Patent Grant
11152297
Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0155625, filed on Nov. 28, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “Semiconductor Device,” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Embodiments relate to a semiconductor device.
Semiconductor devices may include integrated circuits including metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). As sizes and design rules of semiconductor devices have been reduced, MOSFETs have been scaled down.
The embodiments may be realized by providing a semiconductor device including an interlayer insulating layer on a substrate; a conductive line on the interlayer insulating layer; and a contact plug penetrating the interlayer insulating layer, the contact plug being connected to the conductive line, wherein the contact plug includes an upper pattern penetrating an upper region of the interlayer insulating layer, the upper pattern protruding upwardly from a top surface of the interlayer insulating layer, the upper pattern includes a first portion penetrating the upper region of the interlayer insulating layer; and a second portion protruding upwardly from the top surface of the interlayer insulating layer, and a width of a lower region of the second portion in a direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate is greater than a width of an upper region of the second portion in the direction parallel to the top surface of the substrate.
The embodiments may be realized by providing a semiconductor device including a gate structure on a substrate; a lower contact plug at a side of the gate structure and connected to the substrate; a lower interlayer insulating layer covering the gate structure and the lower contact plug; an upper interlayer insulating layer on the lower interlayer insulating layer; and a contact plug penetrating the upper interlayer insulating layer so as to be connected to the lower contact plug, wherein the contact plug includes an upper pattern penetrating an upper region of the upper interlayer insulating layer, the upper pattern protruding upwardly from a top surface of the upper interlayer insulating layer.
The embodiments may be realized by providing a semiconductor device an interlayer insulating layer on a substrate; a conductive line on the interlayer insulating layer; and a contact plug penetrating the interlayer insulating layer, the contact plug being connected to the conductive line, wherein the contact plug includes a protrusion protruding upwardly from a top surface of the interlayer insulating layer, the protrusion covers a portion of the top surface of the interlayer insulating layer, and a width of a lower region of the protrusion in a direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate is greater than a width of an upper region of the protrusion in the direction parallel to the top surface of the substrate.
Features will be apparent to those of skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which:
Referring to
A conductive line 280 may be on the interlayer insulating layer 200. A contact plug 250 may penetrate the interlayer insulating layer 200 and may be connected to the conductive line 280. In an implementation, the conductive line 280 may extend (e.g., lengthwise) in a first direction D1 parallel to a top surface 100U of the substrate 100.
The contact plug 250 may include a lower pattern 210 (penetrating a lower portion or region of the interlayer insulating layer 200) and an upper pattern 230 (penetrating an upper portion or region of the interlayer insulating layer 200). The upper pattern 230 may protrude upwardly from, above, or higher than a top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200. In an implementation, the upper pattern 230 may protrude from or higher than (e.g., as measured from the top surface 100U of the substrate 100) the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 in a second direction D2 perpendicular to the top surface 100U of the substrate 100. In an implementation, the upper pattern 230 may include a first portion P1 penetrating or in the upper region of the interlayer insulating layer 200, and a second portion P2 protruding upwardly (e.g., in the second direction D2) from the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 (e.g., such that the first portion P1 is between the second portion P2 and the substrate 100 in the second direction D2). The second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may extend (e.g., laterally in the first direction D1) onto the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 to cover or overlie a portion of the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 (e.g., such that a portion of the interlayer insulating layer 200 is between the overlying part of the second portion P2 and the substrate 100 in the second direction D2). The second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may be referred to as a protrusion of the contact plug 250.
The upper pattern 230 may have a width in one direction parallel to the top surface 100U of the substrate 100, e.g., in the first direction D1. A width 230W1 of a lower portion or region (e.g., proximate to the substrate 100 in the second direction D2) of the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may be greater than a width 230W2 of an upper portion or region (e.g., distal to the substrate 100 in the second direction D2) of the second portion P2. The lower region of the second portion P2 may be adjacent to the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200, and the upper region of the second portion P2 may be spaced apart from the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 in the second direction D2. A width of the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may become progressively less from its bottom toward its top (e.g., the width, as measured in the first direction D1, may get progressively smaller in the second direction D2). In an implementation, the width of the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may decrease as a distance from the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 in the second direction D2 increases. In an implementation, the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may have a shape tapered from the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 in the second direction D2, and an upper end of the second portion P2 may have a pointed shape or tip.
A width 230W3 (as measured in the first direction D1) of an upper region of the first portion P1 of the upper pattern 230 may be less than the width 230W1 of the lower region of the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230. The upper region of the first portion P1 may be adjacent to the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200. The lower region of the second portion P2 may protrude from or on the upper region of the first portion P1 in the direction parallel to the top surface 100U of the substrate 100, e.g., the first direction D1, and may cover a portion of the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200.
The lower pattern 210 may be connected to the upper pattern 230, e.g., may be in direct contact with the upper pattern 230. The lower pattern 210 may be in direct contact with the first portion P1 of the upper pattern 230. In an implementation, an upper end of the lower pattern 210 may have a rounded shape convex toward the upper pattern 230 (e.g., in the second direction D2).
The contact plug 250 may further include a barrier pattern 220 between the lower pattern 210 and the interlayer insulating layer 200. The barrier pattern 220 may be between the lower pattern 210 and the substrate 100. In an implementation, a topmost surface 220U of the barrier pattern 220 (e.g., a surface of the barrier pattern 220 farthest from the substrate 100 in the second direction D2 and facing away from the substrate 100 in the second direction D2) may be located at a lower height (e.g., may be closer to the substrate 100 in the second direction D2) than a topmost surface 210U of the lower pattern 210 (e.g., a surface of the lower pattern 210 farthest from the substrate 100 in the second direction D2 and facing away from the substrate 100 in the second direction D2). In the present specification, the term ‘height’ means a vertical distance measured from the top surface 100U of the substrate 100 in the second direction D2. The upper pattern 230 may cover the topmost surface 220U of the barrier pattern 220. The topmost surface 220U of the barrier pattern 220 may be in direct contact with the first portion P1 of the upper pattern 230.
In an implementation, the lower pattern 210 may include a different material from that of the upper pattern 230. In an implementation, the lower pattern 210 may include a first metal (e.g., cobalt), and the upper pattern 230 may include a second metal (e.g., tungsten) different from the first metal. In an implementation, the lower pattern 210 and the upper pattern 230 may include the same material. In an implementation, the lower pattern 210 and the upper pattern 230 may include the same metal. In this case, the lower pattern 210 and the upper pattern 230 may be in contact with each other without an interface, e.g., to constitute a single unitary body. In an implementation, the barrier pattern 220 may include, e.g., a conductive metal nitride.
The conductive line 280 may include a line pattern 270 extending in the first direction D1 on the interlayer insulating layer 200, and a line barrier pattern 260 between the line pattern 270 and the interlayer insulating layer 200. The line barrier pattern 260 may extend between the upper pattern 230 of the contact plug 250 and the line pattern 270. The line barrier pattern 260 may extend between the second portion (e.g., the protrusion) P2 of the upper pattern 230 and the line pattern 270. The line barrier pattern 260 may cover (e.g., partially cover a portion of) the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200. The line barrier pattern 260 may extend from the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 along a surface of the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 and may completely cover the surface of the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230. The second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230 may be spaced apart from the line pattern 270 with the line barrier pattern 260 therebetween.
A topmost surface 230U of the upper pattern 230 may be located at a higher height than the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200, and the line barrier pattern 260 may continuously extend from the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200 onto and over the topmost surface 230U of the upper pattern 230. A maximum height (as measured in the second direction D2) of a bottom surface 260L (e.g., substrate 100-facing surface) of the line barrier pattern 260 that is on the upper pattern 230 may be higher than a height of the bottom surface 260L of the line barrier pattern 260 that is on the interlayer insulating layer 200. In an implementation, the line pattern 270 may include, e.g., a metal, and the line barrier pattern 260 may include, e.g., a conductive metal nitride.
In an implementation, the contact plug 250 may include the lower pattern 210 and the upper pattern 230 (in direct contact with the lower pattern 210). In an implementation, the upper pattern 230 may include the first portion P1 (penetrating or in the upper region of the interlayer insulating layer 200) and the second portion P2 (protruding upwardly from or above the top surface 200U of the interlayer insulating layer 200). The width 230W1 of the lower region of the second portion P2 may be greater than the width 230W3 of the upper region of the first portion P1. The contact plug 250 may include the second portion P2 of the upper pattern 230, and it is possible to prevent the line barrier pattern 260 from extending into the interlayer insulating layer 200. Thus, an electrical resistance of the contact plug 250 may be reduced. As a result, electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device including the contact plug 250 may be improved.
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An active fin AF and source/drain patterns SD may be on the active region 102. The source/drain patterns SD may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1 with the active fin AF therebetween. In an implementation, the active fin AF may include a plurality of semiconductor patterns 110 spaced apart from each other in the second direction D2. A lowermost one of the semiconductor patterns 110 may be spaced apart from the active region 102 in the second direction D2. The semiconductor patterns 110 may be between the source/drain patterns SD and may be connected to the source/drain patterns SD. Each of the source/drain patterns SD may be in contact with sidewalls of the semiconductor patterns 110. Each of the semiconductor patterns 110 may connect the source/drain patterns SD to each other. In an implementation, the number of the semiconductor patterns 110 may be three, as shown in
The source/drain patterns SD may include epitaxial patterns formed using the semiconductor patterns 110 and the active region 102 as a seed. The source/drain patterns SD may include, e.g., silicon-germanium (SiGe), silicon (Si), or silicon carbide (SiC). In an implementation, the source/drain patterns SD may provide tensile strain to the active fin AF. In an implementation, when the semiconductor patterns 110 include silicon (Si), the source/drain patterns SD may include silicon (Si) and/or silicon carbide (SiC). In an implementation, the source/drain patterns SD may provide compressive strain to the active fin AF. In an implementation, when the semiconductor patterns 110 include silicon (Si), the source/drain patterns SD may include silicon-germanium (SiGe). The source/drain patterns SD may further include dopants. The dopants may be employed to improve electrical characteristics of a transistor including the source/drain patterns SD. When the transistor is an N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (NMOSFET), the dopants may include, e.g., phosphorus (P). When the transistor is a P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (PMOSFET), the dopants may include, e.g., boron (B).
A gate structure GS may be on the active fin AF and may intersect the active fin AF. The active fin AF may overlap with the gate structure GS, and the source/drain patterns SD may be at both sides of the gate structure GS, respectively.
The gate structure GS may include a gate electrode GE, a gate insulating pattern GI between the gate electrode GE and the active fin AF, gate spacers GSP on sidewalls of the gate electrode GE, and a gate capping pattern CAP on a top surface of the gate electrode GE. The gate insulating pattern GI may extend between the gate electrode GE and the gate spacers GSP, and a topmost surface of the gate insulating pattern GI may be substantially coplanar with the top surface of the gate electrode GE. The gate electrode GE may cover a topmost surface of the active fin AF and may fill a space between the active fin AF and the active region 102 and spaces between the semiconductor patterns 110. The gate insulating pattern GI may be between the gate electrode GE and each of the semiconductor patterns 110. Each of the semiconductor patterns 110 may be spaced apart from the gate electrode GE with the gate insulating pattern GI interposed therebetween. The gate electrode GE, the active fin AF, and the source/drain patterns SD may constitute a multi-bridge channel field effect transistor (MBC FET).
The gate electrode GE may include a doped semiconductor material, a conductive metal nitride, or a metal. The gate insulating pattern GI may include a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, or a high-k dielectric layer. The high-k dielectric layer may include a material of which a dielectric constant is higher than that of a silicon oxide layer. In an implementation, the high-k dielectric layer may include a hafnium oxide (HfO) layer, an aluminum oxide (AlO) layer, or a tantalum oxide (TaO) layer. Each of the gate capping pattern CAP and the gate spacers GSP may include a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, or a silicon oxynitride layer.
Spacer patterns 120 may be between each of the source/drain patterns SD and the gate electrode GE. The spacer patterns 120 may be at each side of the gate electrode GE and may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction D2. The spacer patterns 120 and the semiconductor patterns 110 may be alternately and repeatedly stacked in the second direction D2. Each of the spacer patterns 120 may be between the semiconductor patterns 110 vertically adjacent to each other or between the lowermost semiconductor pattern 110 and the active region 102. Each of the source/drain patterns SD may be in contact with the semiconductor patterns 110 and may be spaced apart from the gate electrode GE with the spacer patterns 120 therebetween. The gate insulating pattern GI may be between the gate electrode GE and each of the semiconductor patterns 110 and may extend between the gate electrode GE and each of the spacer patterns 120. Each of the spacer patterns 120 may be in contact with the gate insulating pattern GI.
A first interlayer insulating layer 130 may be on the substrate 100 and may cover the gate structure GS and the source/drain patterns SD. In an implementation, the first interlayer insulating layer 130 may include a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, or a low-k dielectric layer. A top surface of the gate capping pattern CAP may be substantially coplanar with a top surface of the first interlayer insulating layer 130. The gate spacer GSP may be between the gate capping pattern CAP and the first interlayer insulating layer 130. A second interlayer insulating layer 140 may be on the first interlayer insulating layer 130 and may cover the top surface of the gate capping pattern CAP. In an implementation, the second interlayer insulating layer 140 may include a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, or a low-k dielectric layer. In the present specification, the first and second interlayer insulating layers 130 and 140 may be referred to as a lower interlayer insulating layer.
Lower contact plugs 150 may penetrate the first and second interlayer insulating layers 130 and 140 so as to be electrically connected to the source/drain patterns SD. The lower contact plugs 150 may be at both sides of the gate structure GS, and each of the lower contact plugs 150 may be connected to a corresponding one of the source/drain patterns SD. Each of the lower contact plugs 150 may include a conductive pattern 152 penetrating the first and second interlayer insulating layers 130 and 140, and a contact barrier pattern 154 extending along a sidewall and a bottom surface of the conductive pattern 152. The contact barrier pattern 154 may be between the conductive pattern 152 and the first interlayer insulating layer 130 and between the conductive pattern 152 and the second interlayer insulating layer 140, and may extend between the conductive pattern 152 and the corresponding source/drain pattern SD. The conductive pattern 152 may include a metal, and the contact barrier pattern 154 may include a conductive metal nitride.
A third interlayer insulating layer 200 may be on the second interlayer insulating layer 140. The third interlayer insulating layer 200 may be substantially the same as the interlayer insulating layer 200 described with reference to
A conductive line 280 may be on the third interlayer insulating layer 200. A contact plug 250 may penetrate the third interlayer insulating layer 200 and may be connected to the conductive line 280. The contact plug 250 may penetrate the third interlayer insulating layer 200 so as to be connected to a corresponding one of the lower contact plugs 150. The conductive line 280 and the contact plug 250 may be substantially the same as the conductive line 280 and the contact plug 250 in at least one of the embodiments described with reference to
Referring to
An active fin AF and source/drain patterns SD may be on the active region 102. The source/drain patterns SD may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1 with the active fin AF therebetween. In an implementation, the active fin AF may be an upper portion of the active region 102, which is exposed by the device isolation patterns. The source/drain patterns SD may include epitaxial patterns formed using the active fin AF and the active region 102 as a seed.
A gate structure GS may be on the active fin AF and may intersect the active fin AF. The active fin AF may overlap with the gate structure GS, and the source/drain patterns SD may be at both sides of the gate structure GS, respectively. In an implementation, the active fin AF may have sidewalls opposite to each other in a third direction which is parallel to the top surface 100U of the substrate 100 and is perpendicular to the first direction D1, and the gate structure GS may cover the opposite sidewalls of the active fin AF. The gate electrode GE, the active fin AF and the source/drain patterns SD may constitute a fin field effect transistor (Fin FET).
A first interlayer insulating layer 130 may be on the substrate 100 and may cover the gate structure GS and the source/drain patterns SD. A second interlayer insulating layer 140 may be on the first interlayer insulating layer 130. In the present specification, the first and second interlayer insulating layers 130 and 140 may be referred to as a lower interlayer insulating layer. Lower contact plugs 150 may penetrate the first and second interlayer insulating layers 130 and 140 so as to be electrically connected to the source/drain patterns SD.
A third interlayer insulating layer 200 may be on the second interlayer insulating layer 140. The third interlayer insulating layer 200 may be substantially the same as the interlayer insulating layer 200 described with reference to
A conductive line 280 may be on the third interlayer insulating layer 200. A contact plug 250 may penetrate the third interlayer insulating layer 200 and may be connected to the conductive line 280. The contact plug 250 may penetrate the third interlayer insulating layer 200 so as to be connected to a corresponding one of the lower contact plugs 150. The conductive line 280 and the contact plug 250 may be substantially the same as the conductive line 280 and the contact plug 250 in at least one of the embodiments described with reference to
According to the present embodiments, the contact plug 250 may include a lower pattern 210 and an upper pattern 230 (in direct contact with the lower pattern 210), and the upper pattern 230 may include a protrusion protruding upwardly from a top surface of the third interlayer insulating layer 200. Thus, it is possible to prevent a line barrier pattern 260 from extending into the third interlayer insulating layer 200. As a result, an electrical resistance of the contact plug 250 may be reduced. Therefore, electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device including the contact plug 250 may be improved.
By way of summation and review, operating characteristics of semiconductor devices could be deteriorated by reduction in size of MOSFETs. Various methods for forming semiconductor devices that have excellent performance while overcoming limitations by the high integration have been considered.
One or more embodiments may provide a semiconductor device including a field effect transistor.
One or more embodiments may provide a semiconductor device with improved electrical characteristics.
According to the embodiments, the electrical resistance of the contact plug may be reduced, and thus the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device may be improved.
Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
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