Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B60Vehicles B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES

B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions

B60T8/17Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking B60T8/1701Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles B60T8/1703for aircrafts B60T8/1705for rail vehicles B60T8/1706for single-track vehicles B60T8/1708for lorries or tractor-trailer combinations B60T8/171Detecting parameters used in the regulation Measuring values used in the regulation B60T8/172Determining control parameters used in the regulation B60T8/1725Using tyre sensors B60T8/173Eliminating or reducing the effect of unwanted signals B60T8/174characterised by using special control logic B60T8/175Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel spin during vehicle acceleration B60T8/1755Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle B60T8/17551determining control parameters related to vehicle stability used in the regulation B60T8/17552responsive to the tire sideslip angle or the vehicle body slip angle B60T8/17554specially adapted for enhancing stability around the vehicles longitudinal axle B60T8/17555specially adapted for enhancing driver or passenger comfort B60T8/17557specially adapted for lane departure prevention B60T8/17558specially adapted for collision avoidance or collision mitigation B60T8/176Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration B60T8/1761responsive to wheel or brake dynamics B60T8/17613based on analogue circuits or digital circuits comprised of discrete electronic elements B60T8/17616Microprocessor-based systems B60T8/1763responsive to the coefficient of friction between the wheels and the ground surface B60T8/17633based on analogue circuits or digital circuits comprised of discrete electronic elements B60T8/17636Microprocessor-based systems B60T8/1764Regulation during travel on surface with different coefficients of friction B60T8/1766Proportioning of brake forces according to vehicle axle loads B60T8/1769specially adapted for vehicles having more than one driven axle B60T8/18responsive to vehicle weight or load B60T8/1806characterised by the calibration process or the means therefor B60T8/1812characterised by the means for pressure reduction B60T8/1818Lever mechanism B60T8/1825Means for changing the diaphragm area submitted to pressure B60T8/1831pressure reducing or limiting valves B60T8/1837characterised by the load-detecting arrangements B60T8/1843Arrangements for detecting air spring pressure B60T8/185Arrangements for detecting vehicle level B60T8/1856Arrangements for detecting suspension spring load B60T8/1862comprising sensors of the type providing a fluid output signal representing the load on the vehicle suspension B60T8/1868comprising sensors of the type providing a mechanical output signal representing the load on the vehicle suspension B60T8/1875comprising sensors of the type providing an electrical output signal representing the load on the vehicle suspension B60T8/1881characterised by failure-responsive means B60T8/1887especially adapted for tractor-trailer combinations B60T8/1893especially adapted for railway vehicles B60T8/24responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction B60T8/241Lateral vehicle inclination B60T8/243for roll-over protection B60T8/245Longitudinal vehicle inclination B60T8/246Change of direction B60T8/248Trailer sway B60T8/26characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels B60T8/261specially adapted for use in motorcycles B60T8/262using valves with stepped characteristics B60T8/263for pneumatic brake systems B60T8/265for hydraulic brake systems B60T8/266using valves or actuators with external control means B60T8/267for hybrid systems with different kind of brakes on different axles B60T8/268using the valves of an ABS, ASR or ESP system B60T8/28responsive to deceleration B60T8/282using ball and ramp B60T8/285using horizontal moving mass B60T8/287using pendulums B60T8/30responsive to load B60T8/303using pneumatic valves B60T8/306using hydraulic valves B60T8/32responsive to a speed condition B60T8/3205acceleration B60T8/321deceleration B60T8/3215Systems characterised by having means acting on components of the drive line B60T8/322Systems specially adapted for vehicles driven by more than one axle B60T8/3225Systems specially adapted for single-track vehicles B60T8/323Systems specially adapted for tractor-trailer combinations B60T8/3235Systems specially adapted for rail vehicles B60T8/324Speed measurement by means of centrifugal governers or the like B60T8/3245responsive to the speed difference between wheels and rail, or between two wheels or two axles B60T8/325Systems specially adapted for aircraft B60T8/3255Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data B60T8/326Hydraulic systems B60T8/3265with control of the booster B60T8/327Pneumatic systems B60T8/3275Systems with a braking assistant function B60T8/328Systems sharing components with other fluid systems onboard the vehicle B60T8/3285the other fluid systems being suspension elements B60T8/329Systems characterised by their speed sensor arrangements B60T8/3295Systems in which there is a pulsating signal superposed on the command signal B60T8/34having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition B60T8/341Systems characterised by their valves B60T8/342Pneumatic systems B60T8/343Systems characterised by their lay-out B60T8/344Hydraulic systems B60T8/345having more than one brake circuit per wheel B60T8/3462 Channel systems B60T8/3473 Channel systems B60T8/3484 Channel systems B60T8/349Systems adapted to control a set of axles B60T8/36including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force B60T8/3605wherein the pilot valve is mounted in a circuit controlling the working fluid system B60T8/361wherein the pilot valve is mounted in a circuit controlling an auxiliary fluid system B60T8/3615Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems B60T8/362in pneumatic systems B60T8/3625having at least one vacuum connection B60T8/363in hydraulic systems B60T8/3635switching between more than two connections B60T8/364switching between a number of discrete positions as a function of the applied signal B60T8/3645having more than one electromagnetic coil inside a common housing B60T8/365combining a plurality of functions in one unit B60T8/3655Continuously controlled electromagnetic valves B60T8/366Valve details B60T8/3665Sliding valves B60T8/367Seat valves B60T8/3675integrated in modulator units B60T8/368combined with other mechanical components B60T8/3685characterised by the mounting of the modulator unit onto the vehicle B60T8/369Valves using piezo-electric elements B60T8/3695wherein the pilot valve is mounted separately from its power section B60T8/38including valve means of the relay or driver controlled type B60T8/40comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid B60T8/4004Repositioning the piston(s) of the brake control means by means of a fluid pressurising means in order to reduce the brake pressure B60T8/4009the brake control means being the wheel cylinders B60T8/4013Fluid pressurising means for more than one fluid circuit B60T8/4018Pump units characterised by their drive mechanisms B60T8/4022Pump units driven by an individual electric motor B60T8/4027Pump units driven by (parts of) the vehicle propulsion unit B60T8/4031Pump units characterised by their construction or mounting B60T8/4036Pump units characterised by their failure-responsive means B60T8/404Control of the pump unit B60T8/4045involving ON/OFF switching B60T8/405involving the start-up phase B60T8/4054involving the delivery pressure control B60T8/4059involving the rate of delivery B60T8/4063involving the direction of fluid flow B60T8/4068the additional fluid circuit comprising means for attenuating pressure pulsations B60T8/4072Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking B60T8/4077Systems in which the booster is used as an auxiliary pressure source B60T8/4081Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input B60T8/4086the stroke simulating device being connected to, or integrated in the driver input device B60T8/409characterised by details of the stroke simulating device B60T8/4095including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition B60T8/42having expanding chambers for controlling pressure B60T8/4208Debooster systems B60T8/4216having a mechanically actuated expansion unit B60T8/4225having a fluid actuated expansion unit B60T8/4233with brake pressure relief by introducing fluid pressure into the expansion unit B60T8/4241pneumatically B60T8/425using a vacuum B60T8/4258with brake pressure relief by creating vacuum inside the expansion unit B60T8/4266having an electro-mechanically actuated expansion unit B60T8/4275Pump-back systems B60T8/4283having a pressure sensitive inlet valve B60T8/4291having means to reduce or eliminate pedal kick-back B60T8/44co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device B60T8/441using hydraulic boosters B60T8/442the booster being a fluid return pump B60T8/443using compressed air B60T8/444using vacuum B60T8/445replenishing the released brake fluid volume into the brake piping B60T8/446replenishing the released brake fluid volume via the master cylinder B60T8/447Reducing the boost of the power-assist booster means to reduce brake pressure B60T8/448the power-assist booster means being a vacuum or compressed air booster B60T8/449of the multiple booster type B60T8/46the pressure being reduced by exhausting fluid B60T8/48connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure B60T8/4809Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems B60T8/4818in pneumatic brake systems B60T8/4827in hydraulic brake systems B60T8/4836wherein a booster output pressure is used for normal or anti lock braking B60T8/4845using a booster or a master cylinder for traction control B60T8/4854pneumatic boosters B60T8/4863closed systems B60T8/4872pump-back systems B60T8/4881having priming means B60T8/489using separate traction control modulators B60T8/50having means for controlling the rate at which pressure is reapplied to or released from the brake B60T8/5006Pressure reapplication by pulsing of valves B60T8/5012Pressure reapplication using a plurality of valves in parallel B60T8/5018Pressure reapplication using restrictions B60T8/5025in hydraulic brake systems B60T8/5031open systems B60T8/5037closed systems B60T8/5043debooster systems B60T8/505Pressure reapplication in a mu-split situation B60T8/5056Pressure reapplication using memory devices B60T8/5062using memory chambers B60T8/5068having decay means B60T8/5075Pressure release by pulsing of valves B60T8/5081Pressure release using a plurality of valves in parallel B60T8/5087Pressure release using restrictions B60T8/5093in hydraulic brake systems B60T8/52Torque sensing B60T8/54by mechanical means B60T8/56having means for changing the coefficient of friction B60T8/58responsive to speed and another condition or to plural speed conditions B60T8/72responsive to a difference between a speed condition B60T8/74sensing a rate of change of velocity B60T8/76two or more sensing means from different wheels indicative of the same type of speed condition B60T8/86wherein the brakes are automatically applied in accordance with a speed condition and having means for overriding the automatic braking device when a skid condition occurs B60T8/88with failure responsive means B60T8/885using electrical circuitry B60T8/90using a simulated speed signal to test speed responsive control means B60T8/92automatically taking corrective action B60T8/94on a fluid pressure regulator B60T8/96on speed responsive control means