The technical field of this invention is cache for digital data processors.
In prior art date processing systems of the type having a multi-level cache to which this invention is applicable the level two cache controller to level one cache (l1d) controller snoop interface operated at a lower clock frequency than the central processing unit. There was a need in the art to improve the interface frequency to the central processing unit clock frequency and to reduce the interface width from 256 bits to 64 bits. Current snoop architecture would reduce the snoop bandwidth drastically because the level one cache controller couldn't accept more than one snoop at a time.
Separate buffers store snoop writes and direct memory access writes. A multiplexer selects one of these for input to a FIFO buffer. The FIFO buffer is split into multiple FIFOs including: a command FIFO; an address FIFO; and write data FIFO. Each snoop command is compared with an allocated line line and deleted on a match to avoid data corruption. Each snoop command is also compared with a victim address. If the snoop address matches victim address logic redirects the snoop command to a victim buffer. The snoop write is completed in the victim buffer.
These and other aspects of this invention are illustrated in the drawings, in which:
Digital signal processor system 100 includes a number of cache memories.
Level two unified cache 130 is further coupled to higher level memory systems. Digital signal processor system 100 may be a part of a multiprocessor system. The other processors of the multiprocessor system are coupled to level two unified cache 130 via a transfer request bus 141 and a data transfer bus 143. A direct memory access unit 150 provides the connection of digital signal processor system 100 to external memory 161 and external peripherals 169.
Central processing unit 1 has a 32-bit, byte addressable address space. Internal memory on the same integrated circuit is preferably organized in a data space including level one data cache 123 and a program space including level one instruction cache 121. When off-chip memory is used, preferably these two spaces are unified into a single memory space via the external memory interface (EMIF) 4.
Level one data cache 123 may be internally accessed by central processing unit 1 via two internal ports 3a and 3b. Each internal port 3a and 3b preferably has 32 bits of data and a 32-bit byte address reach. Level one instruction cache 121 may be internally accessed by central processing unit 1 via a single port 2a. Port 2a of level one instruction cache 121 preferably has an instruction-fetch width of 256 bits and a 30-bit word (four bytes) address, equivalent to a 32-bit byte address.
Central processing unit 1 includes program fetch unit 10, instruction dispatch unit 11, instruction decode unit 12 and two data paths 20 and 30. First data path 20 includes four functional units designated L1 unit 22, S1 unit 23, M1 unit 24 and D1 unit 25 and 16 32-bit A registers forming register file 21. Second data path 30 likewise includes four functional units designated L2 unit 32, S2 unit 33, M2 unit 34 and D2 unit 35 and 16 32-bit B registers forming register file 31. The functional units of each data path access the corresponding register file for their operands. There are two cross paths 27 and 37 permitting access to one register in the opposite register file each pipeline stage. Central processing unit 1 includes control registers 13, control logic 14, and test logic 15, emulation logic 16 and interrupt logic 17.
Program fetch unit 10, instruction dispatch unit 11 and instruction decode unit 12 recall instructions from level one instruction cache 121 and deliver up to eight 32-bit instructions to the functional units every instruction cycle. Processing occurs simultaneously in each of the two data paths 20 and 30. As previously described each data path has four corresponding functional units (L, S, M and D) and a corresponding register file containing 16 32-bit registers. Each functional unit is controlled by a 32-bit instruction. The data paths are further described below. A control register file 13 provides the means to configure and control various processor operations.
The fetch phases of the fetch group 310 are: Program address generate phase 311 (PG); Program address send phase 312 (PS); Program access ready wait stage 313 (PW); and Program fetch packet receive stage 314 (PR). Digital signal processor core 110 uses a fetch packet (FP) of eight instructions. All eight of the instructions proceed through fetch group 310 together. During PG phase 311, the program address is generated in program fetch unit 10. During PS phase 312, this program address is sent to memory. During PW phase 313, the memory read occurs. Finally during PR phase 314, the fetch packet is received at CPU 1.
The decode phases of decode group 320 are: Instruction dispatch (DP) 321; and Instruction decode (DC) 322. During the DP phase 321, the fetch packets are split into execute packets. Execute packets consist of one or more instructions which are coded to execute in parallel. During DP phase 322, the instructions in an execute packet are assigned to the appropriate functional units. Also during DC phase 322, the source registers, destination registers and associated paths are decoded for the execution of the instructions in the respective functional units.
The execute phases of the execute group 330 are: Execute 1 (E1) 331; Execute 2 (E2) 332; Execute 3 (E3) 333; Execute 4 (E4) 334; and Execute 5 (E5) 335. Different types of instructions require different numbers of these phases to complete. These phases of the pipeline play an important role in understanding the device state at CPU cycle boundaries.
During E1 phase 331, the conditions for the instructions are evaluated and operands are read for all instruction types. For load and store instructions, address generation is performed and address modifications are written to a register file. For branch instructions, branch fetch packet in PG phase 311 is affected. For all single-cycle instructions, the results are written to a register file. All single-cycle instructions complete during the E1 phase 331.
During the E2 phase 332, for load instructions, the address is sent to memory. For store instructions, the address and data are sent to memory. Single-cycle instructions that saturate results set the SAT bit in the control status register (CSR) if saturation occurs. For single cycle 16 by 16 multiply instructions, the results are written to a register file. For M unit non-multiply instructions, the results are written to a register file. All ordinary multiply unit instructions complete during E2 phase 322.
During E3 phase 333, data memory accesses are performed. Any multiply instruction that saturates results sets the SAT bit in the control status register (CSR) if saturation occurs. Store instructions complete during the E3 phase 333.
During E4 phase 334, for load instructions, data is brought to the CPU boundary. For multiply extension instructions, the results are written to a register file. Multiply extension instructions complete during the E4 phase 334.
During E5 phase 335, load instructions write data into a register. Load instructions complete during the E5 phase 335.
The dst field (bits 23 to 27) specifies one of the 32 registers in the corresponding register file as the destination of the instruction results.
The scr2 field (bits 18 to 22) specifies one of the 32 registers in the corresponding register file as the second source operand.
The scr1/cst field (bits 13 to 17) has several meanings depending on the instruction opcode field (bits 3 to 12). The first meaning specifies one of the 32 registers of the corresponding register file as the first operand. The second meaning is a 5-bit immediate constant. Depending on the instruction type, this is treated as an unsigned integer and zero extended to 32 bits or is treated as a signed integer and sign extended to 32 bits. Lastly, this field can specify one of the 32 registers in the opposite register file if the instruction invokes one of the register file cross paths 27 or 37.
The opcode field (bits 3 to 12) specifies the type of instruction and designates appropriate instruction options. A detailed explanation of this field is beyond the scope of this invention except for the instruction options detailed below.
The s bit (bit 1) designates the data path 20 or 30. If s=0, then data path 20 is selected. This limits the functional unit to L1 unit 22, S1 unit 23, M1 unit 24 and D1 unit 25 and the corresponding register file A 21. Similarly, s=1 selects data path 20 limiting the functional unit to L2 unit 32, S2 unit 33, M2 unit 34 and D2 unit 35 and the corresponding register file B 31.
The p bit (bit 0) marks the execute packets. The p-bit determines whether the instruction executes in parallel with the following instruction. The p-bits are scanned from lower to higher address. If p=1 for the current instruction, then the next instruction executes in parallel with the current instruction. If p=0 for the current instruction, then the next instruction executes in the cycle after the current instruction. All instructions executing in parallel constitute an execute packet. An execute packet can contain up to eight instructions. Each instruction in an execute packet must use a different functional unit.
Each DSP core 510 preferably includes a level one data cache such as L1 SRAM/cache 512. In the preferred embodiment each L1 SRAM/cache 512 may be configured with selected amounts of memory directly accessible by the corresponding DSP core 510 (SRAM) and data cache. Each DSP core 510 has a corresponding level two combined cache L2 SRAM/cache 520. As with L1 SRAM/cache 512, each L2 SRAM/cache 520 is preferably configurable with selected amounts of directly accessible memory (SRAM) and data cache. Each L2 SRAM/cache 520 includes a prefetch unit 522. Each prefetch unit 522 prefetchs data for the corresponding L2 SRAM/cache 520 based upon anticipating the needs of the corresponding DSP core 510. Each DSP core 510 is further coupled to shared memory 530. Shared memory 530 is usually slower and typically less expensive memory than L2 SRAM/cache 520 or L1 SRAM/cache 510. Shared memory 530 typically stores program and data information shared between the DSP cores 510.
In various embodiments, each DSP core 510 includes a corresponding local memory arbiter 524 for reordering memory commands in accordance with a set of reordering rules. Each local memory arbiter 524 arbitrates and schedules memory requests from differing streams at a local level before sending the memory requests to central memory arbiter 534. A local memory arbiter 524 may arbitrate between more than one DSP core 510. Central memory arbiter 534 controls memory accesses for shared memory 530 that are generated by differing DSP cores 510 that do not share a common local memory arbiter 524.
The L1D snoop architecture illustrated in
FIFO 831 DMA/SNP command packet is split into multiple FIFOs. These include: a command FIFO; an address FIFO; and write data FIFO. Each command in the command FIFO can either: get committed to L1D cache; hit victim; or hit allocated line. Each snoop command is compared with an L2 allocated line (set and way) stored in L2W_ADDR register 842. In case the snoop address matches allocated line set and way in L2W_ADDR register 842, SNP kill logic 832 is implemented killing the SNP command to avoid data corruption. DMC 610 can kill any number of SNP commands sitting at any level inside DMC 610 (E1, FIFO, E2). SNP kill logic 832 is encapsulated within command FIFO. There is a self acknowledge (ACK) logic implemented inside command FIFO to flush out a SNP command which needs to be dropped. There is a synchronization protocol in place to keep the different pipelines of FIFO 831 in sync in case a SNP command is dropped.
Each snoop command is also compared with a victim address stored in VCT_ADDR register 843. In case the snoop address matches victim address in VCT_ADDR register 843, SNP hit victim logic 833 redirects the SNP command to a victim buffer. The snoop write is completed in the victim buffer.
Since command accept signal for SNP and DMA is now pipelined, there is need to predict command accept signal for future commands. Command accept signal for DMA and SNP is predicted based on FIFO status, bandwidth management logic and current commands present in L1D E1 pipeline. There can be now 10 commands pending inside DMC 610. Effective priority logic is enhanced to take into account priorities of all pending transactions. Effective priority of all pending DMA/SNP commands is used to arbitrate with CPU 110 traffic in case of bank stalls.
This solution allows DMC 610 to accept multiple snoop commands and provides a unique way to drop any number of pending snoop commands within DMC 610. Using this solution, snoop interface speed-up is achieved without any drop in snoop through-put.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e)(1) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/387,283 filed Sep. 28, 2010.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61387283 | Sep 2010 | US |