Patent Application
20120179166
The embodiments of the invention generally relate to robotic surgical systems. More particularly, the embodiments of the invention relate to a guide system for one or more laminated constant force spring (CFS) assemblies.
Previously, counterbalancing has been used for placement of robotic surgical arms in a static position prior to surgery. However, conventional counterbalancing mechanisms suffer from a number of disadvantages.
For instance, previously, robotic surgical arms have been positioned using conventional counterbalancing mechanisms. One conventional counterbalancing mechanism involves a constant force spring (CFS) assembly that controls the winding and unwinding of a spring member having at most three (3) laminations, namely three layers of material placed substantially in parallel and substantially in close physical proximity to each other, which wind and unwind from a common cylindrical drum.
This maximum number of laminations is partly due to the fact that, as the spring assembly is moved along a straight line of transport, the sections of the individual laminations (or layers) begin to separate from each other. Moreover, as the number of laminations increase, the separation becomes more pronounced, requiring more and more space for the spring assembly to operate. This poses a substantial problem where space for a counterbalance system is limited. Such limits are imposed by size requirements for the robotic surgical system.
In addition, the conventional counterbalancing mechanisms have failed to provide a high degree of safety, reliability and mechanical redundancy, since such mechanisms do not sufficiently spread the tension force in the event of a failure by one of the laminations within the spring assembly. In other words, the presence of two or three laminations within the spring assembly does not provide an acceptable level of safety because the failure of one lamination would result in a substantial reduction of the counterbalance force (e.g., 33-50% of the counterbalanced weight). In addition, carrying higher loads in a spring lamination adversely reduces the useful life of the spring assembly so that it will not likely survive for the entire expected life of the robotic surgical system.
The embodiments of the invention are summarized by the claims that follow below.
The invention may best be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings that are used to illustrate embodiments of the invention.
The embodiments of the invention are related to a guide system for one or more laminated constant force spring assemblies. According to one embodiment of the invention, the guide system is based on rolling elements that can be bearing or bushing supported, to reduce friction present as the spring members move past the roller elements. As alternative embodiments of the invention, the guide system may be based on a static guide surface or a moving guide surface.
In the following description, certain terminology is used to describe features of the invention. For example, the term “lamination” is generally defined as a strip of material placed substantially in parallel and in close physical proximity with other strips of material to collectively form a spring member. The laminations in a spring member typically wind around a common drum. These strips of material are biased to gravitate toward a “wound” state. Examples of types of material forming the lamination may include, but are not limited or restricted to a strip of metal or metal alloy (e.g., stainless steel). According to one embodiment of the invention, the strips of material (or laminations) forming a spring member are affixed together only at one end, but remain in close proximity to each other due to this affixation and the tension applied to the laminations. According to another embodiment of the invention, the strips of material (or laminations) forming the spring member are affixed together at both ends. In either case, one end of the spring member is wound around a drum as part of a constant force spring (CFS) assembly.
A “spring assembly” is generally defined as one or more constant force spring (CFS) assemblies, each of which includes a spring member.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments of the invention.
A. Robotic Surgical System
Referring now to
A user or operator O (generally a surgeon) performs a minimally invasive surgical procedure on patient P by manipulating control input devices 160 at a master control console 150. A computer 151 of the console 150 directs movement of robotically controlled endoscopic surgical instruments 101A-101C via control lines 159, effecting movement of the instruments using a robotic patient-side system 152 (also referred to as a “patient-side cart”).
The robotic patient-side system 152 includes one or more robotic arms 158. Typically, the robotic patient-side system 152 includes at least three robotic surgical arms 158A-158C (generally referred to as robotic surgical arms 158) supported by corresponding positioning set-up arms 156. The central robotic surgical arm 158C may support an endoscopic camera 101C. The robotic surgical arms 158A and 158B to the left and right of center, may support tissue manipulation tools 101A and 101B, respectively.
Generally, as shown in this embodiment of the invention, the robotic patient-side system 152 includes a positioning portion and a driven portion. The positioning portion of the robotic patient-side system 152 remains in a fixed configuration during surgery while manipulating tissue. The driven portion of the robotic patient-side system 152 is actively articulated under the direction of the operator O generating control signals at the surgeon's console 150 during surgery. The “driven portion” of the robotic patient-side system 152 may include, but is not limited or restricted to robotic surgical arms 158A-158C.
As an exemplary embodiment, the “positioning portion” of the robotic patient-side system 152 that is in a fixed configuration during surgery may include, but is not limited or restricted to “set-up arms” 156. Each set-up arm 156 may include a plurality of links and a plurality of joints. Each set-up arm may mount via a first set-up-joint 157 to a housing 310 that may be moveably attached to a cart column 200, as is further described below with reference to
An assistant A may assist in pre-positioning of the robotic patient-side system 152 relative to patient P as well as swapping tools or instruments 101 for alternative tool structures, and the like, while viewing the internal surgical site via an assistant's display 154.
B. Robotic Patient-Side System
Referring now to
Excluding a monitor arm 154, each robotic surgical arm 158 is used to control robotic surgical tools 101A-101C. Moreover, each robotic surgical arm 158 is coupled to a set-up arm 156 that is in turn coupled to a carriage housing 310 in one embodiment of the invention, as described below with reference to
The robotic patient-side system 152 generally has dimensions suitable for transporting between operating rooms. It typically can fit through standard operating room doors and onto standard hospital elevators. The robotic patient-side system 152 may have a weight and a wheel (or other transportation) system that allows the cart to be positioned adjacent an operating table by a single attendant. The robotic patient-side system 152 may be sufficiently stable during transport to avoid tipping, and to easily withstand overturning moments that may be imposed at the ends of the robotic arms during use.
Referring to
According to this embodiment of the invention, counterbalance subsystem 300 comprises a carriage housing 310 that includes a first housing portion 312 and a second housing portion 314 (collectively housing portions 312 and 314 form the carriage housing 310). The second housing portion 314 is adapted to cover and protect one or more linear bearing assemblies that enable mobility along the rail 370 and corresponding roller elements as shown in
As shown, first housing portion 312 is adapted to house one or more laminated constant force spring (CFS) assemblies 320A-320N (N≧1) that comprise the spring assembly 350. Carriage housing 310 is moved in a substantially vertical direction supported by the winding and unwinding of one or more spring members of the spring assembly 350, such as CFS assemblies 320A 320B. In other words, the winding and unwinding operations by the CFS assemblies 320A-320B exert a relatively constant upward force, counterbalancing the weight of set-up and robotic arms (such as set-up arm 156 illustrated in
The first housing portion 312 comprises a top surface 315 that includes a recessed area (also referred to as a pocket) 316 with a slot 317. More specifically, an end of the set-up arm (not shown) is mounted on the top surface 315 and secured to the carriage housing by fasteners such as bolts. The slot (also referred to as a clearance hole) 317 may be used to feed electrical cabling through the set-up arm to control the robotic surgical arm. As an optional embodiment, it is contemplated that the set-up arm may be secured to the first housing portion 312 by any other attachment mechanism and, in fact, may be secured to other surfaces of the carriage housing 310 besides its top surface 315.
Referring still to
The locking pulley 392 allows the cables 385 to be rotated, but has a locking mechanism that halts further rotation of the cables 385 until unlocked. By halting rotation by the locking pulley 392, the carriage housing 310 is retained at the desired height by the cables 385. For instance, when the carriage housing 310 is lowered vertically down the rail 370, the cables 385 and pulleys 390,392, are rotated in a clockwise direction. Likewise, when the carriage housing 310 is vertically translated upward toward a top cap portion 220 of the cart column 200, the cables 385 and pulleys 390,392, undergo a counter-clockwise rotation.
Referring to
Herein, each of the spring members 360 and 365 include a plurality of laminations, such as four or more layers of material (laminations) with a first end 355 of the spring assembly 350 being attached to the top cap portion 220 of cart column 200 by bolting, laser welding, or any other method of attachment. As an example, the first spring member 360 includes at least seven laminations and perhaps up to nine laminations. The second spring member 365 includes at least seven laminations or perhaps ranges between seven to nine laminations. The number of laminations selected is based in part on the weight of the arms that are to be supported by the carriage housing 310. In one embodiment of the invention, each layer of lamination is a strip of stainless steel approximately three (3) inches wide, sixty-seven to seventy-five (67-75) inches long, and twenty-thousandths of an inch (0.020) thick.
Of course, it is contemplated that spring assembly 350 may comprise a plurality of CFS assemblies with multiple spring members having multiple laminations or a single CFS assembly with a single spring member having at least four laminations or most likely more than or equal to seven laminations.
Referring now to
As previously described, the second housing 314 of the carriage housing 310 is movably coupled to the rail 370 mounted on the cart column 200. More specifically, first housing 312 houses a number of components, including but not limited to one or more CFS assemblies 320, namely the first and second CFS assemblies 320A and 320B, and a first roller element 540. The first CFS assembly 320A includes a cylindrical drum 510 supported by a shaft 520 positioned laterally across first housing 312. Similarly, the second CFS assembly 320B is positioned below the first CFS assembly 320A and features the same general construction.
One or more spring members 360,365 are fed through opening 530 between the first and second housings 312 and 314. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first spring member 360 is aligned and in parallel with the second spring member 365. The first spring member 360 includes multiple laminations, such as seven-to-nine laminations as an illustrative example, that are wound around the drum 510 of the first CFS assembly 320A. Likewise, the second spring member 365 includes multiple laminations, such as seven-to-nine laminations for example, that are wound around a drum (not shown in
The first roller element 540 comprises a guide shaft 542 placed laterally within carriage housing 310 and generally in parallel with the shaft 520. Bearings 544 are placed at the ends of the guide shaft 542 and rotationally coupled to an inner surface of the first housing 312 so that the guide shaft 542 can be rotated as first spring member 360 passes. A roller 546 is placed over a substantial portion of the guide shaft 542 to apply pressure and prevent contact of lamination 1 (referring to
Second housing 314 houses one or more linear bearing assemblies that are coupled to at least one inner wall of second housing 314 and are movably coupled to the rail 370. For instance, according to one embodiment of the invention, a first linear bearing assembly 550 is vertically oriented within second housing 314 at a location adjacent to the first CFS assembly 320A. A second linear bearing assembly 660 (not shown in
A pair of roller elements 570 and 580 is positioned above and below first linear bearing assembly 550, to assist in the guiding of spring members. As shown, the second roller element 570 applies pressure to prevent contact of lamination y of the second spring member 365 with the first housing 312 or the linear bearing assembly 550. The first roller element 540 applies a force against the first spring member 360, while concurrently, the second roller element 570 applies a force against the second spring member 365.
The third roller element 580 is positioned below first linear bearing assembly 550 and below shaft 520 toward a bottom curvature of drum 510. The third roller element 580 applies a force against the second spring member 365 upon its passing to or from the second CFS assembly 320B.
Referring to
A fourth roller element 690 is positioned above the second linear bearing assembly 660 and above shaft 625 toward a top curvature of drum 615. The fourth roller element 690 features a roller 692 that applies a force against the second spring member 365 upon its passing to or from second CFS assembly 320B. This assists in maintaining minimum separation distance of laminations forming second spring member 365. Moreover, second CFS assembly 320B includes a pair of flanges 622 placed on both sides of drum 615 to prevent laminations from sliding off drum 615. Of course, although not shown, flanges may be used by the second CFS assembly 320A as well.
Referring now to
In lieu of roller elements as described above, a guide wall 820 is positioned along cart column 200 so as to exert a force along the straight section of spring members 800 and 805. This force prevents the laminations of the spring members 800 and 805 from separating. As shown, there is no relative motion between the surface of the guide wall 820 and spring members 800 and 805.
Referring to
Referring to
CFS assembly 320A is adapted to receive a spring member 950 that is fed through an opening 920 in the guide surface 900. The opening 920 is sized with an appropriate width and length to deter separation of the laminations forming the spring member 950.
The chassis housing 910 may be coupled to a column 960 in a fixed position near the top of the column. The spring member 950 extends downward from the chassis housing 910 along the length of the column 960. The end of the spring member 950 not wound onto the drum may couple directly to a set-up arm (not shown in
While only one CFS assembly 320A including one spring member 950 is shown in
In short, the embodiments of the invention are directed to a system to guide and constrain the movement of a spring assembly including (constant force) spring members. As previously mentioned, one of the drawbacks of multiple laminations for each spring member is that, as the laminations are moved through large extensions, the individual laminations (in the straight section of spring) spread out from one another. As the number of laminations is increased, this effect becomes more pronounced, requiring more and more space for the springs to operate.
The invention includes several methods for guiding the straight section of these laminations as the spring assembly is extended, allowing a more compact overall volume for packaging and operation of the spring members of the spring assembly. Each of the guiding methods prevents the outer laminations from separating too far away from the inside lamination. The extra material buildup is then taken up in loops around the spring drum. Since the diameter of the spring members on the drum varies inversely with the amount of buildup, the net volume taken up by the spring material around the drum does not change drastically, even with relatively long extensions and large numbers of laminations. This allows for compact packaging and operation of assemblies with a large number of individual laminations over large extensions.
The method of guiding can take several different forms. Possible categories include a static guide surface, a moving guide surface, or roller guides. Static and moving surfaces refer to motion of the guide surface relative to the free end of the spring. A static guide surface is essentially a wall that exerts force along the straight section of the spring material, preventing the laminations from separating. There is no relative movement between the spring material and the surface, so there is minimal increase in friction (see
Currently two forms of these guiding mechanisms have been implemented with large lamination constant force spring assemblies in a system. In this system implementation (see
While certain exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that the embodiments of the invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art after reading this disclosure. Instead, the embodiments of the invention should be construed according to the claims that follow below.
This non-provisional patent application is a divisional and claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/396,358 entitled GUIDE SYSTEMS FOR LAMINATED SPRING ASSEMBLIES, filed by Randy Goldberg et al. on Mar. 30, 2006, pending. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/396,358 claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/752,329 entitled “GUIDE SYSTEM FOR LAMINATED CONSTANT FORCE SPRING ASSEMBLIES”, filed on Dec. 20, 2005 by Randal P. Goldberg et al.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60752329 | Dec 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11396358 | Mar 2006 | US |
| Child | 13181271 | US |
