This relates generally to automation, and more particularly, to automated equipment for use in manufacturing operations such as testing.
Electronic devices are often tested following assembly to ensure that device performance meets design specifications. For example, a device may be tested at a series of test stations to ensure that components and software in the device are operating satisfactorily. At each test station, an operator may couple a device to test equipment using a cable. Following successful testing at all test stations, a device may be shipped to an end user.
The process of attaching and detaching test cable connectors and the manual operations associated with performing tests at test stations can be cumbersome and burdensome to test system operators. If care is not taken, tests may be less accurate and more time consuming than desired.
It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved ways of performing manufacturing operations such as testing operations on electronic devices.
A test system may be provided in which devices under test are loaded into test trays. Test trays in the test system may be tested at test stations. A test conveyor belt may be used to move test trays from one test station to another. The test system may include loading equipment for placing test trays onto the test conveyor belt at predetermined intervals.
In one suitable arrangement, the loading equipment may include a feed conveyor belt, a fixed support structure, and a computer-controlled loader. A test operator or automated test tray loader may provide test trays to the feed conveyor belt. A safety wall may be placed above the feed conveyor belt so that only a single test tray may pass between an upper surface of the feed conveyor belt and a lower surface of the safety wall at any given time. A first sensor associated with the feed conveyor belt may be used to determine when an incoming test tray is available for pickup.
The loader may be used to move an incoming test tray from the feed conveyor belt to the fixed support structure. In particular, the loader may include loader engagement features configured to mate with corresponding test tray engagement features in the test tray. A second sensor (e.g., a radio-frequency identification sensor) may be used to identify a serial number associated with each test tray being transferred from the feed conveyor belt to the fixed support structure.
The test tray may be stored temporarily on the fixed support structure. More than one test tray may be stored on the fixed support structure. Sensors associated with the fixed support structure may be used to determine whether the fixed support structure is capable of receiving additional test trays from the test conveyor belt (e.g., whether the fixed support structure has a vacant test tray spot or whether the fixed support structure is fully occupied by test trays).
The loader may be directed to move a selected test tray from the fixed support structure to the test conveyor belt. The rate at which test trays are deposited on the fixed support structure may at most be equal to the rate at which test trays are transferred from the fixed support structure to the test conveyor belt. In another suitable arrangement, the test system may include an additional computer-controlled loader that is used to move a selected test tray from the fixed support structure to the test conveyor belt.
Further features of the present invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.
Electronic devices such as electronic device 10 of
Devices such as device 10 of
Devices that are being tested in a test system may sometimes be referred to as devices under test (DUTs). Devices under test may be provided to the test stations using a conveyor belt, using robotic arms, or using other loading equipment.
Any suitable device may be tested using test equipment. As an example, device 10 of
As shown in
Device 10 may, if desired, have a display such as display 14. Display 14 may be a touch screen that incorporates capacitive touch electrodes or may be insensitive to touch. Display 14 may include image pixels formed from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), plasma cells, electrophoretic display elements, electrowetting display elements, liquid crystal display (LCD) components, or other suitable image pixel structures. A cover glass layer may cover the surface of display 14. Openings for buttons such as button 20, openings for speaker ports such as speaker port 22, and other openings may be formed in the cover layer of display 14, if desired.
The central portion of display 14 (i.e., active region 16) may include active image pixel structures. The surrounding rectangular ring-shaped inactive region (region 18) may be devoid of active image pixel structures. If desired, the width of inactive region 18 may be minimized (e.g., to produce a borderless display).
Device 10 may include components such as front-facing camera 24. Camera 24 may be oriented to acquire images of a user during operation of device 10. Device 10 may include sensors in portion 26 of inactive region 18. These sensors may include, for example, an infrared-light-based proximity sensor that includes an infrared-light emitter and a corresponding light detector to emit and detect reflected light from nearby objects. The sensors in portion 26 may also include an ambient light sensor for detecting the amount of light that is in the ambient environment for device 10. Other types of sensors may be used in device 10 if desired. The example of
Device 10 may include input-output ports such as port 28. Port 28 may include audio input-output ports, analog input-output ports, digital data input-output ports, or other ports.
Sensors such as the sensors associated with region 26 of
A schematic diagram of an electronic device such as electronic device 10 is shown in
Storage and processing circuitry 27 may be used to run software on device 10, such as internet browsing applications, voice-over-internet-protocol (VOIP) telephone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. To support interactions with external equipment, storage and processing circuitry 27 may be used in implementing communications protocols. Communications protocols that may be implemented using storage and processing circuitry 27 include internet protocols, wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols—sometimes referred to as WiFi®), protocols for other short-range wireless communications links such as the Bluetooth® protocol, cellular telephone protocols, etc.
Circuitry 27 may be configured to implement control algorithms that control the use of antennas in device 10. For example, to support antenna diversity schemes and MIMO schemes or beam forming or other multi-antenna schemes, circuitry 27 may perform signal quality monitoring operations, sensor monitoring operations, and other data gathering operations and may, in response to the gathered data, control which antenna structures within device 10 are being used to receive and process data. As an example, circuitry 27 may control which of two or more antennas is being used to receive incoming radio-frequency signals, may control which of two or more antennas is being used to transmit radio-frequency signals, may control the process of routing incoming data streams over two or more antennas in device 10 in parallel, etc.
Input/output circuitry 29 may be used to allow data to be supplied to device 10 and to allow data to be provided from device 10 to external devices. Input/output circuitry 29 may include input/output devices 31. Input/output devices 31 may include touch screens, displays without touch sensor capabilities, buttons, joysticks, click wheels, scrolling wheels, touch pads, key pads, keyboards, microphones, speakers, tone generators, vibrators, cameras, sensors, light-emitting diodes and other status indicators, light sources, audio jacks and other audio port components, data ports, light sensors, motion sensors (accelerometers), capacitance sensors, proximity sensors, etc. A user can control the operation of device 10 by supplying commands through input/output devices 31 and may receive status information and other output from device 10 using the output resources of input/output devices 31.
Wireless communications circuitry 33 may include radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry formed from one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low-noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas, transmission lines, and other circuitry for handling RF wireless signals. Wireless signals can also be sent using light (e.g., using infrared communications).
Wireless communications circuitry 33 may include satellite navigation system receiver circuitry 35, transceiver circuitry such as transceiver circuitry 37 and 39, and antenna circuitry such as antenna circuitry 41. Satellite navigation system receiver circuitry 35 may be used to support satellite navigation services such as United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) (e.g., for receiving satellite positioning signals at 1575 MHz) and/or other satellite navigation systems.
Transceiver circuitry 37 may handle 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for WiFi® (IEEE 802.11) communications and may handle the 2.4 Bluetooth® communications band. Circuitry 37 may sometimes be referred to as wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver circuitry (to support WiFi® communications) and Bluetooth® transceiver circuitry. Circuitry 33 may use cellular telephone transceiver circuitry (sometimes referred to as cellular radio) 39 for handling wireless communications in cellular telephone bands such as bands at 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, and 2100 MHz or other cellular telephone bands of interest.
Examples of cellular telephone standards that may be supported by wireless circuitry 33 and device 10 include: the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) “2G” cellular telephone standard, the Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) cellular telephone standard, the “3G” Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular telephone standard, the “3G” Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA 2000) cellular telephone standard, and the “4G” Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular telephone standard. Other cellular telephone standards may be used if desired. These cellular telephone standards are merely illustrative.
Wireless communications circuitry 33 may include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links if desired. For example, wireless communications circuitry 33 may include wireless circuitry for receiving radio and television signals, paging circuits, etc. In WiFi® and Bluetooth® links and other short-range wireless links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over tens of hundreds of feet. In cellular telephone links and other long-range links, wireless signals are typically used to convey data over thousands of feet or miles.
Wireless communications circuitry 33 may include one or more antennas 41. Antennas 41 may be formed using any suitable antenna type. For example, antennas 41 may include antennas with resonating elements that are formed from loop antenna structures, patch antenna structures, inverted-F antenna structures, slot antenna structures, planar inverted-F antenna structures, helical antenna structures, hybrids of these designs, etc. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used in forming a local wireless link antenna and another type of antenna may be used in forming a remote wireless link antenna.
Device under test 10 may, if desired, be installed in a test tray such as tray 32. Tray 32 may be configured to receive one or more devices under test. For example, tray 32 may have multiple slots, each of which is configured to receive a corresponding device under test. If desired, tray 32 may be configured to receive only a single device under test.
Device 10 may be installed in test tray 32 manually or using automated equipment. To facilitate manual installation, test tray 32 may include features to facilitate human manipulation. For example, test tray 32 may include features that help an operator open and close clamps or other device holding features in test tray 32. Device under test 10 that is mounted in test tray 32 may be conveyed between test stations 36 using a conveyor belt such as conveyor belt 38 (e.g., a belt that moves in direction 40). DUT 10 may be tested using at least some of test stations 36 as DUT 10 travels down conveyor belt 38.
It may be desirable to regulate the rate at which devices under test are placed on conveyor 38 in system 30. Test system 30 may include loading equipment such as loading equipment 200 configured to place test trays 32 on conveyor belt 38 so that test trays 32 are not spaced too closely or too far apart from one another. With this type of arrangement, test tray 32 may serve as an interface between DUT 10 and loading equipment 200. Test tray 32 may, for example, be more robust than DUT 10, may have engagement features that are configured to mate with loading equipment 200, may have an identification number that facilitates tracking, and may have other features that facilitate loading of DUT 10 onto conveyor belt 38.
For example, loading equipment 200 may be provided with one or more computer-controlled positioning arms. The positioning arms in loading equipment 200 may be used in picking up a test tray (i.e., a test tray that is loaded with DUT 10) that is provided from a test operator, placing the test tray on a temporary test tray dock, picking up the test tray from the temporary test tray dock at a later point in time, and then placing the test tray on conveyor belt 38 for testing. Handling test trays 32 in this way serves to synchronize the rate at which the test operator provides test trays 32 to loading equipment 200 with the rate at which the automated positioning arms in loading equipment 200 place test trays 32 on conveyor belt 38 for optimal test throughput.
Using the system of
Test stations 36 may provide test results to computing equipment such as test host 42 (e.g., one or more networked computers) for processing. Test host 42 may maintain a database of test results, may be used in controlling the rate at which loading equipment 200 loads test trays onto conveyor belt 38 (e.g., by sending commands via path 41), may be used in sending test commands to test stations 36 (e.g., by sending commands via path 43), may track individual trays and devices under test as the trays and devices pass through system 30, and may perform other control operations.
A pad extender such as pad extender 144 may have a mating connector such as plug 146. Plug 146 may be configured to mate with a connector in port 28 when DUT 10 has been mounted in test tray 32 and when pad extender 144 has been moved towards DUT 10 in direction 148.
Following insertion of DUT 10 into test tray 32 and following insertion of plug connector 146 of pad extender 144 into connector 28 of DUT 10, test tray 32 of
Because DUT 10 is connected to test contacts 62 in test tray 32 using pad extender 144 associated with test tray 32, it is not necessary to repeatedly connect and disconnect device under test 10 from cabling at each test station 36. Rather, connections between DUT 10 and the test equipment at each test station 36 by may be formed by coupling contacts 62 in test tray 32 to corresponding contacts (e.g., spring-loaded pins) in each test station 36. By minimizing the number of times that cables need to be connected and disconnected from each device under test, the life of tester cables and connectors may be extended.
The use of test tray 32 and loader 46 may allow DUT 10 to be placed accurately within test stations 36 (e.g., with an accuracy of +/−0.1 mm or better, as an example). Test tray 32 may shield device under test 10 from scratches and other damage during testing. In general, DUT 10 may be received within test tray 32 in either an upwards facing configuration in which display 14 faces outwards away from tray 32 or a downwards facing configuration in which display 14 faces downwards onto the base of test tray 32.
Test tray 32 may be provided with guide structures configured to accurately place device under test 10 in a desired location within a recess 154 in tray 32. As shown in
Test tray 32 may also include engagement features such as holes 160 formed on both ends of tray 32 (see, e.g., top perspective view of tray 32 in
Initially, a test system operator or automated loading equipment may place devices in test trays 32 onto conveyor belt 270 at location 290. Safety wall 268 may prevent the operator or automated loading equipment from placing test tray 32 farther along conveyor 270. The height H of safety wall 268 may be configured so that only a single test tray 32 can pass between the upper surface of conveyor belt 270 and the lower surface of safety wall 268 at a time. The presence of safety wall 268 may therefore be used to ensure that there is only one layer of test trays 32 on conveyor 270. The speed of conveyor 270 may be computer controlled (if desired). Light sensor 272 may be used to monitor the flow of test trays 32 on conveyor 270. For example, conveyor 270 may run continuously until sensor 272 detects the presence of a test tray, at which point conveyor 270 may be temporarily halted to await unloading using loader 280. If desired, a tray stop structure such as tray stop structure 400 may be placed at an end of conveyor 270 for guiding the test tray to a desired position for pickup.
Loader 280 may be used to pick up test tray 32 from conveyor 270. Loader 280 may include a computer-controlled positioner such as positioner 274 and a grabber head such as grabber 276 that is positioned by positioner 274. Positioner 274 may be controlled using commands sent from test host 42 over path 41. Grabber 276 may contain computer-controlled actuators and engagement features such as pins that mate with corresponding engagement features such as holes 160 in test tray 32. Loader 280 may be used to move test trays 32 from conveyor belt 270 to pedestal 282.
As test tray 32 is being moved from conveyor 270 to pedestal 282, a sensor such as sensor 273 may be used to identify the test tray. For example, sensor 202 may be a radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor configured to identify a serial number associated with the incoming tray 32 and may forward the identified serial number to test host 42 via path 41. Operated in this way, test host 42 may be used to keep track of each test tray 32 that is provided to test system 30 for testing.
Loader 280 may be configured to place an incoming test tray onto one of multiple possible locations on pedestal 282. In the example of
Loader 284 may be used to unload pedestal 282 (e.g., to move test trays 32 from pedestal 282 to conveyor 38). Loader 284 may include computer-controlled positioner 286 and a grabber head such as grabber 288 that is positioned by positioner 286. Positioner 286 may be controlled using commands sent from test host 42 over path 41. Grabber 288 may also contain computer-controlled actuators for grasping test trays 32 (e.g., grabber 288 may also include engagement features such as pins that mate with corresponding holes 160 in test tray 32).
The speed of conveyor 38 is preferably fixed. At even time intervals (e.g., every 15 seconds plus or minus an allowed variation of a few seconds), loader 284 may move a selected one of test trays 32 from pedestal 282 to end position 292 of conveyor belt 38, thereby ensuring that test trays 32 are evenly spaced at a desired distance D from each other along the surface of conveyor belt 38. Conveyor belt 38 may be used to convey test trays 32 to test stations 36 in test system 30 for testing.
Pedestal 282 used as such may therefore serve as an input buffer for test system 30. In general, the rate at which test trays are being transferred from conveyor 270 to pedestal 282 is at least equal to or greater than the rate at which test trays are being transferred from pedestal 282 onto conveyor 38. This ensures that there is at least one test tray on pedestal 282 at any given point in time available to be moved onto conveyor 38 for optimal test throughput. The example of
Each of grabbers 276 and 288 may include a contractible member such as member 402 that can be actuated using air-driven or motor-driven actuators.
When test tray 32 is ready to be picked up, grabber 276 may be lowered to a pick-up position so that pins 404 are aligned with test tray holes 160. Initially, pins 404 may be held in a retracted position. After pins 404 and holes 160 are aligned, actuators such as actuators 406 may be used to extend pins 404 into holes 160 (see, e.g., perspective view of
As shown in
In the configuration shown in
The arrangement of
In the configuration shown in
Pedestal 282 as shown in
A flow chart of illustrative steps involved in using system 30 of
At step 314, grabber head 276 of loader 280 may be positioned over test tray 32. At step 316, grabber head 276 may be used to grab test tray 32.
At step 318, positioner 280 may move test tray 32 from conveyor 270 to pedestal 282. At step 320, positioner 280 may release test tray 32 on pedestal 282. Once the test tray has been transferred from conveyor 270 to pedestal 282 in this way, another test tray may be moved into position under sensor 272 using conveyor 270 (step 322).
As the test tray loading process of steps 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, and 322 is being performed to load test trays onto pedestal 282, loader 284 may be independently used to transfer test trays 32 from pedestal 282 to conveyor 38 (step 324). In particular, loader 284 may, in response to control commands from a computer, move test trays 32 one at a time from pedestal 282 and to conveyor 38, depositing test trays 32 on conveyor 38 at desired time intervals (e.g., at a fixed time period of about 3 seconds). By loading test trays 32 onto conveyor 38 at fixed time intervals, the spacing D between adjacent test trays may be controlled (e.g., so that D has a fixed value of about 1 m). If desired, loader 280 may also be used to move test trays 32 from pedestal 282 to conveyor 38 in response to control commands from test host 42 (e.g., second loader 284 need not be used).
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The foregoing embodiments may be implemented individually or in any combination.
This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application No. 61/595,572, filed Feb. 6, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61595572 | Feb 2012 | US |