Patent Application
20110163388
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 on Patent Application No. 2007-186815 filed in Japan on Jul. 18, 2007, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same, and more particularly, it relates to a semiconductor device including an n-type MIS (metal insulator semiconductor) transistor and a p-type MIS transistor and a method for fabricating the same.
As means for improving the driving performance of a semiconductor device having a MIS structure, not only refinement of a gate length but also improvement of channel mobility by applying a stain technique in a channel region is now being regarded a promising method. As the strain technique to be employed in, for example, an n-type MIS transistor, a method in which a liner film is provided with tensile stress, SMT (stress memorization technique) and the like are being studied. In the SMT, activation annealing is performed with an insulating film, for applying stress to a channel region, deposited on a transistor, so as to utilize the thus obtained residual stress. On the other hand, as the strain technique to be employed in a p-type MIS transistor, a method in which a liner film is provided with compressive stress and a method in which an active region is provided with compressive stress by epitaxially growing a silicon germanium (SiGe) layer selectively on the active region are being studied (see, for example, W. H. Lee et al., “IEDM 2005”, pp. 61-64).
In the case where a strain layer of SiGe is formed for providing a p-type MIS transistor alone with compressive stress, the following process is employed:
First, as shown in
Next, after depositing an insulating film 135 over the semiconductor substrate 100, a portion of the insulating film 135 deposited in the second region 100B is selectively removed. Thereafter, by using the remaining insulating film 135 as a mask, a recess 100a is formed in an exposed portion of the second active region 101B as shown in
Then, as shown in
Through this process, a semiconductor device in which compressive stress is applied merely to a p-type MIS transistor can be realized.
The conventional fabrication process for a semiconductor device has, however, the following problems: In order to form a SiGe layer merely in a p-type MIS transistor forming region, it is necessary to form a mask made of an insulating film covering an n-type MIS transistor forming region.
In forming or removing a mask made of an insulating film, it is necessary to perforin excessive over-etching so as not to allow the insulating film to remain. Therefore, a sidewall film may be reduced in the thickness or a substrate may be partly removed in forming or removing such a mask. It is difficult to control such unintentional thickness reduction or substrate removal, and hence, the characteristics of semiconductor devices are disadvantageously varied due to the thickness reduction or substrate removal. Also when the insulating film unintentionally remains, it is apprehended that the characteristics may be varied. Furthermore, there arises another problem that the number of procedures is increased because of the formation and removal of the mask.
An object of the invention is solving the aforementioned conventional problems by realizing a semiconductor device with improved driving performance without increasing the number of procedures and without causing the characteristic variation.
Specifically, the semiconductor device of this invention includes an n-type MIS transistor formed on a first active region of a semiconductor substrate and a p-type MIS transistor foil led on a second active region of the semiconductor substrate. The n-type MIS transistor includes a first gate electrode formed on the first active region and a first sidewall formed on a side face of the first gate electrode. The p-type MIS transistor includes a second gate electrode formed on the second active region, a second sidewall formed on a side face of the second gate electrode and strain layers formed in the second active region for applying strain in a channel region of the p-type MIS transistor. The second sidewall has a smaller thickness along a gate length direction than the first sidewall.
According to the semiconductor device of this invention, in forming the strain layers for causing strain in the channel region of the p-type MIS transistor, a sidewall forming film can be used as a mask. Accordingly, there is no need to additionally form a mask, and hence, it is possible to avoid excessive etching of the sidewall and the active region or mask remain in the active region otherwise caused in wholly removing the additional mask. Therefore, a semiconductor device with improved driving performance and minimally varied in the characteristic can be realized. Furthermore, the number of procedures is minimally increased.
The method for fabricating a semiconductor device of this invention is employed for fabricating a semiconductor device including an n-type MIS transistor formed on a first active region of a semiconductor substrate and a p-type MIS transistor formed on a second active region of the semiconductor substrate. The method includes the steps of (a) forming a first gate electrode on the first active region and forming a second gate electrode on the second active region; (b) forming a sidewall forming film on the semiconductor substrate so as to cover the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode; (c) reducing a thickness of the sidewall forming film in a portion thereof disposed on the second active region to be smaller than in a portion thereof disposed on the first active region; (d) etching the sidewall forming film for exposing a part of the second active region with the first active region covered with the sidewall forming film after the step (c); (e) forming a recess by etching the exposed part of the second active region with the sidewall forming film used as a mask and forming a strain layer in the recess after the step (d); and (f) forming a first sidewall on a side face of the first gate electrode and a second sidewall on a side face of the second gate electrode by etching the sidewall forming film until a part of the first active region is exposed after the step (e).
In the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of this invention, as compared with the case where a mask used for forming a recess and for growing crystal of a stain causing layer is separately formed, a procedure for forming the mask and a procedure for wholly removing the mask can be omitted. Therefore, it is possible to avoid excessive etching of the sidewall and the active region otherwise caused in wholly removing the mask. Accordingly, a semiconductor device with improved driving performance and minimally varied in the characteristic can be realized. Furthermore, the number of procedures is minimally increased.
The first region 10A includes a first active region 11A surrounded with an isolation region 12 formed in the semiconductor substrate, and the second region 10B includes a second active region 11B surrounded with the isolation region 12.
A first gate electrode 14A is formed above the first active region 11A with a first gate insulating film 13A sandwiched therebetween, and a first sidewall 15A is formed on the side face of the first gate electrode 14A. A second gate electrode 14B is formed above the second active region 11B with a second gate insulating film 13B sandwiched therebetween, and a second sidewall 15B is formed on the side face of the second gate electrode 14B.
Each of the first gate insulating film 13A and the second gate insulating film 13B is made of silicon oxide (SiO2) or the like, and each of the first gate electrode 14A and the second gate electrode 14B is made of polysilicon or the like including an impurity. Each of the first sidewall 15A and the second sidewall 15B includes a first insulating film 18 with an L-shaped cross-section and a second insulating film 19 covering the first insulating film 18. The second insulating film 19 is made of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN) and the first insulating film 18 is made of, for example, SiO2.
N-type extension diffusion layers 17A are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed on both sides of the first gate electrode 14A. N-type source/drain diffusion layers 11 with a larger depth than the n-type extension diffusion layers 17A are formed in portion of the first active region 11A disposed outside the first sidewall 15A.
P-type extension diffusion layers 17B are formed in portions of the second active region 11B disposed on both sides of the second gate electrode 14B. Strain layers 21 are formed in portions of the second active region 11B disposed outside the second sidewall 15B. Each strain layer 21 is a silicon germanium (SiGe) layer formed by epitaxially growing SiGe in a recess formed in a portion of the second active region 11B outside the second sidewall 15B. This strain layer 21 applies compressive stress along a gate length direction to a channel region of the p-type MIS transistor.
Since the strain layers are formed merely in the second active region 11B where the p-type MIS transistor is formed in the semiconductor device of this embodiment, the compressive stress can be effectively applied to the p-type MIS transistor alone, and therefore, the driving performance of the p-type MIS transistor can be improved without degrading the driving performance of the n-type MIS transistor.
Furthermore, in the semiconductor device of this embodiment, a sidewall forming film used for forming the sidewall is used as a mask for forming the recess and as a mask for growing the crystal of the SiGe layer as described below. Therefore, characteristic variation caused in forming and removing a mask can be substantially avoided. Furthermore, the number of procedures is minimally increased. It is noted that the thickness along the gate length direction of the second sidewall 15B is smaller than the thickness along the gate length direction of the first sidewall 15A.
Now, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1 of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, on a semiconductor substrate 10 having a first region 10A and a second region 10B, a gate insulating forming film with a thickness of 2.2 nm, a polysilicon film with a thickness of 120 nm and a hard mask forming film of SiO2 or the like with a thickness of 20 nm are successively deposited. Subsequently, as shown in
A gate insulating forming film is made of a general material for a gate insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxy-nitride film, a silicon nitride film or a high dielectric film and is preferably made of a silicon oxy-nitride film into which nitrogen is introduced. Alternatively, in order to reduce the effective thickness, a multilayered film of a silicon oxy-nitride film and a high dielectric film may be used. Alternatively, a polysilicon film into which an impurity has been previously introduced for providing a conducting property may be used.
Next, after forming a resist mask covering the second region 10B, arsenic (As) is implanted into the first active region 11A with an accelerating voltage of 3 keV and a dose of 1×1015 cm2. Also, after forming a resist mask covering the first region 10A, boron (B) is implanted into the second active region 11B with an accelerating voltage of 0.3 keV and a dose of 4×1014 cm2. Thus, n-type extension diffusion layers 17A are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed on both sides of the first gate electrode 14A and p-type extension diffusion layers 17B are formed in portions of the second active region 11B on both sides of the second gate electrode 14B as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Thereafter, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, after forming a resist mask covering the second region 10B, As is implanted into the first active region 11A with an accelerating voltage of 15 keV and a dose of 4×1015 cm−2. Thus, n-type source/drain diffusion layers 22 are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed outside the first sidewall 15A as shown in
Thereafter, a silicide layer, a liner insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, a contact, an interconnection and the like may be formed if necessary. For example, when a liner insulating film made of a silicon nitride film for applying tensile stress along the gate length direction to the channel region is formed above the first active region 11A of the first region 10A, the driving performance of the n-type MIS transistor can be improved.
In the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of Embodiment 1, the sidewall forming film 35 is used as a mask used for forming the recesses 10a and as a mask used for epitaxially growing SiGe as the strain layers 21. Therefore, there is no procedure for separately forming and removing a mask used for forming the strain layers 21, and hence, the semiconductor substrate, the isolation region, the sidewall and the like are never excessively over-etched in the first region.
In the case where a sidewall is excessively over-etched, it is apprehended that a short channel effect (SCE) may be caused. When the thickness of a sidewall is, for example, reduced from 40 nm to 30 nm through the over-etching, it is apprehended that a threshold voltage change ΔVt corresponding to an index of the SCE may be increased by 20 mV or more in a transistor with a gate length Lg of 40/34 nm (typ/min.).
Moreover, it is apprehended that unexpected thickness reduction may be caused in an active region and an isolation region through the excessive over-etching or that a film to be etched may remain for avoiding the excessive over-etching. These phenomenon can be a factor to vary the characteristics of semiconductor devices.
In the fabrication method of this embodiment, however, the first sidewall 15A and the first active region 11A are never subjected to the excessive over-etching, and there is no fear of unexpected thickness reduction otherwise caused by removing a whole mask. Furthermore, the number of procedures is minimally increased.
In the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of this embodiment, the thickness of the second sidewall 15B of the p-type MIS transistor is smaller than the thickness of the first sidewall 15A. However, the SCE of the p-type MIS transistor is never degraded and the second active region 11B is never excessively etched due to this smaller thickness.
Although the sidewall forming film is a two-layered structure including the second insulating film of SiO2 and the first insulating film of SiN in this embodiment, it may be made of a single-layered film. However, when the second insulating film is made of the same material as the hard mask, the first and second hard masks can be simultaneously removed as the sidewall forming film 35 and hence the occurrence of the over-etching can be further reduced.
Embodiment 2 of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, in the same manner as in Embodiment 1, a gate insulating forming film 31 with a thickness of 2.2 nm, a polysilicon film 32 with a thickness of 120 nm and a hard mask forming film 33 of SiO2 with a thickness of 20 nm are successively deposited on a semiconductor substrate 10 having a first region 10A and a second region 10B. Subsequently, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, after forming a resist mask covering the second region 10B, As is implanted into the first active region 11A with an accelerating voltage of 3 keV and a dose of 1×1015 cm−2. Furthermore, after forming a resist mask covering the first region 10A, B is implanted into the second active region 11B with an accelerating voltage of 0.3 keV and a dose of 4×1014 cm−2. Thus, n-type extension diffusion layers 17A are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed on both sides of the first gate electrode 14A and p-type extension diffusion layers 17B are formed in portions of the second active region 11B disposed on both sides of the second gate electrode 14B as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Thereafter, as shown in
Next, after forming a resist mask covering the second region 10B, As is implanted into the first active region 11A with an accelerating voltage of 15 keV and a dose of 4×1015 cm−2. Thus, n-type source/drain diffusion layers 22 are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed outside the first sidewall 15A as shown in
Thereafter, a silicide layer, a liner insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, a contact, an interconnection and the like are formed if necessary. For example, when a liner insulating film made of a silicon nitride film for applying tensile stress along the gate length direction to a channel region is formed above the first active region 11A in the first region 10A, the driving performance of the n-type MIS transistor can be improved.
In the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of Embodiment 2, a first hard mask covering the top face of the first gate electrode 14A is not formed. Therefore, before forming the first sidewall 15A and the second sidewall 15B, the insulating film (the first insulating film 18) covering the first gate electrode 14A and the insulating film (the second hard mask 33B) covering the second gate electrode 14B have substantially the same thickness as shown in
Therefore, as compared with the case where a first hard mask and a sidewall forming film are both formed on the first gate electrode 14A, the fear of the over-etching of the second gate electrode 14B and the first active region 11A can be further reduced. As a result, in addition to the effects attained by the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of Embodiment 1, an effect to further reduce the occurrence of the short channel effect and the occurrence of the characteristic variation can be attained.
Although the sidewall forming film is a two-layered structure of the second insulating film of SiO2 and the first insulating film of SiN in this embodiment, the sidewall forming film may be a single-layered film. However, the second insulating film is preferably made of the same material as the hard mask. Alternatively, in the case where the second insulating film is made of a different material from the hard mask, the thickness of the hard mask is preferably determined so as to make the same the etching time of the second insulating film and the etching time of the hard mask in consideration of their etching rates.
In this embodiment, the hard mask forming film formed in the first region is removed before patterning the first gate electrode so as not to form a first hard mask. Instead, a first hard mask may be formed and removed before forming the sidewall forming film. However, when the hard mask forming film is removed before patterning the hard mask forming film as in this embodiment, the active layer is never damaged by the etching.
Embodiment 3 of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, a gate insulating forming film with a thickness of 2.2 nm, a polysilicon film with a thickness of 120 nm and a hard mask forming film of SiO2 with a thickness of 20 nm are successively deposited on a semiconductor substrate 10 having a first region 10A and a second region 10B. Subsequently, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, after forming a resist mask covering the second region 10B, As is implanted into the first active region 11A with an accelerating voltage of 15 keV and a dose of 4×1015 cm−2. Thus, n-type source/drain diffusion layers 22 are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed outside the sidewall 15A as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, after forming a resist mask covering the second region 10B, As is implanted into the first active region 11A with an accelerating voltage of 3 keV and a dose of 1×1015 cm−2. Also, after forming a resist mask covering the first region 11A, B is implanted into the second active region 11B with an accelerating voltage of 0.3 keV and a dose of 4×1014 cm−2. Thus, n-type extension diffusion layers 17A are formed in portions of the first active region 11A disposed on both sides of the first gate electrode 14A and p-type extension diffusion layers 17B are formed in portions of the second active region 11B disposed on both sides of the second gate electrode 14B as shown in
Next, as shown in
Thereafter, a silicide layer, a liner insulating film, an interlayer insulating film, a contact, an interconnection and the like are formed if necessary. For example, when a liner insulating film made of a silicon nitride film for applying tensile stress along the gate length direction to a channel region is formed above the first active region 11A in the first region 10A, the driving performance of the n-type MIS transistor can be improved.
In the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of this embodiment, since the extension diffusion layers are formed after the source/drain diffusion layers, an effect to realize a profile with low resistance and shallow junction can be attained in addition to the effects attained by the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of Embodiment 1.
Although the sidewall forming film 35 is made of a SiO2 film in this embodiment, a SiN film, a multilayered film of SiO2 and SiN or another insulating film may be used instead. Furthermore, each of the third sidewall 15C and the fourth sidewall 15D may be made of a single-layered film of SiN or the like instead of the multilayered film of the SiO2 film and the SiN film.
Moreover, the first hard mask 33A may be omitted as in Embodiment 2, or the first hard mask 33A may be removed before forming the sidewall forming film 35.
As described so far, according to the semiconductor device and the method for fabricating the same of this invention, a semiconductor device with improved driving performance can be realized without increasing the number of fabrication procedures and without causing characteristic variation, and hence, the invention is useful particularly for a semiconductor device including an n-type MIS transistor and a p-type MIS transistor and a method for fabricating the same.
The description of the embodiments of the present invention is given above for the understanding of the present invention. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various modifications, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the following claims cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-186815 | Jul 2007 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12164635 | Jun 2008 | US |
| Child | 13052546 | US |
