular injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intraparenchymal injection and intrathecal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intrastriatal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intrastriatal injection and another route of administration described herein.

In some embodiments, AAV particles that express siRNA duplexes of the present invention may be administered to a subject by peripheral injections (e.g., intravenous) and/or intranasal delivery. It was disclosed in the art that the peripheral administration of AAV particles for siRNA duplexes can be transported to the central nervous system, for example, to the neurons (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 20100240739; and 20100130594; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).

In other embodiments, compositions comprising at least one AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered to a subject by intracranial delivery (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,119,611; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

The AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered in any suitable form, either as a liquid solution or suspension, as a solid form suitable for liquid solution or suspension in a liquid solution. The siRNA duplexes may be formulated with any appropriate and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered in a “therapeutically effective” amount, i.e., an amount that is sufficient to alleviate and/or prevent at least one symptom associated with the disease, or provide improvement in the condition of the subject.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to the CNS in a therapeutically effective amount to improve function and/or survival for a subject with Huntington's Disease (HD). As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered by direct infusion into the striatum.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to a subject (e.g., to the CNS of a subject via intrathecal administration) in a therapeutically effective amount for the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA to target the medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA may target HTT and reduce the expression of HTT protein or mRNA. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA target HTT and can suppress HTT and reduce HTT mediated toxicity. The reduction of HTT protein and/or mRNA as well as HTT mediated toxicity may be accomplished with almost no enhanced inflammation.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to a subject (e.g., to the CNS of a subject) in a therapeutically effective amount to slow the functional decline of a subject (e.g., determined using a known evaluation method such as the unified Huntington's disease rating scale (UHDRS)). As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered via intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to the cisterna magna in a therapeutically effective amount to transduce medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered intrathecally.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered using intrathecal infusion in a therapeutically effective amount to transduce medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered intrathecally.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to the cisterna magna in a therapeutically effective amount to transduce medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered by intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may be formulated. As a non-limiting example the baricity and/or osmolality of the formulation may be optimized to ensure optimal drug distribution in the central nervous system or a region or component of the central nervous system.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may be delivered to a subject via a single route administration.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may be delivered to a subject via a multi-site route of administration. A subject may be administered the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide at 2, 3, 4, 5 or more than 5 sites.

In one embodiment, a subject may be administered the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide described herein using a bolus injection.

In one embodiment, a subject may be administered the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide described herein using sustained delivery over a period of minutes, hours or days. The infusion rate may be changed depending on the subject, distribution, formulation or another delivery parameter.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein is administered via putamen and caudate infusion. As a non-limiting example, the dual infusion provides a broad striatal distribution as well as a frontal and temporal cortical distribution.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle is AAV-DJ8 which is administered via unilateral putamen infusion. As a non-limiting example, the distribution of the administered AAV-DJ8 is similar to the distribution of AAV1 delivered via unilateral putamen infusion.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein is administered via intrathecal (IT) infusion at C1. The infusion may be for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or more than 15 hours.

In one embodiment, the selection of subjects for administration of the AAV particle described herein and/or the effectiveness of the dose, route of administration and/or volume of administration may be evaluated using imaging of the perivascular spaces (PVS) which are also known as Virchow-Robin spaces. PVS surround the arterioles and venules as they perforate brain parenchyma and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/interstitial fluid. PVS are common in the midbrain, basal ganglia, and centrum semiovale. While not wishing to be bound by theory, PVS may play a role in the normal clearance of metabolites and have been associated with worse cognition and several disease states including Parkinson's disease. PVS are usually are normal in size but they can increase in size in a number of disease states. Potter et al. (Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015 January; 39(4): 224-231; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) developed a grading method where they studied a full range of PVS and rated basal ganglia, centrum semiovale and midbrain PVS. They used the frequency and range of PVS used by Mac and Lullich et al. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 November; 75(11):1519-23; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) and Potter et al. gave 5 ratings to basal ganglia and centrum semiovale PVS: 0 (none), 1 (1-10), 2 (11-20), 3 (21-40) and 4 (>40) and 2 ratings to midbrain PVS: 0 (non visible) or 1 (visible). The user guide for the rating system by Potter et al. can be found at: www.sbirc.ed.ac.uk/documents/epvs-rating-scale-user-guide.pdf.

Dosing

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered to a subject using any amount effective for reducing, preventing and/or treating a disease and/or disorder. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the disease, the particular composition, its mode of administration, its mode of activity, and the like.

The compositions of the present invention are typically formulated in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions of the present invention may be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutic effectiveness for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the siRNA duplexes employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts. \

In one embodiment, the age and sex of a subject may be used to determine the dose of the compositions of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, a subject who is older may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to a younger subject. As another non-limiting example, a subject who is younger may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to an older subject. As yet another non-limiting example, a subject who is female may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to a male subject. As yet another non-limiting example, a subject who is male may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to a female subject

In some specific embodiments, the doses of AAV particles for delivering siRNA duplexes of the present invention may be adapted depending on the disease condition, the subject and the treatment strategy.

In one embodiment, delivery of the compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells comprises a rate of delivery defined by [VG/hour=mL/hour*VG/mL] wherein VG is viral genomes, VG/mL is composition concentration, and mL/hour is rate of prolonged delivery.

In one embodiment, delivery of compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells may comprise a total concentration per subject between about 1×10⁶ VG and about 1×10¹⁶ VG. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×10⁶, 2×10⁶, 3×10⁶, 4×10⁶, 5×10⁶, 6×10⁶, 7×10⁶, 8×10⁶, 9×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁷, 3×10⁷, 4×10⁷, 5×10⁷, 6×10⁷, 7×10⁷, 8×10⁷, 9×10⁷, 1×10⁸, 2×10⁸, 3×10⁸, 4×10⁸, 5×10⁸, 6×10⁸, 7×10⁸, 8×10⁸, 9×10⁸, 1×10⁹, 2×10⁹, 3×10⁹, 4×10⁹, 5×10⁹, 6×10⁹, 7×10⁹, 8×10⁹, 9×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰, 2×10¹⁰, 3×10¹⁰, 4×10¹⁰, 5×10¹⁰, 6×10¹⁰, 7×10¹⁰, 8×10¹⁰, 9×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 1.2×10¹¹, 1.3×10¹¹, 1.4×10¹¹, 1.5×10¹¹, 1.6×10¹¹, 1.7×10¹¹, 1.8×10¹¹, 1.9×10¹¹, 2×10¹¹, 2.1×10¹¹, 2.2×10¹¹, 2.3×10¹¹, 2.4×10¹¹, 2.5×10¹¹, 2.6×10¹¹, 2.7×10¹¹, 2.8×10¹¹, 2.9×10¹¹, 3×10¹¹, 4×10¹¹, 5×10¹¹, 6×10¹¹, 7×10¹¹, 7.1×10¹¹, 7.2×10¹¹, 7.3×10¹¹, 7.4×10¹¹, 7.5×10¹¹, 7.6×10¹¹, 7.7×10¹¹, 7.8×10¹¹, 7.9×10¹¹, 8×10¹¹, 9×10¹¹, 1×10¹², 1.1×10¹², 1.2×10¹², 1.3×10¹², 1.4×10¹², 1.5×10¹², 1.6×10¹², 1.7×10¹², 1.8×10¹², 1.9×10¹², 2×10¹², 2.1×10¹², 2.2×10¹², 2.3×10¹², 2.4×10¹², 2.5×10¹², 2.6×10¹², 2.7×10¹², 2.8×10¹², 2.9×10¹², 3×10¹², 3.1×10¹², 3.2×10¹², 3.3×10¹², 3.4×10¹², 3.5×10¹², 3.6×10¹², 3.7×10¹², 3.8×10¹², 3.9×10¹², 4×10¹², 4.1×10¹², 4.2×10¹², 4.3×10¹², 4.4×10¹², 4.5×10¹², 4.6×10¹², 4.7×10¹², 4.8×10¹², 4.9×10¹², 5×10¹², 6×10¹², 6.1×10¹², 6.2×10¹², 6.3×10¹², 6.4×10¹², 6.5×10¹², 6.6×10¹², 6.7×10¹², 6.8×10¹², 6.9×10¹², 7×10¹², 8×10¹², 8.1×10¹², 8.2×10¹², 8.3×10¹², 8.4×10¹², 8.5×10¹², 8.6×10¹², 8.7×10¹², 8.8×10¹², 8.9×10¹², 9×10¹², 1×10¹³, 1.1×10¹³, 1.2×10¹³, 1.3×10¹³, 1.4×10¹³, 1.5×10¹³, 1.6×10¹³, 1.7×10¹³, 1.8×10¹³, 1.9×10¹³, 2×10¹³, 3×10¹³, 4×10¹³, 5×10¹³, 6×10¹³, 6.7×10¹³, 7×10¹³, 8×10¹³, 9×10¹³, 1×10¹⁴, 2×10¹⁴, 3×10¹⁴, 4×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁴, 6×10¹⁴, 7×10¹⁴, 8×10¹⁴, 9×10¹⁴, 1×10¹⁵, 2×10¹⁵, 3×10¹⁵, 4×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, 6×10¹⁵, 7×10¹⁵, 8×10¹⁵, 9×10¹⁵, or 1×10¹⁶ VG/subject.

In one embodiment, delivery of compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells may comprise a total concentration per subject between about 1×10⁶ VG/kg and about 1×10¹⁶ VG/kg. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×10⁶, 2×10⁶, 3×10⁶, 4×10⁶, 5×10⁶, 6×10⁶, 7×10⁶, 8×10⁶, 9×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁷, 3×10⁷, 4×10⁷, 5×10⁷, 6×10⁷, 7×10⁷, 8×10⁷, 9×10⁷, 1×10⁸, 2×10⁸, 3×10⁸, 4×10⁸, 5×10⁸, 6×10⁸, 7×10⁸, 8×10⁸, 9×10⁸, 1×10⁹, 2×10⁹, 3×10⁹, 4×10⁹, 5×10⁹, 6×10⁹, 7×10⁹, 8×10⁹, 9×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰, 2×10¹⁰, 3×10¹⁰, 4×10¹⁰, 5×10¹⁰, 6×10¹⁰, 7×10¹⁰, 8×10¹⁰, 9×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 1.2×10¹¹, 1.3×10¹¹, 1.4×10¹¹, 1.5×10¹¹, 1.6×10¹¹, 1.7×10¹¹, 1.8×10¹¹, 1.9×10¹¹, 2×10¹¹, 2.1×10¹¹, 2.2×10¹¹, 2.3×10¹¹, 2.4×10¹¹, 2.5×10¹¹, 2.6×10¹¹, 2.7×10¹¹, 2.8×10¹¹, 2.9×10¹¹, 3×10¹¹, 4×10¹¹, 5×10¹¹, 6×10¹¹, 7×10¹¹, 7.1×10¹¹, 7.2×10¹¹, 7.3×10¹¹, 7.4×10¹¹, 7.5×10¹¹, 7.6×10¹¹, 7.7×10¹¹, 7.8×10¹¹, 7.9×10¹¹, 8×10¹¹, 9×10¹¹, 1×10¹², 1.1×10¹², 1.2×10¹², 1.3×10¹², 1.4×10¹², 1.5×10¹², 1.6×10¹², 1.7×10¹², 1.8×10¹², 1.9×10¹², 2×10¹², 2.1×10¹², 2.2×10¹², 2.3×10¹², 2.4×10¹², 2.5×10¹², 2.6×10¹², 2.7×10¹², 2.8×10¹², 2.9×10¹², 3×10¹², 3.1×10¹², 3.2×10¹², 3.3×10¹², 3.4×10¹², 3.5×10¹², 3.6×10¹², 3.7×10¹², 3.8×10¹², 3.9×10¹², 4×10¹², 4.1×10¹², 4.2×10¹², 4.3×10¹², 4.4×10¹², 4.5×10¹², 4.6×10¹², 4.7×10¹², 4.8×10¹², 4.9×10¹², 5×10¹², 6×10¹², 6.1×10¹², 6.2×10¹², 6.3×10¹², 6.4×10¹², 6.5×10¹², 6.6×10¹², 6.7×10¹², 6.8×10¹², 6.9×10¹², 7×10¹², 8×10¹², 8.1×10¹², 8.2×10¹², 8.3×10¹², 8.4×10¹², 8.5×10¹², 8.6×10¹², 8.7×10¹², 8.8×10¹², 8.9×10¹², 9×10¹², 1×10¹³, 1.1×10¹³, 1.2×10¹³, 1.3×10¹³, 1.4×10¹³, 1.5×10¹³, 1.6×10¹³, 1.7×10¹³, 1.8×10¹³, 1.9×10¹³, 2×10¹³, 3×10¹³, 4×10¹³, 5×10¹³, 6×10¹³, 6.7×10¹³, 7×10¹³, 8×10¹³, 9×10¹³, 1×10¹⁴, 2×10¹⁴, 3×10¹⁴, 4×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁴, 6×10¹⁴, 7×10¹⁴, 8×10¹⁴, 9×10¹⁴, 1×10¹⁵, 2×10¹⁵, 3×10¹⁵, 4×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, 6×10¹⁵, 7×10¹⁵, 8×10¹⁵, 9×10¹⁵, or 1×10¹⁶ VG/kg.

In one embodiment, about 10⁵ to 10⁶ viral genome (unit) may be administered per dose.

In one embodiment, delivery of the compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells may comprise a total concentration between about 1×10⁶ VG/mL and about 1×10¹⁶ VG/mL. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×10⁶, 2×10⁶, 3×10⁶, 4×10⁶, 5×10⁶, 6×10⁶, 7×10⁶, 8×10⁶, 9×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁷, 3×10⁷, 4×10⁷, 5×10⁷, 6×10⁷, 7×10⁷, 8×10⁷, 9×10⁷, 1×10⁸, 2×10⁸, 3×10⁸, 4×10⁸, 5×10⁸, 6×10⁸, 7×10⁸, 8×10⁸, 9×10⁸, 1×10⁹, 2×10⁹, 3×10⁹, 4×10⁹, 5×10⁹, 6×10⁹, 7×10⁹, 8×10⁹, 9×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰, 2×10¹⁰, 3×10¹⁰, 4×10¹⁰, 5×10¹⁰, 6×10¹⁰, 7×10¹⁰, 8×10¹⁰, 9×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 1.2×10¹¹, 1.3×10¹¹, 1.4×10¹¹, 1.5×10¹¹, 1.6×10¹¹, 1.7×10¹¹, 1.8×10¹¹, 1.9×10¹¹, 2×10¹¹, 3×10¹¹, 4×10¹¹, 5×10¹¹, 6×10¹¹, 7×10¹¹, 8×10¹¹, 9×10¹¹, 1×10¹², 1.1×10¹², 1.2×10¹², 1.3×10¹², 1.4×10¹², 1.5×10¹², 1.6×10¹², 1.7×10¹², 1.8×10¹², 1.9×10¹², 2×10¹², 2.1×10¹², 2.2×10¹², 2.3×10¹², 2.4×10¹², 2.5×10¹², 2.6×10¹², 2.7×10¹², 2.8×10¹², 2.9×10¹², 3×10¹², 3.1×10¹², 3.2×10¹², 3.3×10¹², 3.4×10¹², 3.5×10¹², 3.6×10¹², 3.7×10¹², 3.8×10¹², 3.9×10¹², 4×10¹², 4.1×10¹², 4.2×10¹², 4.3×10¹², 4.4×10¹², 4.5×10¹², 4.6×10¹², 4.7×10¹², 4.8×10¹², 4.9×10¹², 5×10¹², 6×10¹², 6.1×10¹², 6.2×10¹², 6.3×10¹², 6.4×10¹², 6.5×10¹², 6.6×10¹², 6.7×10¹², 6.8×10¹², 6.9×10¹², 7×10¹², 8×10¹², 9×10¹², 1×10¹³, 1.1×10¹³, 1.2×10¹³, 1.3×10¹³, 1.4×10¹³, 1.5×10¹³, 1.6×10¹³, 1.7×10¹³, 1.8×10¹³, 1.9×10¹³, 2×10¹³, 3×10¹³, 4×10¹³, 5×10¹³, 6×10¹³, 6.7×10¹³, 7×10¹³, 8×10¹³, 9×10¹³, 1×10¹⁴, 2×10¹⁴, 3×10¹⁴, 4×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁴, 6×10¹⁴, 7×10¹⁴, 8×10¹⁴, 9×10¹⁴, 1×10¹⁵, 2×10¹⁵, 3×10¹⁵, 4×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, 6×10¹⁵, 7×10¹⁵, 8×10¹⁵, 9×10¹⁵, or 1×10¹⁶ VG/mL.

In certain embodiments, the desired siRNA duplex dosage may be delivered using multiple administrations (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations). When multiple administrations are employed, split dosing regimens such as those described herein may be used. As used herein, a “split dose” is the division of single unit dose or total daily dose into two or more doses, e.g., two or more administrations of the single unit dose. As used herein, a “single unit dose” is a dose of any modulatory polynucleotide therapeutic administered in one dose/at one time/single route/single point of contact, i.e., single administration event. As used herein, a “total daily dose” is an amount given or prescribed in a 24 hour period. It may be administered as a single unit dose. In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising the modulatory polynucleotides of the present invention are administered to a subject in split doses. They may be formulated in buffer only or in a formulation described herein.

In one embodiment, the dose, concentration and/or volume of the composition described herein may be adjusted depending on the contribution of the caudate or putamen to cortical and subcortical distribution after administration. The administration may be intracerebroventricular, intraputamenal, intrathalamic, intraparenchymal, subpial, and/or intrathecal administration.

In one embodiment, the dose, concentration and/or volume of the composition described herein may be adjusted depending on the cortical and neuraxial distribution following administration by intracerebroventricular, intraputamenal, intrathalamic, intraparenchymal, subpial, and/or intrathecal delivery.

IV. Methods and Uses of the Compositions of the Invention

Huntington's Disease (HD)

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a monogenic fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive chorea, neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. Huntington's disease is known to be caused by an autosomal dominant triplet (CAG) repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which encodes poly-glutamine at the N-terminus of the HTT protein. This repeat expansion results in a toxic gain of function of HTT and ultimately leads to striatal neurodegeneration which progresses to widespread brain atrophy. Medium spiny neurons of the striatum appear to be especially vulnerable in HD with up to 95% loss, whereas interneurons are largely spared.

Huntington's Disease has a profound impact on quality of life. Symptoms typically appear between the ages of 35-44 and life expectancy subsequent to onset is 10-25 years. In a small percentage of the HD population (˜6%), disease onset occurs prior to the age of 21 with appearance of an akinetic-rigid syndrome. These cases tend to progress faster than those of the later onset variety and have been classified as juvenile or Westphal variant HD. It is estimated that approximately 35,000-70,000 patients are currently suffering from HD in the US and Europe. Currently, only symptomatic relief and supportive therapies are available for treatment of HD, with a cure yet to be identified. Ultimately, individuals with HD succumb to pneumonia, heart failure or other complications such as physical injury from falls.

While not wishing to be bound by theory, the function of the wild type HTT protein may serve as a scaffold to coordinate complexes of other proteins. HTT is a very large protein (67 exons, 3144 amino acids, ˜350 kDa) that undergoes extensive post-translational modification and has numerous sites for interaction with other proteins, particularly at its N-terminus (coincidently the region that carries the repeats in HD). HTT localizes primarily to the cytoplasm but has been shown to shuttle into the nucleus where it may regulate gene transcription. It has also been suggested that HTT has a role in vesicular transport and regulating RNA trafficking.

As a non-limiting example, the HTT nucleic acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1163 (NCBI NM_002111.7).

The mechanisms by which CAG-expanded HTT disrupts normal HTT function and results in neurotoxicity were initially thought to be a disease of haploinsufficiency, this theory was disproven when terminal deletion of the HTT gene in man did not lead to development of HD, suggesting that fully expressed HTT protein is not critical to survival. However, conditional knockout of HTT in mouse led to neurodegeneration, indicating that some amount of HTT is necessary for cell survival. Huntingtin protein is expressed in all cells, though its concentration is highest in the brain where large aggregates of abnormal HTT are found in neuronal nuclei. In the brains of HD patients, HTT aggregates into abnormal nuclear inclusions. It is now believed that it is this process of misfolding and aggregating along with the associated protein intermediates (i.e. the soluble species and toxic N-terminal fragments) that result in neurotoxicity. In fact, HD belongs to a family of nine additional human genetic disorders all of which are characterized by CAG-expanded genes and resultant polyglutamine (poly-Q) protein products with subsequent formation of intraneuronal aggregates. Interestingly, in all of these diseases the length of the expansion correlates with both age of onset and rate of disease progression, with longer expansions linked to greater severity of disease.

Hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of CAG-expanded HTT and its resultant aggregates have been wide ranging, but include, caspase activation, dysregulation of transcriptional pathways, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupted axonal transport and/or inhibition of protein degradation systems within the cell. CAG-expanded HTT may not only have a toxic gain of function, but also exert a dominant negative effect by interfering with the normal function of other cellular proteins and processes. HTT has also been implicated in non-cell autonomous neurotoxicity, whereby a cell hosting HTT spreads the HTT to other neurons nearby.

In one embodiment, a subject has fully penetrant HD where the HTT gene has 41 or more CAG repeats (e.g., 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 or more than 90 CAG repeats).

In one embodiment, a subject has incomplete penetrance where the HTT gene has between 36 and 40 CAG repeats (e.g., 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 CAG repeats).

Symptoms of HD may include features attributed to CNS degeneration such as, but are not limited to, chorea, dystonia, bradykinesia, incoordination, irritability and depression, problem solving difficulties, reduction in the ability of a person to function in their normal day to day life, diminished speech, and difficulty swallowing, as well as features not attributed to CNS degeneration such as, but not limited to, weight loss, muscle wasting, metabolic dysfunction and endocrine disturbances.

Model systems for studying Huntington's Disease which may be used with the modulatory polynucleotides and AAV particles described herein include, but are not limited to, cell models (e.g., primary neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells), invertebrate models (e.g., drosophila or Caenorhabditis elegans), mouse models (e.g., YAC128 mouse model; R6/2 mouse model; BAC, YAC and knock-in mouse model), rat models (e.g., BAC) and large mammal models (e.g., pigs, sheep or monkeys).

Studies in animal models of HD have suggested that phenotypic reversal is feasible, for example, subsequent to gene shut off in regulated-expression models. In a mouse model allowing shut off of expression of a 94-polyglutamine repeat HTT protein, not only was the clinical syndrome reversed but also the intracellular aggregates were resolved. Further, animal models in which silencing of HTT was tested, demonstrated promising results with the therapy being both well tolerated and showing potential therapeutic benefit.

Such siRNA mediated HTT expression inhibition may be used for treating HD. According to the present invention, methods for treating and/or ameliorating HD in a patient comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention into cells. The administration of the AAV particles comprising such a nucleic acid sequence will encode the siRNA molecules which cause the inhibition/silence of HTT gene expression.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles described herein may be used to reduce the amount of HTT in a subject in need thereof and thus provides a therapeutic benefit as described herein.

In certain aspects, the symptoms of HD include behavioral difficulties and symptoms such as, but not limited to, apathy or lack of initiative, dysphoria, irritability, agitation or anxiety, poor self-care, poor judgment, inflexibility, disinhibition, depression, suicidal ideation euphoria, aggression, delusions, compulsions, hypersexuality, hallucinations, speech deterioration, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, cognitive dysfunction which impairs executive functions (e.g., organizing, planning, checking or adapting alternatives, and delays in the acquisition of new motor skills), unsteady gait and involuntary movements (chorea). In other aspects, the composition of the present invention is applied to one or both of the brain and the spinal cord. In one embodiment, the survival of the subject is prolonged by treating any of the symptoms of HD described herein.

Disclosed in the present invention are methods for treating Huntington's Disease (HD) associated with HTT protein in a subject in need of treatment. The method optionally comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising at least AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules can silence HTT gene expression, inhibit HTT protein production, and reduce one or more symptoms of HD in the subject such that HD is therapeutically treated.

Methods of Treatment of Huntington's Disease

The present invention provides AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding siRNA molecules targeting the HTT gene, and methods for their design and manufacture. While not wishing to be bound by a single theory of operability, the invention provides modulatory polynucleotides, including siRNAs, that interfere with HTT expression, including HTT mutant and/or wild-type HTT gene expression. Particularly, the present invention employs viral genomes such as adeno-associated viral (AAV) viral genomes comprising modulatory polynucleotide sequences encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention. The AAV particles comprising the modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may increase the delivery of active agents into neurons of interest such as medium spiny neurons of the striatum and cortical neurons. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the HTT gene may be able to inhibit HTT gene expression (e.g., mRNA level) significantly inside cells; therefore, reducing HTT expression induced stress inside the cells such as aggregation of protein and formation of inclusions, increased free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction and RNA metabolism.

Provided in the present invention are methods for introducing the AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention into cells, the method comprising introducing into said cells any of the AAV particles in an amount sufficient for degradation of target HTT mRNA to occur, thereby activating target-specific RNAi in the cells. In some aspects, the cells may be stem cells, neurons such as medium spiny or cortical neurons, muscle cells and glial cells such as astrocytes.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating or ameliorating Huntington's Disease (HD) by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a plasmid or AAV particle described herein.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to treat and/or ameliorate for HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to reduce the cognitive and/or motor decline of a subject with HD, where the amount of decline is determined by a standard evaluation system such as, but not limited to, Unified Huntington's Disease Ratings Scale (UHDRS) and subscores, and cognitive testing.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to reduce the decline of functional capacity and activities of daily living as measured by a standard evaluation system such as, but not limited to, the total functional capacity (TFC) scale.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating, or ameliorating Huntington's Disease associated with HTT gene and/or HTT protein in a subject in need of treatment, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding at least one siRNA duplex targeting the HTT gene, inhibiting HTT gene expression and protein production, and ameliorating symptoms of HD in the subject.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles of the present invention may be used as a method of treating Huntington's disease in a subject in need of treatment. Any method known in the art for defining a subject in need of treatment may be used to identify said subject(s). A subject may have a clinical diagnosis of Huntington's disease, or may be pre-symptomatic. Any known method for diagnosing HD may be utilized, including, but not limited to, cognitive assessments and/or neurological or neuropsychiatric examinations, motor tests, sensory tests, psychiatric evaluations, brain imaging, family history and/or genetic testing.

In one embodiment, HD subject selection is determined with the use of the Prognostic Index for Huntington's Disease, or a derivative thereof (Long J D et al., Movement Disorders, 2017, 32(2), 256-263, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). This prognostic index uses four components to predict probability of motor diagnosis, (1) total motor score (TMS) from the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), (2) Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), (3) base-line age, and (4) cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) expansion.

In one embodiment, the prognostic index for Huntington's Disease is calculated with the following formula: PI_HD=51×TMS+(−34)×SDMT+7×Age×(CAG-34), wherein larger values for PI_HD indicate greater risk of diagnosis or onset of symptoms.

In another embodiment, the prognostic index for Huntington's Disease is calculated with the following normalized formula that gives standard deviation units to be interpreted in the context of 50% 10-year survival: PIN_HD=(PI_ID−883)/1044, wherein PIN_HD<0 indicates greater than 50% 10-year survival, and PIN_HD>0 suggests less than 50% 10-year survival.

In one embodiment, the prognostic index may be used to identify subjects whom will develop symptoms of HD within several years, but that do not yet have clinically diagnosable symptoms. Further, these asymptomatic patients may be selected for and receive treatment using the AAV particles and compositions of the present invention during the asymptomatic period.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who has undergone biomarker assessment. Potential biomarkers in blood for premanifest and early progression of HD include, but are not limited to, 8-OhdG oxidative stress marker, metabolic markers (e.g., creatine kinase, branched-chain amino acids), cholesterol metabolites (e.g., 24-OH cholesterol), immune and inflammatory proteins (e.g., clusterin, complement components, interleukins 6 and 8), gene expression changes (e.g., transcriptomic markers), endocrine markers (e.g., cortisol, ghrelin and leptin), BDNF, adenosine 2A receptors. Potential biomarkers for brain imaging for premanifest and early progression of HD include, but are not limited to, striatal volume, subcortical white-matter volume, cortical thickness, whole brain and ventricular volumes, functional imaging (e.g., functional MRI), PET (e.g., with fluorodeoxyglucose), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., lactate). Potential biomarkers for quantitative clinical tools for premanifest and early progression of HD include, but are not limited to, quantitative motor assessments, motor physiological assessments (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation), and quantitative eye movement measurements. Non-limiting examples of quantitative clinical biomarker assessments include tongue force variability, metronome-guided tapping, grip force, oculomotor assessments and cognitive tests. Non-limiting examples of multicenter observational studies include PREDICT-HD and TRACK-HD. A subject may have symptoms of HD, diagnosed with HD or may be asymptomatic for HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who has undergone biomarker assessment using neuroimaging. A subject may have symptoms of HD, diagnosed with HD or may be asymptomatic for HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is asymptomatic for HD. A subject may be asymptomatic but may have undergone predictive genetic testing or biomarker assessment to determine if they are at risk for HD and/or a subject may have a family member (e.g., mother, father, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandparent) who has been diagnosed with HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the early stages of HD. In the early stage a subject has subtle changes in coordination, some involuntary movements (chorea), changes in mood such as irritability and depression, problem solving difficulties, reduction in the ability of a person to function in their normal day to day life.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the middle stages of HD. In the middle stage a subject has an increase in the movement disorder, diminished speech, difficulty swallowing, and ordinary activities will become harder to do. At this stage a subject may have occupational and physical therapists to help maintain control of voluntary movements and a subject may have a speech language pathologist.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the late stages of HD. In the late stage, a subject with HD is almost completely or completely dependent on others for care as the subject can no longer walk and is unable to speak. A subject can generally still comprehend language and is aware of family and friends but choking is a major concern.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject who has the juvenile form of HD which is the onset of HD before the age of 20 years and as early as 2 years.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with HD who has fully penetrant HD where the HTT gene has 41 or more CAG repeats (e.g., 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 or more than 90 CAG repeats).

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with HD who has incomplete penetrance where the HTT gene has between 36 and 40 CAG repeats (e.g., 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 CAG repeats).

In some embodiments, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject. In other embodiments, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to a tissue of a subject (e.g., brain of the subject).

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered into specific types of targeted cells, including, but not limited to, neurons including medium spiny or cortical neurons; glial cells including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia; and/or other cells surrounding neurons such as T cells.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered to neurons in the striatum and/or neurons of the cortex.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention for treating HD is administered to the subject in need intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intraparenchymally, subpially, intrathecally and/or intraventricularly, allowing the siRNA molecules or vectors comprising the siRNA molecules to pass through one or both the blood-brain barrier and the blood spinal cord barrier, or directly access the brain and/or spinal cord. In some aspects, the method includes administering (e.g., intraparenchymal administration, subpial administration, intraventricular administration and/or intrathecal administration) directly to the central nervous system (CNS) of a subject (using, e.g., an infusion pump and/or a delivery scaffold) a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising AAV particles encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention. The vectors may be used to silence or suppress HTT gene expression, and/or reducing one or more symptoms of HD in the subject such that HD is therapeutically treated.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules or the AAV particles comprising such siRNA molecules may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by infusion to the white matter a subject. While not wishing to be bound by theory, distribution via direct white matter infusion may be independent of axonal transport mechanisms which may be impaired in subjects with Huntington's Disease which means white matter infusion may allow for more transport of the AAV particles.

In one embodiment, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject via intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject via intraparenchymal injection and intrathecal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject via intraparenchymal injection and intracerebroventricular injection.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention for treating HD is administered to the subject in need by intraparenchymal administration.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by infusion into the putamen.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by infusion into the thalamus of a subject. While not wishing to be bound by theory, the thalamus is an area of the brain which is relatively spared in subjects with Huntington's Disease which means it may allow for more widespread cortical transduction via axonal transport of the AAV particles.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be introduced indirectly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by intravenous administration.

Modulate HTT Expression

In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles to a subject will reduce the expression of HTT in a subject and the reduction of expression of the HTT will reduce the effects of HD in a subject.

In one embodiment, the encoded dsRNA once expressed and contacts a cell expressing HTT protein, inhibits the expression of HTT protein by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35% or at least 40% or more, such as when assayed by a method as described herein.

In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding a siRNA of the invention, to a subject may lower HTT (e.g., mutant HTT, wild-type HTT and/or mutant and wild-type HTT) in a subject. In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles to a subject may lower wild-type HTT in a subject. In yet another embodiment, administration of the AAV particles to a subject may lower both mutant HTT and wild-type HTT in a subject. The mutant and/or wild-type HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. The mutant HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. The wild-type HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. The mutant and wild-type HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 50% in the medium spiny neurons. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 40% in the medium spiny neurons. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 40% in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 30% in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen and cortex by at least 40%. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen and cortex by at least 30%. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen by at least 30%. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen by at least 30% and cortex by at least 15%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein expression may be reduced by 50-90%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein expression may be reduced by 30-70%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT mRNA by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT mRNA may be reduced 50-90%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to decrease HTT protein in a subject. The decrease may independently be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a 50% decrease of HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a decrease of 70% of HTT protein and a decrease of 10% of wild type HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the putamen and cortex may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be between 40%-70%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the putamen and cortex may be between 40%-70%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to decrease wild type HTT protein in a subject. The decrease may independently be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a 50% decrease of wild type HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the putamen and cortex may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be between 40%-70%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the putamen and cortex may be between 40%-70%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to decrease mutant HTT protein in a subject. The decrease may independently be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a 50% decrease of mutant HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the putamen and cortex may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be between 40%-70%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the putamen and cortex may be between 40%-70%.\

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell. Accordingly, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can be used to substantially inhibit HTT gene expression in a cell, in particular in a neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, such as by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell, in particular in a medium spiny neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, such as by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell, in particular in an astrocyte. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, such as by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the CNS such as, but not limited to the midbrain. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in at least one region of the CNS. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-90%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the CNS such as, but not limited to the forebrain. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in at least one region of the CNS. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50-90%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the striatum. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 60%.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to suppress HTT protein in neurons and/or astrocytes of the striatum and/or the cortex. As a non-limiting example, the suppression of HTT protein is in medium spiny neurons of the striatum and/or neurons of the cortex.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to suppress HTT protein in neurons and/or astrocytes of the striatum and/or the cortex and reduce associated neuronal toxicity. The suppression of HTT protein in the neurons and/or astrocytes of the striatum and/or the cortex may be, independently, suppressed by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. The reduction of associated neuronal toxicity may be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the motor cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the somatosensory cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the temporal cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the putamen. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in at least one region of the CNS. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 60%.

Solo and Combination Therapy

In some embodiments, the present composition is administered as a solo therapeutic or combination therapeutics for the treatment of HD.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used as a solo therapy. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used in combination therapy. The combination therapy may be in combination with one or more neuroprotective agents such as small molecule compounds, growth factors and hormones which have been tested for their neuroprotective effect on neuron degeneration.

The AAV particles encoding siRNA duplexes targeting the HTT gene may be used in combination with one or more other therapeutic agents. By “in combination with,” it is not intended to imply that the agents must be administered at the same time and/or formulated for delivery together, although these methods of delivery are within the scope of the present disclosure. Compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures. In general, each agent will be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that agent.

Therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with the AAV particles encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be small molecule compounds which are antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-apoptosis agents, calcium regulators, antiglutamatergic agents, structural protein inhibitors, compounds involved in muscle function, and compounds involved in metal ion regulation.

Compounds tested for treating HD which may be used in combination with the vectors described herein include, but are not limited to, dopamine-depleting agents (e.g., tetrabenazine for chorea), benzodiazepines (e.g., clonazepam for myoclonus, chorea, dystonia, rigidity, and/or spasticity), anticonvulsants (e.g., sodium valproate and levetiracetam for myoclonus), amino acid precursors of dopamine (e.g., levodopa for rigidity which is particularly associate with juvenile HD or young adult-onset parkinsonian phenotype), skeletal muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen, tizanidine for rigidity and/or spasticity), inhibitors for acetycholine release at the neuromuscular junction to cause muscle paralysis (e.g., botulinum toxin for bruxism and/or dystonia), atypical neuroleptics (e.g., olanzapine and quetiapine for psychosis and/or irritability, risperidone, sulpiride and haloperidol for psychosis, chorea and/or irritability, clozapine for treatment-resistant psychosis, aripiprazole for psychosis with prominent negative symptoms), agents to increase ATP/cellular energetics (e.g., creatine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, mirtazapine, venlafaxine for depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive behavior and/or irritability), hypnotics (e.g., xopiclone and/or zolpidem for altered sleep-wake cycle), anticonvulsants (e.g., sodium valproate and carbamazepine for mania or hypomania) and mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium for mania or hypomania).

Neurotrophic factors may be used in combination therapy with the AAV particles encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention for treating HD. Generally, a neurotrophic factor is defined as a substance that promotes survival, growth, differentiation, proliferation and/or maturation of a neuron, or stimulates increased activity of a neuron. In some embodiments, the present methods further comprise delivery of one or more trophic factors into the subject in need of treatment. Trophic factors may include, but are not limited to, IGF-I, GDNF, BDNF, CTNF, VEGF, Colivelin, Xaliproden, Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and ADNF, and variants thereof.

In one aspect, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA duplex targeting the HTT gene may be co-administered with AAV particles expressing neurotrophic factors such as AAV-IGF-I (See e.g., Vincent et al., Neuromolecular medicine, 2004, 6, 79-85; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and AAV-GDNF (See e.g., Wang et al., J Neurosci., 2002, 22, 6920-6928; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder, is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by the selective death of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. The incidence of ALS is about 1.9 per 100,000. Patients diagnosed with ALS develop a progressive muscle phenotype characterized by spasticity, hyperreflexia or hyporeflexia, fasciculations, muscle atrophy and paralysis. These motor impairments are caused by the denervation of muscles due to the loss of motor neurons. The major pathological features of ALS include degeneration of the corticospinal tracts and extensive loss of lower motor neurons (LMNs) or anterior horn cells (Ghatak et al., J Neuropathol Exp Neurol., 1986, 45, 385-395), degeneration and loss of Betz cells and other pyramidal cells in the primary motor cortex (Udaka et al., Acta Neuropathol, 1986, 70, 289-295; Maekawa et al., Brain, 2004, 127, 1237-1251) and reactive gliosis in the motor cortex and spinal cord (Kawamata et al., Am J Pathol., 1992, 140, 691-707; and Schiffer et al., J Neurol Sci., 1996, 139, 27-33). ALS is usually fatal within 3 to 5 years after the diagnosis due to respiratory defects and/or inflammation (Rowland L P and Shneibder N A, N Engl. J. Med., 2001, 344, 1688-1700).

A cellular hallmark of ALS is the presence of proteinaceous, ubiquitinated, cytoplasmic inclusions in degenerating motor neurons and surrounding cells (e.g., astrocytes). Ubiquitinated inclusions (i.e., Lewy body-like inclusions or Skein-like inclusions) are the most common and specific type of inclusion in ALS and are found in LMNs of the spinal cord and brainstem, and in corticospinal upper motor neurons (UMNs) (Matsumoto et al., J Neurol Sci., 1993, 115, 208-213; and Sasak and Maruyama, Acta Neuropathol., 1994, 87, 578-585). A few proteins have been identified to be components of the inclusions, including ubiquitin, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), peripherin and Dorfin. Neurofilamentous inclusions are often found in hyaline conglomerate inclusions (HCIs) and axonal ‘spheroids’ in spinal cord motor neurons in ALS. Other types and less specific inclusions include Bunina bodies (cystatin C-containing inclusions) and Crescent shaped inclusions (SCIs) in upper layers of the cortex. Other neuropathological features seen in ALS include fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial vacuolization and ultrastructural abnormalities of synaptic terminals (Fujita et al., Acta Neuropathol. 2002, 103, 243-247).

In addition, in frontotemporal dementia ALS (FTD-ALS) cortical atrophy (including the frontal and temporal lobes) is also observed, which may cause cognitive impairment in FTD-ALS patients.

ALS is a complex and multifactorial disease and multiple mechanisms hypothesized as responsible for ALS pathogenesis include, but are not limited to, dysfunction of protein degradation, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, protein misfolding and aggregation, aberrant RNA metabolism, and altered gene expression.

About 10%-15% of ALS cases have family history of the disease, and these patients are referred to as familial ALS (fALS) or inherited patients, commonly with a Mendelian dominant mode of inheritance and high penetrance. The remainder (approximately 85%-95%) is classified as sporadic ALS (sALS), as they are not associated with a documented family history, but instead are thought to be due to other risk factors including, but not limited to environmental factors, genetic polymorphisms, somatic mutations, and possibly gene-environmental interactions. In most cases, familial (or inherited) ALS is inherited as autosomal dominant disease, but pedigrees with autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance and incomplete penetrance exist. Sporadic and familial forms are clinically indistinguishable suggesting a common pathogenesis. The precise cause of the selective death of motor neurons in ALS remains elusive. Progress in understanding the genetic factors in fALS may shed light on both forms of the disease.

Recently, an explosion to genetic causes of ALS has discovered mutations in more than 10 different genes that are known to cause fALS. The most common ones are found in the genes encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; ˜20%) (Rosen D R et al., Nature, 1993, 362, 59-62), fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS; 1-5%) and TDP-43 (TARDBP; 1-5%). Recently, a hexanucleotide repeat expansion (GGGGCC)_n in the C9orF72 gene was identified as the most frequent cause of fALS (˜40%) in the Western population (reviewed by Renton et al., Nat. Neurosci., 2014, 17, 17-23). Other genes mutated in ALS include alsin (ALS2), senataxin (SETX), vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAPB), and angiogenin (ANG). fALS genes control different cellular mechanisms, suggesting that the pathogenesis of ALS is complicated and may be related to several different processes finally leading to motor neuron degeneration.

SOD1 is one of the three human superoxide dismutases identified and characterized in mammals: copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD or SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2), and extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD or SOD3). SOD1 is a 32 kDa homodimer of a 153-residue polypeptide with one copper- and one zinc-binding site per subunit, which is encoded by the SOD1 gene (GeneBank access No.: NM_000454.4; SEQ ID NO: 1502) on human chromosome 21. SOD1 catalyzes the reaction of superoxide anion (O^2-) into molecular oxygen (O₂) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) at a bound copper ion. The intracellular concentration of SOD1 is high (ranging from 10 to 100 μM), accounting for 1% of the total protein content in the central nervous system (CNS). The protein is localized not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondrial intermembrane spaces in eukaryotic cells (Lindenau J et al., Glia, 2000, 29, 25-34).

Mutations in the SOD1 gene are carried by 15-20% of fALS patients and by 1-2% of all ALS cases. Currently, at least 170 different mutations distributed throughout the 153-amino acid SOD1 polypeptide have been found to cause ALS, and an updated list can be found at the ALS online Genetic Database (ALSOD) (Wroe R et al., Amyotroph Lateral Scler., 2008, 9, 249-250). Table 46 lists some examples of mutations in SOD1 in ALS. These mutations are predominantly single amino acid substitutions (i.e. missense mutations) although deletions, insertions, and C-terminal truncations also occur. Different SOD1 mutations display different geographic distribution patterns. For instance, 40-50% of all Americans with ALS caused by SOD1 gene mutations have a particular mutation Ala4Val (or A4V). The A4V mutation is typically associated with more severe signs and symptoms and the survival period is typically 2-3 years. The I113T mutation is by far the most common mutation in the United Kingdom. The most prevalent mutation in Europe is D90A substitute and the survival period is usually greater than 10 years.

TABLE 46
Examples of SOD1 mutations in ALS
Location Mutations
Exon1    Q22L; E21K, G; F20C; N19S;
(220 bp) G16A, S; V14M, S; G12R; G10G, V, R;
         L8Q, V; V7E; C6G, F; V5L; A4T, V, S
Exon2    T54R; E49K; H48R, Q;
(97 bp)  V47F, A; H46R; F45C; H43R; G41S, D;
         G37R; V29, insA
Exon3    D76Y, V; G72S, C; L67R;
(70 bp)  P66A; N65S; S59I, S
Exon4    D124G, V;
(118 bp) V118L, InsAAAAC; L117V; T116T;
         R115G; G114A; I113T, F; I112M, T;
         G108V; L106V, F; S106L, delTCACTC;
         I104F; D101G, Y, H, N; E100G, K; I99V;
         V97L, M; D96N, V; A95T, V;
         G93S, V, A, C, R, D; D90V, A; A89T, V;
         T88delACTGCTGAC; V87A, M;
         N86I, S, D, K; G85R, S; L84V, F; H80R
Exon5    I151T, S; I149T; V148I, G;
(461 bp) G147D, R; C146R, stop; A145T, G;
         L144F, S; G141E, stop; A140A, G;
         N139D, K, H, N; G138E; T137R;
         S134N; E133V, delGAA, insTT;
         E132insTT; G127R, InsTGGG;
         L126S, delITT, stop; D126, delTT

To investigate the mechanism of neuronal death associated with SOD1 gene defects, several rodent models of SOD1-linked ALS were developed in the art, which express the human SOD1 gene with different mutations, including missense mutations, small deletions or insertions. Non-limiting examples of ALS mouse models include SOD1^G93A, SOD1^A4V, SOD1^G37R, SOD1^G85R, SOD1^90A, SOD1^L84V, SOD1^I113T, SOD1^H36R/H48Q, SOD1^G127X, SOD1^L126X and SOD1^L126delTT. There are two transgenic rat models carrying two different human SOD1 mutations: SOD1^H46R and SOD1^G93R. These rodent ALS models can develop muscle weakness similar to human ALS patients and other pathogenic features that reflect several characteristics of the human disease, in particular, the selective death of spinal motor neurons, aggregation of protein inclusions in motor neurons and microglial activation. It is well known in the art that the transgenic rodents are good models of human SOD1-associated ALS disease and provide models for studying disease pathogenesis and developing disease treatment.

Studies in animal and cellular models showed that SOD1 pathogenic variants cause ALS by gain of function. That is to say, the superoxide dismutase enzyme gains new but harmful properties when altered by SOD1 mutations. For example, some SOD1 mutated variants in ALS increase oxidative stress (e.g., increased accumulation of toxic superoxide radicals) by disrupting the redox cycle. Other studies also indicate that some SOD1 mutated variants in ALS might acquire toxic properties that are independent of its normal physiological function (such as abnormal aggregation of misfolded SOD1 variants. In the aberrant redox chemistry model, mutant SOD1 is unstable and through aberrant chemistry interacts with nonconventional substrates causing overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the protein toxicity model, unstable, misfolded SOD1 aggregates into cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, sequestering proteins crucial for cellular processes. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. It has been shown that oxidation of selected histidine residues that bind metals in the active site mediates SOD1 aggregation.

The aggregated mutant SOD1 protein may also induce mitochondrial dysfunction (Vehvilainen P et al., Front Cell Neurosci., 2014, 8, 126), impairment of axonal transport, aberrant RNA metabolism, glial cell pathology and glutamate excitotoxicity. In some sporadic ALS cases, misfolded wild-type SOD1 protein is found in diseased motor neurons which forms a “toxic conformation” that is similar to that which is seen with familial ALS-linked SOD1 variants (Rotunno M S and Bosco D A, Front Cell Neurosci., 2013, 16, 7, 253). Such evidence suggests that ALS is a protein folding diseases analogous to other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Currently, no curative treatments are available for patients suffering from ALS. The only FDA approved drug Riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamate release, has a moderate effect on ALS, only extending survival by 2-3 months if it is taken for 18 months. Unfortunately, patients taking riluzole do not experience any slowing in disease progression or improvement in muscle function. Therefore, riluzole does not present a cure, or even an effective treatment. Researchers continue to search for better therapeutic agents.

Therapeutic approaches that may prevent or ameliorate SOD1 aggregation have been tested previously. For example, arimoclomol, a hydroxylamine derivative, is a drug that targets heat shock proteins, which are cellular defense mechanisms against these aggregates. Studies demonstrated that treatment with arimoclomol improved muscle function in SOD1 mouse models. Other drugs that target one or more cellular defects in ALS may include AMPA antagonists such as talampanel, beta-lactam antibiotics, which may reduce glutamate-induced excitotoxicity to motor neurons; Bromocriptine that may inhibit oxidative induced motor neuron death (e.g. U.S. Patent publication No. 20110105517; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety); 1,3-diphenylurea derivative or multikinase inhibitor which may reduce SOD1 gene expression (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20130225642; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety); dopamine agonist pramipexole and its anantiomer dexpramipexole, which may ameliorate the oxidative response in mitochondria; nimesulide, which inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060041022; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety); drugs that act as free radical scavengers (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,933,310 and PCT Patent Publication No.: WO2006075434; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).

Another approach to inhibit abnormal SOD1 protein aggregation is to silence/inhibit SOD1 gene expression in ALS. It has been reported that small interfering RNAs for specific gene silencing of the mutated allele are therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of fALS (e.g., Ralgh G S et al., Nat. Medicine, 2005, 11(4), 429-433; and Raoul C et al., Nat. Medicine, 2005, 11(4), 423-428; and Maxwell M M et al., PNAS, 2004, 101(9), 3178-3183; and Ding H et al., Chinese Medical J., 2011, 124(1), 106-110; and Scharz D S et al., Plos Genet., 2006, 2(9), e140; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).

Many other RNA therapeutic agents that target the SOD1 gene and modulate SOD1 expression in ALS are taught in the art. Such RNA based agents include antisense oligonucleotides and double stranded small interfering RNAs. See, e.g., Wang H et al., J Biol. Chem., 2008, 283(23), 15845-15852); U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,498,316; 7,632,938; 7,678,895; 7,951,784; 7,977,314; 8,183,219; 8,309,533 and 8, 586, 554; and U.S. Patent publication Nos. 2006/0229268 and 2011/0263680; the content of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The present invention provides AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising sequences encoding siRNA molecules targeting the SOD1 gene and methods for their design and manufacture. The AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may increase the delivery of active agents into motor neurons. The siRNA duplexes or encoding dsRNA targeting the SOD1 gene may be able to inhibit SOD1 gene expression (e.g., mRNA level) significantly inside cells; therefore, ameliorating SOD1 expression induced stress inside the cells such as aggregation of protein and formation of inclusions, increased free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction and RNA metabolism.

Such siRNA mediated SOD1 expression inhibition may be used for treating ALS. According to the present invention, methods for treating and/or ameliorating ALS in a patient comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention into cells. The administration of the AAV particle comprising such a nucleic acid sequence will encode the siRNA molecules which cause the inhibition/silence of SOD1 gene expression.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising the modulatory polynucleotide, reduce the expression of mutant SOD1 in a subject. The reduction of mutant SOD1 can also reduce the formation of toxic aggregates which can cause mechanisms of toxicity such as, but not limited to, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired axonal transport, aberrant RNA metabolism, glial cell pathology and/or glutamate excitotoxicity.

In one embodiment, the vector, e.g., AAV particles, reduces the amount of SOD1 in a subject in need thereof and thus provides a therapeutic benefit as described herein.

Methods of Treatment of ALS

Provided in the present invention are methods for introducing the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising sequences comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention into cells, the method comprising introducing into said cells any of the vectors in an amount sufficient for degradation of target SOD1 mRNA to occur, thereby activating target-specific RNAi in the cells. In some aspects, the cells may be stem cells, neurons such as motor neurons, muscle cells and glial cells such as astrocytes.

Disclosed in the present invention are methods for treating ALS associated with abnormal SOD1 function in a subject in need of treatment. The method optionally comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising at least AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules can silence SOD1 gene expression, inhibit SOD1 protein production, and reduce one or more symptoms of ALS in the subject such that ALS is therapeutically treated.

In some embodiments, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject. In other embodiments, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the muscles of the subject

In particular, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered into specific types of targeted cells, including motor neurons; glial cells including oligodendrocyte, astrocyte and microglia; and/or other cells surrounding neurons such as T cells. Studies in human ALS patients and animal SOD1 ALS models implicate glial cells as playing an early role in the dysfunction and death of motor neurons. Normal SOD1 in the surrounding, protective glial cells can prevent the motor neurons from dying even though mutant SOD1 is present in motor neurons (e.g., reviewed by Philips and Rothstein, Exp. Neurol., 2014, May 22. pii: S0014-4886(14)00157-5; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

In some specific embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used as a therapy for ALS.

In some embodiments, the present composition is administered as a solo therapeutics or combination therapeutics for the treatment of ALS.

The AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules targeting the SOD1 gene may be used in combination with one or more other therapeutic agents. By “in combination with,” it is not intended to imply that the agents must be administered at the same time and/or formulated for delivery together, although these methods of delivery are within the scope of the present disclosure. Compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures. In general, each agent will be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that agent.

Therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be small molecule compounds which are antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-apoptosis agents, calcium regulators, antiglutamatergic agents, structural protein inhibitors, and compounds involved in metal ion regulation.

Compounds tested for treating ALS which may be used in combination with the vectors described herein include, but are not limited to, antiglutamatergic agents: Riluzole, Topiramate, Talampanel, Lamotrigine, Dextromethorphan, Gabapentin and AMPA antagonist; Anti-apoptosis agents: Minocycline, Sodium phenylbutyrate and Arimoclomol; Anti-inflammatory agent: ganglioside, Celecoxib, Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Plasmaphoresis, Glatiramer acetate and thalidomide; Ceftriaxone (Berry et al., Plos One, 2013, 8(4)); Beat-lactam antibiotics; Pramipexole (a dopamine agonist) (Wang et al., Amyotrophic Lateral Scler., 2008, 9(1), 50-58); Nimesulide in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060074991; Diazoxide disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20130143873); pyrazolone derivatives disclosed in US Patent Publication No. 20080161378; free radical scavengers that inhibit oxidative stress-induced cell death, such as bromocriptine Patent Publication No. 20110105517); phenyl carbamate compounds discussed in PCT Patent Publication No. 2013100571; neuroprotective compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,933,310 and 8,399,514 and US Patent Publication Nos. 20110237907 and 20140038927; and glycopeptides taught in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070185012; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Therapeutic agents that may be used in combination therapy with the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be hormones or variants that can protect neuronal loss, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or fragments thereof (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20130259875); Estrogen (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,334,998 and 6,592,845); the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Neurotrophic factors may be used in combination therapy with the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention for treating ALS. Generally, a neurotrophic factor is defined as a substance that promotes survival, growth, differentiation, proliferation and/or maturation of a neuron, or stimulates increased activity of a neuron. In some embodiments, the present methods further comprise delivery of one or more trophic factors into the subject in need of treatment. Trophic factors may include, but are not limited to, IGF-I, GDNF, BDNF, CTNF, VEGF, Colivelin, Xaliproden, Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and ADNF, and variants thereof.

In one aspect, the vector, e.g., AAV particle, encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the at least one siRNA duplex targeting the SOD1 gene may be co-administered with AAV particles expressing neurotrophic factors such as AAV-IGF-I (Vincent et al., Neuromolecular medicine, 2004, 6, 79-85; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and AAV-GDNF (Wang et al., J Neurosci., 2002, 22, 6920-6928; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention for treating ALS is administered to the subject in need intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intrathecally and/or intraventricularly, allowing the siRNA molecules or vectors comprising the siRNA molecules to pass through one or both the blood-brain barrier and the blood spinal cord barrier. In some aspects, the method includes administering (e.g., intraventricularly administering and/or intrathecally administering) directly to the central nervous system (CNS) of a subject (using, e.g., an infusion pump and/or a delivery scaffold) a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention. The vectors may be used to silence or suppress SOD1 gene expression, and/or reducing one or more symptoms of ALS in the subject such that ALS is therapeutically treated.

In certain aspects, the symptoms of ALS include, but are not limited to, motor neuron degeneration, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, the stiffness of muscle, difficulty in breathing, slurred speech, fasciculation development, frontotemporal dementia and/or premature death are improved in the subject treated. In other aspects, the composition of the present invention is applied to one or both of the brain and the spinal cord. In other aspects, one or both of muscle coordination and muscle function are improved. In other aspects, the survival of the subject is prolonged.

In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention, to a subject may lower mutant SOD1 in the CNS of a subject. In another embodiment, administration of the AAV particles, to a subject may lower wild-type SOD1 in the CNS of a subject. In yet another embodiment, administration of the AAV particles, to a subject may lower both mutant SOD1 and wild-type SOD1 in the CNS of a subject. The mutant and/or wild-type SOD1 may be lowered by about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of wild-type SOD1 by at least 50% in the motor neurons (e.g., ventral horn motor neurons) and/or astrocytes. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of mutant SOD1 by at least 50% in the motor neurons (e.g., ventral horn motor neurons) and/or astrocytes. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of wild-type SOD1 and mutant SOD1 by at least 50% in the motor neurons (e.g., ventral horn motor neurons) and/or astrocytes.

In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles, to a subject will reduce the expression of mutant and/or wild-type SOD1 in the spinal cord and the reduction of expression of the mutant and/or wild-type SOD1 will reduce the effects of ALS in a subject.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the early stages of ALS. Early stage symptoms include, but are not limited to, muscles which are weak and soft or stiff, tight and spastic, cramping and twitching (fasciculations) of muscles, loss of muscle bulk (atrophy), fatigue, poor balance, slurred words, weak grip, and/or tripping when walking. The symptoms may be limited to a single body region or a mild symptom may affect more than one region. As a non-limiting example, administration of the AAV particles may reduce the severity and/or occurrence of the symptoms of ALS.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the middle stages of ALS. The middle stage of ALS includes, but is not limited to, more widespread muscle symptoms as compared to the early stage, some muscles are paralyzed while others are weakened or unaffected, continued muscle twitchings (fasciculations), unused muscles may cause contractures where the joints become rigid, painful and sometimes deformed, weakness in swallowing muscles may cause choking and greater difficulty eating and managing saliva, weakness in breathing muscles can cause respiratory insufficiency which can be prominent when lying down, and/or a subject may have bouts of uncontrolled and inappropriate laughing or crying (pseudobulbar affect). As a non-limiting example, administration of the AAV particles may reduce the severity and/or occurrence of the symptoms of ALS.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the late stages of ALS. The late stage of ALS includes, but is not limited to, voluntary muscles which are mostly paralyzed, the muscles that help move air in and out of the lungs are severely compromised, mobility is extremely limited, poor respiration may cause fatigue, fuzzy thinking, headaches and susceptibility to infection or diseases (e.g., pneumonia), speech is difficult and eating or drinking by mouth may not be possible.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with ALS who has a C9orf72 mutation.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with ALS who has TDP-43 mutations.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with ALS who has FUS mutations.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention comprises an AAVrh10 capsid and a self-complementary AAV viral genome comprising an H1 promoter, a stuffer sequence originating from a pLKO.1 lentiviral vector and a SOD1 targeting payload.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention comprises an AAV2 capsid and a self-complementary AAV viral genome.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention comprises an AAV2 capsid and a self-complementary AAV viral genome comprising an H1 promoter, a stuffer sequence originating from a pLKO.1 lentiviral vector and a SOD1 targeting payload.

V. Definitions

Unless stated otherwise, the following terms and phrases have the meanings described below. The definitions are not meant to be limiting in nature and serve to provide a clearer understanding of certain aspects of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “nucleic acid”, “polynucleotide” and ‘oligonucleotide” refer to any nucleic acid polymers composed of either polydeoxyribonucleotides (containing 2-deoxy-D-ribose), or polyribonucleotides (containing D-ribose), or any other type of polynucleotide which is an N glycoside of a purine or pyrimidine base, or modified purine or pyrimidine bases. There is no intended distinction in length between the term “nucleic acid”, “polynucleotide” and “oligonucleotide”, and these terms will be used interchangeably. These terms refer only to the primary structure of the molecule. Thus, these terms include double- and single-stranded DNA, as well as double- and single stranded RNA.

As used herein, the term “RNA” or “RNA molecule” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides; the term “DNA” or “DNA molecule” or “deoxyribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. DNA and RNA can be synthesized naturally, e.g., by DNA replication and transcription of DNA, respectively; or be chemically synthesized. DNA and RNA can be single-stranded (i.e., ssRNA or ssDNA, respectively) or multi-stranded (e.g., double stranded, i.e., dsRNA and dsDNA, respectively). The term “mRNA” or “messenger RNA”, as used herein, refers to a single stranded RNA that encodes the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptide chains.

As used herein, the term “RNA interfering” or “RNAi” refers to a sequence specific regulatory mechanism mediated by RNA molecules which results in the inhibition or interfering or “silencing” of the expression of a corresponding protein-coding gene. RNAi has been observed in many types of organisms, including plants, animals and fungi. RNAi occurs in cells naturally to remove foreign RNAs (e.g., viral RNAs). Natural RNAi proceeds via fragments cleaved from free dsRNA which direct the degradative mechanism to other similar RNA sequences. RNAi is controlled by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and is initiated by short/small dsRNA molecules in cell cytoplasm, where they interact with the catalytic RISC component argonaute. The dsRNA molecules can be introduced into cells exogenously. Exogenous dsRNA initiates RNAi by activating the ribonuclease protein Dicer, which binds and cleaves dsRNAs to produce double-stranded fragments of 21-25 base pairs with a few unpaired overhang bases on each end. These short double stranded fragments are called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

As used herein, the terms “short interfering RNA,” “small interfering RNA” or “siRNA” refer to an RNA molecule (or RNA analog) comprising between about 5-60 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs) which is capable of directing or mediating RNAi. Preferably, a siRNA molecule comprises between about 15-30 nucleotides or nucleotide analogs, such as between about 16-25 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), between about 18-23 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), between about 19-22 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs) (e.g., 19, 20, 21 or 22 nucleotides or nucleotide analogs), between about 19-25 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), and between about 19-24 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs). The term “short” siRNA refers to a siRNA comprising 5-23 nucleotides, preferably 21 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), for example, 19, 20, 21 or 22 nucleotides. The term “long” siRNA refers to a siRNA comprising 24-60 nucleotides, preferably about 24-25 nucleotides, for example, 23, 24, 25 or 26 nucleotides. Short siRNAs may, in some instances, include fewer than 19 nucleotides, e.g., 16, 17 or 18 nucleotides, or as few as 5 nucleotides, provided that the shorter siRNA retains the ability to mediate RNAi. Likewise, long siRNAs may, in some instances, include more than 26 nucleotides, e.g., 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or even 60 nucleotides, provided that the longer siRNA retains the ability to mediate RNAi or translational repression absent further processing, e.g., enzymatic processing, to a short siRNA. siRNAs can be single stranded RNA molecules (ss-siRNAs) or double stranded RNA molecules (ds-siRNAs) comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand which hybridized to form a duplex structure called siRNA duplex.

As used herein, the term “the antisense strand” or “the first strand” or “the guide strand” of a siRNA molecule refers to a strand that is substantially complementary to a section of about 10-50 nucleotides, e.g., about 15-30, 16-25, 18-23 or 19-22 nucleotides of the mRNA of the gene targeted for silencing. The antisense strand or first strand has sequence sufficiently complementary to the desired target mRNA sequence to direct target-specific silencing, e.g., complementarity sufficient to trigger the destruction of the desired target mRNA by the RNAi machinery or process.

As used herein, the term “the sense strand” or “the second strand” or “the passenger strand” of a siRNA molecule refers to a strand that is complementary to the antisense strand or first strand. The antisense and sense strands of a siRNA molecule are hybridized to form a duplex structure. As used herein, a “siRNA duplex” includes a siRNA strand having sufficient complementarity to a section of about 10-50 nucleotides of the mRNA of the gene targeted for silencing and a siRNA strand having sufficient complementarity to form a duplex with the other siRNA strand.

As used herein, the term “complementary” refers to the ability of polynucleotides to form base pairs with one another. Base pairs are typically formed by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide units in antiparallel polynucleotide strands. Complementary polynucleotide strands can form base pair in the Watson-Crick manner (e.g., A to T, A to U, C to G), or in any other manner that allows for the formation of duplexes. As persons skilled in the art are aware, when using RNA as opposed to DNA, uracil rather than thymine is the base that is considered to be complementary to adenosine. However, when a U is denoted in the context of the present invention, the ability to substitute a T is implied, unless otherwise stated. Perfect complementarity or 100% complementarity refers to the situation in which each nucleotide unit of one polynucleotide strand can form hydrogen bond with a nucleotide unit of a second polynucleotide strand. Less than perfect complementarity refers to the situation in which some, but not all, nucleotide units of two strands can form hydrogen bond with each other. For example, for two 20-mers, if only two base pairs on each strand can form hydrogen bond with each other, the polynucleotide strands exhibit 10% complementarity. In the same example, if 18 base pairs on each strand can form hydrogen bonds with each other, the polynucleotide strands exhibit 90% complementarity.

As used herein, the term “substantially complementary” means that the siRNA has a sequence (e.g., in the antisense strand) which is sufficient to bind the desired target mRNA, and to trigger the RNA silencing of the target mRNA.

As used herein, “targeting” means the process of design and selection of nucleic acid sequence that will hybridize to a target nucleic acid and induce a desired effect.

The term “gene expression” refers to the process by which a nucleic acid sequence undergoes successful transcription and in most instances translation to produce a protein or peptide. For clarity, when reference is made to measurement of “gene expression”, this should be understood to mean that measurements may be of the nucleic acid product of transcription, e.g., RNA or mRNA or of the amino acid product of translation, e.g., polypeptides or peptides. Methods of measuring the amount or levels of RNA, mRNA, polypeptides and peptides are well known in the art.

As used herein, the term “mutation” refers to any changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant (also called “mutant”) form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations. Mutations in a gene may be caused by the alternation of single base in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

As used herein, the term “vector” means any molecule or moiety which transports, transduces or otherwise acts as a carrier of a heterologous molecule such as the siRNA molecule of the invention. A “viral genome” or “vector genome” or “viral vector” refers to a sequence which comprises one or more polynucleotide regions encoding or comprising a molecule of interest, e.g., a transgene, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide or a modulatory nucleic acid such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). Viral genomes are commonly used to deliver genetic materials into cells. Viral genomes are often modified for specific applications. Types of viral genome sequence include retroviral viral genome sequences, lentiviral viral genome sequences, adenoviral viral genome sequences and adeno-associated viral genome sequences.

The term “adeno-associated virus” or “AAV” as used herein refers to any vector which comprises or derives from components of an adeno-associated vector and is suitable to infect mammalian cells, preferably human cells. The term AAV vector typically designates an AAV type viral particle or virion comprising a payload. The AAV vector may be derived from various serotypes, including combinations of serotypes (i.e., “pseudotyped” AAV) or from various genomes (e.g., single stranded or self-complementary). In addition, the AAV vector may be replication defective and/or targeted.

As used herein, the phrase “inhibit expression of a gene” means to cause a reduction in the amount of an expression product of the gene. The expression product can be a RNA molecule transcribed from the gene (e.g., an mRNA) or a polypeptide translated from an mRNA transcribed from the gene. Typically a reduction in the level of an mRNA results in a reduction in the level of a polypeptide translated therefrom. The level of expression may be determined using standard techniques for measuring mRNA or protein.

As used herein, the term “in vitro” refers to events that occur in an artificial environment, e.g., in a test tube or reaction vessel, in cell culture, in a Petri dish, etc., rather than within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, or microbe).

As used herein, the term “in vivo” refers to events that occur within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, or microbe or cell or tissue thereof).

As used herein, the term “modified” refers to a changed state or structure of a molecule of the invention. Molecules may be modified in many ways including chemically, structurally, and functionally.

As used herein, the term “synthetic” means produced, prepared, and/or manufactured by the hand of man. Synthesis of polynucleotides or polypeptides or other molecules of the present invention may be chemical or enzymatic.

As used herein, the term “transfection” refers to methods to introduce exogenous nucleic acids into a cell. Methods of transfection include, but are not limited to, chemical methods, physical treatments and cationic lipids or mixtures. The list of agents that can be transfected into a cell is large and includes, but is not limited to, siRNA, sense and/or anti-sense sequences, DNA encoding one or more genes and organized into an expression plasmid, proteins, protein fragments, and more.

As used herein, “off target” refers to any unintended effect on any one or more target, gene, or cellular transcript.

As used herein, the phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

As used herein, the term “effective amount” of an agent is that amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results, for example, clinical results, and, as such, an “effective amount” depends upon the context in which it is being applied. For example, in the context of administering an agent that treats HD, an effective amount of an agent is, for example, an amount sufficient to achieve treatment, as defined herein, of HD, as compared to the response obtained without administration of the agent. For example, in the context of administering an agent that treats ALS, an effective amount of an agent is, for example, an amount sufficient to achieve treatment, as defined herein, of ALS, as compared to the response obtained without administration of the agent.

As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of an agent to be delivered (e.g., nucleic acid, drug, therapeutic agent, diagnostic agent, prophylactic agent, etc.) that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to an infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition, to treat, improve symptoms of, diagnose, prevent, and/or delay the onset of the infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition.

As used herein, the term “subject” or “patient” refers to any organism to which a composition in accordance with the invention may be administered, e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic, and/or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates such as chimpanzees and other apes and monkey species, and humans) and/or plants.

As used herein, the term “preventing” or “prevention” refers to delaying or forestalling the onset, development or progression of a condition or disease for a period of time, including weeks, months, or years.

The term “treatment” or “treating,” as used herein, refers to the application of one or more specific procedures used for the cure or amelioration of a disease. In certain embodiments, the specific procedure is the administration of one or more pharmaceutical agents. In the context of the present invention, the specific procedure is the administration of one or more siRNA molecules.

As used herein, the term “amelioration” or “ameliorating” refers to a lessening of severity of at least one indicator of a condition or disease. For example, in the context of neurodegeneration disorder, amelioration includes the reduction of neuron loss.

As used herein, the term “administering” refers to providing a pharmaceutical agent or composition to a subject.

As used herein, the term “neurodegeneration” refers to a pathologic state which results in neural cell death. A large number of neurological disorders share neurodegeneration as a common pathological state. For example, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) all cause chronic neurodegeneration, which is characterized by a slow, progressive neural cell death over a period of several years, whereas acute neurodegeneration is characterized by a sudden onset of neural cell death as a result of ischemia, such as stroke, or trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, or as a result of axonal transection by demyelination or trauma caused, for example, by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. In some neurological disorders, mainly one type of neuronal cell is degenerative, for example, medium spiny neuron degeneration in early HD.

VI. Equivalents and Scope

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments in accordance with the invention described herein. The scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims.

In the claims, articles such as “a,” “an,” and “the” may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention includes embodiments in which more than one, or the entire group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.

It is also noted that the term “comprising” is intended to be open and permits but does not require the inclusion of additional elements or steps. When the term “comprising” is used herein, the term “consisting of” is thus also encompassed and disclosed.

Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or subrange within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In addition, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment of the present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Since such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the compositions of the invention (e.g., any antibiotic, therapeutic or active ingredient; any method of production; any method of use; etc.) can be excluded from any one or more claims, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.

It is to be understood that the words which have been used are words of description rather than limitation, and that changes may be made within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the true scope and spirit of the invention in its broader aspects.

While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention.

VII. Examples

Example 1. AAV-miRNA Expression Vectors

The constructs comprising the pri-miRNA cassettes containing guide strands targeting HTT and passenger strands were engineered into AAV-miRNA expression vectors (either ss or sc). The AAV-miRNA expression vector construct from ITR to ITR, recited 5′ to 3′, comprises an ITR (mutant or wild-type), a promoter comprising either a CMV (which includes an SV40 intron), U6, H1, CBA (which includes a CMVie enhancer, a CB promoter and an SV40 intron) or CAG promoter (which includes a CMVie enhancer, a CB promoter and a rabbit betaglobin intron), the pri-miRNA cassette, a rabbit globin polyA or human growth hormone and wild type ITR. In vitro and in vivo studies are performed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the AAV-miRNA expression vectors.

Example 2. In Vivo Studies of AAV-miRNA

A. In Vivo Studies of Efficacy

Based on HTT suppression in YAC128 mice, guide to passenger ratio, and precision of 5′ end processing, selected AAV-miRNA expression vectors are packaged in AAV1 (either as ss or sc) with a CBA promoter (AAV1.CBA.iHtt), formulated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.001% F-68 and administered to YAC128 mice to assess efficacy. AAV1 vectors are administered to YAC128 mice 7-12 weeks of age via bilateral intrastriatal infusion at a dose of approximately 1E10 to 3E10 vg in 5 uL over 10 minutes per hemisphere. A control group is treated with vehicle (PBS with 0.001% F-68). Following test article administration, behavioral tests including rotarod and Porsolt swim tests are performed at pre-determined time intervals, to assess efficacy. At a pre-determined day post-dosing, animals are euthanized, and striatum tissue punches are collected and snap-frozen. Tissue samples are homogenized and the total RNA is purified. The relative expression of HTT is determined by qRT-PCR. Housekeeping genes for normalization included mouse XPNPEP1. HTT is normalized to housekeeping gene expression, and then further normalized to the vehicle group. Samples are also used to quantify HTT protein.

B. In Vivo Study in NHP of HTT Suppression, Guide to Passenger Ratio and 5′ End Precision of Processing

Based on HTT suppression in YAC128 mice, guide to passenger ratio, and precision of 5′ end processing, selected AAV-miRNA expression vectors are packaged in AAV1 with a CBA promoter (AAV1.CBA.iHtt), formulated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.001% F-68 and administered to non-human primates by intraparenchymal brain infusion. A control group is treated with vehicle (PBS with 0.001% F-68). The relative expression of HTT mRNA, guide to passenger ratio, and the precision of 5′ end processing is determined in various tissue samples at a pre-determined time post-dosing.

Example 3. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs in HEK293T and HeLa Cells

The polycistronic miRNA expression vectors encoding VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) were packaged in AAV2, and infected into HEK293T cells and HeLa cells. For HEK293T, the cells were plated into 96-well plates (2.5E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium) and infected with polycistronic miRNA expression vectors. The HeLa cells were plated into 96-well plates (1E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium). 24 hours after infection, the cells were harvested for immediate cell lysis and measurement of luciferase activity or isolation of RNA for qRT-PCR.

A. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs (125 pM and 250 pM)

The relative activity (relative luciferase) of the polycistronic constructs 48 hours after transfection at 125 pM and 250 pM was determined by luciferase activity for the HEK293T and HeLa cells. The relative activity was obtained by normalizing the renilla luciferase level to the interal control firefly luciferase level as determined by duo-luciferase assay.

The RLU for the polycistronic constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Table 47. In Table 47, two modulatory polynucleotides were tested in each vector and the modulatory polynucleotides were in tandem. In the table, the vector encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide.

For the HEK293T cells, the control had a RLU of 1 at 125 pM and 1.11 at 250 pM. The construct encoding one VOYHTmiR-104.016 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1589) transfected at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.13 and at 250 pM provided a RLU of 0.14. The construct encoding the VOYHTmiR-127.579 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1599) transfected at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.14 and at 250 pM provided a RLU of 0.14. When two vectors each encoding one of the two modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589]) and VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) were transfected at the same time at 125 pM each, a RLU of 0.06 was seen.

For the HeLa cells, the control had a RLU of 1 at 125 pM and 0.99 at 250 pM. The construct encoding the VOYHTmiR-104.016 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1589) transfected at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.26 and at 250 pM provided a RLU of 0.27. The construct encoding the VOYHTmiR-127.579 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1599) transfected at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.20 and at 250 pM provided a RLU of 0.12. When two constructs each encoding one of the two modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) were transfected at the same time at 125 pM each, a RLU of 0.22 was seen.

TABLE 47
Polycistronic activity
Modulatory	Modulatory		RLU
Polynucleotide	Polynucleotide	Sequence	HEK293T	HeLa
Name	SEQ ID	Name	125 pM	250 pM	125 pM	250 pM
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	0.13	0.17	0.23	0.26
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.09
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	0.05	0.06	0.16	0.17
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	0.13	0.14	0.18	0.17
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

The vectors encoding both the VOYHTmiR-104.016 and VOYHTmiR-127.579 in tandem showed the best activity as compared to the controls.

B. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs (62.5 pM and 125 pM) and Length of Vector

The relative activity (relative luciferase) of the polycistronic constructs with and without filler DNA (to make the total DNA content the same in each condition) 40 hours after transfection at 62.5 pM and 125 pM was determined by Duo-Luciferase assay for HeLa cells. The relative activity was obtained by normalizing the renilla luciferase level to the internal control firefly luciferase level as determined by duo-luciferase assay. The RLU for the polycistronic constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Table 48. In Table 48, two modulatory polynucleotides were tested in each construct and the modulatory polynucleotides were in tandem. In the table, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide.

For constructs with filler DNA, the control had a RLU of 1 at 62.5 pM and 125 pM. The constructs encoding the VOYHTmiR-104.016 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1589) transfected at 62.5 pM provided a RLU of 0.45 and at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.31. The constructs encoding the VOYHTmiR-127.579 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1599) transfected at 62.5 pM provided a RLU of 0.25 and at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.20. When two constructs each encoding one of the two modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) were transfected at the same time at 62.5 pM each, a RLU of 0.26 was seen.

For constructs without filler DNA, the control had a RLU of 1 at 62.5 pM and 125 pM. The constructs encoding the VOYHTmiR-104.016 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1589) transfected at 62.5 pM provided a RLU of 0.31 and at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.24. The constructs encoding the VOYHTmiR-127.579 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1599) transfected at 62.5 pM provided a RLU of 0.29 and at 125 pM provided a RLU of 0.24. When two constructs each encoding one of the two modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) were transfected at the same time at 62.5 pM each, a RLU of 0.23 was seen.

TABLE 48
Polycistronic activity
Modulatory	Modulatory		RLU
Polynucleotide	Polynucleotide	Sequence	With Filler DNA	Without Filler DNA
Name	SEQ ID	Name	62.5 pM	125 pM	62.5 pM	125 pM
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	0.41	0.38	0.36	0.37
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	0.17	0.15	0.16	0.15
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	0.36	0.24	0.35	0.23
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	0.30	0.23	0.29	0.23
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

Both the higher and lower dose of the constructs showed similar expression with and without the filler DNA. The constructs with the VOYHTmiR-127.579 and VOYHTmiR-104.016 modulatory polynucleotides in tandem showed the lowest RLU for both transfection conditions.

C. HTT Suppression after Transfection with Polycistronic Constructs

The relative expression of HTT mRNA 48 hours after transfection at a 125 pM or 250 pM was determined by qRT-PCR for HeLa. The relative HTT mRNA expression was obtained by normalizing the HTT mRNA level to the housekeeping gene mRNA level as determined by qRT-PCR; this normalized HTT mRNA level was then expressed relative to the normalized HTT mRNA level in control treated cells. The results for the polycistronic constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Table 49. In Table 49, two modulatory polynucleotides were tested in each construct and the modulatory polynucleotides were in tandem. In the table, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide.

The constructs encoding the VOYHTmiR-104.016 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1589) transfected at 125 pM provided a relative Htt mRNA level (normalized to control) of 50% and at 250 pM provided a relative Htt mRNA level (normalized to control) of 61%. The constructs encoding the VOYHTmiR-127.579 modulatory polynucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1599) transfected at 125 pM provided a relative Htt mRNA level (normalized to control) of 52% and at 250 pM provided a relative Htt mRNA level (normalized to control) of 56%. When two constructs each encoding one of the two modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) were transfected at the same time at 125 pM each, a relative Htt mRNA level (normalized to control) of 49% was seen.

TABLE 49
Knock-Down of HTT
			Relative HTT
			mRNA Level (%)
	Modulatory		(normalized
	polynu-		to Control)
Modulatory Polynu-	cleotide	Sequence	HeLa
cleotide Name	SEQ ID	Name	125 pM	250 pM
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	43	50
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	43	36
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	49	50
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	55	50
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

The constructs encoding both the VOYHTmiR-104.016 and VOYHTmiR-127.579 in tandem showed the best activity as compared to the controls for both transfection conditions.

D. HTT Suppression after Infection at MOI of 1E4 and 1E5 vg/cell

The relative expression of HTT mRNA 24 hours after infection at a MOI of 1E4 or 1E5 vg/cell was determined by qRT-PCR for HEK293T and HeLa cells. The relative HTT mRNA expression was obtained by normalizing the HTT mRNA level to the housekeeping gene mRNA level as determined by qRT-PCR; this normalized HTT mRNA level was then expressed relative to the normalized HTT mRNA level in mCherry-treated cells. The results are shown in Tables 50 and 51.

TABLE 50
Knock-Down of HTT
		Relative HTT
		mRNA Level (%)
Modulatory	Modulatory	(normalized to Control)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	HEK293T	HeLa
Name	SEQ ID	1E4	1E5	1E4	1E5
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589	42	28	75	47
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599	44	29	67	45
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	35	27	67	46
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589
Construct 2:	Construct 2:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599
Untreated	—	86	91	67	96

TABLE 51
Knock-Down of HTT
			Relative HTT
			mRNA Level (%)
Modulatory	Modulatory		(normalized to Control)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	HEK293T	HeLa
Name	SEQ ID	Name	1E4	1E5	1E4	1E5
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	48	27	47	46
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	32	22	46	28
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	30	23	60	26
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	39	28	67	34
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

The vectors encoding both the VOYHTmiR-104.016 and VOYHTmiR-127.579 in tandem showed the best activity as compared to the controls for both infection levels in both cell types.

E. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs (62.5 pM and 125 pM)

The relative activity (relative luciferase) of the polycistronic constructs 48 hours after transfection at 62.5 pM and 125 pM was determined by duo-luciferase assay for the HEK293T and HeLa cells. The relative activity was obtained by normalizing the renilla luciferase level to the internal control firefly luciferase level as determined by duo-luciferase assay. The RLU for the polycistronic constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Tables 52-53. In Table 53, two, three or four modulatory polynucleotides were tested in each construct and the modulatory polynucleotides were in tandem. For example, if there are two modulatory polynucleotides, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide.

TABLE 52
Knock-Down of HTT
	RLU
Modulatory	Modulatory	HEK293T	HEK293T
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	62.5	62.5	62.5	62.5
Name	SEQ ID	pM	pM	pM	pM
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589	0.24	0.2	0.59	0.3
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599	0.31	0.23	0.84	0.27
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	0.1	0.11	0.25	0.2
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589
Construct 2:	Construct 2:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599
Untreated	—	0.24	0.2	0.59	0.3

TABLE 53
Polycistronic activity
Modulatory	Modulatory		RLU
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	293T	HeLa
Name	SEQ ID	Name	62.5 pM	125 pM	62.5 pM	125 pM
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	0.11	0.09	0.26	0.11
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC35	0.11	0.11	0.28	0.28
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC36	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.10
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC51	0.08	0.07	0.18	0.12
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
D: VOYHTmiR-104.016	D: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC52	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.10
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
D: VOYHTmiR-127.579	D: 1599

The constructs encoding more than two modulatory polynucleotides gave the lowest RLU values for both transfection conditions in both cell types.

Example 4. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs in HEK293T and HeLa Cells

The polycistronic miRNA expression constructs encoding VOYHTmiR-104.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1595) and VOYHTmiR-127.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1593) were packaged in scAAV2, and infected into HEK293T cells and HeLa cells. For HEK293T, the cells were plated into 96-well plates (2.5E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium) and infected with polycistronic miRNA expression vectors. The HeLa cells were plated into 96-well plates (1E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium). 24 hours after infection, the cells were harvested for immediate cell lysis and measurement of luciferase activity or isolation for qRT-PCR.

A. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs (62.5 pM and 125 pM)

The relative activity (relative luciferase) of the polycistronic constructs 48 hours after transfection at 62.5 pM and 125 pM was determined by qRT-PCR for HEK293T and HeLa cells. The relative activity was obtained by normalizing the renilla luciferase level to the internal control firefly luciferase level as determined by duo-luciferase assay. The RLU for the polycistronic constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Tables 54-55. In Table 55, two modulatory polynucleotides were tested in each construct and the modulatory polynucleotides were in tandem. In the table, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide.

TABLE 54
Knock-Down of HTT
	RLU
Modulatory	Modulatory	HEK293T	HeLa
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	62.5	125	62.5	125
Name	SEQ ID	pM	pM	pM	pM
VOYHTmiR-104.579	1595	0.24	0.13	0.51	0.25
VOYHTmiR-127.016	1593	0.33	0.16	0.23	0.22
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.12
VOYHTmiR-104.579	1595
Construct 2:	Construct 2:
VOYHTmiR-127.016	1593

TABLE 55
Polycistronic activity
Modulatory	Modulatory		RLU
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	HEK293T	HeLa
Name	SEQ ID	Name	62.5 pM	125 pM	62.5 pM	125 pM
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	0.12	0.09	0.19	0.27
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.579	A: 1595	VOYPC17	0.33	0.18	0.55	0.93
B: VOYHTmiR-104.579	B: 1595
A: VOYHTmiR-127.016	A: 1593	VOYPC18	0.21	0.15	0.16	0.21
B: VOYHTmiR-127.016	B: 1593
A: VOYHTmiR-104.579	A: 1595	VOYPC19	0.09	0.05	0.10	0.07
B: VOYHTmiR-127.016	B: 1593
A: VOYHTmiR-127.016	A: 1593	VOYPC20	0.07	0.04	0.09	0.09
B: VOYHTmiR-104.579	B: 1595

The constructs with the VOYHTmiR-127.016 and VOYHTmiR-104.579 modulatory polynucleotides in tandem in any order showed the lowest RLU for both transfection conditions.

B. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs (62.5 pM and 125 pM) in HeLa at 48 and 72 Hours

The relative expression of HTT mRNA 48 and 72 hours after transfection at 62.5 pM and 125 pM was determined by qRT-PCR for HeLa cells. The relative HTT mRNA expression was obtained by normalizing the HTT mRNA level to the housekeeping gene mRNA level as determined by qRT-PCR; this normalized HTT mRNA level was then expressed relative to the normalized HTT mRNA level in mCherry-treated cells. The results and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Table 56-57. In Table 57, two modulatory polynucleotides were tested in each vector and the modulatory polynucleotides were in tandem. In the table, the vector encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide.

TABLE 56
Knock-Down of HTT
		Relative HTT
		mRNA Level (%)
Modulatory	Modulatory	(normalized to Control)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	48 hours
Name	SEQ ID	62.5 pM	125 pM
VOYHTmiR-104.579	1595	73	91
VOYHTmiR-127.016	1593	52	51
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	43	23
VOYHTmiR-104.579	1595
Construct 2:	Construct 2:
VOYHTmiR-127.016	1593

TABLE 57
Knock-Down of HTT
			Relative HTT
			mRNA Level (%)
		Polycistronic	(normalized
	Modulatory	miRNA	to Control)
	polynu-	expression	62.5 pM
Modulatory Polynu-	cleotide	vector	48	72
cleotide Name	SEQ ID	SEQ ID	Hours	Hours
A: VOYHTmiR-104.579	A: 1595	VOYPC17	97	88
B: VOYHTmiR-104.579	B: 1595
A: VOYHTmiR-127.016	A: 1593	VOYPC18	36	39
B: VOYHTmiR-127.016	B: 1593
A: VOYHTmiR-104.579	A: 1595	VOYPC19	37	37
B: VOYHTmiR-127.016	B: 1593
A: VOYHTmiR-127.016	A: 1593	VOYPC20	49	51
B: VOYHTmiR-104.579	B: 1595

The constructs with the VOYHTmiR-127.016 and VOYHTmiR-104.579 modulatory polynucleotides in tandem in any order showed the lowest relative Htt mRNA levels for both time points.

Example 5. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs in HEK293T Cells

To determine relative activities for inhibiting the target gene, miRNA expression vectors encoding VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and/or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) singly or in various tandem combinations comprising two, three or four modulatory polynucleotides were constructed and either transfected into HEK293T cells as plasmids, or packaged in AAV2 and infected into HEK293T cells, and then target gene mRNA levels were measured.

A. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs with Up to 2 Modulatory Polynucleotides after Plasmid Transfection

HEK293T cells were plated into 96-well plates (2.5E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium) and co-transfected with miRNA expression plasmid (62.5 or 125 pM) and a dual-luciferase plasmid containing the firefly luciferase gene for normalization of transfection efficiency and the VOYHTmiR-104.016 and VOYHTmiR-127.579 target regions of the huntingtin (HTT) gene cloned downstream of the stop codon for the Renilla luciferase gene. At 24 or 36 hours after transfection, the relative activities of the polycistronic constructs for inhibiting the HTT target mRNA were determined by measuring the Renilla and firefly luciferase activities with the Dual-Glo™ Luciferase Assay System, and normalizing the Renilla luciferase activity to the internal control firefly luciferase activity. These normalized Renilla luciferase activities (RLU, relative light units) were then expressed relative to normalized Renilla luciferase activity (average set to 1) in HEK293T cells transfected with control plasmid (pcDNA) at the same concentration.

The relative RLU (mean±standard deviation) for the various constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Table 58 for 24 and 36 hours after transfection. Two constructs, each encoding a single modulatory polynucleotide—either VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)—served as references for four constructs that each encoded two modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and/or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) in tandem, where each polynucleotide is driven by its own H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator. In Table 58, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide. N/A means not applicable.

TABLE 58
Polycistronic Activity After Transfection of HEK293T Cells
Modulatory	Modulatory		Relative RLU at	Relative RLU at
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	24 Hours	36 Hours
Name	SEQ ID	Name	62.5 pM	125 pM	62.5 pM	125 pM
Construct 1:	1589 (ITR to	N/A	0.15 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00
VOYHTmiR-104.016	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
Construct 2:	1599 (ITR to	N/A	0.15 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00
VOYHTmiR-127.579	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
Construct 1:	Construct 1: 1589	N/A	0.11 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00
VOYHTmiR-104.016	Construct 2: 1599
Construct 2:
VOYHTmiR-127.579
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC59	0.08 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC61	0.08 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC60	0.09 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC62	0.15 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

These results demonstrate that sequences VOYPC59, VOYPC60 and VOYPC61, each containing two modulatory polynucleotides in tandem (either two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589), or a combination of one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)), provide more target lowering than the constructs containing a single modulatory polynucleotide (either VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)).

B. Activity of Polycistronic Constructs with Up to 4 Modulatory Polynucleotides after Infection with AAV

HEK293T cells were plated into 96-well plates (2.5E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium), and infected with miRNA expression vectors packaged in AAV2 at an MOI of 1×10³ vector genomes per cell, as well as transfected with a dual-luciferase plasmid containing the firefly luciferase gene for normalization of transfection efficiency and the VOYHTmiR-104.016 and VOYHTmiR-127.579 target regions of the HTT gene cloned downstream of the stop codon for the Renilla luciferase gene. At 48 hours after infection, the relative activities of the constructs for inhibiting the HTT target mRNA were determined by measuring the Renilla and firefly luciferase activities with the Dual-Glo™ Luciferase Assay System, and normalizing the Renilla luciferase activity to the internal control firefly luciferase activity. These normalized Renilla luciferase activities (RLU, relative light units) were then expressed relative to normalized Renilla luciferase activity (average set to 1) in HEK293T cells infected with control vector (AAV2.mCherry) at the same MOI, or uninfected HEK293T cells.

The relative RLU (mean±standard deviation) for the various constructs and the description of the constructs tested are shown in Table 59. Two AAV vectors, each encoding a single modulatory polynucleotide—either VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)—served as references for sixteen AAV vectors that contained two, three or four modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and/or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) in tandem, where each polynucleotide is driven by its own Pol III H1 promoter and followed by its own H1 terminator. In Table 59, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide, which in turn is before the C modulatory polynucleotide, which in turn is before the D modulatory polynucleotide. N/A means not applicable.

TABLE 59
Polycistronic Activity After AAV Infection of HEK293T Cells
Modulatory	Modulatory		RLU
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	(Relative to
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Uninfected)
mCherry	N/A	N/A	0.99 ± 0.02
Uninfected	N/A	N/A	1.00 ± 0.03
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR	N/A	0.25 ± 0.01
	to ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC59	0.25 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC33	0.21 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC47	0.19 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
D: VOYHTmiR-104.016	D: 1589
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR	N/A	0.48 ± 0.01
	to ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC62	0.42 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC31	0.34 ± 0.03
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC43	0.32 ± 0.02
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
D: VOYHTmiR-127.579	D: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC60	0.27 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC61	0.24 ± 0.03
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC29	0.28 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC34	0.20 ± 0.00
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC30	0.26 ± 0.03
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC32	0.23 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC44	0.17 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
D: VOYHTmiR-104.016	D: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC48	0.20 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
D: VOYHTmiR-127.579	D: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC46	0.19 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
C: VOYHTmiR-127.579	C: 1599
D: VOYHTmiR-104.016	D: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC45	0.21 ± 0.01
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
C: VOYHTmiR-104.016	C: 1589
D: VOYHTmiR-127.579	D: 1599

The results show that sequence VOYPC47 which contains 4 identical modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589)) in tandem provides more target lowering than VOYPC33 which contains 3 of the same modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589)) in tandem. These results also show that VOYPC33 which contains 3 identical modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589)) in tandem provides more target lowering than VOYPC59 which contains 2 of the same modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589)) in tandem.

The results show that sequence VOYPC43 which contains 4 identical modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) in tandem provides more target lowering than VOYPC31 which contains 3 of the same modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) in tandem. These results also show that VOYPC31 which contains 3 identical modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) in tandem provides more target lowering than VOYPC62 which contains 2 of the same modulatory polynucleotides (VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599)) in tandem.

Taken together, these results with VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and with VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) demonstrate that 4 identical modulatory polynucleotides in tandem provides more inhibitor activity (target lowering) than 3 of the same modulatory polynucleotides in tandem, which in turn provides more inhibitor activity (target lowering) than 2 of the same modulatory polynucleotides in tandem.

The results show that sequence VOYPC34, which contains two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) provides more inhibitory activity (target lowering) than VOYPC30. Both sequences contain two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599), but the order of these modulatory polynucleotides is different; VOYPC34 contains two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) whereas VOYPC30 contains one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589).

The results show that of the sequences containing four modulatory polynucleotides comprising two different modulatory polynucleotides, sequence VOYPC44 provides more inhibitory activity (target lowering) than VOYPC48, VOYPC46 or VOYPC45.

Example 6. Pri-miRNA Processing of Polycistronic Constructs in HEK293T Cells

To determine precision and efficiency of pri-miRNA processing, miRNA expression vectors encoding VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) and/or VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) singly or in various tandem combinations comprising two modulatory polynucleotides were constructed, packaged in AAV2 with one CMV promoter, or two H1 promoters, and infected into HEK293T cells, and then precision and efficiency of pri-miRNA processing was assessed by deep sequencing.

HEK293T cells were plated into 6-well plates (2E6 cells/plate in 2 mL cell culture medium), and infected with miRNA expression vectors packaged in AAV2 at an MOI of 1×10⁴ vector genomes per cell, in duplicate (Rep1, Rep2); see Tables 60-65. At 48 hours after infection, the cell cultures were evaluated for pri-miRNA processing by deep sequencing to assess abundance of guide strand relative to the total endogenous pool of miRNAs (Tables 60-61), guide:passenger strand ratio (Tables 62-63), and precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand (Tables 64-65). In Tables 60-65, the construct encodes the A modulatory polynucleotide before the B modulatory polynucleotide. N/A means not applicable.

With the CMV promoter (Table 60), guide strand abundance of VOYHTmiR-104.016 was affected by the presence of a second modulatory polynucleotide in the AAV genome. Guide strand abundance was lower with an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC13, 0.26 and 0.27% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool) than with an AAV genome containing a single copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (0.49 and 0.43% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool). However, guide strand abundance for VOYHTmiR-104.016 was higher with an AAV genome containing a second different modulatory polynucleotide VOYHTmiR-127.579. Guide strand abundance for VOYPC14 was 1.69 and 1.52% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool, and guide strand abundance for VOYPC15 was 2.17 and 2.11% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool, in contrast to guide strand abundance with a single modulatory polynucleotide (VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) which was 0.49 and 0.43% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool. Sequences utilizing CMV promoters were configured with the modulatory polynucleotides in tandem 3′ to a CMV promoter, such that transcription of the modulatory polynucleotides was under the control of a single CMV promoter. Results obtained using the CMV promoter are shown in Table 60.

TABLE 60
Pri-miRNA Processing in HEK293T Cultures after AAV
Infection (CMV Promoter) - Guide Strand Abundance
			Guide Strand Abundance Relative to
Modulatory	Modulatory		Endogenous miRNA Pool (%)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	127.579	104.016
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Rep1	Rep2	Rep1	Rep2
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR to	N/A	1.92	0.85	N/A	N/A
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2692)
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.49	0.43
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2693)
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	N/A	0.98	0.72	0.24	0.23
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to
Construct 2:	ITR sequence:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	SEQ ID NO: 2693)
	Construct 2:
	1599 (ITR to
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2692)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	N/A	N/A	0.26	0.27
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	0.26	0.24	1.69	1.52
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	0.31	0.28	2.17	2.11
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	0.93	0.72	N/A	N/A
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

Sequences utilizing the Pol III promoter H1 were configured with each modulatory polynucleotide under control by its own H1 promoter. As shown in Table 61, with the H1 promoter, guide strand abundance was propoortional to the number of corresponding modulatory polynucleotides in the AAV genome. Guide strand abundance of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) was 1.77-fold higher with an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (VOYPC59, 3.81 and 3.84% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool) than with an AAV genome containing a single copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (2.19 and 2.13% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool). Guide strand abundance of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) was similar with an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 whether or not a copy of a different modulatory polynucleotide VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) was present in the AAV genome. The guide strand abundance relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool of VOYHTmiR-104.016 was 2.19 and 2.13%, 2.61 and 2.52%, and 2.21 and 2.3% with an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC60), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC61), respectively.

Similarly, with the H1 promoter (Table 61), for another modulatory polynucleotide, guide strand abundance of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) was 2.67-fold higher with an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (VOYPC62, 2.05 and 1.74% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool) than with an AAV genome containing a single copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (0.75 and 0.67% relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool). Guide strand abundance of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) was similar with an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 whether or not a copy of a different modulatory polynucleotide VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) was present in the AAV genome. The guide strand abundance of VOYHTmiR-127.579 relative to the total endogenous miRNA pool was 0.75 and 0.67%, 1.0 and 1.05%, and 0.97 and 0.99% with an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC60), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC61), respectively.

TABLE 61
Pri-miRNA Processing in HEK293T Cultures after AAV
Infection (H1 Promoter) - Guide Strand Abundance
			Guide Strand Abundance
			Relative to Endogenous
Modulatory	Modulatory		miRNA Pool (%)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	127.579	104.016
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Rep1	Rep2	Rep1	Rep2
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR to	N/A	0.75	0.67	N/A	N/A
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to	N/A	N/A	N/A	2.19	2.13
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	N/A	0.32	0.29	1.54	1.56
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to
Construct 2:	ITR sequence:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
	Construct 2:
	1599 (ITR to
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC59	N/A	N/A	3.81	3.84
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC61	0.97	0.99	2.21	2.3
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC60	1	1.05	2.61	2.52
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC62	2.05	1.74	N/A	N/A
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

With the CMV promoter (Table 62), the guide/passenger strand ratio for VOYHTmiR-104.016 was 114.2 and 121.6, and 99.2 and 105.8 for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC15), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC14), respectively, versus 71.1 and 83 for an AAV genome containing a single copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 only.

TABLE 62
Pri-miRNA Processing in HEK293T Cultures after AAV
Infection (CMV Promoter) - Guide/Passenger Ratio
Modulatory	Modulatory		Guide/Passenger Ratio
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	127.579	104.016
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Rep1	Rep2	Rep1	Rep2
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR to	N/A	16.6	4.6	N/A	N/A
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2692)
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to	N/A	N/A	N/A	71.1	83
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2693)
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	N/A	9.4	6	45.2	66.9
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to
Construct 2:	ITR sequence:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	SEQ ID NO: 2693
	Construct 2:
	1599 (ITR to
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2692)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	N/A	N/A	45.8	126.3
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	6.8	6.7	99.2	105.8
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	6.7	6.7	114.2	121.6
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	7.8	6.6	N/A	N/A
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

When utilizing the Pol III H1 promoter (Table 63), the guide/passenger ratio of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) was unaffected by the presence of a second modulatory polynucleotide in the AAV genome. Guide/passenger ratios for VOYHTmiR-104.016 were 16.9 and 20.2, 14.3 and 18.6, 16.3 and 16.3, and 17.7 and 17.8 for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589), an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC59), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC60), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC61), respectively.

Similarly, with a Pol III H1 promoter (Table 63), the guide/passenger ratio of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) was unaffected by the presence of a second modulatory polynucleotide in the AAV genome. Guide/passenger ratios for VOYHTmiR-127.579 were 6.4 and 5.9, 5.7 and 6.4, 5.6 and 6.2, and 6.2 and 5.8 for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599), an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC62), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC60), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC61), respectively.

These results demonstrate that with the Pol III H1 promoter (Table 63), the guide/passenger ratio was the same whether a second modulatory polynucleotide was present or not.

TABLE 63
Pri-miRNA Processing in HEK293T Cultures after AAV
Infection (H1 Promoter) - Guide/Passenger Ratio
Modulatory	Modulatory		Guide/Passenger Ratio
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	127.579	104.016
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Rep1	Rep2	Rep1	Rep2
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR to	N/A	6.4	5.9	N/A	N/A
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to	N/A	N/A	N/A	16.9	20.2
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2691
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	N/A	6.3	6	17.6	19.5
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to
Construct 2:	ITR sequence:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
	Construct 2:
	1599 (ITR to
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC59	N/A	N/A	14.3	18.6
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC61	6.2	5.8	17.7	17.8
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC60	5.6	6.2	16.3	16.3
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC62	5.7	6.4	N/A	N/A
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

With the CMV promoter (Table 64), the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand was the same whether or not a second modulatory polynucleotide was present in the AAV genome. With the CMV promoter, the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand for VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) was 95.5 and 95%, 94.9 and 95.4%, 95.7 and 95.7%, and 95.6 and 95.3% for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589), an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC13), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC15), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC14), respectively. With the CMV promoter, the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand for VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) was 59 and 59.8%, 60.1 and 60.8%, 59.9 and 61.5%, and 61 and 61.2% for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC16), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC15), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC14), respectively.

TABLE 64
Pri-miRNA Processing in HEK293T Cultures after AAV Infection
(CMV Promoter) - Precision of Guide Strand 5′-Processing
Modulatory	Modulatory		% N (Guide)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	127.579	104.016
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Rep1	Rep2	Rep1	Rep2
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR to	N/A	59	59.8	N/A	N/A
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2692)
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to	N/A	N/A	N/A	95.5	95
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2693)
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	N/A	58.9	60	95.3	94.6
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to
Construct 2:	ITR sequence:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	SEQ ID NO: 2693)
	Construct 2:
	1599 (ITR to
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2692)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC13	N/A	N/A	94.9	95.4
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC14	61	61.2	95.6	95.3
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC15	59.9	61.5	95.7	95.7
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC16	60.1	60.8	N/A	N/A
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

With the H1 promoter (Table 65), the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand was the same whether or not a second modulatory polynucleotide was present in the AAV genome. With the H1 promoter, the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand for VOYHTmiR-104.016 was 92.6 and 92.6%, 92.6 and 92.1%, 92.1 and 91.8%, and 93 and 92.9% for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589), an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC59), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC60), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC61), respectively. With the H1 promoter, the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand for VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) was 59.5 and 59.6%, 58.5 and 59.3%, 59 and 59.8%, and 58.5 and 58.7% for an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) an AAV genome containing two copies of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC62), an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) (VOYPC60), and an AAV genome containing one copy of VOYHTmiR-127.579 (SEQ ID NO: 1599) followed by one copy of VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1589) (VOYPC61), respectively.

These results demonstrate that with the CMV (Table 64) or H1 (Table 65) promoter, the precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand was the same whether a second modulatory polynucleotide was present or not.

TABLE 65
Pri-miRNA Processing in HEK293T Cultures after AAV Infection
(H1 Promoter) - Precision of Guide Strand 5′-Processing
Modulatory	Modulatory		% N (Guide)
Polynucleotide	polynucleotide	Sequence	127.579	104.016
Name	SEQ ID	Name	Rep1	Rep2	Rep1	Rep2
VOYHTmiR-127.579	1599 (ITR to	N/A	59.5	59.6	N/A	N/A
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to	N/A	N/A	N/A	92.6	92.6
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
Construct 1:	Construct 1:	N/A	59.5	60	92.6	92.4
VOYHTmiR-104.016	1589 (ITR to
Construct 2:	ITR sequence:
VOYHTmiR-127.579	SEQ ID NO: 2691)
	Construct 2:
	1599 (ITR to
	ITR sequence:
	SEQ ID NO: 2690)
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC59	N/A	N/A	92.6	92.1
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC61	58.5	58.7	93	92.9
B: VOYHTmiR-104.016	B: 1589
A: VOYHTmiR-104.016	A: 1589	VOYPC60	59	59.8	92.1	91.8
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599
A: VOYHTmiR-127.579	A: 1599	VOYPC62	58.5	59.3	N/A	N/A
B: VOYHTmiR-127.579	B: 1599

While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention.

All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, section headings, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

Claims

1. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) viral genome comprising a nucleic acid sequence positioned between two inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), wherein said nucleic acid sequence when expressed inhibits or suppresses the expression of a target gene in a cell, wherein said nucleic acid sequence comprises, in a 5′ to 3′ order: (i) (a) a first 5′ flanking region, a first encoded sense strand sequence, a first loop region, a first encoded antisense strand sequence, and a first 3′ flanking region; or (b) a first 5′ flanking region, a first encoded antisense strand sequence, a first loop region, a first encoded sense strand sequence, and a first 3′ flanking region, and(ii) (a) a second 5′ flanking region, a second encoded sense strand, a second loop region, and a second encoded antisense strand sequence; or (b) a second 5′ flanking region, a second encoded antisense strand sequence, a second loop region, a second encoded sense strand sequence, and a second 3′ flanking region;wherein:at least one of the first or second 5′ flanking region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1503-1509, 1692, or 1782;at least one of the first or second loop region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1510-1517, or 1693-1694; and/orat least one of the first or second 3′ flanking region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1518-1522, 1695, or 1783.

2.-112. (canceled)

113. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein: (i) the first encoded antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA of a first target gene; and(ii) the second encoded antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA of a second target gene.

114. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence further comprises one or both of: (i) (a) a third 5′ flanking region, a third encoded sense strand sequence, a third loop region, and a third encoded antisense strand sequence, and a third 3′ flanking region, or (b) a third 5′ flanking region, a third encoded antisense strand sequence, a third loop region, a third encoded sense strand sequence, and a third 3′ flanking region;wherein the third encoded antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA of a third target gene; and/or(ii) (a) a fourth 5′ flanking region, a fourth encoded sense strand sequence, a fourth loop region, a fourth antisense strand sequence, and a fourth 3′ flanking sequence, or (b) a fourth 5′ flanking region, a fourth encoded antisense strand sequence, a fourth loop region, a fourth encoded sense strand sequence, and a fourth 3′ flanking sequence;wherein the fourth encoded antisense strand sequence is complementary to an mRNA of a fourth target gene.

115. The AAV viral genome of claim 114, wherein: (i) at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth 5′ flanking regions comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1503-1505, 1507, or 1509;(ii) at least one of the first, second, third and fourth loop regions comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1510-1513, or 1517; and/or(iii) wherein at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth 3′ flanking regions comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1518-1522.

116. The AAV viral genome of claim 114, wherein: (i) the first target gene is the same as the second target gene; and/or(ii) the third target gene is the same the first target gene and the second target gene.

117. The AAV viral genome of claim 114, wherein: (i) the first target gene is not the same as the second target gene; and/or(ii) the third target gene is the same as the first target gene or is the same as the second target gene.

118. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the target gene is a huntingtin (HTT) gene or a SOD1 gene.

119. The AAV viral genome of claim 114, wherein: (i) each sense strand sequence and antisense strand sequence is, independently, 19 to 24 nucleotides in length, 19 to 21 nucleotides in length, 19 nucleotides in length, 20 nucleotides in length, 21 nucleotides in length, or 22 nucleotides in length;(ii) one or both of the first encoded sense strand sequence and the first encoded antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide or at least 2 nucleotides;(iii) one or both of the second encoded sense strand sequence and the second encoded antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide or at least 2 nucleotides;(iv) one or both of the third encoded sense strand sequence and the third encoded antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide or at least 2 nucleotides; and/or(v) one or both of the fourth encoded sense strand sequence and the fourth encoded antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide or at least 2 nucleotides.

120. The AAV viral genome of claim 114, which further comprises: (i) a first promoter, which is present 5′ to the first 5′ flanking region;(ii) a second promoter, which is present 5′ to the second 5′ flanking region;(iii) a third promoter, which is present 5′ to the third 5′ flanking region; and/or(iv) a fourth promoter, which is present 5′ to the fourth 5′ flanking region.

121. The AAV viral genome of claim 120, wherein one, two, three, or all of the first, second, third, and fourth promoter is: (a) a ubiquitous promoter or a cell-type specific promoter;(b) a CBA promoter, a CMV promoter, a PGK promoter, an H1 promoter, a T7 promoter, a UBC promoter, a GUSB promoter, an NSE promoter, a synapsin promoter, a MeCP2 promoter, or a GFAP promoter.

122. A recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, and an AAV capsid protein.

123. The recombinant AAV of claim 122, wherein the AAV capsid protein is an AAV9 capsid protein or a variant thereof or an AAV5 capsid protein or a variant thereof.

124. A cell comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell, an HEK293 cell, an insect cell, an Sf9 cell, a cell of the central nervous system, a neuron, a medium spiny neuron, a motor neuron, or an astrocyte.

125. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant AAV of claim 122, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

126. A method of treating a disease of the central nervous system in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the recombinant AAV of claim 122, thereby treating the disease of the central nervous system in the subject.

127. The method of claim 126, wherein the disease of the central nervous system is Huntington's Disease (HD) or ALS.

128. The method of claim 126, wherein the recombinant AAV is administered intravenously, via intracisternal injection, intravascularly, intraventricularly, or via a combination thereof.

129. A method of inhibiting the expression of a target gene in a cell, comprising administering to the cell an effective amount of the recombinant AAV of claim 122, thereby inhibiting expression of the target gene in the cell, optionally wherein: (i) the target gene is expressed in a neurologic cell, tissue, or organ; and/or(ii) the cell is a medium spiny neuron, a cortical neuron, a motor neuron, or an astrocyte.

130. The method of claim 129, wherein the cell is in a subject, and the subject has a disease of the central nervous system.

131. A method of producing a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) comprising providing a cell with a polynucleotide comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, at least one polynucleotide encoding AAV rep genes, and at least one polynucleotide encoding AAV cap genes; and harvesting the rAAV from the cell, optionally wherein the cell is a bacterial cell, a mammalian cell, or an insect cell.