Patent Application
20130157199
The present invention relates to a method of preparing a lithographic printing plate and more particularly, to a method of preparing a lithographic printing plate without a preheat step.
In general, a lithographic printing plate is composed of an oleophilic image area accepting ink and a hydrophilic non-image area accepting dampening water in the process of printing. Lithographic printing is a printing method utilizing the nature of water and oily ink to repel with each other and comprising rendering the oleophilic image area of the lithographic printing plate to an ink-receptive area and the hydrophilic non-image area thereof to a dampening water-receptive area (ink-unreceptive area), thereby making a difference in adherence of the ink on the surface of the lithographic printing plate, depositing the ink only to the image area, and then transferring the ink to a printing material, for example, paper.
In order to prepare the lithographic printing plate, a lithographic printing plate precursor (PS plate) comprising a hydrophilic support having provided thereon an oleophilic photosensitive resin layer (a photosensitive layer or an image-recording layer) has heretofore been broadly used. Ordinarily, the lithographic printing plate is obtained by conducting plate making according to a method of exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor through an original, for example, a lith film, and then removing the unnecessary portion of the image-recording layer by dissolving with an alkaline developer or an organic solvent thereby revealing the hydrophilic surface of support to form the non-image area while leaving the image-recording layer in the portion for forming the image area.
Thus, in the hitherto known plate making process of lithographic printing plate precursor, after exposure, the step of removing the unnecessary portion of the image-recording layer by dissolving, for example, with a developer is required. However, in view of the environment and safety, to make a processing with a developer closer to a neutral range possible and to reduce an amount of waste liquid are problems to be solved. Particularly, since disposal of waste liquid discharged accompanying the wet treatment has become a great concern throughout the field of industry in view of the consideration for global environment in recent years, the demand for the resolution of the above-described problems has been increased more and more.
On the other hand, digitalized technique of electronically processing, accumulating and outputting image information using a computer has been popularized in recent years, and various new image outputting systems responding to the digitalized technique have been put into practical use. Correspondingly, attention has been drawn to a computer-to-plate (CTP) technique of carrying digitalized image information on highly converging radiation, for example, laser light and conducting scanning exposure of a lithographic printing plate precursor with the light thereby directly preparing a lithographic printing plate without using a lith film. The development of laser in recent years is outstanding, in particular, as to a solid laser or semiconductor laser emitting an infrared ray having a wavelength from 760 to 1,200 nm and a blue or violet laser diode having a wavelength from 350 to 450 nm, those having a large output and a small size have become easily available, and these lasers are very useful for recording light sources used in the direct plate making based on digital data, for example, from a computer. Thus, it is one of the important technical subjects to obtain a lithographic printing plate precursor adaptable to the technique described above.
As a method of producing a lithographic printing plate including laser exposure of a lithographic printing plate precursor, for example, it is disclosed in Patent Document 1 to use a hexaarylbisimidazole compound as a polymerization initiator and a polymerizable compound containing a photo-oxidizable group as a photopolymerizable monomer in a photosensitive layer of a lithographic printing plate precursor. However, such a radical polymerization type image-recording material requires a heat treatment (hereinafter, also referred to as “preheat”) after the laser exposure in order to form an image and further requires processing steps including a water washing of a protective layer, development with an aqueous alkali solution having pH of 11.5 or more and a gum solution treatment. Thus, an automatic development machine per se requires a large space and further problems of the environment and running cost, for example, power consumption necessary for heating or disposal of the development waste liquid and gum waste liquid still remain. Therefore, a negative type image-recording material which does not require the heat treatment after the exposure has been desired.
A method of producing a lithographic printing plate where development processing is performed by removing a protective layer and the unexposed area of a photosensitive layer with one developing tank (one bath) using a developer other than a highly alkaline developer without conducting a water washing step is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, this method requires preheat and further has a problem in that temperature of the developing tank is unstable, because a lithographic printing plate precursor heated by the preheat is directly introduced into the developing tank.
Also, a method of producing a lithographic printing plate without conducting preheat where time after laser exposure of a lithographic printing plate precursor and before development is specified longer is described in Patent Document 3. However, there are problems in that due to increase in the time for preparing the lithographic printing plate productivity decreases and in that excellent halftone dot reproducibility (reproducibility of halftone dots in the case where an image is formed with the halftone dots) is not stably obtained because of variation of the time period between the laser exposure and development.
Patent Document 1: JP-T-2007-506125
Patent Document 2: WO 2007/057336
Patent Document 3: WO 2010/006948
The present invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art described above and to achieve the object described below.
Specifically, an object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing a lithographic printing plate capable of forming an image area having good printing durability and halftone dot reproducibility and capable of easily reproducing a halftone dot image because of excellent stability of halftone dot reproduction (a small dependency of halftone dot reproducibility on the time necessary for contacting the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor with a developer) to exhibit a broad latitude against variation of the time described above, without conducting a preheat treatment.
As a result of the intensive investigations for achieving the object described above, the inventor has found that the object described above can be achieved using a radical polymerizable compound of low viscosity as a polymerizable compound in a photosensitive layer in an embodiment where preheat is not conducted after exposure to complete the invention.
(1) A method of preparing a lithographic printing plate comprising exposing imagewise a lithographic printing plate precursor comprising a support, a photosensitive layer containing a binder polymer and a radical polymerizable compound having viscosity of 9,000 mPa·s or less at 25° C. and a protective layer in this order and developing the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor with a developer without passing through a heat treatment.
(2) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in (1) above, wherein a polymerizable group of the radical polymerizable compound is an acryloyl group.
(3) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in (1) or (2) above, wherein the viscosity of the radical polymerizable compound at 25° C. is from 150 to 1,000 mPa·s.
(4) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the lithographic printing plate precursor is exposed with laser having a wavelength from 350 to 450 nm.
(5) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in (4) above, wherein the lithographic printing plate precursor is exposed in an irradiation energy amount from 100 to 1,000
(6) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein a glass transition temperature of the binder polymer is less than 80° C.
(7) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein a number of the polymerizable groups per molecule of the radical polymerizable compound is 2 or more.
(8) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein a content of the radical polymerizable compound based on a total solid content of the photosensitive layer is 30% by weight or more.
(9) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the binder polymer contains a crosslinkable group.
(10) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (9) above, wherein a weight ratio of the radical polymerizable compound to the binder polymer is one or more.
(11) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (10) above, wherein time passing from termination of the imagewise exposure of the lithographic printing plate precursor to contact of the lithographic printing plate precursor with the developer is one minute or more.
(12) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (11) above, wherein pH of the developer is from 2.0 to 10.0.
(13) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (12) above, wherein the developer contains a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion.
(14) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (13) above, wherein the developer contains a salt composed of a reaction product of an acid and an amine.
(15) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in (14) above, wherein the developer contains a salt composed of a reaction product of at least any acid of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid and a di- or tri-alkanolamine.
(16) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (15) above, wherein the lithographic printing plate precursor comprises between the support and the photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer containing a compound having a support-adsorbing group which adsorbs to the support.
(17) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (16) above, wherein the developer contains a surfactant, the protective layer and an unexposed area of the photosensitive layer are removed at the same time in the presence of the developer, and which method does not comprise a water washing step.
(18) The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate as described in any one of (1) to (17) above, wherein the exposure step and the developing step are conducted using a device in which an exposing device and a developing device are connected with a conveyor belt or a device in which an exposing device and a developing device are integrally cast.
According to the present invention, a method of preparing a lithographic printing plate capable of forming an image area having good printing durability and halftone dot reproducibility and capable of easily reproducing a halftone dot image because of excellent stability of halftone dot reproduction (a small dependency of halftone dot reproducibility on the time necessary for contacting the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor with a developer) to exhibit a broad latitude against variation of the time described above, without conducting a preheat treatment can be provided.
The present invention will be described in detail hereinafter.
First, a lithographic printing plate precursor and a method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention are described below.
The lithographic printing plate precursor for use in the method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention comprises a support, a specific photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order.
The photosensitive layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor contains a binder polymer and a radical polymerizable compound having viscosity of 9,000 mPa·s or less at 25° C., preferably further contains a sensitizing dye and a polymerization initiator, and may contain other components, for example, a co-sensitizer, if desired.
The constituting components of the photosensitive layer are described in detail below.
The radical polymerizable compound (hereinafter, also referred to as a polymerizable compound) for use in the photosensitive layer according to the invention is a compound having a polymerizable group and is selected from compounds having at least one polymerizable group.
The viscosity of the polymerizable compound is 9,000 mPa·s or less at 25° C.
The viscosity of the polymerizable compound at 25° C. is preferably 3,500 mPa·s or less, more preferably 1,500 mPa·s or less, still more preferably 1,000 mPa·s or less, particularly preferably 500 mPa·s or less, and this leads to achieve good printing durability and halftone dot reproducibility and to make stability of halftone dot reproduction more steadily and better.
On the other hand, when the viscosity of the polymerizable compound exceeds 9,000 mPa·s at 25° C., the stability of halftone dot reproduction deteriorates under the condition of not conducting preheat.
Also, the viscosity of the polymerizable compound at 25° C. is preferably 150 mPa·s or more and this leads to prevent fluidity of the photosensitive layer from becoming excessively high and to obtain good film-forming property.
Specifically, the viscosity of the polymerizable compound at 25° C. is preferably from 150 to 1,000 mPa·s.
In the specification, the viscosity at 25° C. is measured using a B-type viscometer (TVB-10 Viscometer, trade name, produced by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
A polymerizable group of the polymerizable compound includes an ethylenically unsaturated bond group, an amino group, an epoxy group and the like. The polymerizable group may be a functional group capable of forming a radical upon irradiation with light and such a polymerizable group includes, for example, a thiol group and a halogen group. Among them, the ethylenically unsaturated bond group is preferred. The ethylenically unsaturated bond group is preferably a styryl group, a (meth)acryloyl group or an allyl group and particularly preferably an acryloyl group. By using the acryloyl group, the stability of halftone dot reproduction can be more improved even under preheat-less condition.
A number of the polymerizable groups (number of functional groups) per one molecule of the polymerizable compound is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and still more preferably 6 or more. This steadily imparts film strength in the cured area (exposed area) to steadily achieve high printing durability.
The polymerizable compound may have a chemical form, for example, a monomer, a prepolymer, specifically, a dimer, a trimer or an oligomer or a copolymer thereof, or a mixture thereof, as long as it has viscosity of 9,000 mPa·s or less at 25° C. Examples of the monomer include an unsaturated carboxylic acid (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid or maleic acid) and an ester or amide thereof. Preferably, an ester of the unsaturated carboxylic acid with a polyhydric alcohol compound and an amide of the unsaturated carboxylic acid with a polyvalent amine compound are used. An addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a nucleophilic substituent, for example, a hydroxy group, an amino group or a mercapto group, with a monofunctional or polyfunctional isocyanate or epoxy compound, or a dehydration condensation reaction product of the unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide with a monofunctional or polyfunctional carboxylic acid is also preferably used. Moreover, an addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having an electrophilic substituent, for example, an isocyanate group or an epoxy group, with a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol, amine or thiol, or a substitution reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a releasable substituent, for example, a halogen group or a tosyloxy group with a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol, amine or thiol is also preferably used. Also, as other examples, compounds in which the unsaturated carboxylic acid described above is replaced by an unsaturated phosphoric acid, styrene, vinyl ether or the like can also be used. These compounds are described in references including JP-T-2006-508380, JP-A-2002-287344, JP-A-2008-256850, JP-A-2001-342222, JP-A-9-179296, JP-A-9-179297, JP-A-9-179298, JP-A-2004-294935, JP-A-2006-243493, JP-A-2002-275129, JP-A-2003-64130, JP-A-2003-280187 and JP-A-10-333321.
Specific examples of the polymerizable compound include tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, propoxylated ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, propoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
Details of the method of using the polymerizable compound, for example, the structure thereof, individual or combination use or an amount added can be appropriately determined in accordance with the characteristic design of the final lithographic printing plate precursor.
The selection and method of using the polymerizable compound are also important factors for the compatibility and dispersibility with other components (for example, a binder polymer, a polymerization initiator or a coloring agent) in the photosensitive layer. For instance, the compatibility may be improved in some cases by using the compound of low purity or using two or more kinds of the compounds in combination. A specific structure may be selected for the purpose of improving an adhesion property to the support, a protective layer or the like described hereinafter. In the method of using the polymerizable compound, the structure, blend and amount added can be appropriately selected by taking account of the degree of polymerization inhibition due to oxygen, resolution, fogging property, change in refractive index, surface tackiness and the like. Further, depending on the case, a layer construction, for example, an undercoat layer or an overcoat layer, and a coating method, may also be considered.
The content of the polymerizable compound is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 25% by weight or more, still more preferably 30% by weight or more, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive layer. Also, the content of the polymerizable compound is preferably 75% by weight or less, more preferably 70% by weight or less, still more preferably 60% by weight or less, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive layer.
A weight ratio of the polymerizable compound to the binder polymer described in detail below (hereinafter, also referred to as “polymerizable compound/binder polymer”) in the photosensitive layer is preferably one or more, and more preferably 1.5 or more. This enables to achieve excellent halftone dot reproducibility under the condition of not conducting preheat.
Also, from the standpoint of forming more steadily a film as the photosensitive layer and making the surface state of the photosensitive layer more preferably, the polymerizable compound/binder polymer is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and still more preferably 2.2 or less.
In the case where two or more polymerizable compounds are used, calculation of the weight ratio described above is conducted based on the total amount of the two or more polymerizable compounds. Similarly, in the case where two or more binder polymers are used, calculation of the weight ratio described above is conducted based on the total amount of the two or more binder polymers.
As the binder polymer for use in the photosensitive layer according to the invention, a polymer capable of holding the components of photosensitive layer on a support and capable of being removed by a developer is used. The binder polymer used includes a (meth)acrylic polymer, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyamide, polyester and an epoxy resin. A (meth)acrylic polymer, polyurethane or polyvinyl butyral is more preferred and polyvinyl butyral is still more preferred. By using polyvinyl butyral having a hydrophilic group as the binder polymer, the development scum can be more restrained.
The term “(meth)acrylic polymer” as used herein means a copolymer containing as a polymerization component, (meth)acrylic acid or a (meth)acrylic acid derivative, for example, a (meth)acrylate (including, for example, an alkyl ester, an aryl ester and an allyl ester), (meth)acrylamide or a (meth)acrylamide derivative. The term “polyurethane” as used herein means a polymer formed by a condensation reaction of a compound having two or more isocyanate groups and a compound having two or more hydroxy groups.
The term “polyvinyl butyral” as used herein means a polymer synthesized by a reaction (acetalization reaction) of polyvinyl alcohol obtained by partial or full saponification of polyvinyl acetate with butylaldehyde under an acidic condition and also includes a polymer wherein an acid group or the like is introduced, for example, by a method of reacting the remaining hydroxy group with a compound having the acid group or the like.
One preferred example of the binder polymer according to the invention is a polymer containing an acid group. Examples of the acid group include a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphoric acid group and a sulfonamido group. Particularly, a carboxylic acid group is preferred. The polymer containing an acid group ordinarily contains a repeating unit having an acid group and as the repeating unit having an acid group, a repeating unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid or a repeating unit represented by formula (I-A) shown below is preferably used.
In formula (I-A), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents a single bond or an n+1 valent connecting group, A represents an oxygen atom or —NR3—, wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer from 1 to 5.
The connecting group represented by R2 in formula (I-A) is preferably constructed from one or more atoms selected from a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and a halogen atom and a number of atoms constituting the connecting group represented by R2 is preferably from 1 to 80. Specific examples of the connecting group include an alkylene group, a substituted alkylene group, an arylene group and a substituted arylene group. The connecting group may have a structure wherein a plurality of such divalent groups is connected to each other via any of an amido bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond and an ester bond. R2 is preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, a substituted alkylene group or a structure where a plurality of at least one of an alkylene group and a substituted alkylene group is connected to each other via at least any of an amido bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond and an ester bond, particularly preferably a single bond, an alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a structure where a plurality of at least one of an alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms is connected to each other via at least any of an amido bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond and an ester bond, and most preferably a single bond, an alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a structure where a plurality of at least one of an alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms is connected to each other via at least any of an amido bond, an ether bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond and an ester bond.
Examples of the substituent for the substituted alkylene group or substituted arylene group include a monovalent non-metallic atomic group exclusive of a hydrogen atom, for example, a halogen atom (e.g., —F, —Br, —Cl or -D, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a mercapto group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an acyl group, a carboxyl group and a conjugate base group thereof, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group and an alkynyl group.
R3 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. n is preferably from 1 to 3, particularly preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1.
A ratio (% by mole) of the repeating unit having an acid group in the total copolymerization component of the binder polymer is preferably from 1 to 70% from the standpoint of development property. Considering good compatibility between the development property and printing durability, it is more preferably from 1 to 50%, and particularly preferably from 1 to 30%.
Preferred specific examples of the repeating unit having an acid group are set forth below.
Examples of the binder polymer having an acid group preferably include copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and a (meth)acrylate (for example, an alkyl ester having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
Further, for example, polyvinyl butyral having an acid group introduced shown below is also preferably used.
In formula (I-B), a ratio of each repeating unit p/q/r/s is preferably in a range from 50 to 78% by mole/from 1 to 5% by mole/from 5 to 28% by mole/from 5 to 20% by mole.
Ra and Rb each independently represents a monovalent substituent, Re, Rd, Re and Rf each independently represents a monovalent substituent which may have a substituent or a single bond, and m represents an integer from 0 or 1. Preferred examples of the substituent represented by any one of Ra, Rb, Re, Rd, Re and Rf include a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom and an aryl group which may have a substituent. More preferred examples thereof include a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain alkyl group, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group, an alkyl group substituted with a carboxylic acid, a halogen atom, a phenyl group and a phenyl group substituted with a carboxylic acid. Rc and Rd or Re and Rf may form a ring structure. The bond between the carbon atom to which Rc and Re connect and the carbon atom to which Rd and Rf connect is a single bond, a double bond or an aromatic double bond and in the case of the double bond or aromatic double bond, Rc and Rd, Re and Rf, Rc and Rf or Re and Rd are connected with each other to from a single bond.
The polyvinyl butyral represented by formula (I-B) can be obtained, for example, by reacting a hydroxy group of a polymer synthesized by a reaction (acetalization reaction) of polyvinyl alcohol obtained by partial or full saponification of polyvinyl acetate with butylaldehyde under an acidic condition with a compound represented by formula (I-B′) shown below in a known manner. In formula (I-B′), Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and m have the same meanings as those defined in formula (I-B), respectively.
Further, the acid group of a polymer having an acid group which is a preferred example of the binder polymer according to the invention may be neutralized with a basic compound. Particularly, it is preferred to be neutralized with a compound having a basic nitrogen atom, for example, an amino group, an amidine group or a guanidine group. It is also preferred that the compound having a basic nitrogen atom has an ethylenically unsaturated group. Specific examples of the compound include compounds described in WO 2007/057442.
An acid value of the binder polymer (the acid content per g of polymer expressed in chemical equivalent numbers) is preferably from 0.3 to 3.0 meq/g, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 meq/g, and most preferably from 1.0 to 2.1 meq/g. Due to the acid value of 0.3 meq/g or more, the development property is more improved and due to the acid value of 3.0 meq/g or less, the printing durability is apt to more decrease. Further, the acid group of a polymer having an acid group which is a preferred example of the binder polymer according to the invention may be neutralized with a basic compound. Particularly, it is preferred to be neutralized with a compound having a basic nitrogen atom, for example, an amino group, an amidine group or a guanidine group. It is also preferred that the compound having a basic nitrogen atom has an ethylenically unsaturated group. Specific examples of the compound include compounds described in WO 2007/057442.
It is preferred that the binder polymer for use in the invention contains a crosslinkable group. The term “crosslinkable group” as used herein means a group capable of crosslinking the binder polymer in the process of a radical polymerization reaction which is caused in the photosensitive layer, when the lithographic printing plate precursor is exposed to light. The crosslinkable group is not particularly restricted as long as it has such a function and includes, for example, an ethylenically unsaturated bond group, an amino group or an epoxy group as a functional group capable of undergoing an addition polymerization reaction. Also, a functional group capable of forming a radical upon irradiation with light may be used and such a crosslinkable group includes, for example, a thiol group and a halogen group. Among them, the ethylenically unsaturated bond group is preferred. The ethylenically unsaturated bond group preferably includes a styryl group, a (meth)acryloyl group and an allyl group.
In the case where the binder polymer contains a crosslinkable group, the binder polymer ordinarily contains a repeating unit having the crosslinkable group.
In the binder polymer, for example, a free radical (a polymerization initiating radical or a propagating radical in the process of polymerization of the polymerizable compound) is added to the crosslinkable functional group to cause addition polymerization between the polymers directly or through a polymerization chain of the polymerizable compound and as a result, crosslinking is formed between the polymer molecules to effect curing. Alternatively, an atom (for example, a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom adjacent to the functional crosslinkable group) in the polymer is withdrawn by a free radical to produce a polymer radical and the polymer radicals combine with each other to form crosslinking between the polymer molecules to effect curing.
The content of the crosslinkable group (content of radical-polymerizable unsaturated double bond determined by iodine titration) in the binder polymer is preferably from 0.01 to 10.0 mmol, more preferably from 0.05 to 5.0 mmol, most preferably from 0.1 to 2.0 mmol, per g of the binder polymer.
The binder polymer for use in the invention may further contain a repeating unit corresponding to an alkyl (meth)acrylate or aralkyl (meth)acrylate. The alkyl group in the alkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and more preferably a methyl group. The aralkyl (meth)acrylate includes, for example, benzyl (meth)acrylate.
The binder polymer for use in the invention preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) less than 80° C. Due to the Tg of less than 80° C., high sensitivity is obtained even under preheat-less condition. The Tg of binder polymer is more preferably less than 60° C. On the other hand, the Tg of binder polymer is preferably 30° C. or more from the standpoint of time lapse stability.
The binder polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 or more, more preferably from 10,000 to 300,000, and a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or more, more preferably from 2,000 to 250,000. The polydispersity (weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight) is preferably from 1.1 to 10.
The binder polymers may be used individually or as a mixture of two or more thereof. The content of the binder polymer is preferably from 5 to 75% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, still more preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive layer from the standpoint of good strength of the image area and good image-forming property. Further, the total content of the polymerizable compound and the binder polymer is preferably 80% by weight or less based on the total solid content of the photosensitive layer. When it exceeds 80% by weight, decrease in the sensitivity and deterioration in the development property may be caused sometimes. The total content is more preferably from 35 to 75% by weight.
The photosensitive layer according to the invention preferably contains a sensitizing dye. The sensitizing dye can be used without particular restriction as long as it absorbs light at the image exposure to form the excited state and provides energy to a polymerization initiator described hereinafter with electron transfer, energy transfer or heat generation thereby improving the polymerization initiation function. Particularly, a sensitizing dye having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range from 350 to 450 nm or from 750 to 1,400 nm is preferably used.
Examples of the sensitizing dye having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range from 350 to 450 nm include a merocyanine, a benzopyran, a coumarin, an aromatic ketone, an anthracene, a styryl and an oxazole.
Of the sensitizing dyes having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range from 350 to 450 nm, a dye represented by formula (IX) shown below is more preferred from the standpoint of high sensitivity.
In formula (IX), A represents an aromatic cyclic group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or N—(R3), and R1, R2 and R3 each independently represents a monovalent non-metallic atomic group, or A and R1 or R2 and R3 may be combined with each other to form an aliphatic or aromatic ring.
The formula (IX) will be described in more detail below. R1, R2 and R3 each independently represents a monovalent non-metallic atomic group, preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic residue, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio group, a hydroxy group or a halogen atom.
Next, A in formula (IX) is described below. A represents an aromatic cyclic group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Specific examples of the aromatic cyclic group which may have a substituent and heterocyclic group which may have a substituent include those of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic residue described for R1, R2 or R3 in formula (IX), respectively.
Specific examples of such a sensitizing dye preferably used include compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0047] to [0053] of JP-A-2007-58170, Paragraph Nos. [0036] to [0037] of JP-A-2007-93866 and Paragraph Nos. [0042] to [0047] of JP-A-2007-72816.
Further, a sensitizing dye represented by formula (V) or (VI) shown below can also be used.
In formula (V), R1 to R14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, provided that at least one of R1 to R10 represents an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
In formula (VI), R15 to R32 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, provided that at least one of R15 to R24 represents an alkoxy group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
Specific examples of such a sensitizing dye include compounds described in EP-A-1349006 and WO 2005/029187.
Further, sensitizing dyes described in JP-A-2006-189604, JP-A-2007-171406, JP-A-2007-206216, JP-A-2007-206217, JP-A-2007-225701, JP-A-2007-225702, JP-A-2007-316582 and JP-A-2007-328243 are also preferably used.
Then, a sensitizing dye having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range from 750 to 1,400 nm (hereinafter referred to as an “infrared absorbing agent” in some cases) suitably used in the invention is described in detail below. The infrared absorbing agent used is preferably a dye or a pigment.
As the dye, commercially available dyes and known dyes described in literatures, for example, Senryo Binran, compiled by The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan (1970) can be used. Specifically, the dyes includes an azo dye, a metal complex azo dye, a pyrazolone azo dye, a naphthoquinone dye, an anthraquinone dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a carbonium dye, a quinoneimine dye, a methine dye, a cyanine dye, a squarylium dye, a pyrylium salt and a metal thiolate complex.
Of the dyes, a cyanine dye, a squarylium dye, a pyrylium dye, a nickel thiolate complex and an indolenine cyanine dye are particularly preferred. Further, a cyanine dye and an indolenine cyanine dye are preferred. As particularly preferred examples of the dye, a cyanine dye represented by formula (a) shown below is exemplified.
In formula (a), X1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, —NPh2, X2-L1 or a group shown below. X2 represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, L1 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing a hetero atom (a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a halogen atom or a selenium atom) or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and containing a hetero atom. Xa− has the same meaning as Za− defined hereinafter. Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent selected from an alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group and a halogen atom.
R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. From the standpoint of preservation stability of a coating solution for photosensitive layer, it is preferred that R1 and R2 each represents a hydrocarbon group having two or more carbon atoms. Also, R1 and R2 may be combined with each other to form a ring and in case of forming the ring it is particularly preferred to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.
Ar1 and Ar2, which may be the same or different, each represents an aryl group which may have a substituent. Preferred examples of the aryl group include a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring. Preferred examples of the substituent include a hydrocarbon group having 12 or less carbon atoms, a halogen atom and an alkoxy group having 12 or less carbon atoms. Y1 and Y2, which may be the same or different, each represents a sulfur atom or a dialkylmethylene group having 12 or less carbon atoms. R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. Preferred examples of the substituent include an alkoxy group having 12 or less carbon atoms, a carboxyl group and a sulfo group. R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 12 or less carbon atoms. From the standpoint of the availability of raw materials, a hydrogen atom is preferred. Za− represents a counter anion. However, Za− is not necessary when the cyanine dye represented by formula (a) has an anionic substituent in the structure thereof and the neutralization of charge is not needed. Preferred examples of Za− include a halide ion, a perchlorate ion, a tetrafluoroborate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion and a sulfonate ion, and particularly preferred examples thereof include a perchlorate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion and an arylsulfonate ion from the standpoint of the preservation stability of a coating solution for photosensitive layer.
Specific examples of the cyanine dye represented by formula (a) preferably used include compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0017] to [0019] of JP-A-2001-133969, Paragraph Nos. [0016] to [0021] of JP-A-2002-23360 and Paragraph Nos. [0012] to [0037] of JP-A-2002-40638, preferably compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0034] to [0041] of JP-A-2002-278057 and Paragraph Nos. [0080] to [0086] of JP-A-2008-195018, and most preferably compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0035] to [0043] of JP-A-2007-90850.
Further, compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0008] to [0009] of JP-A-5-5005 and Paragraph Nos. [0022] to [0025] of JP-A-2001-222101 can also be preferably used.
The infrared absorbing dyes may be used only one kind or in combination of two or more kinds thereof and may be used together with an infrared absorbing agent other than the infrared absorbing dye, for example, a pigment. As the pigment, compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0072] to [0076] of JP-A-2008-195018 are preferred.
The amount of the sensitizing dye added is preferably in a range from 0.05 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, most preferably from 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total solid content of the photosensitive layer.
The photosensitive layer ordinarily contains a polymerization initiator (hereinafter, also referred to as an initiator compound). In the invention, a radical polymerization initiator is preferably used.
As the initiator compound according to the invention, initiator compounds known to those skilled in the art can be used without restriction. Specifically, the initiator compound includes, for example, a trihalomethyl compound, a carbonyl compound, an organic peroxide, an azo compound, an azide compound, a metallocene compound, a hexaarylbiimidazole compound, an organic boron compound, a disulfone compound, an oxime ester compound, an onium salt compound and a iron arene complex. Among them, at least one compound selected from the hexaarylbiimidazole compound, onium salt compound, trihalomethyl compound and metallocene compound is preferred, and the hexaarylbiimidazole compound is particularly preferred. Two or more kinds of the polymerization initiators may be appropriately used in combination.
The hexaarylbiimidazole compound includes, for example, lophine dimers described in European Patents 24,629 and 107,792 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,410,621, specifically,
The hexaarylbiimidazole compound is particularly preferably used together with a sensitizing dye having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range from 350 to 450 nm.
The onium salt compound preferably includes a sulfonium salt, an iodonium salt and a diazonium salt. Particularly, a diaryliodonium salt or a triarylsulfonium salt is preferably used.
The onium salt compound is particularly preferably used together with an infrared absorbing agent having an absorption maximum in a wavelength range from 750 to 1,400 nm.
As other polymerization initiators, polymerization initiators described in Paragraph Nos. [0071] to [0129] of JP-A-2007-206217 can be preferably used.
The polymerization initiators are preferably used individually or in combination of two or more thereof.
The amount of the polymerization initiator used in the photosensitive layer is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 15% by weight, still more preferably from 1.0 to 10% by weight, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive layer.
Into the photosensitive layer, various additives can be further incorporated, if desired. Examples of the additive include a surfactant for progressing the development property and improving the surface state of coated layer, a microcapsule for providing good compatibility between the development property and printing durability, a hydrophilic polymer for improving the development property and dispersion stability of microcapsule, a coloring agent or print-out agent for visually distinguishing the image area from the non-image area, a polymerization inhibitor for preventing undesirable thermal polymerization of the radical polymerizable compound during the production and preservation of the photosensitive layer, a hydrophobic low molecular weight compound, for example, a higher fatty acid derivative for avoiding polymerization inhibition due to oxygen, a fine inorganic particle or fine organic particle for increasing strength of the cured layer in the image area, a hydrophilic low molecular weight compound for improving the development property, a co-sensitizer or a chain transfer agent for increasing sensitivity, and a plasticizer for improving plasticity. As the additives, known compounds, for example, compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0161] to [0215] of JP-A-2007-206217, Paragraph No. [0067] of JP-T-2005-509192 and Paragraph Nos. [0023] to [0026] and [0059] to [0066] of JP-A-2004-310000 are used. With respect to the surfactant, surfactants which may be added to the developer described hereinafter may also be used.
The photosensitive layer preferably contains a chain transfer agent. The chain transfer agent is defined, for example, in Kobunshi Jiten, Third Edition, pages 683 to 684, edited by The Society of Polymer Science, Japan (2005). As the chain transfer agent, for example, compounds having SH, PH, SiH or GeH in their molecules are used. The compound donates hydrogen to a low active radical species to generate a radical or is oxidized and then deprotonized to generate a radical.
In the photosensitive layer according to the invention, in particular, a thiol compound (for example, a 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, a 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, a 3-mercaptotriazole or a 5-mercaptotetrazole) is preferably used.
The amount of the chain transfer agent added is preferably from 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably from 1 to 10 parts by weight, most preferably from 1 to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total solid content of the photosensitive layer.
The photosensitive layer according to the invention is formed by dispersing or dissolving each of the necessary constituting components described above in a solvent to prepare a coating solution and coating the solution. The solvent used include, for example, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate and γ-butyrolactone, but the invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The solvents may be used individually or as a mixture. The solid content concentration of the coating solution is preferably from 1 to 50% by weight.
The coating amount (solid content) of the photosensitive layer on a support after the coating and drying is preferably from 0.3 to 3.0 g/m2. Various methods can be used for the coating method. Examples of the method include bar coater coating, spin coating, spray coating, curtain coating, dip coating, air knife coating, blade coating and roll coating.
In the lithographic printing plate precursor according to the invention, a protective layer (oxygen-blocking layer) is preferably provided on the photosensitive layer in order to block diffusion and penetration of oxygen which inhibits the polymerization reaction at the time of exposure. As a material for use in the protective layer, any water-soluble polymer and water-insoluble polymer can be appropriately selected to use. The polymers may be used in combination of two or more thereof, if desired. Specifically, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, a modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a water-soluble cellulose derivative and poly(meth)acrylonitrile are exemplified. Among them, a water-soluble polymer compound relatively excellent in crystallizability is preferably used. Specifically, when polyvinyl alcohol is used as a main component, the most preferred results can be obtained in the fundamental characteristics, for example, oxygen-blocking property and removability by development.
Polyvinyl alcohol for use in the protective layer may be partially substituted with ester, ether or acetal as long as it contains unsubstituted vinyl alcohol units for achieving the necessary oxygen-blocking property and water solubility. Also, polyvinyl alcohol may partly have other copolymer component. Polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. As specific examples of the polyvinyl alcohol, those having a hydrolysis degree ranging from 69.0 to 100% by mole and a polymerization repeating unit number ranging from 300 to 2,400 are exemplified. Specific examples thereof include PVA-102, PVA-103, PVA-105, PVA-110, PVA-117, PVA-117H, PVA-120, PVA-124, PVA-124H, PVA-CS, PVA-CST, PVA-HC, PVA-203, PVA-204, PVA-205, PVA-210, PVA-217, PVA-220, PVA-224, PVA-235, PVA-217EE, PVA-217E, PVA-220E, PVA-224E, PVA-403, PVA-405, PVA-420, PVA-424H, PVA-505, PVA-617, PVA-613, PVA-706 and L-8 (produced by Kuraray Co., Ltd.). The polyvinyl alcohols can be used individually or as a mixture. According to a preferred embodiment, the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the protective layer is from 20 to 95% by weight, and more preferably from 30 to 90% by weight.
Also, known modified polyvinyl alcohol can be preferably used. Particularly, an acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol having a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group is preferably used. Specifically, polyvinyl alcohols described in JP-A-2005-250216 and JP-A-2006-259137 are preferably exemplified.
When the polyvinyl alcohol is used as a mixture with other material, as the other material mixed, a modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or a modified product thereof is preferred from the standpoint of the oxygen-blocking property and removability by development. The content thereof in the protective layer is ordinarily from 3.5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, and more preferably from 15 to 30% by weight.
As other component of the protective layer, glycerin, dipropylene glycol or the like can be added in an amount corresponding to several % by weight of the water-soluble polymer compound to provide flexibility. Further, an anionic surfactant, for example, sodium alkylsulfate or sodium alkylsulfonate, an amphoteric surfactant, for example, alkylaminocarboxylate or alkylaminodicarboxylate, or a nonionic surfactant, for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether can be added in an amount corresponding to several % by weight of the water-soluble polymer compound.
Further, it is also preferred to incorporate an inorganic stratiform compound into the protective layer of lithographic printing plate precursor according to the invention for the purpose of improving the oxygen-blocking property and property for protecting the surface of photosensitive layer. Of the inorganic stratiform compounds, fluorine based swellable synthetic mica, which is a synthetic inorganic stratiform compound, is particularly useful. Specifically, inorganic stratiform compounds described in JP-A-2005-119273 are preferably exemplified.
The coating amount of the protective layer is preferably in a range from 0.05 to 10 g/m2 in terms of the coating amount after drying. When the protective layer contains the inorganic stratiform compound, it is more preferably in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/m2, and when the protective layer does not contain the inorganic stratiform compound, it is more preferably in a range from 0.5 to 5 g/m2.
A support for use in the lithographic printing plate precursor according to the invention is not particularly restricted as long as it is a dimensionally stable plate-like hydrophilic support. Particularly, an aluminum plate is preferred. In advance of the use of an aluminum plate, the aluminum plate is preferably subjected to a surface treatment, for example, roughening treatment or anodizing treatment. The roughening treatment of the surface of the aluminum plate is conducted by various methods and includes, for example, mechanical roughening treatment, electrochemical roughening treatment (roughening treatment of electrochemically dissolving the surface) and chemical roughening treatment (roughening treatment of chemically dissolving the surface selectively). With respect to the surface treatments, methods described in Paragraph Nos. [0241] to of JP-2007-206217 are preferably used.
The center line average roughness of the support is preferably from 0.10 to 1.2 μm. In the range described above, good adhesion property to the photosensitive layer and good printing durability and good resistance to stain are achieved.
The color density of the support is preferably from 0.15 to 0.65 in terms of the reflection density value. In the range described above, good image-forming property by preventing halation at the image exposure and good aptitude for plate inspection after development are achieved.
The thickness of the support is preferably from 0.1 to 0.6 mm, more preferably from 0.15 to 0.4 mm, and still more preferably from 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
As for the lithographic printing plate precursor according to the invention, in order to increase hydrophilicity of the non-image area and to prevent printing stain, it is preferred to conduct a hydrophilizing treatment of the surface of support or to provide an undercoat layer (intermediate layer) between the support and the photosensitive layer.
The hydrophilizing treatment of the surface of support includes an alkali metal silicate treatment method wherein the support is subjected to an immersion treatment or an electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution, for example, of sodium silicate, a method of treating with potassium fluorozirconate and a method of treating with polyvinylphosphonic acid. An immersion treatment method in an aqueous polyvinylphosphonic acid solution is preferably used.
As the undercoat layer, an undercoat layer containing a compound having a support-adsorbing group which adsorbs to the support is preferably used. Examples of the support-adsorbing group include an acid group, for example, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group or a sulfonic acid group.
It is preferred for the compound to further have a polymerizable group in order to increase the adhesion property to the photosensitive layer. As the polymerizable group, an ethylenically unsaturated bond group is preferred. Also, a compound further having a hydrophilicity-imparting group, for example, an ethyleneoxy group is exemplified as a preferred compound.
These compounds may be low molecular weight compounds or polymer compounds. These compounds may be used in combination of two or more thereof, if desired. For example, a silane coupling agent having an addition-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated bond group described in JP-A-10-282679 and a phosphorus compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond group described in JP-A-2-304441 are preferably exemplified. It is also preferred to use a low molecular weight compound or polymer compound having a crosslinkable group (preferably an ethylenically unsaturated bond group), a functional group capable of interacting with the surface of support and a hydrophilic group described in JP-A-2005-238816, JP-A-2005-125749, JP-A-2006-239867 and JP-A-2006-215263.
The undercoat layer is coated according a known method. The coating amount (solid content) of the undercoat layer is preferably from 0.1 to 100 mg/m2, and more preferably from 1 to 30 mg/m2.
After subjecting the support to the surface treatment or forming the undercoat layer on the support, a backcoat layer can be provided on the back surface of the support, if desired.
The backcoat layer preferably includes, for example, a layer comprising an organic polymer compound described in JP-A-5-45885 and a coating layer comprising a metal oxide obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation of an organic metal compound or inorganic metal compound described in JP-A-6-35174. Among them, use of an alkoxy compound of silicon, for example, Si(OCH3)4, SKOC2H5)4, Si(OC3H7)4 or Si(OC4H9)4 is preferred since the starting materials are inexpensive and easily available.
The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention comprises exposing imagewise the lithographic printing plate precursor described above and developing the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor with a developer without passing through a heat treatment.
Each of the steps will be described in detail below.
The exposing step is conducted by exposing imagewise the lithographic printing plate precursor with laser through a transparent original having a line image, a halftone dot image or the like, or exposing imagewise the lithographic printing plate precursor, for example, by scanning of laser beam based on digital data, in advance of a development processing.
The wavelength of the exposure light source is preferably from 350 to 450 nm or from 750 to 1,400 nm. In case of exposing with light of 350 to 450 nm, the lithographic printing plate precursor having a photosensitive layer containing a sensitizing dye having an absorption maximum in such a wavelength range is used. In case of exposing with light of 750 to 1,400 nm, the lithographic printing plate precursor containing an infrared absorbing agent which is a sensitizing dye having an absorption maximum in such a wavelength range is used. As the light source of 350 to 450 nm, a semiconductor laser is preferably used. As the light source of 750 to 1,400 nm, a solid laser or semiconductor laser emitting an infrared ray is preferably used. It is preferred to conduct the exposure with laser having a wavelength from 350 to 450 nm on the grounds that the cost can be reduced and that the drawing speed is high and the productivity is high. The exposure mechanism may be any of an internal drum system, an external drum system and a flat bed system.
The exposure energy (irradiation energy) in the exposure with the light source of 350 to 450 nm is preferably 30 μJ/cm2 or more, more preferably 100 μJ/cm2 or more, still more preferably 150 μJ/cm2 or more, and most preferably 250 μJ/cm2 or more. This enables to more increase strength of the image area and to achieve more excellent printing durability.
Also, the exposure energy in the exposure with the light source of 350 to 450 nm is preferably 1,000 μJ/cm2 or less, and more preferably 500 μJ/cm2 or less. This enables to more steadily prevent the increase in halftone dot area caused by the excessive exposure amount and to achieve more excellent halftone dot reproducibility.
Specifically, in the exposing step, it is preferred to expose the lithographic printing plate precursor with the exposure energy from 100 to 1,000 μJ/cm2.
The developing step is a step of developing the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor with a developer without passing through a heat treatment.
The time passing from termination of the imagewise exposure of the lithographic printing plate precursor to contact of the lithographic printing plate precursor with the developer (hereinafter, also referred to as the lapse time) is preferably 10 seconds or more, more preferably 30 seconds or more, and still more preferably one minute or more. By controlling the lapse time for one minute or more, it is possible to more improve the image strength and printing durability. In the case of exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor with laser, the scanning is ordinarily initiated from an edge of the lithographic printing plate precursor and required time from the initiation of exposure to the termination of exposure to cause a lag time between the exposure and the development in the lithographic printing plate precursor. The termination of exposure in the invention means termination of the scanning exposure.
The development processing is preferably conducted by a method of developing with one solution containing a developer having pH from 2.0 to 10.0. According to such one solution development, a lithographic printing plate obtained after the development can be mounted on a printing machine to conduct printing without removal of the developer by washing with water. Temperature of the development is ordinarily approximately from 0 to 60° C., preferably from 10 to 50° C., and more preferably from 15 to 40° C.
The development processing according to the invention is conducted, for example, by a method wherein the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor is immersed in the developer and rubbed with a brush or a method wherein the developer is sprayed to the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor and the lithographic printing plate precursor is rubbed with a brush. For example, it is preferably performed by an automatic development processor equipped with a supplying means for the developer and a rubbing member. An automatic development processor using a rotating brush roller as the rubbing member is particularly preferred.
Further, the automatic development processor is preferably provided with a means for removing the excess developer, for example, a squeeze roller, or a drying means, for example, a hot air apparatus, subsequently to the development processing means.
A specific example of the automatic development processor will be described hereinafter.
The developer for use in the invention is preferably an aqueous solution containing water as the main component (containing 60% by weight or more of water). The pH of the developer is preferably from 2.0 to 10.0, more preferably from 5.0 to 10.0, still more preferably from 6.0 to 10.0, and most preferably from 6.9 to 9.9.
The developer may contain an alkali agent. When the developer contains the alkali agent, the pH thereof is preferably in a range form 8.0 to 10.0, more preferably from 9.0 to 10.0, and still more preferably from 9.2 to 9.9. When the developer dose not contain the alkali agent, the pH thereof is preferably in a range form 2.0 to 9.0, more preferably from 4.0 to 8.0, and still more preferably from 4.5 to 7.5.
The developer for use in the invention preferably contains a surfactant. The surfactant used includes, for example, anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.
The anionic surfactant described above is not particularly restricted and includes, for example, fatty acid salts, abietic acid salts, hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid salts, alkanesulfonic acid salts, dialkylsulfosuccinic acid salts, straight-chain alkylbenzenesulfonic acid salts, branched alkylbenzenesulfonic acid salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid salts, alkyldiphenylether (di)sulfonic acid salts, alkylphenoxy polyoxyethylene propylsulfonic acid salts, polyoxyethylene alkylsulfophenyl ether salts, N-methyl-N-oleyltaurine sodium salt, N-alkylsulfosuccinic acid monoamide disodium salts, petroleum sulfonic acid salts, sulfated castor oil, sulfated beef tallow oil, sulfate ester slats of fatty acid alkyl ester, alkyl sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salts, fatty acid monoglyceride sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate ester salts, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether sulfate ester salts, alkyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphate ester salts, partially saponified products of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, partially saponified products of olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer and naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensates. Of the compounds, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid salts and alkyldiphenylether (di)sulfonic acid salts are particularly preferably used.
The cationic surfactant described above is not particularly restricted and includes, for example, alkylamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl amine salts and polyethylene polyamine derivatives.
The nonionic surfactant described above is not particularly restricted and includes, for example, polyethylene glycol type higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, alkylnaphthol ethylene oxide adducts, phenol ethylene oxide adducts, naphthol ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid ethylene oxide adducts, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester ethylene oxide adducts, higher alkylamine ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid amide ethylene oxide adducts, ethylene oxide addacts of fat, polypropylene glycol ethylene oxide adducts, dimethylsiloxane-ethylene oxide block copolymers, dimethylsiloxane-(propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymers, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohol type glycerol, fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol and sorbitan, fatty acid esters of sucrose, alkyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acid amides of alkanolamines. Of the compounds, those having an aromatic ring and an ethylene oxide chain are preferred and alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted phenol ethylene oxide adducts and alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted naphthol ethylene oxide adducts are more preferred.
The amphoteric surfactant described above is not particularly restricted and includes, for example, amine oxide type, for example, alkyldimethylamine oxide, betaine type, for example, alkyl betaine and amino acid type, for example, sodium salt of alkylamino fatty acid.
In particular, an alkyldimethylamine oxide which may have a substituent, an alkyl carboxy betaine which may have a substituent and an alkyl sulfo betaine which may have a substituent are preferably used. Specific examples of the compound are described, for example, in Paragraph Nos. [0255] to [0278] of JP-A-2008-203359 and Paragraph Nos. [0028] to [0052] of JP-A-2008-276166.
Two or more of the surfactants may be used in combination. The content of the surfactant in the developer is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight.
Also, the developer according to the invention may contain a water-soluble polymer compound. The water-soluble polymer compound includes, for example, soybean polysaccharide, modified starch, gum arabic, dextrin, a cellulose derivative (for example, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose) or a modified product thereof, pllulan, polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, an acrylamide copolymer, a vinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer, a vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride copolymer, a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer and polystyrenesulfonic acid.
As the soybean polysaccharide, known soybean polysaccharide can be used. For example, as a commercial product, SOYAFIVE (trade name, produced by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.) is available and various grade products can be used. The soybean polysaccharide preferably used is that having viscosity in a range of 10 to 100 mPa/sec in the 10% by weight aqueous solution thereof
As the modified starch, known modified starch can be used. The modified starch can be prepared, for example, by a method wherein starch, for example, of corn, potato, tapioca, rice or wheat is decomposed, for example, with an acid or an enzyme to an extent that the number of glucose residue per molecule is from 5 to 30 and then oxypropylene is added thereto in an alkali.
Two or more of the water-soluble polymer compounds may be used in combination. The content of the water-soluble polymer compound in the developer is preferably from 0.1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight.
The developer for use in the invention preferably further contains a pH buffer agent.
As the pH buffer agent used in the invention, a buffer agent exhibiting a buffer function in a pH range of 2.0 to 10.0 is preferably used and a pH buffer agent functioning in a weak alkaline range is more preferably used. Specifically, for example, (a) a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion, (b) a borate ion, (c) an organic amine compound and an ion of the organic amine compound, and combinations thereof are exemplified. Specifically, for example, (a) a combination of a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion, (b) a borate ion, or (c) a combination of an organic amine compound and an ion of the organic amine compound exhibits a pH buffer function in the developer to prevent fluctuation of the pH even when the developer is used for a long period of time. As a result, for example, the deterioration of development property resulting from the fluctuation of pH and the occurrence of development scum are restrained. The combination (a) of a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion or the combination (c) of an organic amine compound and an ion of the organic amine compound is particularly preferred.
In order for a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion to be present in the developer, a carbonate and a hydrogen carbonate may be added to the developer or a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion may be generated by adding a carbonate or a hydrogen carbonate to the developer and then adjusting the pH. The carbonate or hydrogen carbonate used is not particularly restricted and it is preferably an alkali metal salt thereof. Examples of the alkali metal include lithium, sodium and potassium and sodium is particularly preferred. The alkali metals may be used individually or in combination of two or more thereof.
When the combination (a) of a carbonate ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion is adopted as the pH buffer agent, the total amount of the carbonate ion and hydrogen carbonate ion is preferably from 0.05 to 5 mole/l, more preferably from 0.1 to 2 mole/l, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 1 mole/l, in the developer. When the total amount is 0.05 mole/1 or more the development property and processing ability are hardly degraded. When the total amount is 5 mole/1 or less, precipitates and crystals hardly generate and since gelation at neutralization of waste liquid of the developer hardly occur, treatment of the waste liquid can be carried out without trouble.
When (b) a borate ion is adopted as the pH buffer agent, the total amount of the borate ion is preferably from 0.05 to 5 mole/l, more preferably from 0.1 to 2 mole/l, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 1 mole/l, in the developer. When the amount of the borate is 0.05 mole/1 or more, the development property and processing ability are hardly degraded. When the amount of the borate is 5 mole/1 or less, precipitates and crystals hardly generate and since gelation at neutralization of waste liquid of the developer hardly occur, treatment of the waste liquid can be carried out without trouble.
The organic amine compound and an ion of the organic amine compound are not particularly restricted and is preferably a di- or tri-alkanolamine compound which is substituted with an alkyl group having at least one hydroxy group and an ion thereof. The alkyl group having at least one hydroxy group may further have a substituent selected from a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a nitrile group, a (hetero)aromatic group and a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group. The alkyl group is preferably that having 15 or less carbon atoms, more preferably that having 12 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably that having 8 or less carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the alkanol group include HO—CH2—*, HO—CH2—CH2—*, HO—CH2—CH2—CH2*, CH3—CH(OH)—CH2—*, CH3—C(OH)(CH3)—*, HO—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—*, CH3—CH(CH3)—CH(OH)—*, CH3—CH(C2H5)—CH(OH)—*, CH3—C(CH3)(OH)—CH2—*, HO—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—*, HO—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—CH2—*, CH3—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—CH2—CH2—*, CH3—CH(CH3)—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—*, CH3—CH(C2H5)—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—*, HO—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—*, HO—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—*, CH3—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—* and CH3—CH(CH3)—CH2—C(C2H5)(OH)—CH2—CH2—CH2—*, wherein * denotes a connecting cite to N of the amine group.
Specific examples of the di- or tri-alkanolamine include triethanolamine, diethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, trishydroxymethylaminomethane and triisopropanolamine.
The developer preferably contains a salt composed of a reaction product of an acid and an amine. Thus, an ion of the organic amine compound is generated.
Also, the developer preferably contains a salt composed of a reaction product of at least any acid of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid and a di- or tri-alkanolamine.
When the combination (C) of an organic amine compound and an ion of the organic amine compound is used as the pH buffer agent, the amount thereof is preferably from 0.005 to 5 mole/l, more preferably from 0.01 to 2 mole/l, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 1 mole/l, in terms of molar concentration of the developer. When the total amount of the organic amine compound and ion is in the range described above, the development property and processing ability do not degrade and treatment of the waste liquid is easily carried out.
When the pH buffer agent is the salt composed of a reaction product of at least any acid of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid and a di- or tri-alkanolamine, the amount thereof is preferably at least 0.02 mole/l, more preferably at least 0.1 mole/l, particularly preferably at least 0.15 mole/l, and is preferably 5 mole/l or less, more preferably 2.5 mole/1 or less, particularly preferably 1 mole/1 or less, in terms of molar concentration in the developer. A weight ratio of the amine to the acid is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.4 or more, most preferably 0.75 or more, and is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 12 or less, still more preferably 5 or less.
The developer may contain an enzyme (preferably a hydrolytic enzyme). By processing with the developer containing an enzyme, improvement in the stain preventing property and prevention of the occurrence of development scum can be achieved because the ethylenically unsaturated compound is hydrolyzed to increase hydrophilicity in the developer. Further, in the case of hydrolysis of an ester group, since polarity conversion (polarity conversion from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity) is utilized, penetration of the developer into the image area hardly occurs so that the improvement in the stain preventing property and prevention of the occurrence of development scum can be achieved while maintaining the sensitivity and printing durability.
With respect to the enzyme for use in the invention, the kind thereof is not particularly restricted, as long as the enzyme has a function of preventing the occurrence of development scum in the development processing of a lithographic printing plate precursor having a photopolymerizable photosensitive layer. The groups of enzymes as described in Koso Handbook, Third Edition, edited by Tatsuhiko Yagi et al, Asakura Publishing Co., Ltd. are appropriately used. In particular, for the purpose of decomposition and solubilization of the polymerizable compound (ethylenically unsaturated compound), the hydrolytic enzymes belonging to the enzyme number (EC number) of Group EC3. according to the Enzyme Commission of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) are preferably used. Since the ethylenically unsaturated compounds are composed, for example, of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom and a halogen atom in many cases, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a carboxylic acid ester bond, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a phosphoric acid ester, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a sulfuric acid ester, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing an ether bond, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a thioether structure, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a peptide bond, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a carbon-nitrogen bond, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a carbon-carbon bond, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a carbon-halogen bond and the like are exemplified as preferred enzymes. The enzymes capable of hydrolyzing at least one member selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an amido bond, a tertiary amino group, a urethane bond, a urea bond, a thiourethane bond and a thiourea bond are more preferred.
Of the enzymes, those belonging to Group EC3.1 (ester hydrolytic enzyme) and Group EC3.4 (peptide bond hydrolytic enzyme) are preferred, and EC3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase), EC3.4.11.1 (leucyl aminopeptidase), EC3.4.21.62 (subtilisin), EC3.4.21.63 (oryzin), EC3.4.22.2 (papain), EC3.4.22.32 (stem bromelain), EC3.4.23.18 (aspergillopepsin I), EC3.4.24.25 (vibriolysin), EC3.4.24.27 (thermolysin) and EC3.4.24.28 (bacillolysin) are preferred. Further, EC3.1.1.3, EC3.4.21.14, EC3.4.21.62 and EC3.4.21.63 are most preferred.
As described above, in view of the development property and environment the pH of the developer is preferably from 2 to 11, more preferably from 5 to 10.7, still more preferably from 6 to 10.5, and particularly preferably from 6.9 to 10.3.
From this point of view, as the enzyme, an alkali enzyme is preferably used. The term “alkali enzyme” as used herein means an enzyme which has an optimum pH range in an alkaline range. The enzyme having the optimum pH range from 7.0 to 11.0 is preferred. The enzyme having an optimum temperature range from 20 to 60° C. is preferred, and that having an optimum temperature range from 30 to 55° C. is more preferred.
Specifically, an enzyme capable of mainly hydrolyzing an ester group of the monomer under an alkali condition, for example, alkali protease or alkali lipase is preferred. As the alkali protease, enzymes of microbial origin, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus stearothermophilus, papaya latex, papaya, Ananas comosus M, Pig pancreas, Bacillus lichenifonnis, Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus sp., Bacillus lentus, Bacillus sp. and Bacillus clausii are exemplified. As the alkali lipase, enzymes of microbial origin, for example, Candida cylindracea, Humicola lanuginosa, Psudomonas, Mucor sp., Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus japonics, Aspergillus niger, Mucor javanicus, Penicillium camemberti, Rhizopus oryzae, Candida rugosa, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizopus delemar, Psendomonas sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizomucor miehei, Bacillus sp. and Alcaligenes sp. are exemplified.
More specifically, Lipase PL, Lipase QLM, Lipase SL, Lipase MY and Lipase OF (produced by Dai-Nippon Meiji Sugar Co., Ltd.), Newlase F3G, Lipase A “Amano”, Lipase AY “Amano” 30G, Lipase G “Amano” 50, Lipase R “Amano”, Lipase AS “Amano”, Umamizayme G, Papain W-40, Protease A “Amano” G, Protease N “Amano” G, Protease NL “Amano”, Protease P “Amano” 3G, Protease S “Amano” G, Bromelain F, Proleather FG-F, Peptidase R, Thermoase PC10F, Protin SD-ACIOF, Protin SD-AY10, Protin SD-PC10F, Protin SD-NY10, Spleen digestive enzyme TA, Prozyme, Prozyme 6, Semi-Alkaline Proteinase, Lipase AYS “Amano”, Lipase PS “Amano” SD, Lipase AK “Amano”, Lipase PS “Amano” IM, Protease N “Amano”, Protease S “Amano”, Acylase “Amano” and D-Amino acylase “Amano” (produced by Amano Enzyme Inc.), Alcalase, Espelase, Sabinase, Ebalase, Kannase, Lipolase, Lipex, NS44020, NS44120, NS44060, NS44114, NS44126 and NS44160 produced by Novozymes Japan Ltd.), Alkaline protease (produced by Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Aroase XA-10 (produced by Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd.), Alkali Protease GL, Protex 6L, Purafect, Purafect OX, Propelase, Protex OXG and Protex 40L (produced by Genencor Kyowa Co., Ltd.), Sumizyme MP (produced by Shin-Nihon Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Bioplase OP, Bioplase AL-15KG, Bioplase 30G, Bioplase APL-30, Bioplase XL-416F, Bioplase SP-20FG, Bioplase SP-4FG and Protease CL-15 (produced by Nagase Chemtex Corp.), Orientase (produced by HBI Enzymes Inc.) and Enzylon SA (produced by Rakuto Kasei Industry Co., Ltd.) are exemplified.
With respect to the method for introduction of the enzyme, the enzyme may be directly incorporated into the developer or may be added at the time of processing of a lithographic printing plate precursor. Also, the development processing may be conducted while supplying the enzyme to the developer.
The amount of the enzyme added is preferably from 0.0001 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.001 to 0.3% by weight, based on the total amount of the developer.
The developer may contain a preservative, a chelating compound, a defoaming agent, an organic acid, an inorganic acid, an inorganic salt or the like in addition the components described above. Specifically, compounds described in Paragraph Nos. [0266] to [0270] of JP-A-2007-206217 are preferably used.
The developer can also be used as a development replenisher. In the case of conducting the development processing using an automatic development processor, the developer becomes fatigued in accordance with the processing amount, and hence the processing ability may be restored using a replenisher or a fresh developer.
After the developing step, a drying step is preferably conducted.
With respect to the drying means, a heating means is not particularly restricted and a heating means ordinarily used in the drying of such a lithographic printing plate precursor can be used without particular restrictions. Specifically, the heating can be conducted, for example, with hot air, infrared ray or far-infrared ray.
The plate surface temperature of the lithographic printing plate precursor in the drying step is ordinarily from 30 to 80° C., preferably from 40 to 80° C., more preferably from 50 to 80° C., and particularly preferably from 60 to 80° C. When the plate surface temperature is low, the lithographic printing plate precursor is not sufficiently dried to cause a problem of stickiness or the like. When the plate surface temperature is too high, the volatile components volatilize so that odor generation is more likely to occur.
The plate surface temperature in the drying step means temperature in a position corresponding to the center on the processed side of the aluminum lithographic printing plate precursor immediately after the drying step. The plate surface temperature is temperature determined by noncontact measurement using a radiation thermometer. The heating time in the drying step is preferably from 1 to 20 seconds, and more preferably from 5 to 10 seconds.
One preferred embodiment of the method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention is a method of preparing a lithographic printing plate wherein the developer contains a surfactant, the protective layer and the unexposed area of the photosensitive layer are removed at the same time in the presence of the developer, and which method does not comprise a water washing step. According to the embodiment, conventional removal of protective layer, development processing and gum solution treatment can be conducted with one bath so that the processing step can be remarkably simplified.
The term “does not comprise a water washing step” as used herein means that any water washing step is not involved between the exposing step of a lithographic printing plate precursor and the completion of the preparation of a lithographic printing plate through the development processing step. Specifically, according to the embodiment, a lithographic printing plate is prepared without undergoing a water washing step not only between the exposing step and the development processing step but also after the development processing step. The lithographic printing plate prepared can be used for printing as it is.
In addition, in the plate making process of a lithographic printing plate from the lithographic printing plate precursor according to the invention, for the purpose of increasing the image strength and printing durability, the image after the development may be subjected to entire after-heating or entire exposure. The heating after the development is preferably conducted using very strong conditions and is ordinarily carried out in a temperature range from 100 to 500° C. When the temperature is 100° C. or more, a sufficient effect of strengthening the image may be obtained, whereas when it is 500° C. or less, problems of deterioration of the support and thermal decomposition of the image area may hardly occur.
One example of the automatic development processor for use in the method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention is briefly described with reference to
An automatic development processor 100 shown in
In the developing unit 300, a slit type insertion slot 312 is provided in the outer panel 310.
In the inside of the developing unit 300, a processing tank 306 having a developing tank 308 filled with a developer and an insertion roller pair 304 for guiding the lithographic printing plate precursor into the inside of the processing tank 306 are disposed. A shielding cover 324 is located above the developing tank 308.
In the inside of the developing tank 308, a guide roller 344 and a guide member 342, a submerged roller pair 316, a brush roller pair 322, a brush roller pair 326 and a carrying-out roller pair 318 are provided in order from the upstream side of the transporting direction of lithographic printing plate precursor. The lithographic printing plate precursor transported into the developing tank 308 is immersed in the developer and the non-image area is removed by passing between the rotating brush roller pairs 322 and 326.
A spray pipe 330 is provided under the brush roller pairs 322 and 326. The spray pipe 330 is connected to a pump (not shown) and the developer in the developing tank 308 sucked by the pump is ejected from the spray pipe 330 in the developing tank 308.
On a sidewall of the developing tank 308, an overflow aperture 51 is provided to form a top edge of a first circulation pipeline C1. The excess developer flows in the overflow aperture 51, passes through the first circulation pipeline C1 and is discharged in an external tank 50 provided outside the developing unit 300.
To the external tank 50 is connected a second circulation pipeline C2 and a filter unit 54 and a developer supply pump 55 are located in the second circulation pipeline C2. The developer is supplied from external tank 50 to the developing tank 308 by the developer supply pump 55. In the external tank 50, level meters 52 and 53 are provided.
The developing tank 308 is also connected to a water tank for replenishment 71 through a third circulation pipeline C3. A water-replenishing pump 72 is located in the third circulation pipeline C3 and water pooled in the water tank for replenishment 71 is supplied to the developing bath 308 by the water-replenishing pump 72.
A liquid temperature sensor 336 is provided on the upstream side of the submerged roller pair 316. A liquid level meter 338 is provided on the upstream side of the carrying-out roller pair 318.
In a partition board 332 placed between the developing unit 300 and the drying unit 400, a slit type pass-through slot 334 is provided. Also, a shutter (not shown) is provided along a passage between the developing unit 300 and the drying unit 400 and the passage is closed by the shutter when the lithographic printing plate precursor does not pass through the passage.
In the drying unit 400, a support roller 402, ducts 410 and 412, a transport roller pair 406, ducts 410 and 412 and a transport roller pair 408 are disposed in this order. A slit hole 414 is provided at the top of each of the ducts 410 and 412. In the drying unit 400, a drying means (not shown), for example, a hot air supplying means or a heat generating means, is also provided. The drying unit 400 has a discharge slot 404 and the lithographic printing plate dried by the drying means is discharged through the discharge slot 404.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. With respect to the polymer compound used in the examples, a ratio of repeating units is indicated as a mole percent.
An aluminum plate (material: 1050, refining: H16) having a thickness of 0.24 mm was immersed in an aqueous 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution maintained at 65° C. to conduct a degreasing treatment for one minute, followed by washed with water. The aluminum plate degreased was immersed in an aqueous 10% by weight hydrochloric acid solution maintained at 25° C. for one minute to neutralize, followed by washed with water. Subsequently, the aluminum plate was subjected to an electrolytic surface-roughening treatment with alternating current under condition of current density of 100 A/dm2 in an aqueous 0.3% by weight hydrochloric acid solution at 25° C. for 60 seconds and then subjected to a desmut treatment in an aqueous 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution maintained at 60° C. for 10 seconds. The roughened aluminum plate desmut-treated was subjected to an anodizing treatment under condition of current density of 10 A/dm2 and voltage of 15 V in an aqueous 15% by weight sulfuric acid solution at 25° C. for one minute and then subjected to a hydrophilizing treatment using an aqueous 1% by weight polyvinylphosphonic acid solution at 75° C., thereby preparing Support (1). The surface roughness of the support was measured and found to be 0.44 μm (Ra indication according to AS B 0601).
An aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm was immersed in an aqueous 10% by weight sodium hydroxide solution at 60° C. for 25 seconds to effect etching, washed with running water, neutralized and cleaned with an aqueous 20% by weight nitric acid solution and then washed with water. The aluminum plate was subjected to an electrolytic surface roughening treatment in an aqueous 1% by weight nitric acid solution using an alternating current with a sinusoidal waveform at an anode time electricity of 300 coulomb/dm2. Subsequently, the aluminum plate was immersed in an aqueous 1% by weight sodium hydroxide solution at 40° C. for 5 seconds, immersed in an aqueous 30% by weight sulfuric acid solution at 60° C. for 40 seconds to effect a desmut treatment, and then subjected to an anodizing treatment in an aqueous 20% by weight sulfuric acid solution for 2 minutes under condition of current density of 2 A/dm2 so as to form an anodic oxide film having a thickness of 2.7 g/m2. The surface roughness of the support was measured and found to be 0.28 μm (Ra indication according to JIS B 0601).
On the aluminum plate thus-treated was coated Undercoat solution (1) shown below using a bar coater, followed by drying at 100° C. for 30 seconds. The coating amount of the undercoat layer after drying was 18 mg/m2.
Undercoat Compound (2)
In the manner described above, Support (2) having an undercoat layer was prepared.
Support (3) was prepared by conducting the same procedure in the preparation of Support (2) except for changing Undercoat solution (1) to Undercoat solution (2) shown below.
Coating solutions 1 to 20 for photosensitive layer having the composition shown below were coated on Support (1), Support (2) or Support (3) using a bar coater and dried at 90° C. for one minute to form Photosensitive layers 1 to 20, respectively. The dry coating amount of the photosensitive layer was 1.35 g/m2.
(Coating solutions 1 to 17 and 20 for photosensitive layer)
In Table 1, the number of functional groups means a number of polymerizable groups.
EO represents an ethylene oxy group derived from an ethoxy group, PO represents a propylene group derived from a propoxy group, and the molar number denotes a number of groups present per mole of the compound.
Binder Polymer (B-5)
Sensitizing Dye (D-3)
Sensitizing Dye (D-4)
Sensitizing Dye (D-5)
Chain Transfer Agent (S-2)
Coating solution (1) for protective layer having the composition shown below was coated on the photosensitive layer using a bar so as to have a dry coating amount of 1.2 g/m2 and dried at 125° C. for 70 seconds to form a protective layer, thereby preparing a lithographic printing plate precursor.
In a violet semiconductor laser plate setter Vx9600 produced by FUJIFILM Electronic Imaging Ltd. in which an InGaN semiconductor laser (emission: 405 nm±10 nm/output: 30 mW) had been replaced with a semiconductor laser having output of 100 mW (InGaN semiconductor laser having emission at 405 nm±10 nm), each lithographic printing plate precursor having the support, photosensitive layer and protective layer as shown in Table 2 was imagewise exposed in a plate surface exposure amount (irradiation energy) shown in Table 2. The exposed lithographic printing plate precursor was then subjected to development processing, without conducting heat treatment (preheat treatment), by an automatic development processor having the structure shown in
The pH was adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid to the developer having the composition above.
The pH was adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid to the developer having the composition above. Developer 2 contained 0.03 mol/l of salt composed of a reaction product of phosphoric acid and triethanolamine.
The pH of the developer was 6.5. Developer 3 contained 0.03 mol/l of salt composed of a reaction product of phosphoric acid and triethanolamine.
The same procedure was conducted as in Example 1 except for changing the time passing from termination of the exposure of the lithographic printing plate precursor to contact of the lithographic printing plate precursor with the developer to 30 seconds.
The lithographic printing plate obtained was mounted on a printing machine (SOR-M, produced by Heidelberg) and printing was performed at a printing speed of 6,000 sheets per hour using dampening water (EU-3 (etching solution, produced by FUJIFILM Corp.))/water/isopropyl alcohol=1/89/10 (by volume ratio)) and TRANS-G (N) Black Ink (produced by DIC Graphics Corp.).
<Halftone dot reproducibility>
As to the 50% halftone dot on the lithographic printing plate obtained by the development after the above-mentioned lapse time of one minute, the halftone dot reproducibility of the image area (hereinafter, also referred to as 50% halftone dot reproducibility) was measured using iCPlate II (produced by Gretag Macbeth). A case where the halftone dot reproducibility is from 50 to 58% denotes that the sensitivity is excellent and the halftone dot reproducibility is excellent.
Variation of the halftone dot reproducibility was evaluated when the lapse time after the laser exposure by plate setter was changed. As a value of stability of halftone dot reproduction obtained by the formula shown below is smaller, the stability of halftone dot reproduction is more excellent, and the value of 5% or less is considered as the acceptable range.
Stability of halftone dot reproduction=(50% halftone dot reproducibility when the lapse time is 5 minutes)−(50% halftone dot reproducibility when the lapse time is one minute)
As increase in the number of printed materials, the image of photosensitive layer formed on the lithographic printing plate was gradually abraded to cause decrease in the ink receptivity, resulting in decrease of ink density of the image on printing paper. A number of printed materials obtained until the ink density (reflection density) decreased by 0.1 from that at the initiation of printing was determined to evaluate the printing durability. In the evaluation of printing durability, the above-mentioned lapse time was one minute.
The results obtained are shown in Table 2. In Example 32, since the lapse time was 30 seconds, the stability of halftone dot reproduction was not evaluated.
From the results shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention can form the image area exhibiting good printing durability and halftone dot reproducibility and is excellent in the stability of halftone dot reproduction, even without conducting the preheat treatment.
As described above, the method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention provides a lithographic printing plate exhibiting good printing durability and halftone dot reproducibility, even when the preheating step is omitted. Also, even when the time passing after the exposure to the development is varied, the stable halftone dot reproducibility is obtained. Further, since a preheat unit of the automatic development processor is able to be omitted, there are merits, for example, simplification of the processing steps, consideration for global environment, space saving and adaptation to a low running cost.
The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate according to the invention is capable of forming an image area which is cured at high sensitivity and has good printing durability and halftone dot reproducibility and capable of preparing a lithographic printing plate capable of easily reproducing a halftone dot image because of excellent stability of halftone dot reproduction to exhibit a small restriction on setting of the time described above, even without conducting a preheat treatment.
Although the invention has been described in detail and by reference to specific embodiments, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that it is possible to add various alterations and modifications insofar as the alterations and modifications do not deviate from the spirit and the scope of the invention.
This application is based on a Japanese patent application filed on Aug. 31, 2010 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-195228) and Japanese patent application filed on Aug. 19, 2011 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-179776), and the contents thereof are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-195228 | Aug 2010 | JP | national |
| 2011-179776 | Aug 2011 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2011/068892 | Aug 2011 | US |
| Child | 13766226 | US |
