Patent Application
20050072668
The present invention relates to sputter targets used in physical vapor deposition processes, and more particularly relates to sputter targets having surface textures modified to minimize the effects of sputter re-deposition.
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, such as sputtering, are used in a variety of fields to provide thin film material deposition of a precisely controlled thickness with an atomically smooth surface. In sputtering processes, a target located in a chamber filled with an inert gas atmosphere is exposed to an electric field to generate a plasma. Ions within this plasma collide with a surface of the sputter target causing the target to emit atoms from the target surface. A voltage difference between the target and the substrate that is to be coated causes the emitted atoms to form the desired film on the surface of the substrate.
Success in sputter coating of thin-film materials, especially sputter coating of thin films in the magnetic data storage industry, however, is highly dependent on the cleanliness of the sputter chamber. At the vacuum levels used in these endeavors, contaminants as small as a gas molecule can significantly alter the course of the small quantities of material transported from a sputter target to the substrate. Further, considering that a magnetic media disk is rejectable if even one small bit of debris is found to disrupt the atomically smooth surface, the purity of the atmosphere within the chamber is paramount.
Sputtering techniques typically form deposits of the target coating material on other surfaces within the chamber in addition to the substrate. Coating material that comes back to coat the non-sputter areas of the sputter target has a high risk of dislodging again due to the energetic nature of the plasma atmosphere. This dislodged debris can contaminate the media surface with large pieces of fatal debris, which then may be coated upon to lock them into the film structure. In light of the stringent cleanliness requirements of the magnetic data storage industry, the effects of sputter re-deposition described above are highly undesired.
Conventional solutions to the problems associated with sputter re-deposition include using shot or bead blasting techniques to microscopically roughen the non-sputter areas of the sputter target. Current blasting techniques for most materials are able to produce standard microscopic surface roughness with values between 120 and 200 micro inches. This roughness increases the surface area on the sputter target and thereby improves the ability to trap any re-deposited material, which provides a cleaner environment in the chamber and a cleaner finished product. However, a need still exists to further mitigate the effects of sputter re-deposition.
The present invention addresses the needs discuss above by modifying the surface texture of the sputter target. Specifically, the present invention macroscopically roughens the non-sputter areas of the sputter target to improve the ability of the non-sputter areas to trap re-deposited target coating material and reduce the effects of sputter re-deposition in sputtering applications.
According to one aspect of the invention, the non-sputter areas are macroscopically roughened by forming a macroscopic trough pattern in the non-sputter areas. The trough pattern may be formed in any of a number of designs in the non-sputter areas of the sputter target. Furthermore, different non-sputter areas may have different macroscopic trough patterns. The trough patterns are formed in the non-sputter areas using conventional laser ablation methods or machining processes.
According to other aspects of the invention, the macroscopic trough pattern in the non-sputter areas is microscopically roughened using conventional bead or grit blasting techniques. The microscopic roughening further improves the ability to trap re-deposited target coating material and prevent it from contaminating the film applied to the substrate.
In another aspect of the invention, the non-sputter areas are counter-bored into the face of the sputter target in addition to having the macroscopic trough patterns formed in them. Counter-boring the non-sputter areas places them farther away from the plasma environment than the sputter areas and further reduces the chances of re-deposited target coating material dislodging and contaminating the film applied to the substrate.
The foregoing summary of the invention has been provided so that the nature of the invention may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention concerns the modification of the surface texture of sputter targets to minimize the effects associated with sputter re-deposition. Sputter targets are made of a wide variety of materials which depend on the applications in which the sputtering is being used. As one skilled in the art will recognize, the invention described below does not depend on the material of the sputter target and can be applied to sputter targets in general. Accordingly, specific target materials are not mentioned in the description below.
Sputter area 2 is the area of the sputter target from which the target material is removed for application on the substrate within the sputter chamber. Sputter area 2 is macroscopically smooth, and to a certain degree microscopically smooth as well. For example, in one embodiment of the invention the standard surface roughness of sputter area 2 has values less than 100 micro inches, and preferably less than 65 micro inches.
As described above, the sputtering process tends to deposit target coating material on the non-sputter areas of the sputter target. In order to improve the adhesion properties of the non-sputter areas and reduce the occurrence of this redeposited material being dislodged and contaminating the substrate, the present invention macroscopically roughens these areas of the sputter target. Specifically, the invention roughens the non-sputter areas of the sputter target by forming a macroscopic trough pattern in these areas.
In
To form the macroscopic trough patterns, the surface of the non-sputter areas is macroscopically roughened using either a laser ablation method or a physical machining process. For example, a high-energy YAG or similar laser is used to pattern a precise pattern on the surface of a round, rectangular or irregularly shaped sputter target. Laser powers are set based on the type of laser used, in combination with the sputter target material, with the ultimate goal of controlling the depth and width of the laser-ablated trough forming the trough pattern. Alternatively, the macroscopic trough patterns may be produced using machining tools such as a lathe, mill, or other cutting tool.
The types of troughs used to form the trough patterns include, but are not limited to, a squared trough and an angled trough.
In an additional embodiment of the invention, microscopic roughening is performed on non-sputter areas 3 and 4 in addition to the macroscopic roughening provided by the trough patterns. Microscopic roughening is typically performed using shot, bead or grit blasting to add microscopic surface roughness, which is not depicted in the figures, to the trough patterns formed in the non-sputter areas. In this manner, the surface area, and thereby the adhesion properties, of non-sputter areas 3 and 4 are further improved.
While not depicted in
While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that they may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/508,317, filed Oct. 6, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60508317 | Oct 2003 | US |
