General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B29Plastic substance processing B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS SHAPING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS

B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts

B29C66/001Joining in special atmospheres B29C66/0012characterised by the type of environment B29C66/0014Gaseous environments B29C66/00141Protective gases B29C66/00143Active gases B29C66/00145Vacuum B29C66/0016Liquid environments B29C66/0018being sterile B29C66/002Removing toxic gases B29C66/003Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating B29C66/004Preventing sticking together B29C66/0042of the joining tool and the parts to be joined B29C66/0044using a separating sheet B29C66/00441movable B29C66/0046by the use of a lubricant B29C66/00461being liquid B29C66/00463being solid B29C66/005Detaching the article from the joining tool B29C66/006Preventing damaging B29C66/0062of the joining tool B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding B29C66/022Mechanical pre-treatments B29C66/0222without removal of material B29C66/0224with removal of material B29C66/02241Cutting B29C66/02242Perforating or boring B29C66/02245Abrading B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating B29C66/0244Cooling B29C66/0246Cutting or perforating B29C66/026Chemical pre-treatments B29C66/028Non-mechanical surface pre-treatments B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area B29C66/032Mechanical after-treatments B29C66/0322Post-pressing without reshaping B29C66/0324Reforming or reshaping the joint B29C66/03241Flattening B29C66/03242of sheets being positioned in abutment B29C66/0326Cutting B29C66/034Thermal after-treatments B29C66/0342Cooling B29C66/0344Annealing B29C66/0346Cutting or perforating B29C66/038Covering the joint by a coating material B29C66/0382the coating material being in liquid or paste form B29C66/0384the coating material being in tape, strip or band form B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations B29C66/10particular design of the joint cross-sections B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment B29C66/112Single lapped joints B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints B29C66/114Single butt joints B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints B29C66/116Single bevelled joints B29C66/1162Single bevel to bevel joints B29C66/118Single monotone curved joints B29C66/1182the joint being C-shaped B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments B29C66/1222comprising at least a lapped joint-segment B29C66/12221the two joint-segments being lapped B29C66/1224comprising at least a butt joint-segment B29C66/12241the two joint-segments being butt B29C66/1226comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment B29C66/12261the two joint-segments being bevelled B29C66/1228comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment B29C66/12281the two joint-segments being monotone curved B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints B29C66/1242comprising interlocking undercuts B29C66/12421Teardrop-like, waterdrop-like or mushroom-like interlocking undercuts B29C66/12423Dovetailed interlocking undercuts B29C66/12425Other specific interlocking undercuts not provided for in B29C66/12421 - B29C66/12423 B29C66/1244characterised by the male part B29C66/12441being a single wall B29C66/12443having the tongue substantially in the middle B29C66/12445having the tongue on the side B29C66/12449being asymmetric B29C66/1246characterised by the female part B29C66/12461being rounded B29C66/12463being tapered B29C66/12464being V-shaped B29C66/12469being asymmetric B29C66/1248Interpenetrating groove joints B29C66/126Tenon and mortise joints B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections B29C66/1282comprising at least one overlap joint-segment B29C66/12821comprising at least two overlap joint-segments B29C66/12822comprising at least three overlap joint-segments B29C66/1284comprising at least one butt joint-segment B29C66/12841comprising at least two butt joint-segments B29C66/12842comprising at least three butt joint-segments B29C66/1286comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment B29C66/12861comprising at least two bevelled joint-segments B29C66/12862comprising at least three bevelled joint-segments B29C66/1288comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment B29C66/12881comprising at least two monotone curved joint-segments B29C66/12882comprising at least three monotone curved joint-segments B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12 B29C66/131Single flanged joints B29C66/1312Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid B29C66/133Fin-type joints, the parts to be joined being flexible B29C66/135Single hemmed joints B29C66/1352Single hem to hem joints B29C66/137Beaded-edge joints or bead seals B29C66/139Interpenetrating fingered joints B29C66/14the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined B29C66/20particular design of the joint lines B29C66/21said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes B29C66/22said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns B29C66/221being in the form of a sinusoidal wave B29C66/223being in the form of a triangle wave or of a sawtooth wave B29C66/225being castellated B29C66/227being in the form of repetitive interlocking undercuts B29C66/2272Teardrop-like, waterdrop-like or mushroom-like interlocking undercuts B29C66/2274Dovetailed interlocking undercuts B29C66/2276Other specific local geometries of interlocking undercuts not provided for in B29C66/2272 - B29C66/2274 B29C66/229Other specific patterns not provided for in B29C66/221 - B29C66/227 B29C66/23said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations B29C66/232said joint lines being multiple and parallel B29C66/234said joint lines being in the form of tessellations B29C66/24said joint lines being closed or non-straight B29C66/242said joint lines being closed B29C66/2422being circular, oval or elliptical B29C66/24221being circular B29C66/24223being oval B29C66/24225being elliptical B29C66/2424being a closed polygonal chain B29C66/24241forming a triangle B29C66/24243forming a quadrilateral B29C66/24244forming a rectangle B29C66/24245forming a square B29C66/24249forming a specific polygon not provided for in B29C66/24241 - B29C66/24243 B29C66/244said joint lines being non-straight B29C66/2442in the form of a single arc of circle B29C66/246said joint lines forming figures B29C66/301Three-dimensional joints B29C66/302the area to be joined comprising melt initiators B29C66/3022said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined B29C66/30221said melt initiators being point-like B29C66/30223said melt initiators being rib-like B29C66/3024said melt initiators being non-integral with the parts to be joined B29C66/303the joint involving an anchoring effect B29C66/3032making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined B29C66/30321making use of protusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined B29C66/30322in the form of rugosity B29C66/30325making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined B29C66/30326in the form of porosity B29C66/3034making use of additional elements B29C66/30341non-integral with the parts to be joined B29C66/304Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article B29C66/305Decorative or coloured joints B29C66/306Applying a mark during joining B29C66/3062in the form of letters or numbers B29C66/30621in the form of letters B29C66/30623in the form of numbers B29C66/32Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr B29C66/322Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr B29C66/324Avoiding burr formation B29C66/3242on the inside of a tubular or hollow article B29C66/326Shaping the burr B29C66/3262as after-treatment B29C66/328Leaving the burrs unchanged for providing particular properties to the joint B29C66/3282for reinforcing the joint B29C66/3284for weakening the joint B29C66/341Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer B29C66/342Preventing air-inclusions B29C66/343Making tension-free or wrinkle-free joints B29C66/3432by holding the material loose or tension-free during joining B29C66/344Stretching or tensioning the joint area during joining B29C66/345Progressively making the joint B29C66/3452Making complete joints by combining partial joints B29C66/346Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area B29C66/3462by differentially heating the zones of different thickness B29C66/3464by preheating B29C66/347using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients B29C66/3472in the plane of the joint B29C66/3474perpendicular to the plane of the joint B29C66/348Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area B29C66/349Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot B29C66/3492by means placed on the side opposed to the welding tool B29C66/3494while keeping the welding zone under pressure B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves B29C66/4312for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles B29C66/43121Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles B29C66/43122Closing the top of gable top containers B29C66/43123Closing the ends of squeeze tubes B29C66/43129said flat seams being transversal but non-orthogonal with respect to the tubular or hollow articles B29C66/432for making tubular articles or closed loops B29C66/4322by joining a single sheet to itself B29C66/4324for making closed loops B29C66/4326for making hollow articles or hollow-preforms B29C66/4329the joint lines being transversal but non-orthogonal with respect to the axis of said tubular articles B29C66/433Casing-in B29C66/4332by folding a sheet over B29C66/434Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections B29C66/4342Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections B29C66/43421with a right angle B29C66/4344Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections B29C66/43441with two right angles B29C66/4346Joining substantially flat articles for forming cross connections B29C66/43461with four right angles B29C66/435Making large sheets by joining smaller ones or strips together B29C66/436Joining sheets for making articles comprising cushioning or padding materials, the weld being performed through the cushioning material B29C66/437Joining plastics plates for making venetian blinds B29C66/438Joining sheets for making hollow-walled, channelled structures or multi-tubular articles B29C66/439Joining sheets for making inflated articles without using a mould B29C66/45Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles B29C66/452the article having a disc form B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces B29C66/472said single elements being substantially flat B29C66/4722Fixing strips to surfaces other than edge faces B29C66/4724said single elements being appliques B29C66/474said single elements being substantially non-flat B29C66/4742said single elements being spouts B29C66/47421said spouts comprising flanges B29C66/49Internally supporting the B29C66/492using a fluid B29C66/494using an inflatable core B29C66/496using a support which remains in the joined object B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements B29C66/522Joining tubular articles B29C66/5221for forming coaxial connections B29C66/52211for making endless tubular articles B29C66/5223for forming corner connections or elbows B29C66/52231with a right angle B29C66/5224for forming fork-shaped connections B29C66/52241with two right angles B29C66/5225for forming cross-shaped connections B29C66/52251with four right angles B29C66/5227for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall ( B29C66/52271one tubular article being placed inside the other B29C66/52272concentrically B29C66/5229involving the use of a socket B29C66/52291said socket comprising a stop B29C66/52292said stop being internal B29C66/52293said stop being external B29C66/52294said stop being heated B29C66/52295said socket comprising reinforcements B29C66/52296said socket comprising sealing elements B29C66/52297said socket comprising slip-off prevention means B29C66/52298said socket being composed by several elements B29C66/524Joining profiled elements B29C66/5241for forming coaxial connections B29C66/5243for forming corner connections B29C66/52431with a right angle B29C66/5244for forming fork-shaped connections B29C66/52441with two right angles B29C66/5245for forming cross-shaped connections B29C66/52451with four right angles B29C66/526Joining bars B29C66/5261for forming coaxial connections B29C66/5263for forming corner connections B29C66/52631with a right angle B29C66/5264for forming fork-shaped connections B29C66/52641with two right angles B29C66/5265for forming cross-shaped connections B29C66/52651with four right angles B29C66/5268characterised by their solid cross sections being non-circular B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars B29C66/5324said single elements being substantially annular B29C66/53241said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles B29C66/53242said single elements being spouts B29C66/53243said spouts comprising flanges B29C66/53245said articles being hollow B29C66/53246said single elements being spouts B29C66/53247said spouts comprising flanges B29C66/5326said single elements being substantially flat B29C66/53261Enclosing tubular articles between substantially flat elements B29C66/53262Enclosing spouts between the walls of bags B29C66/53263said spouts comprising wings B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars B29C66/5342a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined single elements and the end of said tubular or hollow articles B29C66/53421said substantially flat extra element being flexible B29C66/53423said substantially flat extra element being rigid B29C66/53425said substantially flat extra element being perforated B29C66/5344said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length B29C66/5346said single elements being substantially flat B29C66/53461joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies B29C66/53462joining substantially flat covers and substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies B29C66/53465said single flat elements being provided with holes facing the tube ends B29C66/536Joining substantially flat single elements to hollow articles to form tubular articles B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms B29C66/541a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms B29C66/5412said substantially flat extra element being flexible B29C66/5414said substantially flat extra element being rigid B29C66/5416said substantially flat extra element being perforated B29C66/542joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies B29C66/543joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles B29C66/5432joining hollow covers and hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies B29C66/545one hollow-preform being placed inside the other B29C66/5452joining hollow bottoms to bottom of bottles B29C66/547Joining several hollow-preforms B29C66/5472for making elbows or V-shaped pieces B29C66/54721for making L-shaped pieces B29C66/5474for making fork-shaped pieces, i.e. with 3 branches B29C66/54741for making T-shaped pieces B29C66/5476for making cross-shaped pieces B29C66/54761for making +-shaped pieces B29C66/549said hollow-preforms being interconnected during their moulding process B29C66/55sealing elements being incorporated into the joints B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside B29C66/612Making circumferential joints B29C66/63Internally supporting the article during joining B29C66/632using a fluid B29C66/634using an inflatable core B29C66/636using a support which remains in the joined object B29C66/65with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool B29C66/652moving the welding tool around the fixed article B29C66/69General aspects of joining filaments B29C66/70characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material B29C66/71characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined B29C66/712the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part B29C66/72characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials B29C66/7212characterised by the composition of the fibres B29C66/7214characterised by the length of the fibres B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths B29C66/723being multi-layered B29C66/7232comprising a non-plastics layer B29C66/72321consisting of metals or their alloys B29C66/72322consisting of elements other than metals B29C66/72323Carbon B29C66/72324consisting of inorganic materials not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72322 B29C66/72325Ceramics B29C66/72326Glass B29C66/72327consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324 B29C66/72328Paper B29C66/72329Wood B29C66/7234comprising a barrier layer B29C66/72341for gases B29C66/72343for liquids B29C66/725being hollow-walled or honeycombs B29C66/7252hollow-walled B29C66/72521comprising corrugated cores B29C66/72523multi-channelled or multi-tubular B29C66/72525comprising honeycomb cores B29C66/7254honeycomb structures B29C66/727being porous B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics B29C66/7292coated B29C66/7294Non woven mats B29C66/72941coated B29C66/73characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset B29C66/731characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined B29C66/7311Thermal properties B29C66/73111Thermal expansion coefficient B29C66/73112of different thermal expansion coefficient B29C66/73113Thermal conductivity B29C66/73114of different thermal conductivity B29C66/73115Melting point B29C66/73116of different melting point B29C66/73117Tg B29C66/73118of different glass transition temperature B29C66/7312Rheological properties B29C66/73121Viscosity B29C66/73122of different viscosity B29C66/7313Density B29C66/73132of different density B29C66/7314Electrical and dielectric properties B29C66/73141Electrical conductivity B29C66/73143Dielectric properties B29C66/7315Mechanical properties B29C66/73151Hardness B29C66/73152of different hardness B29C66/7316Surface properties B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity B29C66/73162of different roughness or rugosity B29C66/7317Hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity B29C66/73171Hydrophilicity B29C66/73172of different hydrophilicity B29C66/73175Hydrophobicity B29C66/73176of different hydrophobicity B29C66/7318Permeability to gases or liquids B29C66/73181permeable B29C66/73182to gases B29C66/73183to liquids B29C66/73185non-permeable B29C66/73186to gases B29C66/73187to liquids B29C66/733characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined B29C66/7332at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured B29C66/73321both parts to be joined being coloured B29C66/73322both parts to be joined having a different colour B29C66/7334at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive B29C66/73341at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or reflective B29C66/73343at least one of the parts to be joined being matt or refractive B29C66/7336at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light B29C66/73361at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque to visible light B29C66/73362both parts to be joined being opaque to visible light B29C66/73365at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light B29C66/73366both parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light B29C66/7338at least one of the parts to be joined being polarising B29C66/735characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined B29C66/7352Thickness B29C66/73521of different thickness B29C66/737characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined B29C66/7371oriented or heat-shrinkable B29C66/73711oriented B29C66/73712mono-axially B29C66/73713bi-axially or multi-axially B29C66/73715heat-shrinkable B29C66/7373Joining soiled or oxidised materials B29C66/7375uncured, partially cured or fully cured B29C66/73751the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured B29C66/73752the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured B29C66/73753the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured B29C66/73754the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being partially cured B29C66/73755the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured B29C66/73756the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured B29C66/7377amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline B29C66/73771the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous B29C66/73772the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous B29C66/73773the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline B29C66/73774the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline B29C66/73775the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being crystalline B29C66/73776the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being crystalline B29C66/7379degradable B29C66/73791biodegradable B29C66/73793soluble B29C66/739characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset B29C66/7392characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic B29C66/73921characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics B29C66/7394characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset B29C66/73941characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material B29C66/742to metals or their alloys B29C66/7422Aluminium or alloys of aluminium B29C66/7424Lead or alloys of lead B29C66/7426Tin or alloys of tin B29C66/7428Transition metals or their alloys B29C66/74281Copper or alloys of copper B29C66/74283Iron or alloys of iron B29C66/74285Noble metals B29C66/744to elements other than metals B29C66/7442Boron B29C66/7444Carbon B29C66/746to inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/744 B29C66/7461Ceramics B29C66/74611Carbides; Nitrides B29C66/7463Concrete B29C66/7465Glass B29C66/7467Mica B29C66/7469Asbestos B29C66/748to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746 B29C66/7481Cork B29C66/7482Linoleum B29C66/7483Bone, horn, ivory B29C66/7484Leather B29C66/7485Natural fibres B29C66/7486Paper B29C66/7487Wood B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined B29C66/812characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements B29C66/8122characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements B29C66/8124characterised by the structure of the material constituting the pressing elements B29C66/81241being porous or sintered B29C66/8126characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements B29C66/81261Thermal properties B29C66/81262Electrical and dielectric properties B29C66/81263Dielectric properties B29C66/81264Mechanical properties B29C66/81265Surface properties B29C66/81266Optical properties B29C66/81267Transparent to electromagnetic radiation B29C66/81268Reflective to electromagnetic radiation B29C66/814characterised by the design of the pressing elements B29C66/8141characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements B29C66/81411characterised by its cross-section B29C66/81413being non-symmetrical B29C66/81415being bevelled B29C66/81417being V-shaped B29C66/81419and flat B29C66/81421being convex or concave B29C66/81422being convex B29C66/81423being concave B29C66/81425being stepped B29C66/81427comprising a single ridge B29C66/81429comprising a single tooth B29C66/81431comprising a single cavity B29C66/81433being toothed B29C66/81435comprising several parallel ridges B29C66/8145characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements B29C66/81451being adaptable to the surface of the joint B29C66/81453being made of flexible slats, flexible fins, flexible bristles or springs B29C66/81455being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure B29C66/81457comprising a block or layer of deformable material B29C66/81459being a filled deformable bladder B29C66/81461being multi-lamellar or segmented B29C66/81463comprising a plurality of single pressing elements B29C66/81465one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction B29C66/81467arranged in an offset pattern B29C66/81469one placed next to the other in a single line transverse to the feed direction B29C66/81471being a wrap-around tape or band B29C66/816characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements B29C66/8161said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material B29C66/81611by resilient material B29C66/8163Self-aligning to the joining plane B29C66/8165Carrier plates for mounting joining tool parts B29C66/8167Quick change joining tools or surfaces B29C66/8169the mounting of said pressing elements being laterally movable B29C66/818characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps B29C66/8181characterised by the cooling constructional aspects B29C66/81811of the welding jaws B29C66/81812the welding jaws being cooled from the outside B29C66/81815of the clamps B29C66/8182characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects B29C66/81821of the welding jaws B29C66/81825of the clamps B29C66/8183characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects B29C66/81831of the welding jaws B29C66/81835of the clamps B29C66/8185comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps B29C66/8187characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects B29C66/81871of the welding jaws B29C66/81875of the clamps B29C66/8188characterised by the electrical conducting constructional aspects B29C66/81881of the welding jaws B29C66/81885of the clamps B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms B29C66/8221Scissor or lever mechanisms B29C66/8222Pinion or rack mechanisms B29C66/8223Worm or spindle mechanisms B29C66/8224Chain or sprocket drives B29C66/8225Crank mechanisms B29C66/8226Cam mechanisms; Wedges; Eccentric mechanisms B29C66/82261Wedges B29C66/82263Follower pin or roller cooperating with a groove B29C66/82265Eccentric mechanisms B29C66/8227using springs B29C66/824Actuating mechanisms B29C66/8242Pneumatic or hydraulic drives B29C66/82421using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part B29C66/82423using vacuum B29C66/8244magnetically driven B29C66/8246Servomechanisms B29C66/8248Pressure application by weights B29C66/826without using a separate pressure application tool B29C66/8262using "pressure means" which are associated with at least one of the parts to be joined and remain in or on it B29C66/8264using the thermal expansion of the parts to be joined B29C66/8266using fluid pressure directly acting on the parts to be joined B29C66/82661by means of vacuum B29C66/828Other pressure application arrangements B29C66/8282using the own weight of the joining tool B29C66/8284using the thermal expansion of the joining tool B29C66/8286Hand placed clamps B29C66/83characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis B29C66/83221cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis B29C66/8324Joining or pressing tools pivoting around one axis B29C66/83241cooperating pivoting tools B29C66/834moving with the parts to be joined B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types B29C66/83411Roller, cylinder or drum types B29C66/83413cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums B29C66/83415the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said parts to be joined being a non-zero angle B29C66/83417said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow B29C66/83421band or belt types B29C66/83423cooperating bands or belts B29C66/83431rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating with bands or belts B29C66/83433the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said bands or belts being a non-zero angle B29C66/83435said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow B29C66/83441Ball types B29C66/8351Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws B29C66/83511jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums B29C66/83513cooperating jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums and moving in a closed path B29C66/83517said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow B29C66/83521jaws mounted on bands or belts B29C66/83523Cooperating jaws mounted on cooperating bands or belts and moving in a closed path B29C66/83531jaws mounted on chains B29C66/83533Cooperating jaws mounted on cooperating chains and moving in a closed path B29C66/83541flying jaws B29C66/83543cooperating flying jaws B29C66/836Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined B29C66/8362Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications B29C66/841Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions B29C66/8412of different length, width or height B29C66/84121of different width B29C66/84123of different height B29C66/8414of different diameter B29C66/8416of different thickness B29C66/843Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series B29C66/8432Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series B29C66/845C-clamp type or sewing machine type B29C66/847Drilling standard machine type B29C66/849Packaging machines B29C66/8491welding through a filled container B29C66/851Bag or container making machines B29C66/8511Bag making machines B29C66/853Machines for changing web rolls or filaments B29C66/855Belt splicing machines B29C66/857Medical tube welding machines B29C66/861Hand-held tools B29C66/8612Ironing tool type B29C66/8614Tongs, pincers or scissors B29C66/8616Pen or pencil like B29C66/8618being battery operated B29C66/863Robotised B29C66/865Independently movable welding apparatus B29C66/8652being pushed by hand or being self-propelling B29C66/86521being self-propelling B29C66/86523the traction being made on the seam B29C66/86531being guided B29C66/86533by rails B29C66/86535by the edge of one of the parts to be joined or by a groove between the parts to be joined B29C66/87Auxiliary operations or devices B29C66/872Starting or stopping procedures B29C66/874Safety measures or devices B29C66/8742for operators B29C66/8744Preventing overheating of the parts to be joined B29C66/87441by lowering or shutting down the power supply B29C66/87443by withdrawing the heating tools B29C66/87445by introducing protection shields B29C66/8746Detecting the absence of the articles to be joined B29C66/8748involving the use of warnings B29C66/876Maintenance or cleaning B29C66/8762Cleaning of the joining tools B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process B29C66/91by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux B29C66/912by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux B29C66/9121by measuring the temperature B29C66/91211with special temperature measurement means or methods B29C66/91212involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws B29C66/91213and measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to said welding jaws, said element being B29C66/91214by measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to one of the parts to be welded, said element acting B29C66/91216enabling contactless temperature measurements B29C66/91218using colour change B29C66/91221of the parts to be joined B29C66/91231of the joining tool B29C66/9131by measuring the heat or the thermal flux B29C66/91311by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating B29C66/91313by measuring the voltage B29C66/91315by measuring the current intensity B29C66/91317by measuring the electrical resistance B29C66/914by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux B29C66/9141by controlling or regulating the temperature B29C66/91411of the parts to be joined B29C66/91413the parts to be joined having different temperatures B29C66/91421of the joining tools B29C66/91423using joining tools having different temperature zones or using several joining tools with different temperatures B29C66/91431the temperature being kept constant over time B29C66/91441the temperature being non-constant over time B29C66/91443following a temperature-time profile B29C66/91445by steps B29C66/9161by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux B29C66/91631the heat or the thermal flux being kept constant over time B29C66/91641the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time B29C66/91643following a heat-time profile B29C66/91645by steps B29C66/91651by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating B29C66/91653by controlling or regulating the voltage B29C66/91655by controlling or regulating the current intensity B29C66/919characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges B29C66/9192in explicit relation to another variable B29C66/91921in explicit relation to another temperature B29C66/91931in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined B29C66/91933higher than said fusion temperature B29C66/91935lower than said fusion temperature B29C66/91941in explicit relation to Tg B29C66/91943higher than said glass transition temperature B29C66/91945lower than said glass transition temperature B29C66/91951in explicit relation to time B29C66/92by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools B29C66/922by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools B29C66/9221by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power B29C66/92211with special measurement means or methods B29C66/9231by measuring the displacement of the joining tools B29C66/92311with special measurement means or methods B29C66/924by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools B29C66/9241by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power B29C66/92431the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being kept constant over time B29C66/92441the pressure, the force or the mechanical power being non-constant over time B29C66/92443following a pressure-time profile B29C66/92445by steps B29C66/92451using joining tools having different pressure zones or using several joining tools with different pressures B29C66/9261by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools B29C66/92611by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools B29C66/92613the gap being kept constant over time B29C66/92615the gap being non-constant over time B29C66/92651by using stops B29C66/92653said stops being adjustable B29C66/92655by using several stops B29C66/929characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges B29C66/9292in explicit relation to another variable B29C66/92921in specific relation to time B29C66/93by measuring or controlling the speed B29C66/932by measuring the speed B29C66/9321with special speed measurement means or methods B29C66/934by controlling or regulating the speed B29C66/93411the parts to be joined having different speeds B29C66/93431the speed being kept constant over time B29C66/93441the speed being non-constant over time B29C66/93451by controlling or regulating the rotational speed B29C66/939characterised by specific speed values or ranges B29C66/9392in explicit relation to another variable B29C66/94by measuring or controlling the time B29C66/942by measuring the time B29C66/9421with special time measurement means or methods B29C66/944by controlling or regulating the time B29C66/9441the time being controlled or regulated as a function of another parameter B29C66/949characterised by specific time values or ranges B29C66/9492in explicit relation to another variable B29C66/95by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 B29C66/951by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools B29C66/9511by measuring their vibration frequency B29C66/9512by controlling their vibration frequency B29C66/9513characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges B29C66/9515by measuring their vibration amplitude B29C66/9516by controlling their vibration amplitude B29C66/9517characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges B29C66/952by measuring or controlling the wavelength B29C66/953by measuring or controlling the humidity B29C66/9532of the parts to be joined B29C66/9534of the atmosphere B29C66/954by measuring or controlling the thickness of the parts to be joined B29C66/959characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables B29C66/9592in explicit relation to another variable B29C66/96characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process B29C66/961involving a feedback loop mechanism B29C66/962using proportional controllers B29C66/963using stored or historical data sets B29C66/964involving trial and error B29C66/965using artificial neural networks B29C66/966using fuzzy logic B29C66/967involving special data inputs or special data outputs B29C66/9672involving special data inputs B29C66/9674involving special data outputs B29C66/97Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts B29C66/972by extrusion of molten material B29C66/974by checking the bead or burr form B29C66/976by the use of an indicator pin B29C66/98Determining the joining area by using markings on at least one of the parts to be joined