1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to fabrication of semiconductor devices and more particularly to the fabrication of isolation regions and stress regions in a semiconductor structure.
2) Description of the Prior Art
Various techniques have emerged to improve performance of state of the art semiconductors. One technique involves introducing strain. Strained silicon exhibits improved semiconductor performance due to enhanced transport properties. Biaxial distortion of the crystal lattice in strained silicon improves electron and hole mobility.
Another performance enhancement technique involves providing a semiconductor layer separated from the substrate by an insulating layer. Also known as silicon-on-insulator (SOI), such structures exhibit reduced parasitic capacitance, thereby enabling a semiconductor to function at significantly higher speeds with reduced electrical losses. The result is an appreciable increase in performance and a reduction in power consumption.
However, further improvements in device performance are needed to newer technologies.
The importance of improving technology noted above is evidenced by the extensive technological development directed to the subject, as documented by the relevant patent and technical literature. The more relevant technical developments in the patent literature can be gleaned by considering the following.
US20050106790A1: Strained silicon on a SiGe on SOI substrate—Inventor: Cheng, Kangguo;
US20050035369A1: Structure and method of forming integrated circuits utilizing strained channel transistors—Inventor: Lin, Chun-Chieh; Hsin-Chu
US20050142700A1: Strained silicon on a SiGe on SOI substrate—Inventor: Cheng, Kangguo;
US20050023616A1: Localized strained semiconductor on insulator—Inventor: Forbes, Leonard;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,751: Bulk and strained silicon on insulator using local selective oxidation—Inventor: Chu, Jack Oon;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,866: Isolated films using an air dielectric—Inventor: Beyer, Klaus D.
The embodiments of the present invention provides a structure and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device with an isolation region which is characterized as follows.
First and second example embodiments can comprise a method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising the steps of:
Third and fourth example embodiments can comprise a method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising the steps of:
Device example embodiments can comprise a semiconductor device comprised of:
A further aspect further comprises: the transistor has source and drain regions in the strained layer; and the transistor has a gate over the strained layer; the cavity is at least partially under the gate.
A further aspect further comprises: at least two cavities in the substrate under the stressor layer;
The above and below advantages and features are of representative embodiments only, and are not exhaustive and/or exclusive. They are presented only to assist in understanding the invention. It should be understood that they are not representative of all the inventions defined by the claims, to be considered limitations on the invention as defined by the claims, or limitations on equivalents to the claims. For instance, some of these advantages may be mutually contradictory, in that they cannot be simultaneously present in a single embodiment. Similarly, some advantages are applicable to one aspect of the invention, and inapplicable to others. Furthermore, certain aspects of the claimed invention have not been discussed herein. However, no inference should be drawn regarding those discussed herein relative to those not discussed herein other than for purposes of space and reducing repetition. Thus, this summary of features and advantages should not be considered dispositive in determining equivalence. Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the following description, from the drawings, and from the claims.
The features and advantages of a semiconductor device according to the present invention and further details of a process of fabricating such a semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals designate similar or corresponding elements, regions and portions and in which:
The example embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Some of the example embodiments provide structures and methods of forming buried isolation regions and voids under a stressor layer and strained layer.
Four example embodiments are shown in
In a first example embodiment shown in
In a second example embodiment shown in
In a third example embodiment shown in
In a fourth example embodiment shown in
Below are descriptions for example method embodiments that can be used make the device embodiments.
A example method for forming the first and second embodiments is described below.
A. Form One or More Buried Doped Regions in a Substrate
Referring to
Substrate
The substrate 10 has a first area 12 and a second area 14 where two devices will be formed. The first embodiment device will be shown formed in the first area 12. The second embodiment device will be shown formed in the second area 14. The two devices are shown side by side during processing but the device can be formed separately or with other process steps and devices.
The substrate 10 can be comprised of silicon, such as a bulk crystal silicon wafer. For example the a silicon substrate can be p-doped with a (001) orientation or other orientations such as (110) orientation.
Subsequently Formed FETs
A FET transistor will be formed on the substrate. Other type devices such as bipolar transistors can also be formed.
The FET transistors are comprised of source and drain regions, a gate dielectric and gate. The substrate 10 has source and drain areas over where source and drain regions will be subsequently formed and a channel area over where the gate will be formed. Preferably the transistors are bulk silicon MOSFETs where the FET are usually electrically connected to the substrate. In contrast to bulk silicon MOSFETs, an SOI MOSFET is usually electrically floating in relation to the substrate.
Buried Doped Regions 20A 20B and 20C
The buried doped regions 20A 20B 20C can be formed by implanting a N-type or P-type dopant and annealing the substrate. The buried doped regions can be formed later in the process, such as after the layers 3036 are formed.
In the first area 12, a channel buried doped region 20C is formed in a channel area that is under a channel region (or gate) of a subsequently formed FET. In the second area 14, source and drain buried doped regions 20A 20B are formed in source and drain areas under source and drain regions of a subsequently formed FET.
The type of the dopant for the buried doped regions doesn't matter, so long as it allows the buried doped region to be etch selectively to the substrate.
The buried doped layer is preferably implanted to a depth that will enable a sufficient thickness of subsequently formed void to be formed for sufficient electrical insulation or strain. As shown in
B. Form a Stressor Layer Over the Substrate
Referring to
The stressor layer 30 is preferably comprised of SiGe (silicon-germanium), or SiGeC. The stressor layer has a crystalline structure so that the subsequently formed strained layer 36 has a strain, preferably has a biaxial strain. The stressor layer 30 can be formed of a SiGe alloy having a Si atomic percent between 50 and 85 and a Ge atomic % between 15 and 50. The stressor layer can have a graded Ge concentration any profile, but a single Ge concentration is the easiest to implement. The stressor layer can be comprised of one or more layers. The stressor layer can have varying Ge concentrations.
The amount of strain and thickness of the stressor layer can be determined by classical thickness theory. Growth conditions, Ge composition and thickness can be defined to ensure that the stressor layer is fully strained without any defects. The growth can be done by LPCVD or other commercially available methods.
C. Form a Strained Layer Over the Stressor Layer
Still referring to
The strain in Si or Si:C layer over the stressor layer, only exists after the voids formation. The reason why Si is not strained at the point is that SiGe 30 is fully strained with lattice constant (in-plane) same as Si lattice. However if a void is formed underneath of SiGe 30, relaxation of SiGe occurs and leads to strain in overlying Si 36.
D. Form STI Trenches and Lateral Trenches
Next, we form STI trenches 40A 40B and lateral trenches 41A 41B 41C as shown in
Form STI Trenches
Referring to
Those skilled in the art are well aware that STI regions are formed around a transistor area, extending both in front of and behind the plane of the drawing. The STI thus defines a set of islands in the silicon substrate in which the transistors will be formed.
Form a Cavities 41A 41B 41C
We etch the buried doped regions 20A 20B 20C to form cavities (e.g., lateral trenches) 41A 41B 41C in communication with the STI trenches 40A 40B.
Preferably the etch is in situ with the STI trench etch. The STI and lateral trench etches can be performed in one step or two or more steps. The etches can use the same etch chemistries. The etch can be done in a single process with slight changes in process conditions, by people skilled in the art.
In the first area 12, the channel cavity (e.g., channel lateral trench) 41C is at least partially under the subsequently formed channel region of the FET. The channel lateral trench 41C preferably substantially under all of the subsequently formed channel region for the FET.
In the second area 14, the source and drain cavities 41A 41B (S/D lateral trench) are at least partially under the subsequently formed source and drain regions of the FET. Preferably, the source and drain lateral trenches 41A 41B are substantially under all the subsequently formed source and drain regions for the FET.
E. Fill Only the STI Trenches with Insulation Material to Form Isolation Regions and Form Voids in the Lateral Trenches
Referring to
The isolation regions 50A 50B can be formed by a process that mostly anisotropically fills the trenches. The insulation material can be an silicon oxide.
The voids 41A 41B 41C create a strain in the strain layer 36. The strain can be biaxial and uniaxial, depending on the geometry of the devices. For a wide void, and length direction is the channel, Si channel is unaxially strained, and can be tensile or compressive, depending on whether SiGe is at S/D or at the channel.
F. Form a Transistor on the Strained Layer
Referring to
The transistors can be NMOS or PMOS or combinations.
Conventional steps such as blanket threshold adjust implants, well formation, annealing and the like may be performed as is well known in the art, and can be performed any time during the processing. The circuit is completed with additional transistors, conventional back end interconnect, aluminum or copper, to form the desired circuit.
Other type devices can be formed over or in the strained layer with the invention's lateral voids. The other devices such as, BJT, HBT can be potentially integrated with the desirable energy band configuration, brought by the strain.
With the voids 41A 41B under the S/D regions 68, stressor layer/strained layer (e.g, SiGe/Si bilayer) 3036 becomes free-standing in one or two dimensions, allowing the film stack to re-distribute strain in the system.
For voids 41A 41B under S/D, the Si channel under the gate can be compressively strained (in the directions between source and drain regions), which improves PMOS device performance. It should be compressive from S/D, along the channel length direction. Width no strain, if width is big. Z direction gets tensile because of poisson ratio. Therefore, FET 54B is preferably a PMOS Tx.
With voids 41C under channel region, the Si channel in the strained layer 36 can be tensile strained, which improves NMOS device performance. The stress can be biaxial or uniaxial, but mostly uniaxial, (tensile) for NMOS, Z direction gets compressive. Therefore, FET 54B is preferably a NMOS FET.
The steps to form the third and fourth embodiments can be the same as described above for
Referring to
In the first area 12, the lateral trench isolation region 42C is formed at least partially under the channel region of the subsequently formed transistor.
In the second area 14, the lateral trench isolation regions 42A 42B are preferably formed at least partially under the source/drain regions of the subsequently formed transistor.
Referring
Referring to
In
In
In the above description numerous specific details are set forth such as flow rates, pressure settings, thicknesses, etc., in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will realize that power settings, residence times, gas flow rates are equipment specific and will vary from one brand of equipment to another. It will be obvious, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well known process have not been described in detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
Given the variety of embodiments of the present invention just described, the above description and illustrations show not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements and procedures, and the scope of the appended claims therefore should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements and procedures.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
5227658 | Beyer | Jul 1993 | A |
5232866 | Beyer | Aug 1993 | A |
6251751 | Chu | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6429091 | Chen | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6936522 | Steegen | Aug 2005 | B2 |
20050023616 | Forbes | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050035369 | Lin | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050045947 | Chen | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050106790 | Cheng | May 2005 | A1 |
20050142700 | Cheng | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050189589 | Zhu et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20080026540 A1 | Jan 2008 | US |