This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-048153, filed on Mar. 24, 2023; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments described herein relate generally to a semiconductor device.
Examples of a semiconductor device manufactured by using a lead frame include a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and a fast recovery diode (FRD). Processes of manufacturing these semiconductor devices include a process of mounting a semiconductor chip on the lead frame.
In this mounting process, there is a problem that a position and an angle of the semiconductor chip are deviated. Conventionally, this problem has been coped with by suppressing deviation or allowing deviation. However, in the case of suppressing the deviation, there are problems such as an increase in process difficulty due to an addition of a position adjustment process and an increase in cost due to the necessity of a separate jig. On the other hand, when the deviation is allowed, an area occupancy of the semiconductor chip with respect to the lead frame decreases, and downsizing of the semiconductor device is hindered.
A semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes a lead frame and a semiconductor chip. The lead frame includes a frame main surface and a frame convex portion provided on the frame main surface. The semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor layer and an electrode provided on a bottom surface of the semiconductor layer and bonded to the frame convex portion. The electrode of the semiconductor chip has a protrusion surrounding the frame convex portion, and an outer side surface of the protrusion is flush with a side surface of the semiconductor layer.
Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments do not limit the present invention. The drawings are schematic or conceptual, and a ratio of each portion and the like are not necessarily the same as actual ones. In the specification and the drawings, the same elements as those described above with respect to the previously described drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description thereof is appropriately omitted.
In addition, for example, terms such as “parallel” and “the same” that specify shapes and geometric conditions and degrees thereof, which are used in the present specification, are interpreted including a range in which similar functions can be expected without being bound by a strict meaning.
A semiconductor device 1 according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
The lead frame 10 includes a frame main surface 11 and a frame convex portion 12 provided on the frame main surface 11. The frame convex portion 12 is a region (mounting region) on the frame main surface 11 where the semiconductor chip 20 is mounted. As illustrated in
As illustrated in
In the present embodiment, the semiconductor chip 20 is an IGBT. Note that a type of the semiconductor chip 20 is not particularly limited, and for example, the semiconductor chip 20 may be a MOSFET, an FRD, or the like.
The semiconductor layer 21 includes a p-type semiconductor region and an n-type semiconductor region formed according to the type of the semiconductor chip 20. The semiconductor layer 21 is a semiconductor layer made of a semiconductor containing any of silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), and gallium nitride (GaN), for example. In a case where silicon is used as the material of the semiconductor layer 21, for example, arsenic, phosphorus, or antimony is used as an n-type impurity, and for example, boron is used as a p-type impurity. Note that the semiconductor layer 21 may be an epitaxial layer, may be a semiconductor substrate obtained by dividing a wafer, or may include an epitaxial layer and a semiconductor substrate.
In the present embodiment, the electrode 22 is a collector electrode of the IGBT. In this case, a surface of the semiconductor layer 21 in contact with the electrode 22 is a p-type semiconductor region.
The bonding material 30 bonds the semiconductor chip 20 to the lead frame 10. More specifically, the electrode 22 of the semiconductor chip 20 is bonded to the frame convex portion 12 of the lead frame 10. As the bonding material 30, various materials such as solder and conductive paste can be applied. In
Next, details of the electrode 22 will be described. As illustrated in
In the present embodiment, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
The internal configuration of the electrode 22 will be described. As illustrated in
The metal layer 25 forms a bottom surface of the semiconductor chip 20 and is made of a metal harder (that is, the Young's modulus is large) than the metal layer 26. The material of the metal layer 25 includes, for example, nickel, copper, or both of them. In the present embodiment, the material of the metal layer 25 is mainly nickel. A surface treatment layer made of gold (Au) or the like may be further provided on the metal layer 25.
The metal layer 26 is made of a material different from that of the metal layer 25, and is made of a metal softer (that is, the Young's modulus is small) than the metal layer 25. The material of the metal layer 26 includes, for example, aluminum, silver, or both of them. In the present embodiment, the material of the metal layer 26 is mainly aluminum.
As illustrated in
As will be described in detail later, by providing the hard and thin metal layer 25 on the soft and thick metal layer 26 in this manner, it is possible to form a strong burr-shaped protrusion 24 at the time of dicing.
Here, a semiconductor chip according to a comparative example will be described with reference to
Next, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to
First, as illustrated in (1) of
Next, as illustrated in (1) of
Next, as illustrated in (3) of
Through the above process, the semiconductor device 1 can be manufactured. As described above, according to the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment, the semiconductor device 1 including the lead frame 10 having the frame convex portion 12 and the semiconductor chip 20 having the protrusion 24 surrounding the frame convex portion 12 can be easily manufactured. That is, it is possible to manufacture the semiconductor device 1 easily and at low cost by avoiding an increase in process difficulty due to the addition of a position adjustment process and an increase in cost due to the necessity of a separate jig.
Note that the semiconductor chip 20 is manufactured as follows, for example.
First, a semiconductor wafer (not illustrated) including the semiconductor layer 21 and an electrode layer provided at a bottom of the semiconductor layer 21 is prepared. The electrode layer includes, in order from an electrode main surface side (outer side), a hard metal layer that becomes the metal layer 25 of the electrode 22 after dicing, and a soft metal layer that becomes the metal layer 26 of the electrode 22 after dicing.
Next, the semiconductor wafer is diced by applying a dicing blade from the side opposite to the electrode layer, thereby forming the semiconductor chip 20. During dicing, in the electrode layer, the soft metal layer largely stretches, while the hard metal layer hardly stretches. Therefore, the hard metal layer is deformed downward while maintaining the thickness, and the soft metal layer is deformed so as to fill a gap generated by the deformation. As a result, as illustrated in
In the above description, the frame convex portion 12 is formed by pressing the lead frame member 60 from the back surface 14 of the lead frame member 60. Without being limited to this, the frame convex portion 12 may be formed by pressing the lead frame member 60 from the frame main surface 11 of the lead frame member 60. In addition, the frame convex portion 12 may be formed by fixing a member that becomes the frame convex portion 12 to the lead frame member 60 without being limited to the press working.
As described above, according to the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment, the frame convex portion 12 is provided on the lead frame 10, the electrode 22 of the semiconductor chip 20 is bonded to the frame convex portion 12, and the electrode 22 has the protrusion 24 surrounding the frame convex portion 12. That is, the concave portion C defined by the electrode main surface 23 and the protrusion 24 is fitted to the frame convex portion 12. As a result, a self-alignment effect can be obtained when the semiconductor chip 20 is mounted, so that the semiconductor chip 20 is appropriately mounted on the frame convex portion 12.
Here, an area occupancy of the semiconductor chip with respect to the lead frame will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
As described above, when the semiconductor chip 200 having no strong protrusion is mounted on the lead frame 100 having no convex portion, a mounting region MR needs to be designed to be larger than the semiconductor chip 200 in plan view. Therefore, it is difficult to downsize the semiconductor device.
On the other hand, in the semiconductor device 1 according to the present embodiment, since the deviation is suppressed by the self-alignment effect, the mounting region in the lead frame 10 may be about the same as the size of the semiconductor chip 20. Therefore, the area occupancy of the semiconductor chip 20 with respect to the lead frame 10 can be improved, and the semiconductor device 1 can be downsized.
In addition, since the deviation is suppressed by the self-alignment effect, the semiconductor device 1 can be manufactured easily and at low cost without requiring a position adjustment process or a separate or dedicated jig in the mounting process of the semiconductor chip 20.
In addition, since a dedicated jig is not required, the semiconductor chips 20 having different sizes can be easily manufactured.
Note that, for example, when the semiconductor device 1 is a vertical Nch MOSFET, or when the semiconductor device 1 is an FRD and the electrode 22 is a cathode electrode of the FRD, a surface of the semiconductor layer 21 in contact with the electrode 22 is an n-type semiconductor region. In this case, a third metal layer that forms an ohmic junction between the n-type semiconductor region and the electrode 22 may be provided between the metal layer 26 and the semiconductor layer 21. The material of the third metal layer is, for example, titanium. Although titanium has a Young's modulus larger than that of aluminum, which is an example of the metal layer 26, when the thickness is sufficiently smaller than that of the metal layer 26, it is possible to form the strong protrusion 24 at the time of dicing. As described above, by providing the third metal layer, even when the electrode 22 is in contact with the n-type semiconductor region, the protrusion 24 can be formed without impairing the electrical characteristic.
In addition, the surface of the semiconductor layer 21 in contact with the electrode 22 may be flat. That is, the semiconductor layer 21 itself may not have the protrusion surrounding the frame convex portion 12. This makes it possible to suppress the influence on the characteristic of the semiconductor. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the metal layers 25 and 26 can be made uniform, and the uniform protrusion 24 surrounding the electrode main surface 23 can be formed. Therefore, when the semiconductor chip 20 is mounted, the semiconductor chip 20 can be prevented from rotating about an axis parallel to the frame main surface 11. Note that, in order to improve adhesion between the semiconductor layer 21 and the electrode 22, a case where the surface of the semiconductor layer 21 in contact with the electrode 22 is roughened within a range where the influence on the characteristic of the semiconductor is small is also included in the case where the surface of the semiconductor layer 21 in contact with the electrode 22 is flat.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
A first modification of the first embodiment will be described with reference to
One of differences between the present modification and the first embodiment is the shape of the frame convex portion. Hereinafter, the present modification will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment, and description of similar parts will be omitted.
As illustrated in
By providing the plurality of small convex portions 12a in this manner, the semiconductor chips 20 having different sizes can be bonded to the lead frame 10A. The semiconductor chip 20 having a small size may be bonded to the lead frame 10A such that the protrusion 24 is positioned in a gap between the small convex portions 12a. Therefore, according to the present modification, one type of lead frame 10A can be used for a plurality of types of semiconductor chips 20.
In addition, the bonding material 30 easily penetrates into the gap between the small convex portions 12a at the time of bonding, and the bonding material 30 has a larger surface area than that of the first embodiment after bonding, so that the bonding strength between the lead frame 10A and the semiconductor chip 20 can be improved.
The plurality of small convex portions 12a may be formed by pressing from the frame main surface 11 side of the lead frame 10A by using a pressing machine having a die corresponding to the plurality of small convex portions 12a.
In addition, the number of small convex portions 12a and the size and arrangement form of each small convex portion 12a are not limited to those illustrated in
A second modification of the first embodiment will be described with reference to
One of differences between the present modification and the first embodiment is the shape of the frame convex portion. Hereinafter, the present modification will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment, and description of similar parts will be omitted.
As illustrated in
The frame convex portion 12B may be formed by pressing from the frame main surface 11 side of the lead frame 10B by using a pressing machine having a die corresponding to the frame convex portion 12B.
The frame convex portion 12B may have a truncated quadrangular pyramid shape with a flat upper surface.
A semiconductor device according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
The semiconductor chip 40 has the same configuration as that of the semiconductor chip 20 except that the semiconductor chip 40 has a thickness different from that of the semiconductor chip 20. That is, the semiconductor chip 40 includes a semiconductor layer 41 and an electrode 42 provided on a bottom surface of the semiconductor layer 41. The electrode 42 has an electrode main surface 43 on a side opposite to a surface in contact with the semiconductor layer 41, and a protrusion 44 provided so as to surround the electrode main surface 43. An outer side surface of the protrusion 44 is flush with a side surface of the semiconductor layer 41. In the semiconductor device in which the electrode 42 of the semiconductor chip 40 is bonded to the frame convex portion 13 of the lead frame 10C, the protrusion 44 surrounds the frame convex portion 13. That is, the electrode main surface 43 faces a top surface 13b of the frame convex portion 13, and the protrusion 44 surrounds the frame convex portion 13 when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the top surface 13b faces. The semiconductor chip 40 is positioned by the frame convex portion 13 and a concave portion defined by the electrode main surface 43 and the protrusion 44.
The frame convex portion 13 is different in a height from the frame convex portion 12. More specifically, the heights of the frame convex portions 12 and 13 are heights in which the height of the upper surface of the semiconductor chip 20 and the height of the upper surface of the semiconductor chip 40 become the same height H after the semiconductor chips 20 and 40 are bonded. Therefore, as illustrated in
As described above, according to the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment, it is possible to provide the semiconductor device in which the heights of the upper surfaces of the semiconductor chips 20 and 40 are uniform by a simple configuration in which the frame convex portions 12 and 13 having different heights are provided when the plurality of semiconductor chips 20 and 40 having different thicknesses are mounted on one lead frame 10C. Therefore, for example, wire bonding for electrically coupling the semiconductor chip 20 and the semiconductor chip 40 with wire can be stabilized.
Note that the semiconductor chip 40 may have the same thickness as the semiconductor chip 20. In this case, the frame convex portion 13 may have the same height as the frame convex portion 12.
While certain embodiments n described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2023-048153 | Mar 2023 | JP | national |