Patent Grant
11073953
The present invention relates to a transparent electrode member.
A capacitive sensor has a transparent electrode member having a transparent electrode to detect the position of a portion with which a manipulating body has come into contact without lowering the visibility of an image displayed on a screen. In general, if a transparent electrode member includes both a pattern portion in which a transparent electrode is provided and a non-pattern portion (that is, a pattern opening portion) in which no transparent electrode is provided are present, the pattern portion and non-pattern portion are visually distinguished from each other. If the difference between the reflectance of the pattern portion and the reflectance of the non-pattern portion becomes large, the difference between the pattern portion and the non-pattern portion is visually clarified. This causes a problem in that the visibility of the outside shape of the display elements that display an image is lowered.
PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2016-514873 discloses a transparent electrode laminated body that includes a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer, each of which is laminated on a transparent substrate in a predetermined pattern and also includes an insulating layer intervening between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer and contact holes that electrically connect the first transparent electrode layer and second transparent electrode layer together. The transparent electrode laminated body described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2016-514873 further includes a passivation layer on a surface of the transparent electrode laminated structure, the surface being opposite to the transparent substrate.
PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2010-157400 discloses a conductive nanofiber sheet that has: a base body sheet; a conductive pattern layer, formed on the base body sheet, that includes conductive nanofibers, which make the conductive pattern layer conductive, and has a plurality of micro pin holes with a size that makes visual recognition impossible; and an insulation pattern layer, formed in a portion in which the conductive pattern layer on the base body sheet is not formed, that includes the conductive nanofibers and is insulated from the conductive pattern layer. The insulation pattern layer in the conductive nanofiber sheet described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2010-157400 has narrow and small grooves with a width that makes visual recognition impossible. Due to the narrow and small grooves, the insulation pattern layer is insulated from the conductive pattern layer and is formed like a plurality of islands.
However, the transparent electrode laminated body described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2016-514873 has a plurality of laminated structures that vary depending on the position. For example, the second transparent electrode layer is disposed on the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer is disposed with the insulating layer intervening between them. Therefore, a step is formed on the transparent substrate. In a case in which a step is formed on a transparent substrate, if a passivation layer is provided in a portion including the step, the effect of the passivation layer is not obtained so much. To avoid this, the passivation layer needs to be disposed on a surface of the transparent substrate, the surface being opposite to the surface on which the first transparent electrode and second transparent electrode are disposed. This causes a problem in that the effect of invisibility to the pattern portions of the first transparent electrode layer and second transparent electrode layer is restrictive.
A possible means for making the pattern portions of the first transparent electrode layer and second transparent electrode layer invisible is to suppress the non-pattern portion to a small width and size. In the first transparent electrode layer, in which a first pattern and a second pattern are mutually adjacent, there is a limit in that the first pattern and second pattern are manufactured and an insulation property is assured between the first pattern and the second pattern.
The present invention provides a transparent electrode member that can improve the invisibility of the pattern of a transparent electrode and also providing a capacitive sensor that has the transparent electrode member.
In one aspect, a transparent electrode member in the present invention has: a base material having a translucent property; a transparent electrode having a translucent property, the transparent electrode being placed on a first surface, which is one of the surfaces of the base material; and an insulating layer placed in an insulating region positioned in at least part of the circumference of a region in which the transparent electrode is placed, when viewed from the direction of the normal to the first surface. The transparent electrode has a dispersion layer that includes a matrix composed of an insulating material and also includes conductive nanowires dispersed in the matrix. The transparent electrode has a conductive region composed of a conductive part and optical adjustment regions composed of optical adjustment parts when viewed from the direction of the normal to the first surface. The conductivity of the conductive region is higher than the conductivity of the optical adjustment part. In the dispersion layer, the dispersion density of conductive nanowires in the optical adjustment part is lower than that in the conductive part.
In this transparent electrode member, since, in the dispersion layer included in the transparent electrode, conductive nanowires are dispersed in the matrix and are mutually linked, it is achieved to attain high conductivity, when compared with other transparent electrode materials, particularly oxide-based conductive materials. Since the conductive nanowire itself has no translucent property, a high dispersion density of the conductive nanowires in the dispersion layer causes the reflectance of the transparent electrode to tend to become high. That is, since, in the transparent electrode having the dispersion layer, the dispersion density of the conductive nanowires affects both conductivity and reflectance, there is a tradeoff between increasing conductivity and lowering reflectance. Therefore, when the transparent electrode is structured so as to have a conductive region the conductivity of which is relatively high and also have optical adjustment regions the reflectance of which is relatively low, it is achieved to reduce the reflectance of the transparent electrode and increase its invisibility while the conductivity of the transparent electrode is maintained.
In the transparent electrode member described above, it is preferable for the reflectance of the insulating region to be lower than the reflectance of the conductive region. In this case, the difference in reflectance between the insulating region and the transparent electrode, the reflectance of which has been lowered as a whole by providing the optical adjustment regions, becomes lower than when no optical adjustment part is provided. Therefore, it becomes difficult to visually recognize the boundary between the transparent electrode and the insulating region, so the invisibility of the transparent electrode can be enhanced.
The insulating layer may include the matrix. In this structure, there is a proximity between the optical properties (such as a refractive index) of the optical adjustment part other than the reflectance and the optical properties of the insulating layer. Therefore, when, for example, there is an image visually recognized through the transparent electrode member, the evenness of the display of the image is easily enhanced and the invisibility of the transparent electrode can thereby be more stably improved.
In the transparent electrode member described above, the optical adjustment region may be positioned in the conductive region. In this structure, there is no portion in which the optical adjustment region comes into direct contact with the insulating region. Therefore, it is possible to use the conductive region to appropriately form conductive paths in the transparent electrode, making it possible to suppress a drop in the conductivity of the transparent electrode.
In the transparent electrode member described above, it is sometimes preferable for the area ratio (also referred to below as the adjustment ratio) of the optical adjustment regions to be preferably 40% or less. As described above, the conductivity of the transparent electrode having the dispersion layer including conductive nanowires is easier to enhance than the conductivity of transparent electrodes made of an oxide-based conductive material. With the optical adjustment part, conductivity tends to be relatively lowered as a tradeoff for lowering reflectance. However, even if the adjustment ratio is increased to about 40% to improve the invisibility of the transparent electrode, conductivity demanded for the transparent electrode can be assured.
In the transparent electrode member described above, it is preferable for the optical adjustment regions to have a plurality of partial regions that are discretely positioned in the conductive region. If the optical adjustment regions and conductive region that have relatively different translucent properties form a large pattern separately, it is feared that the visibility of the pattern is increased depending on the shape of the pattern. Also, since the optical adjustment part is a region having relatively low conductivity, if a set of optical adjustment parts is positioned in the transparent electrode, a conductive path meandering in the transparent electrode may be formed. Therefore, the conductivity of the transparent electrode may be lowered. Therefore, when partial optical adjustment regions are discretely placed in the conductive region as described above, it is suppressed that a pattern that is likely to be visually recognized is formed in the transparent electrode and conductively is essentially lowered. Also, if a plurality of transparent electrodes are placed with insulating regions intervening between them as will be described later, the visibility of the insulating region may be enhanced due to the difference of the reflectance of the insulating region positioned between the plurality of transparent electrodes from the reflectance of the conductive part in the transparent electrode. Even in this case, since optical adjustment regions having relatively low reflectance are discretely placed in the conductive region of the transparent electrode, it is possible to improve the invisibility of the transparent electrode placed in a state in which at least part is enclosed by the insulating region.
In the transparent electrode member described above, it is sometimes preferable for the plurality of partial regions to be separated 30 μm or more from one another. This separation distance is, that is, the width of the conductive region positioned between optical adjustment parts that are discretely placed, so the separation distance is the width of an individual conductive path in the transparent electrode. Therefore, when the separation distance is 30 μm or more, a drop in the conductivity of the transparent electrode is stably suppressed.
When partial regions having optical adjustment regions are discretely placed, the shape of each of the plurality of partial regions may be a circle. The diameter of the circle may be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. To stably improve the invisibility of the transparent electrode, it is preferable that the shapes of the plurality of partial regions described above be uniform in the transparent electrode. If the shape of this partial region is a circle and its diameter is within the above range, it can be easily achieved to set the separation distance between the plurality of partial regions to 30 μm or more with the adjustment ratio being 40% or less.
The shape of each of the plurality of partial regions may be a quadrangle instead of a circle. In this case, it is preferable that the length of the longest diagonal line of the quadrangle be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less due to a reason similar to the above reason.
The plurality of partial regions may be placed across the whole of the transparent electrode. In this case, a large pattern based on the presence of regions differing in reflectance in the transparent electrode is less likely to be created. Therefore, variations in reflectance are less likely to occur in the whole of the transparent electrode, so the invisibility of the transparent electrode is likely to be improved, which is preferable.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a transparent electrode member includes a base having a translucent property, a transparent electrode layer having a translucent property, and an insulating layer. The base has a first surface, on which the transparent electrode layer is provided. The transparent electrode layer is formed of a dispersion layer which includes a matrix made of an insulating material and conductive nanowires dispersed in the matrix such that the dispersion layer has a conductive portion having a first dispersion density of the conductive nanowires and at least one optical adjustment portion having a second dispersion density smaller than the first dispersion density, thereby forming an optical adjustment region in the dispersion layer. The transparent electrode layer includes (a) a plurality of first transparent electrodes arranged in a first direction, the first transparent electrodes having the optical adjustment region, (b) a first transparent wire provided between and electrically connecting two adjacent first transparent electrodes, the first transparent wire having a width smaller than a width of the first transparent electrodes viewed from a third direction normal to the first surface, and (c) a plurality of second transparent electrodes arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction such that the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are adjacent to one another viewed from the third direction, the second transparent electrodes having the optical adjustment region. The insulating layer is provided on the first surface of the base. The insulating layer includes (d) a first insulating region formed on at least part of a peripheral region surrounding a region in which the transparent electrode layer is formed, viewed from the third direction, and (e) a second insulating region formed between the first transparent wire and the second transparent electrodes adjacent thereto, and between the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes adjacent thereto, viewed from the third direction. The first transparent wire is formed of a non-adjustment region of the dispersion layer which includes the conductive portion and lacks the optical adjustment portion, and a part of the first transparent electrodes in a vicinity of the first transparent wire includes the non-adjustment region.
In the transparent electrode member described above, the first transparent wire and a part of the first transparent electrodes in the vicinity of the first transparent wire have a non-adjustment region, in which no optical adjustment portion is provided. Although the conductivity of the optical adjustment portions is relatively lowered, charges tend to concentrate in the region around the first transparent wire during usage. However, when the non-adjustment region is provided, it is possible to lower the possibility of the occurrence of a problem such as the blowout of the conductive nanowire due to charge concentration. In addition, even if no optical adjustment portion is provided in the first transparent wire, if the area of the first transparent wire is appropriately small, an influence on visibility can be lowered. Specifically, it is preferable for the width of the first transparent wire in a direction perpendicular to the first direction is smaller than the width of the first transparent electrodes in that direction.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a reflectivity of the insulating layer is smaller than a reflectivity of the conductive portion of the dispersion layer. The insulating layer may be made of the insulating material of which the matrix of the dispersion layer is made.
In the transparent electrode member described above, in a region around the region in which the first transparent wire is placed, i.e., in the vicinity of the first transparent wire, the second insulating regions of the insulating layer are likely to be positioned relatively closely to each other. Since the insulating layer positioned in the second insulating region is composed of the matrix (the same material), the reflectance of the insulating layer (the second insulating region thereof) is lower than the reflectance of the conductive portion. Thus, even if the first transparent wire and a part of the first transparent electrodes positioned in the region around the first transparent wire are not formed as the optical adjustment region so as to actively lower the reflectance of the transparent electrode layer in that region, the reflectance in the region as a whole is lower than that in other regions due to the existence of the insulating layer. Therefore, the non-adjustment region may be provided in the region around the first transparent wire.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a part of the second transparent electrodes in the vicinity of the first transparent wire may include the non-adjustment region. In addition, the transparent electrode member may further include a second transparent wire provided between and electrically connecting two adjacent second transparent electrodes. The second transparent wire may cross over the first transparent wire with an insulating material interposed therebetween in the third direction.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the at least one optical adjustment portion may be disposed within the conductive portion.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the at least one optical adjustment region may include a plurality of optical adjustment portions discretely disposed in the conductive portion.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a ratio of the optical adjustment portions per unit area of the transparent electrode in the optical adjustment region may be 40% or less.
As another aspect, the present invention provides a capacitive sensor that has the transparent electrode member described above and a detection unit that detects a change in capacitance generated between the transparent electrode and a manipulating body such as a finger of the manipulator. Since, in this capacitive sensor, the invisibility of the transparent electrode is high, it is possible to enhance the visibility of an image observed by the user through the capacitive sensor, and it is also possible to enhance display evenness.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a transparent electrode member that can improve the invisibility of the pattern of transparent electrode. Also, according to the present invention, a capacitive sensor that has the transparent electrode member is also provided.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, like elements are assigned like reference characters and detailed descriptions will be appropriately omitted.
As indicated in
The transparent electrode member 100 includes a transparent electrode 110 having a translucent property and an insulating layer 102, which are placed on a first surface S1, which is one surface of the base material 101.
The insulating layer 102 is placed in an insulating region IR positioned in at least part of the circumference of a region in which the transparent electrode 110 is placed, when viewed from the direction of the normal to the first surface S1.
The transparent electrode 110 has a dispersion layer DL. The dispersion layer DL includes a matrix MX composed of an insulating material and also includes conductive nanowires NW in the matrix MX, as illustrated in
The transparent electrode 110 has a region (specifically, a conductive region) CR composed of a conductive part 111, and also has regions (specifically, optical adjustment regions) AR, each of which has an optical adjustment part 112, when viewed from the direction of the normal to the first surface S1, as indicated in
In this structure, since conductive nanowires NW are dispersed in the matrix MX and are mutually linked in the dispersion layer DL that the transparent electrode 110 has, high conductivity can be attained when compared with other transparent electrode materials, particularly oxide-based conductive materials. However, since the conductive nanowire NW itself has no translucent property, a high dispersion density of the conductive nanowires NW in the dispersion layer DL causes the reflectance of the transparent electrode 110 to tend to become high. That is, since, in the transparent electrode 110 having the dispersion layer DL, the dispersion density of the conductive nanowires NW affects both conductivity and reflectance, there is a tradeoff between high conductivity and low reflectance. Therefore, when the transparent electrode 110 is structured so as to have the conductive region CR the conductivity of which is relatively high and also have the optical adjustment region AR the reflectance of which is relatively low, it is achieved to reduce the reflectance of the transparent electrode 110 and increase its invisibility while the conductivity of the transparent electrode 110 is maintained.
The reflectance of the optical adjustment region AR can be made lower than the reflectance of the conductive region CR without changing optical properties (such as a refractive index) other than the reflectance so much when compared with a case in which the transparent electrode has through-holes as described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2016-514873 and PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2010-157400. Therefore, when, for example, there is an image visually recognized through the transparent electrode member 100, the evenness of the display of the image can be enhanced. Furthermore, when the structure of the optical adjustment region AR is appropriately controlled, it is also possible to increase the conductivity of the optical adjustment region AR when compared with through-holes are formed in the transparent electrode 110. In this case, it is possible to increase the conductivity of the whole of the transparent electrode 110 and it is also possible to increase the area ratio of the optical adjustment regions AR in the transparent electrode 110. Therefore, when the optical adjustment regions AR are provided, it is achieved at a high order to increase the conductivity of the transparent electrode 110 and to increase its invisibility when compared with a case in which through-holes are provided.
It is preferable for the reflectance of the insulating region IR to be lower than the reflectance of the conductive region CR. In this case, the difference in reflectance between the insulating region IR and the transparent electrode 110, the reflectance of which has been lowered as a whole by providing the optical adjustment regions AR, becomes lower than when no optical adjustment part 112 is provided. Therefore, it becomes difficult to visually recognize the boundary between the transparent electrode 110 and the insulating region IR, so the invisibility of the transparent electrode 110 can be enhanced.
It is also preferable for the insulating layer 102 placed in the insulating region IR to include the matrix MX, which is one of the constituent elements of the dispersion layer DL. In this case, due to the sharing of the matrix MX, there is a proximity between the optical properties (such as a refractive index) of the optical adjustment part 112 other than the reflectance and the optical properties of the insulating layer 102. Therefore, when, for example, there is an image visually recognized through the transparent electrode member 100, the evenness of the display of the image is easily enhanced and the invisibility of the transparent electrode 110 can be more stably improved.
In the dispersion layer DL of the optical adjustment part 112 in the transparent electrode member 100, the dispersion density of conductive nanowires NW may be lowered to an extent in which an insulation property is still exhibited.
Although, in
In the transparent electrode member 100, the optical adjustment part 112 may have higher conductivity than the insulating layer 102.
Although, in
In the transparent electrode member 100, the optical adjustment regions AR are positioned in the conductive region CR as illustrated in
In the transparent electrode member 100, the area ratio (that is, the adjustment ratio) of the optical adjustment regions AR is not limited. It is sometimes preferable for the adjustment ratio to be 40% or less as will be described later. The conductivity of the optical adjustment part 112 tends to be relatively lowered as a tradeoff for lowering reflectance. With the transparent electrode member 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, however, even if the adjustment ratio is increased to about 40% to improve the invisibility of the transparent electrode 110, conductivity demanded for the transparent electrode 110 may be capable of being assured.
With the transparent electrode 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical adjustment regions AR occupy a plurality of partial regions that are discretely positioned in the conductive region CR. The optical adjustment region AR and conductive region CR have relatively different translucent properties. If the optical adjustment regions AR and conductive region CR form a large pattern separately, it is feared that the visibility of the pattern is increased depending on the shape of the pattern. Since the optical adjustment part 112 is a region with relatively low conductivity, if a collection of optical adjustment parts 112 is positioned in the transparent electrode 110, conductive paths meandering in the transparent electrode 110 may be formed. In this case, the conductivity of the transparent electrode 110 is lowered. Therefore, when partial regions composed of optical adjustment parts 112 with relatively low conductivity (that is, optical adjustment regions AR) are discretely placed in the conductive region CR as described above, it is suppressed that a pattern that is likely to be visually recognized is formed in the transparent electrode 110 and conductively is essentially lowered. If a plurality of transparent electrodes 110 are placed with insulating regions IR intervening between them as will be described later, since the reflectance of the insulating region IR positioned between transparent electrodes 110 differs from the reflectance of the conductive part 111 in the transparent electrode 110, the visibility of the insulating region IR may be increased. Even in this case, since optical adjustment regions AR are discretely placed in the conductive region CR of the transparent electrode 110, it is possible to improve the invisibility of the transparent electrode 110 placed in a state in which at least part of the transparent electrode 110 is enclosed by the insulating region.
It is sometimes preferable for the partial regions constituting the optical adjustment regions AR to be separated 30 μm or more from one another. That is, this separation distance denoted sd is the width of the conductive region CR positioned between optical adjustment parts 112 that are discretely placed, so the separation distance sd is the width of an individual conductive path in the transparent electrode 110. Therefore, when the separation distance sd is 30 μm or more, a drop in the conductivity of the transparent electrode 110 is stably suppressed.
When optical adjustment regions AR are discretely placed, the shape of each of a plurality of partial regions (that is, optical adjustment regions AR) may be a circle. The diameter of the circle may be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. To stably improve the invisibility of the transparent electrode 110, it is preferable that the shapes of the plurality of partial regions (that is, optical adjustment regions AR) described above be uniform in the transparent electrode 110. If the shape of this partial region (that is, the optical adjustment region AR) is a circle and its diameter is within the above range, it can be easily achieved to set the separation distance between the plurality of partial regions (that is, optical adjustment regions AR) to 30 μm or more with the adjustment ratio being 40% or less.
The shape of each of the plurality of partial regions (that is, optical adjustment regions AR) may be a quadrangle instead of a circle. In this case, it is preferable that the length of the longest diagonal line of the quadrangle be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less due to a reason similar to the above reason.
If the plurality of partial regions (that is, optical adjustment regions AR) are placed across the transparent electrode 110, as illustrated in
Even if no optical adjustment region AR is provided in the transparent wire 130 as illustrated in
A method, according to an embodiment of the present invention, of manufacturing a transparent electrode member is not limited. When a manufacturing method described next is used, it may be possible to efficiently manufacture the transparent electrode member according to an embodiment of the present invention and to manufacture a high-quality transparent electrode member.
An example of the method, according to an embodiment of the present invention, of manufacturing a transparent electrode member is a method of manufacturing the transparent electrode member 100 in the first structure described above.
First, a first laminated body 150 is prepared in which a layer in which silver nanowires AgNW, which are one type of conductive nanowires NW, are dispersed in the matrix MX is laminated on the first surface S1 of the base material 101 as the dispersion layer DL as illustrated in
Next, part of the dispersion layer DL of the first laminated body 150 is covered with a resist layer 160 (S102). A positive-type or negative-type photoresist or a film resist is formed on the dispersion layer DL. The photoresist is formed by one of various methods such as a roll coat method so that the photoresist has a film thickness of about 1 μm to 5 μm. When a film resist is used, it is formed so as to have a film thickness of about 20 μm. The photoresist is partially exposed by using a mask and an exposure machine. When a conductive layer exposed in a subsequent development process is developed by using an alkaline liquid such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), the resist layer 160 partially remains as illustrated in
Subsequently, a first region R1, which is not covered by the resist layer 160, in the dispersion layer DL is processed with an iodine liquid (S103). Due to this processing, at least part of silver nanowires AgNW present in the first region R1 is iodinated to a silver iodide SI as illustrated in
The iodine liquid used in this processing is an iodine iodide solution. For example, the iodine liquid is an iodine potassium iodide solution. The iodine potassium iodide solution is such that iodine is dissolved in a potassium iodide solution. A solution including 0.05 to 1.0 mass % iodine and 0.1 to 5.0 mass % potassium iodide is used.
When the first laminated body 150 in which the resist layer 160 is formed is immersed in the iodine potassium iodide solution for about 0.5 to 10 minutes, the solution infiltrates into the interior of the dispersion layer DL in regions that are not covered by the resist layer 160 and at least part of the silver nanowires AgNW is iodinated and is transformed to a silver iodide SI.
In the first region R1, since silver nanowires AgNW are iodinated, the area resistivity of the dispersion layer DL in that region is increased, resulting in a state in which an insulation function that is essentially electrical can be brought out.
However, if an iodine potassium iodide solution is used for processing, silver nanowires AgNW in the dispersion layer DL are iodinated in the first region R1, and whitish or white metallic compounds (including a silver iodide SI) is created.
Therefore, the first region R1 is processed with a thiosulfate solution (S104). Due to this processing, at least part of the silver iodide SI is removed from the first region R1 as illustrated in
Finally, the resist layer 160 is removed by using a resist stripping liquid (S105). As a result, the transparent electrode member 100 is obtained that has the insulative optical adjustment parts 112 and insulating layer 102 in the first region R1 and also has the conductive part 111 in the region that has been covered by the resist layer 160, as illustrated in
When this manufacturing method is used, the insulating layer 102 and optical adjustment parts 112 can be manufactured by one-time resist working. Therefore, the transparent electrode member 100 can be efficiently manufactured. Also, in the transparent electrode member 100 in the first structure, the optical properties of the insulating layer 102 and optical adjustment part 112 become equal. Therefore, patterns formed by the transparent electrode 110 and insulating regions IR become less likely to be visually recognized. Therefore, the transparent electrode member 100 with particularly high invisibility may be obtained when the transparent electrode member 100 is manufactured by the manufacturing method described above.
In this structure in which metallic compounds such as a silver iodide SI are removed from the front surface side of the dispersion layer DL (that is, on the side distant from the base material 101) and metallic compounds such as a silver iodide SI are left on the side close to the base material 101, the optical adjustment part 112 and conductive part 111 become more difficult to visually identify. Therefore, the invisibility of the transparent electrode member 100 is improved. If a manufacturing method similar to that for the optical adjustment part 112 is executed for the insulating layer 102 to form a similar structure, this is preferable in that the manufacturing process is simplified. This is also preferable in that the insulating layer 102 is less likely to be visually recognized from the conductive part 111 (that is, invisibility is improved).
Another example of the method, according to an embodiment of the present invention, of manufacturing of a transparent electrode member is a method of manufacturing the transparent electrode member 100 in the second structure described above.
First, the first laminated body 150 is prepared in which a layer in which silver nanowires AgNW, which are one type of conductive nanowires NW, are dispersed in the matrix MX is laminated on the first surface S1 of the base material 101 as the dispersion layer DL, as illustrated in
Next, part of the dispersion layer DL of the first laminated body 150 is covered with a first resist layer 161, as illustrated in
Subsequently, the first region R1, which is not covered by the first resist layer 161, in the dispersion layer DL is processed with an iodine liquid (S203). Details of this processing are similar to those in the method of manufacturing the transparent electrode member 100 in the first structure, so a description of this processing will be omitted. Due to this processing, at least part of silver nanowires AgNW present in the first region R1 is iodinated to a silver iodide SI as illustrated in
Furthermore, the first region R1 is processed with a thiosulfate solution (S204). Details of this processing are similar to those in the method of manufacturing the transparent electrode member 100 in the first structure, so a description of this processing will be omitted. Due to this processing, at least part of the silver iodide SI is removed from the first region R1 as illustrated in
Then, the first resist layer 161 is removed by using a resist stripping liquid (S205). As a result, an intermediate member 151 that has the insulating layer 102 in the first region R1 is obtained.
Subsequently, the transparent electrode member 100 is manufactured as the starting member of this intermediate member 151. First, a second region R2, which is part of the region that has been covered by the first resist layer 161 in the dispersion layer DL, is covered by the second resist layer 162, as illustrated in
Next, a third region R3, which is a region that has been covered by the first resist layer 161 but is not covered by the second resist layer 162, is processed with an iodine liquid (S207). At that time, although the first region R1 is also processed with the iodine liquid, silver nanowires AgNW have been appropriately removed from the dispersion layer DL positioned in this region, so this processing based on the iodine liquid does not affect the first region R1. Due to this processing, at least part of silver nanowires AgNW present in the third region R3 is iodinated to a silver iodide SI as illustrated in
Subsequently, the third region R3 is processed with a thiosulfate solution (S208). Due to this processing, at least part of the silver iodide SI is removed from the third region R3 as illustrated in
Finally, the second resist layer 162 is removed (S209). As a result, the transparent electrode member 100 is obtained in which the insulating layer 102 is provided in the first region R1, the conductive part 111 is provided in the second region R2, and the optical adjustment part 112 with conductivity higher than the conductivity of the insulating layer 102 and lower than the conductivity of the conductive part 111 is disposed in the third region R3, as illustrated in
When this manufacturing method is used, the optical adjustment part 112 with a certain level of conductivity can be manufactured. Therefore, the transparent electrode member 100 having the transparent electrode 110 with high conductivity can be manufactured. Also, when the manufacturing method described above is appropriately executed, silver nanowires AgNW present at a distance from the base material 101 in the dispersion layer DL can be preferentially removed. The silver nanowire AgNW in this portion in the dispersion layer DL the most affects visibility. In view of this, the optical adjustment part 112 with low reflectance and high conductivity may be formed. When the optical adjustment part 112 of this type is formed, the transparent electrode member 100 with higher conductivity and higher invisibility may be obtained.
To further enhance the invisibility of the transparent electrode member 100, it is preferable the insulating layer 102 and optical adjustment part 112 to have a structure in which metallic compounds such as a silver iodide SI are removed from the front surface side (that is, on the side distant from the base material 101) so that the insulating layer 102 and optical adjustment part 112 are essentially composed of the matrix MX and metallic compounds such as a silver iodide SI are dispersed in the matrix MX on the lower layer side of the front surface side (that is, on the side close to the base material 101), as indicated in
Upon the termination of the iodine liquid processing to form the insulating layer 102 (S203), by, for example, shortening time taken in processing based on a thiosulfate solution (S204), metallic compounds such as a silver iodide SI (see
Then, step S206 is performed for this intermediate member 151 and iodine liquid processing to form the optical adjustment part 112 (S207) is further performed. After that, by, for example, shortening time taken in processing based on a thiosulfate solution (S208), metallic compounds such as a silver iodide SI (see
The above transparent electrode member 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can be preferably used as a constituent element of a position sensor such as a capacitive sensor. A capacitive sensor having the transparent electrode member 100 will be described below.
As illustrated in
The base material 2 is formed from a glass base material or a transparent base material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which has a translucent property, in a film shape. The first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5 are disposed on a main surface 2a, which is one of the main surfaces of the base material 2. Details of this will be described below. As illustrated in
As represented in
As illustrated in
The first transparent electrode 4 and link 7 are formed from a material that has a translucent property and includes conductive nanowires. When a material including conductive nanowires is used, it is possible to achieve a high translucent property and low electric resistance for the first transparent electrode 4. Also, when a material including conductive nanowires is used, it is possible to improve the deformation performance of the capacitive sensor 1.
As illustrated in
The second electrode links 12 are placed in the detection region 11. Each second electrode link 12 has a plurality of second transparent electrodes 5. As indicated in
The second transparent electrode 5 is formed from a material that has a translucent property and includes conductive nanowires. The conductive nanowires are as described above in relation to the material of the first transparent electrode 4.
As illustrated in
The bridge wiring part 10 is formed from a material that has a translucent property and conductivity and includes an oxide material. As the oxide material that has a translucent property and conductivity, at least one selected from a group of an indium tin oxide (ITO) material, an indium zinc oxide (IZO) material, a gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) material, an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) material, and an fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) material is used.
Alternatively, the bridge wiring part 10 may have a first layer including an oxide material such as an ITO material and a second layer composed of a metal that has a lower resistance than the first layer and is transparent. Also, the bridge wiring part 10 may further have a third layer including an oxide material such as an ITO material. If the bridge wiring part 10 has a laminated structure of the first layer and second layer or a laminated structure of the first layer, second layer, and third layer, it is preferable that there be etching selectivity between a combination of the bridge wiring part 10 and the first transparent electrode 4 and a combination of the bridge wiring part 10 and the second transparent electrode 5.
As illustrated in
As indicated in
As indicated in
As illustrated in
The link 7 illustrated in
As illustrated in
On a printed wiring board (not illustrated) connected to this flexible printed circuit board, the detection unit (not illustrated) that detects a change in capacitance generated between the manipulating body and a transparent electrode (mainly, the first transparent electrode 4 or second transparent electrode 5) and the control unit (not illustrated) that calculates the position of the manipulating body according to a signal from the detection unit are mounted. Although not described in detail, an integrated circuit is used in the detection unit and control unit.
Each wiring part 6 is formed from a material that has a metal such as Cu, a Cu alloy, a CuNi alloy, Ni, Ag, Au, or the like. The connection wire 16, which is formed from a transparent conductive material such as an ITO material or metal nanowires, extends from the detection region 11 to the non-detection region 25. The wiring part 6 is laminated on the connection wire 16 in the non-detection region 25 and is electrically connected to the connection wire 16. Also, the capacitive sensor 1 may have a laminated wiring structure in which the dispersion layer DL having the same metal nanowires (a specific example is silver nanowires) as the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 continuously extends to the non-detection region 25 to form the connection wire 16 and, in the non-detection region 25, this connection wire 16 and a metal layer forming the wiring part 6 are laminated.
The wiring part 6 is disposed at a portion, on the front surface 2a of the base material 2, where the non-detection region 25 is positioned. The external connection part 27 is also disposed at a portion, on the front surface 2a of the base material 2, where the non-detection region 25 is positioned, as is the wiring part 6.
In
In the capacitive sensor 1 according to this embodiment, when a finger, which is an example of a manipulation body, is caused to come into contact with, for example, a surface 3a of the panel 3 as illustrated in
Alternatively, the capacitive sensor 1 may be of mutual capacitance detection type. Specifically, the capacitive sensor 1 may apply a driving voltage to any one of the first electrode link 8 and second electrode link 12, and may detect a change in capacitance between the finger and the other of the first electrode link 8 and the second electrode link 12. Thus, the capacitive sensor 1 detects the X direction of the position of the finger from one electrode link, and also detects the Y coordinate of the position of the finger from the other electrode link.
Here, when the difference between the reflectance of a conductive region including conductive nanowires and the reflectance of an insulating part including a gap becomes large, the difference between the conductive region and the insulting part becomes visually apparent. Then, the first transparent electrode and second transparent electrode become likely to be visually recognized as a pattern. If the capacitive sensor has a reflection preventing layer, a reflection reducing layer, or the like, the difference between the reflectance of the conductive region and the reflectance of the insulating part can be suppressed, but a facility to form the reflection preventing layer or reflection reducing layer needs to be added and process to manufacture the capacitive sensor are increased.
In the capacitive sensor 1 according to this embodiment, however, the first transparent electrode 4 has a plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41 placed apart from one another. Also, the second transparent electrode 5 has a plurality of second optical adjustment regions 51 placed apart from one another. Therefore, the first transparent electrodes 4 includes a conductive region including conductive nanowires and a plurality of regions (specifically, optical adjustment regions) formed by a plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41. Similarly, the second transparent electrode 5 includes a conductive region including conductive nanowires and a plurality of regions (specifically, optical adjustment regions) formed by a plurality of second optical adjustment regions 51. Therefore, in each of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5, a plurality of boundaries (specifically, inner boundaries) are present between the conductive region and the optical adjustment regions. Furthermore, a boundary (specifically, an outer boundary) is present between the first transparent electrode 4 and the insulating layer 21 and between the second transparent electrode 5 and the insulating layer 21.
Therefore, even if both inner boundaries and outer boundaries are visually recognized in a plan view of the capacitive sensor 1, it is suppressed that only the outer boundaries are emphasized. Therefore, the first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5 become difficult to visually recognize as patterns. Thus, the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5 can be improved.
Also, the first optical adjustment regions 41 are provided across the whole of the first transparent electrodes 4, and the second optical adjustment regions 51 are provided across the whole of the second transparent electrode 5. According to this, since the first optical adjustment regions 41 and second optical adjustment regions 51 are provided, it is possible to restrain the electric resistances of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from being excessively increased. It is also possible to restrain the first optical adjustment regions 41 and second optical adjustment regions 51 from being concentrated and thereby the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from being visually recognized easily as a pattern.
Also, the first distance between each two adjacent first optical adjustment regions 41 is constant, and the second distance between each two adjacent second optical adjustment regions 51 is constant. That is, the plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41 are evenly provided across the whole of the first transparent electrode 4, and the plurality of second optical adjustment regions 51 are evenly provided across the whole of the second transparent electrode 5. Therefore, it is possible to restrain the electric resistance of each of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from varying depending on the position and to restrain the electric resistances of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from being locally increased. Also, it is possible to restrain the first optical adjustment regions 41 and second optical adjustment regions 51 from being concentrated and thereby the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from being visually recognized easily as a pattern.
Also, the conductive nanowire included in the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 is at least one selected from a group of a gold nanowire, a silver nanowire, and a copper nanowire. According to this, it is possible to suppress the electric resistance of the first transparent electrode 4 including the first optical adjustment regions 41 and the electric resistance of the second transparent electrode 5 including the second optical adjustment regions 51 to a lower resistance than when an oxide material such as, for example, an ITO material is used as the material of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5.
A first transparent electrode 4A in this variation has a plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41A. The shape of the first optical adjustment region 41A is a quadrangle. The length D13 of the longest diagonal line of the first optical adjustment region 41A in a quadrangular shape is 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. Details of dimensions related to the first optical adjustment region 41A will be described later. In other respects, the structure of the first transparent electrode 4A is similar to the structure of the first transparent electrode 4 described above with reference to
A second transparent electrode 5A in this variation has a plurality of second optical adjustment regions 51A. The shape of the second optical adjustment region 51A is a quadrangle. The length D14 of the longest diagonal line of the second optical adjustment region 51A in a quadrangular shape is 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. Details of dimensions related to the second optical adjustment region 51A will be described later together with dimensions related to the first optical adjustment region 41A. In other respects, the structure of the second transparent electrode 5A is similar to the structure of the second transparent electrode 5 described above with reference to
As exemplified in this variation, the shape of each of the first optical adjustment region 41A and second optical adjustment region 51A may be a quadrangle without being limited only to a circle. Even in this case, according to the findings that the present inventor obtained, the optical properties such as the reflectance of each of the first transparent electrode 4A and second transparent electrode 5A are similar to the optical properties such as the reflectance of each of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 described above with reference to
As in the graph illustrated in
If the adjustment ratios of the first optical adjustment regions 41 in the first transparent electrode 4 and the second optical adjustment regions 51 in the second transparent electrode 5 are 40% or less, it is possible to improve the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5 and suppress the rise of the electric resistance of each of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5, making it possible to assure the performance of the capacitive sensor 1.
If the screen size of a terminal in which the capacitive sensor 1 according to this embodiment is mounted is about less than 4 inches, to assure the performance of the capacitive sensor 1, it is preferable for wiring resistance to be 30 kΩ, or less. In this case, according to the graph illustrated in
The present inventor studied the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5 when the width D3 and adjustment ratio were varied. In this study, the inventor made visual decisions on invisibility under conditions described below.
In this study, a sample was used in which a glass substrate is pasted to a sensor film on which transparent electrodes having optical adjustment parts are provided, with an optical transparent adhesive layer intervening between the glass substrate and the sensor film. A light source that emits light to the sample was a three-waveform type of daylight fluorescent lamp. The illumination of the light source was 1300 lux (lx). The distance (specifically, an inspection distance) between the sample and a visual position was 30 cm. The angle between the eye line and a straight line (specifically, the normal) perpendicular to the front surface of the sensor film or glass substrate was 0 degree or more and 45 degrees or less. A black board was placed on a side (specifically, rear side of the sample) opposite to the eye line.
An example of the results of the study is as illustrated in
As described above with reference to
The broken line in the graph illustrated in
According to the findings that the present inventor obtained, the lower limit of the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode formed from a material including silver nanowires is about 30 to 50Ω/□. Therefore, according to the graph illustrated in
Accordingly, in the conductive region of the first transparent electrode 4 having a plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41, it is preferable for a width of 30 μm or more to be assured. Therefore, as described above with reference to
According to this, even if a plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41 are provided in the first transparent electrode 4 including conductive nanowires and a plurality of second optical adjustment regions 51 are provided in the second transparent electrode 5 including conductive nanowires, since the width of the conductive region is narrow, it is possible to restrain the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from being broken.
The width D3 of the insulating layer 21 on the upper side is the same as the width D3 of the insulating layer 21 on the lower side. In the vicinity of the insulating layer 21 on the upper side of the two insulating layers 21 illustrated in
It was found that when the first optical adjustment region 41 and second optical adjustment region 51 are provided only in the vicinity of the insulating layer 21 as illustrated in
The present inventor studied a relationship between the wavelength of light and reflectance when the diameter of the optical adjustment part in a round shape (that is, a circular shape) was varied. In this study, the inventor used an ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer to measure the reflectance of the transparent electrodes. The measurement method was based on expanded reflection. Measured waveforms were 250 nm or more and 800 nm or less. A sample was used in which a cover member is pasted to a sensor film on which transparent electrodes having optical adjustment parts are provided, with an optical transparent adhesive layer intervening between the cover member and the sensor film. The cover member was EAGLE XG (registered trademark), from Corning Incorporated, that has a thickness of 0.5 mm.
An example of the results of the study is as illustrated in
According to the findings that the present inventor obtained, when the diameter of the optical adjustment part in the transparent electrode was more than 100 μm, it was visually confirmed that the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5 is lowered. Conditions for visual confirmation were as described above with reference to
According to this, it is possible to restrain the reflectance of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5 from being increased because the diameter D11 of the first optical adjustment region 41 and the diameter D12 of the second optical adjustment region 51 are too small and to assure the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4 and second transparent electrodes 5. It is also possible to restrain the inner boundaries from being easily viewed because the diameter D11 of the first optical adjustment region 41 and the diameter D12 of the second optical adjustment region 51 are too large and to assure the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrode 4 and second transparent electrode 5.
The present inventor studied a relationship between the wavelength of light and reflectance when the shape of the optical adjustment part was round (that is, circular) and when the shape was quadrangular. The method of measuring reflectance was as described above with reference to
An example of the results of the study is as illustrated in
According to this, it is possible to restrain the reflectance of the first transparent electrode 4A and second transparent electrode 5A from being increased because the length D13 of the first optical adjustment region 41A and the length D14 of the second optical adjustment region 51A are too short and to assure the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4A and second transparent electrodes 5A. It is also possible to restrain the inner boundaries from being easily viewed because the length D13 of the first optical adjustment region 41A and the length D14 of the second optical adjustment region 51A are too long and to assure the invisibility of the patterns of the first transparent electrodes 4A and second transparent electrodes 5A.
This variation is similar to the example illustrated in
A dummy region IF, which is electrically insulted from both the first transparent electrode 4B and the second transparent electrode 5B by the insulating layers 21, is provided between the first transparent electrode 4B and the second transparent electrode 5B so as to be enclosed by the insulating layers 21. The dummy region IF has a dummy conductive region CR1 having a structure in common with the conductive region CR in the first transparent electrode 4B and second transparent electrode 5B, that is, a structure in which conductive nanowires are dispersed in an insulating material that functions as a matrix. When the dummy region IF of this type is provided, the separation distance between the first transparent electrode 4B and the second transparent electrode 5B in an XY plane can be changed with an influence on invisibility suppressed. When the separation distance between these electrodes is changed, capacitance between electrodes can be adjusted.
To lower the visibility of the dummy region IF, a plurality of dummy optical adjustment regions AR1 in a substantially circular shape are placed in the dummy conductive region CR1 in the dummy region IF so as to be mutually discrete in a plan view, as in the first optical adjustment region 41B and second optical adjustment region 51B. The dummy optical adjustment region AR1 is formed by a method similar to the method for the first optical adjustment region 41B and second optical adjustment region 51B (specifically, the method in which conductive nanowires are removed from the insulating material that functions as a matrix at least on the front surface part). The dummy optical adjustment region AR1 has a structure in common with the first optical adjustment region 41B and second optical adjustment region 51B.
As will be described next, the visibility of the dummy region IF can be lowered by appropriately placing the dummy optical adjustment regions AR1 in the dummy region IF. Thus, if the length of the dummy region IF in a direction in which the first transparent electrode 4B and second transparent electrode 5B are separated by the dummy region IF, that is, the width Wf of the dummy region IF, is 70 μm or more, it is preferable for the dummy optical adjustment region AR1 having a predetermined shape (exemplified by a circle, a quadrangle, or the like) to be placed. If the width Wf of the dummy region IF is 80 μm or more, it is more preferable for the dummy optical adjustment region AR1 to be placed. If the width Wf of the dummy region IF is 90 μm or more, it is further preferable for the dummy optical adjustment region AR1 to be placed. If the width Wf of the dummy region IF is 100 μm or more, it is particularly preferable for the dummy optical adjustment region AR1 to be placed.
If the width Wf of the dummy region IF is less than 100 μm, the dummy region IF does not have the dummy optical adjustment region AR1. That is, it is sometimes preferable for the dummy region IF to be composed of the dummy conductive region CR1. If the width Wf of the dummy region IF is less than 70 μm, particularly 60 μm or less, it is preferable for the dummy region IF to be composed of the dummy conductive region CR1. The minimum value of the width Wf of the dummy region IF is appropriately determined according to, for example, the settings of a semiconductor device (IC) that drives the capacitive sensor 1. In non-limiting exemplary examples, the width Wf of the dummy region IF may be 30 μm or more, may be 40 μm or more, and may be 50 μm or more.
As indicated in
Df>0
Thus, since the insulating layer 21 and dummy optical adjustment region AR1 are not in direct contact with each other, that is, the dummy optical adjustment region AR1 has no portion contiguous to the insulating layer 21, the invisibility of the insulating layer 21 can be maintained. It is preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 10 μm or more; it is more preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 20 μm or more; it is particularly preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 30 μm or more. However, if the minimum separation distance Df becomes excessively large, the invisibility of the dummy region IF may tend to drop because of the nonexistence of the dummy optical adjustment area AR1. Therefore, it is preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 100 μm or less, it is more preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 90 μm or less, it is further preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 80 μm or less, and it is particularly preferable for the minimum separation distance Df to be 70 μm or less.
It is preferable for the placement density of dummy optical adjustment regions AR1 in the dummy region IF to have a relationship to the placement density of first optical adjustment regions 41B in the first optical adjustment region 41B and the placement density of second optical adjustment regions 51B in the second optical adjustment region 51B. As described above, the first optical adjustment regions 41B are evenly placed in the first transparent electrode 4B, and the second optical adjustment regions 51B are evenly placed in the second transparent electrode 5B. There is an essential match between the placement of first optical adjustment regions 41B in the first transparent electrode 4B and the placement of second optical adjustment regions 51B in the second transparent electrode 5B so that the first transparent electrode 4B and second transparent electrode 5B have similar visibility. In the description below, therefore, the placement of first optical adjustment regions 41B in the first transparent electrode 4B and the placement of dummy optical adjustment regions AR1 in the dummy region IF will be compared.
The separation distance (inter-closest-region separation distance) D0 between each two of a plurality of first optical adjustment regions 41B placed in the first transparent electrode 4B, the two being placed at the closest positions the distance of which is shortest in a plan view, is the difference (P0−L0) between a pitch P0 between the two first optical adjustment regions 41B at the closest positions and the length of each first optical adjustment region 41B in the array direction. It is preferable for this inter-closest-region separation distance D0 to satisfy the following relation to the minimum separation distance Df described above:
0.5Df/D0≤2.5
Since Df/D0 (separation ratio) is in the above range, the invisibility of the dummy region IF can be stably assured. To more stably assure the invisibility of the dummy region IF, it is sometimes preferable for the separation ratio Df/D0 to be 0.7 or more and 2.0 or less and it is sometimes more preferable for the separation ratio Df/D0 to be 0.7 or more and 1.3 or less.
A relationship that satisfies the following equation is preferably present between the area ratio (electrode adjustment ratio) AA0 (unit: %) of a region composed of first optical adjustment regions 41B in the first transparent electrode 4B and the area ratio (dummy adjustment ratio) AAf (unit: %) of a region composed of dummy optical adjustment areas AR1 in the dummy region IF:
AAf/AA0<1
That is, it is preferable for the dummy adjustment ratio AAf to be lower than the electrode adjustment ratio AA0. Insulating layers 21 with the predetermined width Wi are positioned so as to enclose the dummy region IF. In consideration of this, therefore, if the dummy adjustment ratio AAf is set so as to be lower than the electrode adjustment ratio AA0, superior invisibility can be attained. To more stably achieve superior invisibility, it is sometimes preferable for AAf/AA0 (adjustment area ratio) to be 0.3 or more and 0.95 or less and it is sometimes more preferable for AAf/AA0 to be 0.6 or more and 0.9 or less.
Descriptions will be given below with specific examples.
The optical adjustment regions (specifically, first optical adjustment region 41B and second optical adjustment region 51B) in the transparent electrodes (specifically, first transparent electrode 4B and second transparent electrode 5B) are each in a circular shape with a diameter of 35 μm in a plan view, and are evenly placed in the transparent electrodes. Specifically, the arrangement pitch P0 between each two optical adjustment parts that are the closet arranged is 68 μm. Therefore, the inter-closest-region separation distance D0 is 33 μm. The width Wf of the dummy region IF separated from the transparent electrodes (specifically, first transparent electrode 4B and second transparent electrode 5B) by the insulating layers 21 with the width Wi is 180 μm. Conditions for visual confirmation are as described above.
In the detection region 11 according to a first example illustrated in
In the detection region 11 according to a second example illustrated in
In the detection region 11 according to a third example illustrated in
In the detection region 11 according to a first comparative illustrated in
In the detection region 11 according to a second comparative illustrated in
So far, an embodiment and its application examples have been described above. However, present invention is not limited to these examples. For example, the scope of the present invention also includes embodiments obtained as a result of adding or deleting constituent elements to or from the embodiment described above or its application examples, performing design changes to the embodiment or its application examples, or appropriately combining features in the embodiment as long as the obtained embodiments are within the intended scope of the present invention; the additions, deletions, design changes, or combination is effected by a person having ordinary skill in the art.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016-235395 | Dec 2016 | JP | national |
| JP2017-224622 | Nov 2017 | JP | national |
This application is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/381,941 filed on Apr. 11, 2019, which is a Continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2017/042430 filed on Nov. 27, 2017, which claims benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-235395 filed on Dec. 2, 2016 and No. 2017-224622 filed on Nov. 22, 2017. The entire contents of each application noted above are hereby incorporated by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20200133416 A1 | Apr 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16381941 | Apr 2019 | US |
| Child | 16725895 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2017/042430 | Nov 2017 | US |
| Child | 16381941 | US |
