Patent Grant
9920109
The contents of the text file named “42967-502C01US_ST25.txt”, which was created on Aug. 19, 2013 and is 149 KB in size, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
This invention relates to molecules, particularly polypeptides, more particularly fusion proteins that include a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin polypeptides and a second polypeptide. Additionally, the invention relates to fusion proteins that include a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from serpin polypeptides, a second polypeptide, and a third polypeptide. Specifically, this invention relates to fusion proteins that include at least one serpin polypeptide and a second polypeptide or fusion proteins that include at least one serpin polypeptide, a second polypeptide, and a third polypeptide, where the second and third polypeptides of the fusion proteins of the invention can be at least one the following: an Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an Fc polypeptide; a cytokine targeting polypeptide or a sequence derived from a cytokine targeting polypeptide; a WAP domain containing polypeptide or a sequence derived from a WAP containing polypeptide; or an albumin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serum albumin polypeptide. This invention also relates to methods of using such molecules in a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic indications, as well as methods of producing such molecules.
Aberrant serine protease activity or an imbalance of protease-to-protease inhibitor can lead to protease-mediated tissue destruction and inflammatory responses. Accordingly, there exists a need for therapeutics and therapies that target aberrant serine protease activity and/or imbalance of protease-to-protease inhibitor. Furthermore, enhanced therapeutic effects may be gained through the attenuation of aberrant cytokine signaling and serine protease activity. In addition, serpin proteins have demonstrated anti-infective activities while targeting inflammatory cytokines has been shown to increase the risk of infection. The fusion proteins of this invention have the potential to dampen inflammatory cytokine activity and limit the risk of infection.
The fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin polypeptide (Polypeptide 1) and second polypeptide (Polypeptide 2). Additionally, the fusion proteins described herein include a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin polypeptide (Polypeptide 1), a second polypeptide (Polypeptide 2), and a third polypeptide (Polypeptide 3). As used interchangeably herein, the terms “fusion protein” and “fusion polypeptide” refer to a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence derived from a serpin polypeptide operably linked to at least a second polypeptide or an amino acid sequence derived from at least a second polypeptide. The individualized elements of the fusion protein can be linked in any of a variety of ways, including for example, direct attachment, the use of an intermediate or a spacer peptide, the use of a linker region, the use of a hinge region or the use of both a linker and a hinge region. In some embodiments, the linker region may fall within the sequence of the hinge region, or alternatively, the hinge region may fall within the sequence of the linker region. Preferably, the linker region is a peptide sequence. For example, the linker peptide includes anywhere from zero to 40 amino acids, e.g., from zero to 35 amino acids, from zero to 30 amino acids, from zero to 25 amino acids, or from zero to 20 amino acids. Preferably, the hinge region is a peptide sequence. For example, the hinge peptide includes anywhere from zero to 75 amino acids, e.g., from zero to 70 amino acids, from zero to 65 amino acids or from zero to 62 amino acids. In embodiments where the fusion protein includes both a linker region and hinge region, preferably each of the linker region and the hinge region is a peptide sequence. In these embodiments, the hinge peptide and the linker peptide together include anywhere from zero to 90 amino acids, e.g., from zero to 85 amino acids or from zero to 82 amino acids.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide and the second polypeptide can be linked through an intermediate binding protein. In some embodiments, the serpin-based portion and second polypeptide portion of the fusion protein may be non-covalently linked.
In some embodiments, fusion proteins according to the invention can have one of the following formulae, in an N-terminus to C-terminus direction or in a C-terminus to N-terminus direction:
Polypeptide 1(a)-hingem-Polypeptide 2(b)
Polypeptide 1(a)-linkern-Polypeptide 2(b)
Polypeptide 1(a)-linkern-hingem-Polypeptide 2(b)
Polypeptide 1(a)-hingem-linkern-Polypeptide 2(b)
Polypeptide 1(a)-Polypeptide 2(b)-Polypeptide 3(c)
Polypeptide 1(a)-hingem-Polypeptide 2(b)-hingem-Polypeptide 3(c)
Polypeptide 1(a)-linkern-Polypeptide 2(b)-linkern-Polypeptide 3(c)
Polypeptide 1(a)-hingem-linkern-Polypeptide 2(b)-hingem-linkern-Polypeptide 3(c)
Polypeptide 1(a)-linkern-hingem-Polypeptide 2(b)-linkern-hingem-Polypeptide 3(c)
In some embodiments, the Polypeptide 1 sequence includes a serpin polypeptide. Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. Serpin proteins suitable for use in the fusion proteins provided herein include, by way of non-limiting example, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), antitrypsin-related protein (SERPINA2), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3), kallistatin (SERPINA4), monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (SERPINB1), PI-6 (SERPINB6), antithrombin (SERPINC1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1), alpha 2-antiplasmin (SERPINF2), complement 1-inhibitor (SERPING1), and neuroserpin (SERPINI1).
In some embodiments, the Polypeptide 1 sequence includes an alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT. In some embodiments, the Polypeptide 1 sequence includes a portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the Polypeptide 1 sequence includes at least the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence: GTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNK SEQ ID NO: 1).
In a preferred embodiment, the AAT polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT is or is derived from a human AAT polypeptide sequence.
In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes a full-length human AAT polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes a human AAT polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In some embodiments, the AAT polypeptide sequence is, or the amino acid sequence derived from an AAT polypeptide is derived from, one or more of the human AAT polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. AAB59495.1, CAJ15161.1, P01009.3, AAB59375.1, AAA51546.1, CAA25838.1, NP_001002235.1, CAA34982.1, NP_001002236.1, NP_000286.3, NP_001121179.1, NP_001121178.1, NP_001121177.1, NP_001121176.16, NP_001121175.1, NP_001121174.1, NP_001121172.1, and/or AAA51547.1.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins contain one or more mutations. For example, the fusion protein contains at least one mutation at a methionine (Met) residue in the serpin portion of the fusion protein. In these Met mutations, the Met residue can be substituted with any amino acid. For example, the Met residue can be substituted with an amino acid with a hydrophobic side chain, such as, for example, leucine (Leu, L). Without wishing to be bound by theory, the Met mutation(s) prevent oxidation and subsequent inactivation of the inhibitory activity of the fusion proteins of the invention. In some embodiments, the Met residue can be substituted with a charged residue, such as, for example, glutamate (Glu, E). In some embodiments, the Met mutation is at position 358 of an AAT polypeptide. For example, the Met mutation is Met358Leu (M358L). In some embodiments, the Met mutation is at position 351 of an AAT polypeptide. For example, the Met mutation is Met351Glu (M351E). In some embodiments, the Met mutation is at position 351 and at position 358 of an AAT polypeptide, for example, the Met mutation is Met351Glu (M351E) and Met358Leu (M358L). For example, the reactive site loop of this variant of the fusion AAT polypeptide has the following sequence: GTEAAGAEFLEAIPLSIPPEVKFNK (SEQ ID NO: 32). In some embodiments, the Met mutation is at position 351 and at position 358 of an AAT polypeptide, for example, the Met mutation is Met351Leu (M351L) and Met358Leu (M358L). For example, the reactive site loop of this variant of the fusion AAT polypeptide has the following sequence: GTEAAGALFLEAIPLSIPPEVKFNK (SEQ ID NO: 33).
In some embodiments, the second polypeptide (Polypeptide 2) of the serpin fusion protein is an Fc polypeptide or derived from an Fc polypeptide. These embodiments are referred to collectively herein as “serpin-Fc fusion proteins.” The serpin-Fc fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin and an Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an Fc polypeptide. In some embodiments, the serpin-Fc fusion protein includes a single serpin polypeptide. In other embodiments, the serpin-Fc fusion proteins includes more than one serpin polypeptide, and these embodiments are collectively referred to herein as “serpin(a′)-Fc fusion protein,” wherein (a′) is an integer of at least 2. In some embodiments, each serpin polypeptides in a serpin(a′)-Fc fusion protein includes the same amino acid sequence. In other embodiments, each serpin polypeptide in a serpin(a′)-Fc fusion protein includes serpin polypeptides with distinct amino acid sequences. The serpin polypeptides of serpin(a′)-Fc fusion proteins can be located at any position within the fusion protein.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-Fc fusion protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-Fc fusion protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of a variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 or SEQ ID NO:33. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-Fc fusion protein includes at least the full-length human AAT polypeptide sequence having amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-Fc fusion protein includes human AAT polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 32 or 33.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-Fc fusion protein includes the AAT polypeptide sequence is or the amino acid sequence derived from an AAT polypeptide is derived from one or more of the human AAT polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. AAB59495.1, CAJ15161.1, P01009.3, AAB59375.1, AAA51546.1, CAA25838.1, NP_001002235.1, CAA34982.1, NP_001002236.1, NP_000286.3, NP_001121179.1, NP_001121178.1, NP_001121177.1, NP_001121176.16, NP_001121175.1, NP_001121174.1, NP_001121172.1, and/or AAA51547.1.
In some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein is a human Fc polypeptide, for example, a human IgG Fc polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a human IgG Fc polypeptide sequence. For example, in some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide is a human IgG1 Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a human IgG1 Fc polypeptide sequence. In some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide is a human IgG2 Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a human IgG2 Fc polypeptide sequence. In some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide is a human IgG3 Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a human IgG3 Fc polypeptide sequence. In some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide is a human IgG4 Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a human IgG4 Fc polypeptide sequence. In some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide is a human IgM Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a human IgM Fc polypeptide sequence.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG1 Fc polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG1 Fc polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide is mutated or modified to enhance FcRn binding. In these embodiments the mutated or modified Fc polypeptide includes the following mutations: Met252Tyr, Ser254Thr, Thr256Glu (M252Y, S256T, T256E) or Met428Leu and Asn434Ser (M428L, N434S) using the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments the Fc polypeptide portion is mutated or otherwise modified so as to disrupt Fc-mediated dimerization. In these embodiments, the fusion protein is monomeric in nature.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG2 Fc polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG2 Fc polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG3 Fc polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG3 Fc polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG4 Fc polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgG4 Fc polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgM Fc polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an Fc polypeptide, the Fc polypeptide of the fusion protein includes a human IgM Fc polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
In some embodiments of the fusion proteins provided herein, the second polypeptide (Polypeptide 2) of the serpin fusion protein is a cytokine targeting polypeptide or derived from a cytokine targeting polypeptide. These embodiments are referred to collectively herein as “serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion proteins.” The serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin polypeptide and a cytokine targeting polypeptide, or derivation thereof. In some embodiments, the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein includes a single serpin polypeptide. In other embodiments, the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein includes more than one serpin polypeptide, and these embodiments are collectively referred to herein as “serpin(a′)-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion proteins,” wherein (a′) is an integer of at least 2. In some embodiments, each serpin polypeptide in a serpin(a′)-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein includes the same amino acid sequence. In other embodiments, each serpin polypeptide of a serpin(a)-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein includes serpin polypeptides with distinct amino acid sequences.
In some embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide of the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein is a cytokine receptor or derived from a cytokine receptor. In a preferred embodiment, the cytokine targeting polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from the cytokine receptor is or is derived from a human cytokine receptor sequence. In other embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide is an antibody or an antibody fragment, for example an anti-cytokine antibody or anti-cytokine antibody fragment. In a preferred embodiment, the cytokine targeting polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from the antibody or antibody fragment is derived from a chimeric, humanized, or fully human antibody sequence. The term antibody fragment includes single chain, Fab fragment, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a scFv, a scAb, a dAb, a single domain heavy chain antibody, and a single domain light chain antibody.
In other embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide binds a cytokine receptor and prevents binding of a cytokine to the receptor. In other embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide is an antibody or an antibody fragment, for example an anti-cytokine receptor antibody or anti-cytokine receptor antibody fragment.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion proteins includes at least the amino acid sequence of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-cytokine targeting fusion proteins includes at least the amino acid sequence of a variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 or SEQ ID NO:33. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-cytokine targeting fusion protein includes or is derived from at least the full-length human AAT polypeptide sequence having amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-cytokine targeting fusion protein includes human AAT polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 32 or 33.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-cytokine targeting fusion protein includes an AAT polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence derived from an AAT polypeptide that is or is derived from one or more of the human AAT polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. AAB59495.1, CAJ15161.1, P01009.3, AAB59375.1, AAA51546.1, CAA25838.1, NP_001002235.1, CAA34982.1, NP_001002236.1, NP_000286.3, NP_001121179.1, NP_001121178.1, NP_001121177.1, NP_001121176.16, NP_001121175.1, NP_001121174.1, NP_001121172.1, and/or AAA51547.1.
The serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein can incorporate a portion of the serpin-Fc fusion protein. For example, an antibody contains an Fc polypeptide. Therefore, in some embodiments where the cytokine targeting polypeptide is a cytokine-targeting antibody, the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein will incorporate a portion of the serpin-Fc fusion protein. Furthermore, most receptor fusion proteins that are of therapeutic utility are Fc fusion proteins. Thus, in some embodiments, wherein the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein is a serpin-cytokine receptor fusion protein, the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein may incorporate an Fc polypeptide in addition to the serpin portion and the cytokine receptor portion.
In some embodiments, where the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein includes an Fc polypeptide sequence, the Fc polypeptide sequence includes or is derived from the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. In some embodiments where the serpin-cytokine targeting fusion protein includes an Fc polypeptide sequence, the Fc polypeptide sequence has at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identity to any one of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide and the cytokine targeting polypeptide are operably linked via a linker region, for example, a glycine-serine linker or glycine-serine based linker. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide and the cytokine targeting polypeptide are operably linked via a hinge region. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide and the cytokine targeting polypeptide are operably linked via a linker region and a hinge region. In other embodiments, the serpin polypeptide and the cytokine targeting polypeptide are directly attached.
In some embodiments of the fusion proteins provided herein, the second polypeptide (Polypeptide 2) of the serpin fusion protein is a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain containing polypeptide, or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a WAP domain containing polypeptide. These embodiments are referred to collectively herein as “serpin-WAP domain fusion proteins.” The serpin-WAP domain fusion proteins include at least a serpin polypeptide or at least an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin, a WAP domain-containing polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a WAP domain-containing polypeptide. In some embodiments, the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes a single serpin polypeptide. In other embodiments, the serpin-WAP targeting polypeptide fusion protein includes more than one serpin polypeptide. These embodiments are collectively referred to herein as “serpin(a′)-WAP domain fusion proteins,” wherein (a′) is an integer of at least 2. In some embodiments, serpin polypeptides of the serpin(a′)-WAP domain fusion protein includes the same amino acid sequence. In other embodiments, the serpin polypeptides of the serpin(a′)-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion protein, includes serpin polypeptides with distinct amino acid sequences.
These serpin-WAP domain fusion proteins include a WAP domain containing polypeptide or polypeptide sequence that is or is derived from a WAP domain containing polypeptide. The WAP domain is an evolutionarily conserved sequence motif of 50 amino acids containing eight cysteines found in a characteristic 4-disulfide core arrangement (also called a four-disulfide core motif). The WAP domain sequence motif is a functional motif characterized by serine protease inhibition activity in a number of proteins.
WAP domain-containing polypeptides suitable for use in the fusion proteins provided herein include, by way of non-limiting example, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), Elafin, and Eppin.
In some embodiments, the WAP domain-containing polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein includes a secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from SLPI. These embodiments are referred to herein as “serpin-SLPI-derived fusion proteins.” In some embodiments, the SLPI polypeptide sequence comprises a portion of the SLPI protein, such as for example, the WAP2 domain or a sub-portion thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the SLPI polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from SLPI is or is derived from a human SLPI polypeptide sequence.
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion proteins of the invention, the SLPI sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes a full-length human SLPI polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion protein of the invention, the SLPI sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes a human SLPI polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion protein of the invention, the SLPI sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes a portion of the full-length human SLPI polypeptide sequence, where the portion has the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion protein of the invention, the SLPI sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes a human SLPI polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9.
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion protein of the invention, the SLPI sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes the WAP2 domain of the full-length human SLPI polypeptide sequence, where the WAP2 domain has the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion protein of the invention, the SLPI sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes a human SLPI polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion proteins of the invention, the SLPI polypeptide sequence or the amino acid sequence derived from an SLPI polypeptide is or is derived from, one or more of the human SLPI polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. CAA28187.1, NP_003055.1, EAW75869.1, P03973.2, AAH20708.1, CAB64235.1, CAA28188.1, AAD19661.1, and/or BAG35125.1.
In some embodiments of the serpin-SLPI fusion proteins of the invention, the SLPI polypeptide sequence or a SLPI-derived sequence of the fusion protein includes a human SLPI polypeptide sequence that is modified at a Methoine (Met) residue. In these Met mutations, the Met residue can be substituted with any amino acid. For example, the Met residue can be substituted with an amino acid with a hydrophobic side chain, such as, for example, leucine (Leu, L) or valine (Val, V). Without wishing to be bound by theory, the Met mutation(s) prevent oxidation and subsequent inactivation of the inhibitory activity of the fusion proteins of the invention. In some embodiments, the Met mutation is at position 98 of an SLPI polypeptide. For example, the modified SLPI polypeptide sequence of the serpin-SLPI includes mutations M98L or M98V in SEQ ID NO: 8.
In other embodiments, the WAP domain-containing polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein includes an elafin polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from elafin. These embodiments are referred to herein as “serpin-elafin fusion proteins. In some embodiments, the elafin polypeptide sequence includes a portion of the elafin protein, such as for example, the WAP domain or a sub-portion thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the elafin polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from elafin is or is derived from a human elafin polypeptide sequence.
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the fusion protein includes a full-length human elafin polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the fusion protein includes a human elafin polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the fusion protein includes a portion of the full-length human elafin polypeptide sequence, where the portion has the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the fusion protein includes a human elafin polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the fusion protein includes the WAP domain of the full-length human elafin polypeptide sequence, where the WAP domain has the following amino acid sequence:
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the fusion protein includes a human elafin polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
In some embodiments of the serpin-elafin fusion proteins, the elafin polypeptide sequence or the amino acid sequence derived from an elafin polypeptide is derived from one or more of the human elafin polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. P19957.3, NP_002629.1, BAA02441.1, EAW75814.1, EAW75813.1, Q8IUB2.1, and/or NP_542181.1.
In other embodiments, the WAP domain-containing polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein includes an Eppin polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from Eppin. These embodiments are referred to herein as “serpin(a′)-Eppin fusion proteins. In some embodiments, the Eppin polypeptide sequence of the serpin-Eppin fusion protein includes a portion of the Eppin protein, such as for example, the WAP domain or a sub-portion thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the Eppin polypeptide sequence or an amino acid sequence that is derived from Eppin is or is derived from a human Eppin polypeptide sequence.
In some embodiments of the serpin-Eppin fusion proteins, the Eppin polypeptide sequence or amino acid sequence derived from an Eppin polypeptide is or is derived from one or more of the human Eppin polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. O95925.1, NP_065131.1, AAH44829.2, AAH53369.1, AAG00548.1, AAG00547.1, and/or AAG00546.1.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-WAP fusion protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of a variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 or SEQ ID NO:33. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes at least the full-length human AAT polypeptide sequence having amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes human AAT polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 32 or 33.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes the AAT polypeptide sequence is, or the amino acid sequence derived from an AAT polypeptide is derived from, one or more of the human AAT polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. AAB59495.1, CAJ15161.1, P01009.3, AAB59375.1, AAA51546.1, CAA25838.1, NP_001002235.1, CAA34982.1, NP_001002236.1, NP_000286.3, NP_001121179.1, NP_001121178.1, NP_001121177.1, NP_001121176.16, NP_001121175.1, NP_001121174.1, NP_001121172.1, and/or AAA51547.1.
In some embodiments, the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein can also include an Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an Fc polypeptide. These embodiments are referred to collectively herein as “serpin-Fc-WAP domain fusion proteins.” In these embodiments, no particular order is to be construed by this terminology. For example, the order of the fusion protein can be serpin-Fc-WAP domain, serpin-WAP domain-Fc, or any variation combination thereof. The serpin-Fc-WAP domain fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin, WAP domain-containing polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a WAP domain-containing polypeptide, and an Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an Fc polypeptide.
In some embodiments, where the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes an Fc polypeptide sequence, the Fc polypeptide sequence can have the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3-7. In other embodiments, where the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes an Fc polypeptide sequence, the Fc polypeptide sequence can have at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs. 3-7. In some embodiments, the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein can also include an albumin polypeptide, or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an albumin polypeptide. These embodiments are referred to collectively herein as “serpin-albumin-WAP domain fusion proteins.” In these embodiments, no particular order is to be construed by this terminology. For example, the order of the fusion protein can be serpin-albumin-WAP domain, serpin-WAP domain-albumin, or any variation combination thereof. The serpin-albumin-WAP domain fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin, WAP domain-containing polypeptide, or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a WAP domain-containing polypeptide, and an albumin polypeptide, or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an albumin polypeptide.
In some embodiments where the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the albumin polypeptide sequence includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14-15, described herein. In other embodiments, where the serpin-WAP domain fusion protein includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the albumin polypeptide sequence has at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identity to the any one of the amino acid sequences having SEQ ID NO: 14 or 15.
In some embodiments, the second polypeptide (Polypeptide 2) of the serpin fusion protein is an albumin polypeptide or is derived from an albumin polypeptide. These embodiments are referred to collectively herein as “serpin(a′)-albumin fusion proteins.” The serpin-albumin fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin and an albumin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an albumin polypeptide. In addition this invention relates to serpin albumin binding polypeptide fusion proteins, wherein the albumin is operably linked to the serpin via an intermediate binding molecule. Herein, the serpin is non-covalently or covalently bound to human serum albumin.
In embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the albumin polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein is a human serum albumin (HSA) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence derived from HSA. In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes a HSA polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the albumin polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein includes a human serum albumin polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
In embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the albumin polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein fusion protein includes a domain 3 of human serum albumin polypeptide sequence having the following amino acid sequence:
In embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the albumin polypeptide sequence of the fusion protein includes a human serum albumin polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
In some embodiments where the fusion protein of the invention includes an albumin polypeptide sequence, the fusion protein is linked to the human serum albumin via an intermediate albumin binding polypeptide. The albumin binding polypeptide can be an antibody or an antibody fragment or derived from an antibody or antibody fragment. In a preferred embodiment, the albumin binding polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from the antibody or antibody fragment is derived from a chimeric, humanized, or fully human antibody sequence. The term antibody fragment includes single chain, Fab fragment, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a scFv, a scAb, a dAb, a single domain heavy chain antibody, and a single domain light chain antibody. In addition, the albumin binding polypeptide can be an albumin binding peptide, Another embodiment of the invention is a serpin albumin binding polypeptide fusion, wherein the albumin binding polypeptide is domain 3 of Streptococcal protein G or a sequence derived from domain 3 of Streptococcal protein G.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin(a′)-albumin fusion proteins includes at least the amino acid sequence of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-albumin fusion protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of a variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein. In some embodiments, the variant of the reactive site loop portion of the AAT protein includes at least the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 or SEQ ID NO:33. In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-albumin fusion proteins includes at least the full-length human AAT polypeptide sequence having amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-albumin fusion proteins includes human AAT polypeptide sequence that is at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 32 or 33.
In some embodiments, the serpin polypeptide of the serpin-albumin fusion proteins includes the AAT polypeptide sequence or the amino acid sequence derived from an AAT polypeptide is or is derived from one or more of the human AAT polypeptide sequences shown in GenBank Accession Nos. AAB59495.1, CAJ15161.1, P01009.3, AAB59375.1, AAA51546.1, CAA25838.1, NP_001002235.1, CAA34982.1, NP_001002236.1, NP_000286.3, NP_001121179.1, NP_001121178.1, NP_001121177.1, NP_001121176.16, NP_001121175.1, NP_001121174.1, NP_001121172.1, and/or AAA51547.1.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins are modified to increase or otherwise inhibit proteolytic cleavage, for example, by mutating one or more proteolytic cleavage sites. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins are modified to alter or otherwise modulate an Fc effector function of the fusion protein, while simultaneously retaining binding and inhibitory function as compared to an unaltered fusion protein. Fc effector functions include, by way of non-limiting examples, Fc receptor binding, prevention of proinflammatory mediator release upon binding to the Fc receptor, phagocytosis, modified antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), modified complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), modified glycosylation at Asn297 residue (EU index of Kabat numbering, Kabat et al 1991 Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest) of the Fc polypeptide. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins are mutated or otherwise modified to influence Fc receptor binding. In some embodiments, the Fc polypeptide is modified to enhance FcRn binding. Examples of Fc polypeptide mutations that enhance binding to FcRn are Met252Tyr, Ser254Thr, Thr256Glu (M252Y, S256T, T256E) (Kabat numbering, Dall'Acqua et al 2006, J. Biol Chem Vol 281(33) 23514-23524), or Met428Leu and Asn434Ser (M428L, N434S) (Zalevsky et al 2010 Nature Biotech, Vol. 28(2) 157-159). (EU index of Kabat et al 1991 Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest). In some embodiments the Fc polypeptide portion is mutated or otherwise modified so as to disrupt Fc-mediated dimerization (Ying et al 2012 J. Biol Chem 287(23): 19399-19408). In these embodiments, the fusion protein is monomeric in nature.
The fusion proteins and variants thereof provided herein exhibit inhibitory activity, for example by inhibiting a serine protease such as human neutrophil elastase (NE), a chemotrypsin-fold serine protease that is secreted by neutrophils during an inflammatory response. The fusion proteins provided herein completely or partially reduce or otherwise modulate serine protease expression or activity upon binding to, or otherwise interacting with, a serine protease, e.g., a human serine protease. The reduction or modulation of a biological function of a serine protease is complete or partial upon interaction between the fusion proteins and the human serine protease protein, polypeptide and/or peptide. The fusion proteins are considered to completely inhibit serine protease expression or activity when the level of serine protease expression or activity in the presence of the fusion protein is decreased by at least 95%, e.g., by 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% as compared to the level of serine protease expression or activity in the absence of interaction, e.g., binding, with a fusion protein described herein. The fusion proteins are considered to partially inhibit serine protease expression or activity when the level of serine protease expression or activity in the presence of the fusion protein is decreased by less than 95%, e.g., 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 90% as compared to the level of serine protease expression or activity in the absence of interaction, e.g., binding, with a fusion protein described herein.
The fusion proteins described herein are useful in a variety of therapeutic, diagnostic and prophylactic indications. For example, the fusion proteins are useful in treating a variety of diseases and disorders in a subject. In some embodiments, the serpin fusion proteins, including, fusion proteins described herein, are useful in treating, alleviating a symptom of, ameliorating and/or delaying the progression of a disease or disorder in a subject suffering from or identified as being at risk for a disease or disorder selected from alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), allergic asthma, cystic fibrosis, cancers of the lung, ischemia-reperfusion injury, including, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion injury following cardiac transplantation, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, type I and/or type II diabetes, bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, pneumonia, sepsis, graft versus host disease (GVHD), wound healing, Systemic lupus erythematosis, and Multiple sclerosis.
Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention include a fusion protein of the invention, including modified fusion proteins and other variants, along with a suitable carrier. These pharmaceutical compositions can be included in kits, such as, for example, diagnostic kits.
Human neutrophil elastase (NE) is a chymotrypsin-fold serine protease, secreted by neutrophils during inflammation. Aberrant activity of NE results in a progressive degradation of elastin tissues and the slow destruction of the alveolar structures of the lungs leading to emphysema and lung fibrosis (Lungarella et al 2008 Int. J. Biochem Cell Biol 40:1287). Often, misguided NE activity is due to an imbalance of the protease with its natural inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). This imbalance can result from enhanced neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, as observed in the lungs of smokers and patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Conversely, a deficiency of AAT, usually as a result of a point mutation that causes ATT to aggregate and accumulate in the liver, leaves the lungs exposed to unchecked NE activity. Individuals with AAT deficiencies are at increased the risk of emphysema, COPD, liver disease, and numerous other conditions.
AAT deficiency affects approximately 100,000 Americans (according to estimates from the Alpha-1 Foundation), and many of the afflicted people die in their 30's and 40's. There are currently only a few FDA-approved drugs for treatment of ATT deficiency (Prolastin®, Aralast™, Zemaira®, Glassia™). Each drug is the natural AAT derived from pooled human plasma, which appears to be insufficient to meet the anticipated clinical demand. Furthermore, these products have short serum half lives (T1/2 of approximately 5 days) and require high dose (60 mg/kg body weight) weekly infusions. The current market for these drugs is estimated at approximately $400 million. The market for AAT-like drugs is likely substantially larger, based on the estimation that as many as 95% of individuals with AAT-deficiencies go undiagnosed, and the fact that these drugs have the potential to be effective therapies for pathologies characterized by enhanced NE activity in individuals that are not AAT-deficient (e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), smoking-induced emphysema and/or COPD).
AAT has been suggested to have broad spectrum anti-inflammatory activity (Tilg et al 1993 J Exp Med 178:1629-1636, Libert et al 1996 Immunol 157:5126-5129, Pott et al, Journal of Leukocyte Biology 85 2009, Janciauskiene et al 2007 J. Biol Chem 282(12): 8573-8582, Nita et al 2007 Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:1165-1176). Recently, evidence has mounted that AAT may be useful in treating numerous human pathologies, outside of the commonly suggested inflammatory pulmonary conditions. Human AAT has shown to protect mice from clinical and histopathological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggesting it could be a potential treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Subramanian et al 2011 Metab Brain Dis 26:107-113). Serum AAT has shown activity in rodent models of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) (Tawara et al 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109: 564-569, Marcondes et al 2011 Blood November 3; 118(18):5031-9), which has lead to a human clinical trial using AAT to treat individuals with Steroid Non-responsive Acute GVHD (NCT01523821). Additionally, AAT has been effective in animal models of type I and type II diabetes, dampening inflammation, protecting islet cells from apoptosis and enabling durable islet cell allograft (Zhang et al 2007 Diabetes 56:1316-1323, Lewis et al 2005 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:12153-12158, Lewis et al 2008 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:16236-16241, Kalis et al 2010 Islets 2:185-189). Currently, there are numerous early human clinical trials of type I diabetes using serum derived AAT products (NCT01183468, NCT01319331, NCT01304537).
The current serum-derived AAT products undergo extensive purification and testing to ensure the removal of pathogenic viruses, however, the risk of transmission of infectious agents cannot be completely eliminated. Moreover, serum is limited, which limits the production capacity of serum derived AAT. Attempts to address the concerns of serum derived products and production issues have been aimed at the expression of recombinant AAT. However, after 20 years of work, the generation of a therapeutically viable recombinant AAT has yet to reach the market (Karnaukhova et al 2006 Amino Acids 30: 317). Like the plasma-derived products, recombinant versions of AAT suffer from short serum half-lives, low production yields, and poor lung distribution.
The fusion proteins of the present invention have enhanced functionalities compared to the unmodified AAT molecule. The fusion of an AAT polypeptide with a second polypeptide that interacts with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), serves to increase the serum half life, providing a much needed dosing benefit for patients. These FcRn interacting polypeptides of the fusion protein include immunoglobulin (Ig) Fc polypeptides derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or IgM, and derivatives of human albumin. In some embodiments, the fusion protein incorporates mutations with the AAT portion that render the molecule more resistant to inactivation by oxidation. For example Met351Glu, Met358Leu (AAT-EL-Fc), demonstrates resistance inactivation by H2O2 oxidation (
To extend the half life of recombinant AAT, recombinant DNA technology was used to create a AAT gene fusion with the Fc domain of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, or HSA, such that the expected protein product would be AAT followed by an Fc domain ((AAT-Fc (IgG1), AAT-Fc (IgG2), AAT-Fc (IgG3), AAT-Fc (IgG4), AAT-Fc (IgM)) or AAT followed by HSA. While it was known that fusion of Fc domains of HSA to some proteins, protein domains or peptides could extend their half-lives (see e.g., Jazayeri et al. BioDrugs 22, 11-26, Huang et al. (2009) Curr Opin Biotechnol 20, 692-699, Kontermann et al. (2009) BioDrugs 23, 93-109, Schmidt et al. (2009) Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 12, 284-295), it was unknown if an Fc domain or HSA fused to AAT would allow for proper folding and maintenance of NE inhibitory activity, or could extend the half-life of recombinant AAT. The fusion proteins of the present invention are shown to be potent inhibitors of NE, have extended serum half lives, and in some embodiments resistant to oxidation. In other embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein have distinct properties by the incorporation of other functional polypeptides, including cytokine targeting polypeptides, and WAP domain containing polypeptides.
The fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin and a second polypeptide. In some embodiments, for example, the invention provides a serpin polypeptide fused to human IgG1-Fc, IgG2-Fc, IgG3-Fc, IgG4-Fc, IgM-Fc, or HSA derivatives. The serpin-fusion described herein are expected to be useful in treating a variety of indications, including, by way of non-limiting example, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), allergic asthma, cystic fibrosis, cancers of the lung, ischemia-reperfusion injury, including, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion injury following cardiac transplantation, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, type I and/or type II diabetes, bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, pneumonia, sepsis, graft versus host disease (GVHD), wound healing, Systemic lupus erythematosis, and Multiple sclerosis.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least an alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and second polypeptide. For example, the invention provides alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) fused to human IgG1-Fc, IgG2-Fc, IgG3-Fc, IgG4-Fc, IgM-Fc, or HSA derivatives.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin polypeptide and a cytokine targeting polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a cytokine targeting polypeptide. For example, the invention provides serpin polypeptide or a sequence derived from a serpin polypeptide fused to a human cytokine receptor or derivative thereof. Another embodiment of the invention provides serpin polypeptide or a sequence derived from a serpin polypeptide fused to a cytokine targeting antibody, e.g., an anti-cytokine antibody, or a sequence derived from of a cytokine targeting antibody, e.g., an anti-cytokine antibody, or sequence derived from a fragment of cytokine targeting antibody, e.g., a fragment of an anti-cytokine antibody. For example, the invention provides a serpin polypeptide or a sequence derived from a serpin polypeptide fused to a cytokine targeting polypeptide in which the cytokine targeting polypeptide binds any of the following human cytokines: TNFα, IgE, IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-13, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, IL-18, IL-27, or IL-32.
For example, in some embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide targets TNFα and includes any of the following TNFα-targeting polypeptide or sequences derived from the following TNFα-targeting polypeptides: Remicade®, Humira®, Simponi®, Cimiza®, Enbrel® or ATN-103 and ATN-192.
For example, in some embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide targets IgE and includes any of the following IgE-targeting polypeptide or sequences derived from the following IgE-targeting polypeptides: Xolair or FcεRI.
For example, in some embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide targets the shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 and includes the Stelara® polypeptide or sequences derived from the Stelara® polypeptide.
For example Stelara® the cytokine targeting polypeptide targets IL-13 and includes the CDP7766 polypeptide or sequences derived from the CDP7766 polypeptide.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least a alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and a cytokine targeting polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a cytokine targeting polypeptide. For example, the invention provides alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibitor (AAT) fused a cytokine targeting polypeptide in which the cytokine targeting polypeptide binds any of the following human cytokines: TNFα, IgE, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17, IL-13, IL-23, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, IL-18, IL-27, or IL-32.
In some embodiments the cytokine targeting polypeptide binds a cytokine receptor and prevents binding of the cytokine. For example, the present invention includes a serpin fused to a cytokine receptor targeting antibody. For example, the invention provides alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibitor (AAT) fused a cytokine targeting polypeptide in which the cytokine targeting polypeptide binds the receptor of any of the following human cytokines: TNFα, IgE, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17, IL-13, IL-23, the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, IL-18, IL-27, or IL-32.
For example, in some embodiments, the cytokine targeting polypeptide targets the IL-6 receptor and includes the Actemra® polypeptide (as described in patent publication EP0628639), or the ALX-0061 polypeptide (as described in WO2010/115998), or sequences derived from the Actemra® polypeptide, or ALX-0061 polypeptide.
For example, Actemra® the cytokine targeting polypeptide targets the IL-6 receptor and includes the tocilizumab polypeptide or sequences derived from the tocilizumab polypeptide.
The targeting of inflammatory cytokines and immune-stimulating agents by protein therapeutics has demonstrated clinical success in numerous inflammatory conditions. The most common proteins used as cytokine targeting agents are the soluble cytokine receptors and monoclonal antibodies and fragments thereof. A significant drawback with targeting cytokines is the increased risk of infection in these patients, as evidenced by the TNFα targeting biologics, Remicade®, Humira®, Simponi®, Cimiza®, and Enbrel®, and the IL-12/23 p40 targeting antibody, Stelara®. This is likely to be a common problem of targeting inflammatory cytokines leading to immune suppression in patients. AAT and other serpin proteins are interesting in that they demonstrate both anti-infective and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the serpin-cytokine targeting polypeptide fusion proteins of this invention can dampen aberrant cytokine activities while alleviating the risk of infections.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin, a WAP domain-containing polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a WAP domain-containing polypeptide, and an Fc polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from an Fc polypeptide. For example, the invention provides a serpin polypeptide, a WAP domain-containing polypeptide and human IgG1-Fc, IgG2-Fc, IgG3-Fc, IgG4-Fc or IgM-Fc derivatives operably linked together in any functional combination. In some embodiments, the WAP domain containing protein is human SLPI or derived from human SLPI. In other embodiments, the WAP domain containing protein is human ELAFIN or derived from human ELAFIN. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least an alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and a SLPI polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from SLPI. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least an AAT polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and an ELAFIN polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from Elafin.
SPLI and Elafin are WAP domain containing proteins that display serine protease inhibitory activity. Both of these proteins are anti-inflammatory in function. In addition these proteins possess broad anti-infective capacities toward numerous strains of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin and a human serum albumin (HSA) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a HSA polypeptide. Further embodiments of invention include serpin-albumin binding polypeptide fusion proteins, wherein the albumin binding polypeptide is responsible for the association of the serpin and HSA. Thereby the invention includes both covalent and non-covalent linkages of the serpin polypeptide and the HSA polypeptide or sequences derived from the serpin polypeptide or a HSA polypeptide. For example, the invention provides a serpin polypeptide fused to human HSA, or HSA derivatives, or HSA binding peptide or polypeptides.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least an alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and a HSA polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a HSA polypeptide. For example, the invention provides alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) fused to HSA or a fragment derived from HSA, or an albumin binding polypeptide.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include a serpin polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a serpin, a HSA polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a HSA polypeptide, and a WAP domain-containing polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a WAP domain-containing polypeptide. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least an alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and a HSA polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a HSA polypeptide, and a SLPI polypeptide or amino acid sequence derived from SLPI. In other embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein include at least an alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from AAT and a HSA polypeptide or an amino acid sequence that is derived from a HSA polypeptide, and an Elafin polypeptide or amino acid sequence derived from Elafin.
The fusion proteins of the present invention can be readily produced in mammalian cell expression systems. For example Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells, COS cells, PER.C6®, NS0 cells, SP2/0, YB2/0 can readily be used for the expression of the serpin fusion proteins described herein. Importantly, mammalian cell expression systems produce proteins that are generally more optimal for therapeutic use. In contrast to bacterial, insect, or yeast-based expression systems, mammalian cell expression systems yield proteins with glycosylation patterns that are similar or the same as those found in natural human proteins. Proper glycosylation of a protein can greatly influence serum stability, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, protein folding, and functionality. Therefore, the ability to produce therapeutic proteins in mammalian expression systems has distinct advantages over other systems. Furthermore, most of the mammalian cell expression systems (e.g., CHO, NS0, PER.C6® cells) can be readily scaled in commercial manufacturing facilities to produce therapeutic proteins to meet clinical demands. The fusion proteins described herein have enhanced functionalities over the natural form of AAT and can be produced in mammalian expression systems for clinical and commercial supply. Some embodiments of the invention include a purification system that enables the isolation of serpin fusion proteins that retain their ability to inhibit NE. Importantly, the purification process of the present invention can be readily incorporated into today's commercial mammalian cell-based manufacturing processes.
Unless otherwise defined, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present invention shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. Generally, nomenclatures utilized in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, and protein and oligo- or polynucleotide chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well known and commonly used in the art. Standard techniques are used for recombinant DNA, oligonucleotide synthesis, and tissue culture and transformation (e.g., electroporation, lipofection). Enzymatic reactions and purification techniques are performed according to manufacturer's specifications or as commonly accomplished in the art or as described herein. The foregoing techniques and procedures are generally performed according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout the present specification. See e.g., Sambrook et al. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989)). The nomenclatures utilized in connection with, and the laboratory procedures and techniques of, analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein are those well known and commonly used in the art. Standard techniques are used for chemical syntheses, chemical analyses, pharmaceutical preparation, formulation, and delivery, and treatment of patients. The term patient includes human and veterinary subjects.
It will be appreciated that administration of therapeutic entities in accordance with the invention will be administered with suitable carriers, buffers, excipients, and other agents that are incorporated into formulations to provide improved transfer, delivery, tolerance, and the like. A multitude of appropriate formulations can be found in the formulary known to all pharmaceutical chemists: Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (15th ed, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1975)), particularly Chapter 87 by Blaug, Seymour, therein. These formulations include, for example, powders, pastes, ointments, jellies, waxes, oils, lipids, lipid (cationic or anionic) containing vesicles (such as Lipofectin™), DNA conjugates, anhydrous absorption pastes, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, emulsions carbowax (polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights), semi-solid gels, and semi-solid mixtures containing carbowax. Any of the foregoing mixtures may be appropriate in treatments and therapies in accordance with the present invention, provided that the active ingredient in the formulation is not inactivated by the formulation and the formulation is physiologically compatible and tolerable with the route of administration. See also Baldrick P. “Pharmaceutical excipient development: the need for preclinical guidance.” Regul. Toxicol Pharmacol. 32(2):210-8 (2000), Wang W. “Lyophilization and development of solid protein pharmaceuticals.” Int. J. Pharm. 203(1-2):1-60 (2000), Charman W N “Lipids, lipophilic drugs, and oral drug delivery-some emerging concepts.” J Pharm Sci. 89(8):967-78 (2000), Powell et al. “Compendium of excipients for parenteral formulations” PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 52:238-311 (1998) and the citations therein for additional information related to formulations, excipients and carriers well known to pharmaceutical chemists.
Therapeutic formulations of the invention, which include a fusion protein of the invention, are used to treat or alleviate a symptom associated with a disease or disorder associated with aberrant serine protease activity in a subject. The present invention also provides methods of treating or alleviating a symptom associated with a disease or disorder associated with aberrant serine protease activity in a subject. A therapeutic regimen is carried out by identifying a subject, e.g., a human patient suffering from (or at risk of developing) a disease or disorder associated with aberrant serine protease activity, using standard methods, including any of a variety of clinical and/or laboratory procedures. The term patient includes human and veterinary subjects. The term subject includes humans and other mammals.
Efficaciousness of treatment is determined in association with any known method for diagnosing or treating the particular disease or disorder associated with aberrant serine protease activity. Alleviation of one or more symptoms of the disease or disorder associated with aberrant serine protease activity indicates that the fusion protein confers a clinical benefit.
Methods for the screening of fusion proteins that possess the desired specificity include, but are not limited to, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzymatic assays, flow cytometry, and other immunologically mediated techniques known within the art.
The fusion proteins described herein may be used in methods known within the art relating to the localization and/or quantitation of a target such as a serine protease, e.g., for use in measuring levels of these targets within appropriate physiological samples, for use in diagnostic methods, for use in imaging the protein, and the like). The terms “physiological sample” and “biological sample,” used interchangeably, herein are intended to include tissues, cells and biological fluids isolated from a subject, as well as tissues, cells and fluids present within a subject. Included within the usage of the terms “physiological sample” and “biological sample”, therefore, is blood and a fraction or component of blood including blood serum, blood plasma, or lymph.
In a given embodiment, fusion proteins specific for a given target, or derivative, fragment, analog or homolog thereof, that contain the target-binding domain, are utilized as pharmacologically active compounds (referred to hereinafter as “Therapeutics”).
A fusion protein of the invention can be used to isolate a particular target using standard techniques, such as immunoaffinity, chromatography or immunoprecipitation. Detection can be facilitated by coupling (i.e., physically linking) the fusion protein to a detectable substance. Examples of detectable substances include various enzymes, prosthetic groups, fluorescent materials, luminescent materials, bioluminescent materials, and radioactive materials. Examples of suitable enzymes include horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase; examples of suitable prosthetic group complexes include streptavidin/biotin and avidin/biotin; examples of suitable fluorescent materials include umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride or phycoerythrin; an example of a luminescent material includes luminol; examples of bioluminescent materials include luciferase, luciferin, and aequorin, and examples of suitable radioactive material include 125I, 131I, 35S or 3H.
A therapeutically effective amount of a fusion protein of the invention relates generally to the amount needed to achieve a therapeutic objective. As noted above, this may be a binding interaction between the fusion protein and its target that, in certain cases, interferes with the functioning of the target. The amount required to be administered will furthermore depend on the binding affinity of the fusion protein for its specific target, and will also depend on the rate at which an administered fusion protein is depleted from the free volume other subject to which it is administered. Common ranges for therapeutically effective dosing of an fusion protein or fragment thereof invention may be, by way of nonlimiting example, from about 0.1 mg/kg body weight to about 250 mg/kg body weight. Common dosing frequencies may range, for example, from twice daily to once a month.
Where fusion protein fragments are used, the smallest inhibitory fragment that specifically binds to the target is preferred. For example, peptide molecules can be designed that retain the ability to bind the target. Such peptides can be synthesized chemically and/or produced by recombinant DNA technology. (See, e.g., Marasco et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 7889-7893 (1993)). The formulation can also contain more than one active compound as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other. Alternatively, or in addition, the composition can comprise an agent that enhances its function, such as, for example, a cytotoxic agent, cytokine, chemotherapeutic agent, growth-inhibitory agent, an anti-inflammatory agent or anti-infective agent. Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
The active ingredients can also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(methylmethacrylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles, and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions.
The formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
Sustained-release preparations can be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the fusion protein, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly(vinylalcohol)), polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and γ ethyl-L-glutamate, non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOT™ (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate), and poly-D-(−)-3-hydroxybutyric acid. While polymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate and lactic acid-glycolic acid enable release of molecules for over 100 days, certain hydrogels release proteins for shorter time periods.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
The fusion proteins of the invention (also referred to herein as “active compounds”), and derivatives, fragments, analogs and homologs thereof, can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration. Such compositions typically comprise the fusion protein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is intended to include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Suitable carriers are described in the most recent edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, a standard reference text in the field, which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferred examples of such carriers or diluents include, but are not limited to, water, saline, ringer's solutions, dextrose solution, and 5% human serum albumin. Liposomes and non-aqueous vehicles such as fixed oils may also be used. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions.
A pharmaceutical composition of the invention is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral, e.g., intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, oral (e.g., inhalation), transdermal (i.e., topical), transmucosal, and rectal administration. Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates, and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor EL™ (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In all cases, the composition must be sterile and should be fluid to the extent that easy syringeability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as manitol, sorbitol, sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying that yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
Oral compositions generally include an inert diluent or an edible carrier. They can be enclosed in gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules. Oral compositions can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash, wherein the compound in the fluid carrier is applied orally and swished and expectorated or swallowed. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. The tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
For administration by inhalation, the compounds are delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressured container or dispenser which contains a suitable propellant, e.g., a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means. For transmucosal or transdermal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents, bile salts, and fusidic acid derivatives. Transmucosal administration can be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories. For transdermal administration, the active compounds are formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.
The compounds can also be prepared in the form of suppositories (e.g., with conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter and other glycerides) or retention enemas for rectal delivery.
In one embodiment, the active compounds are prepared with carriers that will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The materials can also be obtained commercially from Alza Corporation and Nova Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Liposomal suspensions can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,811.
It is especially advantageous to formulate oral or parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active compound for the treatment of individuals.
The pharmaceutical compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration.
The invention will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
Exemplary, but non-limiting examples of AAT-Fc fusion proteins according to the invention include the following sequences. While these examples include a hinge sequence and/or a linker sequence, fusion proteins of the invention can be made using any hinge sequence and/or a linker sequence suitable in length and/or flexibility. Alternatively fusion proteins can be made without using a hinge and/or a linker sequence. For example, the polypeptide components can be directly attached.
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-hFc1 (human IgG1 Fc) described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 3).
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQKEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHE
DPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHMAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGOPREPOVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-hFc2 (human IgG2 Fc), described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 4).
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQK
ERKCCVECPPCPAPPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEV
QFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVLTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPAPIEKTIS
KTKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSD
GSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-MM-EL-hFc1 (human IgG1 Fc, Met351Glu/Met358Leu), described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 34), the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 3), and the Met351Glu mutation is boxed, and the Met358Leu mutation is shaded in grey.
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
MGKVVNPTQK
EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHE
DPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-MM-EL-hFc2 (human IgG2 Fc, Met351Glu/Met358Leu), described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 34), the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 4), the Met351Glu mutation is boxed, and the Met358Leu mutation is shaded in grey.
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
MGKVVNPTQK
ERKCCVECPPC
P
APPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEV
QFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVLTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPAPIEKTIS
KTKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSD
GSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-MM-LL-hFc1 (human IgG1 Fc, Met351Leu/Met358Leu), described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 35), the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 3), the Met351Leu mutation is shaded in black, and the Met358Leu mutation is shaded in grey.
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
MGKVVNPTQK
EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHE
DPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-MM:LL-hFc2 (human IgG2 Fc, Met351Leu/Met358Leu), described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 35), the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 4), the Met351Leu mutation is shaded in black, and the Met358Leu mutation is shaded in grey.
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
MGKVVNPTQKERKCCVECPPCPAPPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEV
QFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSVLTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPAPIEKTIS
KTKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPMLDSD
GSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
An exemplary AAT-Fc fusion protein is the AAT-hFc1-AAT (human IgG1), described herein. As shown below, AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), the IgG-Fc polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 3).
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQKEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHE
DPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKASTGS
EDPQGDAAQ
KTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAMLSLGTKADTH
DEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKL
YHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKGKWERPFEVK
DTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPDEGKLQHLEN
ELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSGVTEEAPLKL
SKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQ
K
These exemplary AAT-Fc fusion proteins were made using the following techniques.
The gene encoding human AAT was PCR amplified from human liver cDNA (Zyagen). Specific point mutations within the gene encoding AAT or the Fc region were generated by overlapping PCR. The AAT encoding gene was cloned in frame with a gene encoding the hinge region, followed by a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or IgM into a mammalian expression vector, containing a mammalian secretion signal sequence up stream of the AAT gene insertion site. These expression vectors were transfected into mammalian cells (specifically HEK293 or CHO cells) and grown for several days in 8% CO2 at 37° C. The recombinant AAT-Fc fusion proteins were purified from the expression cell supernatant by protein A chromatography. Importantly, a near neutral pH buffer was used (Gentle Ag/Ab Elution Buffer, Thermo Scientific) to elute the AAT-Fc fusion protein from the protein A resin. The AAT-Fc fusion protein can not be eluted from protein A resin using a standard low pH elution, as the ability of AAT to inhibit NE is compromised following low pH treatment, likely due to a low pH mediated oligomerization of AAT.
The purified AAT-Fc fusion proteins were tested for activity by determining their ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase (NE).
To monitor human Neutrophil Elastase (NE) activity a fluorescent microplate assay was used. Inhibitory activity was measured by a concomitant decrease in the residual NE activity using the following assay. This assay buffer is composed of 100 mM Tris pH 7.4, 500 mM NaCl, and 0.0005% Triton X-100. Human NE is used at a final concentration of 5 nM (but can also be used from 1-20 nM). The fluorescent peptide substrate AAVP-AMC is used at a final concentration of 100 μM in the assay. The Gemini EM plate reader from Molecular Devices is used to read the assay kinetics using excitation and emission wavelengths of 370 nm and 440 nm respectively, and a cutoff of 420 nm. The assay is read for 10 min at room temperature scanning every 5 to 10 seconds. The Vmax per second corresponds to the residual NE activity, which is plotted for each concentration of inhibitor. The intercept with the x-axis indicates the concentration of inhibitor needed to fully inactivate the starting concentration of NE in the assay. Human serum derived AAT (sdAAT) was used as a positive control in these assays. The AAT-Fc fusion proteins display potent NE inhibitory activity as shown in
Furthermore, AAT-Fc fusion protein displayed a longer serum half life in rats compared to serum derived AAT (
The studies presented herein describe several, non-limiting examples of recombinant AAT derivatives comprising human AAT fused to an anti-TNFα antibody or a derivative of a TNFα receptor. These examples are provided below to further illustrate different features of the present invention. The examples also illustrate useful methodology for practicing the invention. These examples do not and are not intended to limit the claimed invention.
The fusion proteins below include cytokine targeting polypeptide sequences that are from or are derived from (i) the anti-TNFα antibody D2E7 (also known as Adalimumab or Humira®), or (ii) the extracellular domain of Type 2 TNFα Receptor (TNFR2-ECD). The AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined, the antibody constant regions (CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3, or CL) are italicized, and D2E7-VH, D2E7-VK, and TNFR2-ECD are denoted in bold text. While these examples include a hinge sequence and/or a linker sequence, fusion proteins of the invention can be made using any hinge sequence and/or a linker sequence suitable in length and/or flexibility. Alternatively fusion proteins can be made without using a hinge and/or a linker sequence.
An exemplary AAT-TNFα fusion protein is D2E7-Light Chain-AAT (G3S)2 Linker, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), D2E7-VK is denoted in bold text (SEQ ID NO: 37), and the antibody constant regions are italicized (SEQ ID NO: 38)
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGIRNYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYAASTLQSGVPSRFSG
SGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDVATYYCQRYNRAPYTFGQGTKVEIK
RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSG
TASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVY
ACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGECGGGSGGGSEDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFA
FSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAMLSLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQE
LLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVE
KGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKGKWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGM
FNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPDEGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPK
LSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSGVTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLE
AIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQK
An exemplary AAT-TNFα fusion protein is D2E7-Light Chain-AAT ASTGS Linker, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), D2E7-VK is denoted in bold text (SEQ ID NO: 37), and the antibody constant regions is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 38)
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGIRNYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYAASTLQSGVPSRFSG
SGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDVATYYCQRYNRAPYTFGQGTKVEIK
RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSG
TASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVY
ACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGECASTGSEDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSL
YRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAMLSLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLR
TLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGT
QGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKGKWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNI
QHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPDEGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSI
TGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSGVTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIP
MSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQK
An exemplary AAT-TNFα fusion protein is D2E7-Heavy Chain-AAT (G3S)2 Linker, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), D2E7-VH is denoted in bold text (SEQ ID NO: 39), and the antibody constant regions is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 40)
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFDDYAMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSV
EGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKVSYLSTASSLDYWGQGTL
VTVSSASTKGPS
VFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTV
PSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLM
ISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNG
KEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVE
WESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLS
PGKGGGSGGGSEDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFS
PVSIATAFAMLSLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNG
LFLSEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTV
FALVNYIFFKGKWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYL
GNATAIFFLPDEGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGIT
KVFSNGADLSGVTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFL
MIEQNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQK
An exemplary AAT-TNFα fusion protein is D2E7-Heavy Chain-AAT ASTGS Linker, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), D2E7-VH is denoted in bold text (SEQ ID NO: 39), and the antibody constant regions is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 40)
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFDDYAMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSV
EGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKVSYLSTASSLDYWGQGTL
VTVSSASTKGPS
VFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTV
PSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLM
ISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNG
KEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVE
WESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLS
PGKASTGSEDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVS
IATAFAMLSLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFL
SEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFAL
VNYIFFKGKWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNA
TAIFFLPDEGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVF
SNGADLSGVTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIE
QNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQK
An exemplary AAT-TNFα fusion protein is TNFR2-ECD-Fc1-AAT(G3S)2 Linker, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), TNFR2-ECD is denoted in bold text (SEQ ID NO: 41), and the antibody constant regions is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 42)
LPAQVAFTPYAPEPGSTCRLREYYDQTAQMCCSKCSPGQHAKVFCTKTSDTVCDSCEDSTYTQL
WNWVPECLSCGSRCSSDQVETQACTREQNRICTCRPGWYCALSKQEGCRLCAPLRKCRPGFGVA
RPGTETSDVVCKPCAPGTFSNTTSSTDICRPHQICNVVAIPGNASMDAVCTSTSPTRSMAPGAV
HLPQPVSTRSQHTQPTPEPSTAPSTSFLLPMGPSPPAEGSTGD
EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLG
GPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPQVKFNWYVDGVQVHNAKTKPREQQYNSTY
RVVSVLTVLHQNWLDGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVS
LTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVM
HEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
GGGSGGGSEDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSL
YRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAMLSLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLR
TLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGT
QGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKGKWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNI
QHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPDEGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSI
TGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSGVTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIP
MSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQK
An exemplary AAT-TNFα fusion protein is TNFR2-ECD-Fc1-AAT ASTGS Linker, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), TNFR2-ECD is denoted in bold text (SEQ ID NO: 41), and the antibody constant regions is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 42)
LPAQVAFTPYAPEPGSTCRLREYYDQTAQMCCSKCSPGQHAKVFCTKTSDTVCDSCEDSTYTQL
WNWVPECLSCGSRCSSDQVETQACTREQNRICTCRPGWYCALSKQEGCRLCAPLRKCRPGFGVA
RPGTETSDVVCKPCAPGTFSNTTSSTDICRPHQICNVVAIPGNASMDAVCTSTSPTRSMAPGAV
HLPQPVSTRSQHTQPTPEPSTAPSTSFLLPMGPSPPAEGSTGD
EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLG
GPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPQVKFNWYVDGVQVHNAKTKPREQQYNSTY
RVVSVLTVLHQNWLDGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVS
LTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVM
HEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKASTGSEDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQ
LAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAMLSLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLN
QPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVDKFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGK
IVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKGKWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHC
KKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPDEGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGT
YDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSGVTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSI
PPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLFMGKVVNPTQK
These exemplary AAT-TNFα targeting molecule fusion proteins were made using the following techniques.
The genes encoding the variable heavy (VH) and variable kappa (VK) regions of the anti-TNFα antibody, D2E7, were generated by gene synthesis. The D2E7-VH gene was cloned in frame with a gene encoding a human IgG1 antibody heavy chain constant region, consisting of a CH1 domain, a hinge domain, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain, into a mammalian expression vector, containing a mammalian secretion signal sequence up stream of the VH domain insertion site (D2E7-HC). The D2E7-VK gene was cloned in frame with a human antibody kappa light chain constant (CL) domain, into a mammalian expression vector, containing a mammalian secretion signal sequence up stream of the VK domain insertion site (D2E7-LC). The AAT encoding gene and the adjacent 5′ linker sequence were cloned in frame into the 3′ end of either, the CH3 domain of the D2E7 heavy chain gene (D2E7-HC-AAT), or the CL domain of the D2E7 light chain gene (D2E7-LC-AAT) coding sequences in the above described mammalian expression vectors. The extracellular domain of the TNFα Receptor 2 (TNFR2-ECD) was generated by gene synthesis and cloned in frame with a gene encoding the hinge region, followed by a CH2 domain and a CH3 domain of human IgG1 (hFc1) into a mammalian expression, containing a mammalian secretion signal sequence up stream of the TNFR2-ECD insertion site. The AAT encoding gene and the adjacent 5′ linker sequence were cloned in frame into the 3′ end of the gene encoding TNFR2-ECD-hFc1 into a mammalian expression vector (TNFR2-ECD-hFc1-AAT).
The D2E7-HC-AAT expression vector was co-transfected with either the D2E7-LC or the D2E7-LC-AAT expression vector into mammalian cells (specifically HEK293 or CHO cells) to generate the D2E7 antibody with AAT fused to the C-terminus of the heavy chain or to the C-terminus of both the heavy chain and light chain, respectively. The D2E7-LC-AAT was co-transfected with the D2E7-HC expression vector into mammalian cells to generate the D2E7 antibody with AAT fused to the C-terminus of the light chain. The TNFR2-hFc1-AAT expression vector was transfected into mammalian cells. Transfected cells were grown for several days in 8% CO2 at 37° C.
The recombinant AAT-TNFα targeting fusion proteins were purified from the expression cell supernatant by protein A chromatography. A near neutral pH buffer was used (Gentle Ag/Ab Elution Buffer, Thermo Scientific) to elute the AAT-TNFα targeting fusion proteins from the protein A resin.
The purified AAT-TNFα targeting molecule fusion proteins were tested for activity by determining their ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase. Human serum derived AAT (sdAAT) was used as a positive control in these assays. NE inhibitory assay were conducted as described above.
The studies presented herein describe several, non-limiting examples of recombinant AAT derivatives comprising human AAT fused a WAP domain containing protein. These examples are provided below to further illustrate different features of the present invention. The examples also illustrate useful methodology for practicing the invention. The AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined, the Fc portion is italicized, and the WAP domain containing polypeptide is in bold font. While these examples include a hinge sequence and/or a linker sequence, fusion proteins of the invention can be made using any hinge sequence and/or a linker sequence suitable in length and/or flexibility. Alternatively fusion proteins can be made without using a hinge and/or a linker sequence. For example, the polypeptide components can be directly attached.
An exemplary AAT-Fc-SLPI fusion protein is AAT-hFc1-SLPI (human IgG1 Fc), described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), the Fc portion is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 3), and the WAP domain containing polypeptide is in bold font (SEQ ID NO: 9)
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQK
EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHE
DPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHODWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGOPREPOVYTLPPSRDELTKNOVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGOPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWOOGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTOKSLSLSPGKASTGS
SGKSFKAGV
CPPKKSAQCLRYKKPECQSDWQCPGKKRCCPDTCGIKCLDPVDTPNPTRRKPGKCPVTYGQCLM
LNPPNFCEMDGQCKRDLKCCMGMCGKSCVSPVKA
An exemplary AAT-Fc-SLPI fusion protein is AAT-hFc1-SLPI (human IgG1 Fc), described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), the Fc portion is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 3), and the WAP domain containing polypeptide is in bold font (SEQ ID NO: 12)
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQK
EPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHE
DPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIE
KTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNOVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGOPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWOOGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTOKSLSLSPGKASTGS
AVTGVPVKG
QDTVKGRVPFNGQDPVKGQVSVKGQDKVKAQEPVKGPVSTKPGSCPIILIRCAMLNPPNRCLKD
TDCPGIKKCCEGSCGMACFVPQ
The genes encoding the SLPI and Elafin were PCR amplified from human spleen cDNA (Zyagen). These genes were cloned into the mammalian expression vectors of example 1, wherein the SLPI or Elafin gene was inserted in frame with the AAT-Fc gene. These expression vectors were transfected into mammalian cells (specifically HEK293 or CHO cells) and grown for several days in 8% CO2 at 37° C. The recombinant AAT-Fc-WAP domain fusion proteins were purified from the expression cell supernatant by protein A chromatography. A near neutral pH buffer was used (Gentle Ag/Ab Elution Buffer, Thermo Scientific) to elute the AAT-Fc-WAP domain fusion protein from the protein A resin.
The studies presented herein describe several, non-limiting examples of recombinant AAT derivatives comprising human AAT fused an albumin polypeptide. These examples are provided below to further illustrate different features of the present invention. The examples also illustrate useful methodology for practicing the invention. These examples do not and are not intended to limit the claimed invention. The AAT portion is underlined and the albumin portion is italicized. For example, the polypeptide components can be directly attached.
An exemplary AAT-Albumin fusion protein is AAT-HSA, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), and the albumin polypeptide is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 14)
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQKASTGSDAHKSEVAHRFKDLGEENFKALVLIAFAQYLQQCPFEDHVKLVNEVTEF
AKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLFGDKLCTVATLRETYGEMADCCAKQEPERNECFLQHKDDNPNLP
RLVRPEVDVMCTAFHDNEETFLKKYLYEIARRHPYFYAPELLFFAKRYKAAFTECCQAADKAAC
LLPKLDELRDEGKASSAKORLKCASLOKFGERAFKAWAVARLSORFPKAEFAEVSKLVTDLTKV
HTECCHGDLLECADDRADLAKYICENODSISSKLKECCEKPLLEKSHCIAEVENDEMPADLPSL
AADFVESKDVCKNYAEAKDVFLGMFLYEYARRHPDYSVVLLLRLAKTYETTLEKCCAAADPHEC
YAKVFDEFKPLVEEPQNLIKONCELFEQLGEYKFQNALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSRNLGKV
GSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVVLNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNRRPCFSALEVDETY
VPKEFNAETFTFHADICTLSEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKCCKA
DDKETCFAEEGKKLVAASQAALGL
An exemplary AAT-Albumin fusion protein is AAT-HSA Domain 3, described herein. As shown below, the AAT polypeptide portion of the fusion protein is underlined (SEQ ID NO: 2), and the albumin polypeptide is italicized (SEQ ID NO: 15)
EDPQGDAAQKTDTSHHDQDHPTFNKITPNLAEFAFSLYRQLAHQSNSTNIFFSPVSIATAFAML
SLGTKADTHDEILEGLNFNLTEIPEAQIHEGFQELLRTLNQPDSQLQLTTGNGLFLSEGLKLVD
KFLEDVKKLYHSEAFTVNFGDTEEAKKQINDYVEKGTQGKIVDLVKELDRDTVFALVNYIFFKG
KWERPFEVKDTEEEDFHVDQVTTVKVPMMKRLGMFNIQHCKKLSSWVLLMKYLGNATAIFFLPD
EGKLQHLENELTHDIITKFLENEDRRSASLHLPKLSITGTYDLKSVLGQLGITKVFSNGADLSG
VTEEAPLKLSKAVHKAVLTIDEKGTEAAGAMFLEAIPMSIPPEVKFNKPFVFLMIEQNTKSPLF
MGKVVNPTQKASTGSEEPONLIKQNCELFEQLGEYKFONALLVRYTKKVPQVSTPTLVEVSENL
GKVGSKCCKHPEAKRMPCAEDYLSVVLNQLCVLHEKTPVSDRVTKCCTESLVNREPCFSALEVD
ETYVPKEFNAETFTFEADICTLSEKERQIKKQTALVELVKHKPKATKEQLKAVMDDFAAFVEKC
CKADDKETCFAEEGKKLVA
The gene encoding human serum albumin (HSA) was PCR amplified from human liver cDNA (Zyagen). A mammalian expression vector was generated, wherein gene encoding HSA or the domain 3 of HSA, was cloned in frame to the 3′ end of the AAT encoding gene, containing a mammalian secretion signal sequence up stream of AAT.
These expression vectors were transfected into mammalian cells (specifically HEK293 or CHO cells) and grown for several days in 8% CO2 at 37° C. The recombinant AAT-HSA fusion proteins were purified from the expression cell supernatant using the CaptureSelect® Alpha-1 Antitrypsin affinity matrix (BAC BV), wherein the binding buffer consisted of 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 and the elution buffer consisted of 20 mM Tris, 2M MgCl2 pH 7.4.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/536,976, filed Jun. 28, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/502,055, filed Jun. 28, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/570,394, filed Dec. 14, 2011; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/577,204, filed Dec. 19, 2011; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/638,168, filed Apr. 25, 2012. The contents of each of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3773919 | Boswell et al. | Nov 1973 | A |
| 4522811 | Eppstein et al. | Jun 1985 | A |
| 5734014 | Ishima et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 6737056 | Presta | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6797493 | Sun et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 7045318 | Ballance | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7399746 | Congote | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7427595 | Zhu et al. | Sep 2008 | B1 |
| 7563441 | Graus et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 8980266 | Eckelman et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8986688 | Timmer et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 20020081607 | Ruben et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20030040097 | Ruben | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030069395 | Sato et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030073217 | Barr et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030190311 | Dall'Acqua | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20060030527 | Mjalli et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060173170 | Chamberlain et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060276633 | Jung | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060292643 | Goletz | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070004909 | Johnson | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070041907 | Ober | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20080171689 | Williams et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20090304696 | Lawson | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100087627 | Marshall et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100247515 | Steward et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100256065 | Filbin et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100261248 | Kim et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20110002888 | Rosen et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110021416 | Shapiro | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110021755 | Lazar et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20130011399 | Timmer et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20150104410 | Eckelman et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150147325 | Eckelman et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0662516 | Jul 1995 | EP |
| 0628639 | Jun 1999 | EP |
| 1 889 908 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 2004537970 | Dec 2004 | JP |
| WO 9404697 | Mar 1994 | WO |
| WO 200250287 | Jun 2002 | WO |
| WO 03021273 | Mar 2003 | WO |
| WO 2005086915 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| WO-2008138017 | Nov 2008 | WO |
| WO 2009045508 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| WO 2010123290 | Oct 2010 | WO |
| WO-20115998 | Jan 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011107505 | Sep 2011 | WO |
| WO 2012178102 | Dec 2012 | WO |
| WO 2013192131 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| TR0027-Elution-Conditions (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., Tech Tip#27 “Optimize elution conditions for immunoaffinity purification.” 2009. Last accessed at tools.thermofisher.com/ . . ./TR0027-Elution-conditions.pdf on Nov. 18, 2016). |
| Instructions—Gentle Ag/Ab Binding and Elution Buffers (ThermoFisher Scientific. 2011. Last accessed at tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/manuals/MAN0011176—Gentle—AgAb—Bind—Elution—Buff—UG.pdf on Nov. 18, 2016). |
| Gonzalez R. et al.: “Screening the mammalian extracellular proteome for regulators of embryonic human stem cell pluripotency”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107, No. 8, (Feb. 2, 2010), pp. 3552-3557. |
| Sheffield William P. et al.: “Addition of a sequence from [alpha]-2-antiplasmin transforms human serum albumin into a blood clot component that speeds clot lysis”, BMC Biotechnology, Biomed Central Ltd, London GB, vol. 9, No. 1, (Mar. 3, 2009), p. 15. |
| Abe et al. “Expression of the Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor Gene in Epithelial Cells.” J. Clin. Invest. 87.6(1991):2207-2215. |
| Bergenfeldt et al. “Release of Neutrophil Proteinase 4(3) and Leukocyte Elastase During Phagocytosis and Their Interaction With Proteinase Inhibitors.” Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 52.8(1992):823-829. |
| Charnow and Aschkenazi. “Immunoadhesins: principles and applications” Trends in Biotechnology., 14(1996):52-60. |
| Chattopadhyay et al. “Salivary Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor and Oral Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—Infected Persons.” Infect. Immun. 72.4(2004):1956-1963. |
| Cowan et al. “Elafin, a Serine Elastase Inhibitor, Attenuates Post-Cardiac Transplant Coronary Arteriopathy and Reduces Myocardial Necrosis in Rabbits After Heterotropic Cardiac Transplantation.” J. Clin. Invest. 97.11(1996):2452-2468. |
| Ding et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Interferes With Uptake of Lipopolysaccharide by Macrophages.” Infect. Immun. 67.9(1999):4485-4489. |
| Eisenberg et al. “Location of the Protease-Inhibitory Region of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” J. Biol. Chem. 265.14(1990):7976-7981. |
| GenBank Accession No. MHHU GI:7428607, Jun. 22, 1999. |
| Hiemstra et al. “Antibacterial Activity of Antileukoprotease.” Infect. Immun. 64.11(1996):4520-4524. |
| Hocini et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Inhibits Infection of Monocytes and Lymphocytes With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 but Does Not Interfere With Transcytosis of Cell-Associated Virus Across Tight Epithelial Barriers.” Clin. Diagn. Immunol. 7.3(2000):515-518. |
| Janciauskiene et al.: “The discovery of al-antitrypsin and its role in health and disease” Respiratory Medicine. 105(2011):1129-1139. |
| King et al. “Innate Immune Defences in the Human Endometrium.” Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 1(2003):116. |
| Lentsch et al. “Inhibition of NF-κB Activation and Augmentation of IκBβ by Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor During Lung Inflammation.” Am. J. Pathol. 154.1(1999):239-247. |
| Maruyama et al. “Modulation of Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor Gene Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Phorbol Ester.” J. Clin. Invest. 94.1(1994):368-375. |
| Masuda et al. “Role of Fc Receptors as a Therapeutic Target” Inflammation & Allergy—Drug Targets. 8(2009):80-86. |
| McMichael et al. “The Antimicrobial Antiproteinase Elafin Binds to Lipopolysaccharide and Modulates Macrophage Responses.” Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 32(2005):443-452. |
| McNeely et al. “Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity by Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Occurs Prior to Viral Reverse Transcription.” Blood. 90.3(1997):1141-1149. |
| Meyer-Hoffert et al. “Supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induce the Pseudomonas-Specific Antibiotic Elafin in Human Keratinocytes.” Exp. Dermatol. 12.4(2003):418-425. |
| Michaelson et al. “Anti-tumor activity of stability-engineered IgG-like bispecific antibodies targeting TRAIL-R2 and LTβR” MAbs. 1(2009):128-141. |
| Nakamura et al. “Increased Susceptibility to LBS-Induced Endotoxin Shock in Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor (SLPI)—Deficient Mice.” J. Exp. Med. 197.5(2003):669-674. |
| Rabinovitch. “EVE and Beyond, Retro and Prospective Insights.” Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 277(1999): L5-L12. |
| Ranganathan et al. “The Whey Acid Protein Family: A New Signature Motif and Three-Dimensional Structure by Comparative Modeling.” J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 17.2(1999):106-113. |
| Rao et al. “Interaction of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor With Proteinase-3.” Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 8(1993):612-616. |
| Sallenave et al. “Regulation of Pulmonary and Systemic Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Responses in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Elafin.” Infect. Immun. 71.7(2003):3766-3774. |
| Sallenave “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor and Elafin/Trappin-2: versatile mucosal antimicrobials and regulators of immunity.” Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 42(2010):635-643. |
| Schalkwijk et al. “The Trappin Gene Family: Proteins Defined by an N-Terminal Transglutaminase Substrate Domain and a C-Terminal Four-Disulphide Core.” Biochem. J. 340(1999):569-577. |
| Scott et al.: “Comparison of IgA-α1-Antitrypsin Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Seronegative Oligoarthritis: Complex Formation Is Not Associated With Inflammation Per SE” British Journal of Rheumatology. 37(1998):398-404. |
| Scott et al. “SLPI and Elafin: Multifunctional Antiproteases of the WFDC Family.” Biochem. Soc. Trans. 39.5(2011):1437-1440. |
| Shaw and Wiedow. “Therapeutic Potential of Human Elafin.” Biochem. Soc. Trans. 39.5(2011):1450-1454. |
| Si-Tahar et al. “Constitutive and Regulated Secretion of Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor by Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells.” Gastroenterology. 118.6(2000):1061-1071. |
| Simpson et al. “Elafin (Elastase-Specific Inhibitor) has Anti-Microbial Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Respiratory Pathogens.” FEBS Lett. 452.3(1999):309-313. |
| Simpson et al. “Regulation of Adenovirus-Mediated Elafin Transgene Expression by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide.” Hum. Gene Ther. 12(2001):1395-1406. |
| Taggart et al.: “Oxidation of either Methionine 351 or Methionine 358 in a1-Antitrypsin Causes Loss of Anti-neutrophil Elastase Activity”. J. Biol. Chem. 275(2000):27258-27265. |
| Taggart et al. “Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor Binds to NK-κB Binding Sites in Monocytes and Inhibits p65 Binding.” J. Exp. Med. 202.12(2005):1659-1668. |
| Tomee et al. “Antileukoprotease: An Endogenous Protein in the Innate Mucosal Defense Against Fungi.” J. Infect. Dis. 176.3(1997):740-747. |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Pro P01861 (IGHG4—HUMAN), Jul. 21, 1986. |
| Wang et al. “Up-Regulation of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in the Brain After Ischemic Stroke: Adenoviral Expression of SLPI Protects Brain From Ischemic Injury.” Mol. Pharmacol. 64.4(2003):833-840. |
| Wiedow et al. “Antileukoprotease in Human Skin: An Antibiotic Peptide Constitutively Produced by Keratinocytes.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248.3(1998):904-909. |
| Ying and Simon. “Kinetics of the Inhibition of Proteinase 3 by Elafin.” Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 24(2001):83-89. |
| Ashcroft et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Mediates Non-Redundant Functions Necessary for Normal Wound Healing.” Nat. Med. 6.10(2000):1147-1153. |
| Baldrick. “Pharmaceutical Excipient Development: The Need for Preclinical Guidance.” Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32.2(2000):210-218. |
| Bergenfeldt et al. “The Elimination of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) after Intravenous Injection in Dog and Man.” Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 50(1990):729-737. |
| Charman. “Lipids, Lipophilic Drugs, and Oral Drug Delivery: Some Emerging Concepts.” J. Pharm. Sci. 89.8(2000):967-978. |
| Clinical Trials Identifier: NTC01183468. ClinicalTrials.govNov. 8, 2012. Web. Nov. 15, 2013. http://clinicaltrials.gov/archive/NCT01183468/2012—11—08. |
| Clinical Trials Identifier: NTC01304537. ClinicalTrials.gov Feb. 19, 2013. Web. Nov. 15, 2013. http://clinicaltrials.gov/archive/NCT01304537/2013—02—19. |
| Clinical Trials Identifier: NTC01319331. ClinicalTrials.gov Jan. 8, 2013. Web. Nov. 15, 2013. http://clinicaltrials.gov/archive/NCT01319331/2013—01—08. |
| Clinical Trials Identifier: NTC01523821. ClinicalTrials.gov Dec. 18, 2012. Web. Nov. 15, 2013. http://clinicaltrials.gov/archive/NCT01523821/2012—12—18. |
| Dall'Acqua et al. “Properties of Human IgG1s Engineered for Enhanced Binding to the Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn).” J. Biol. Chem. 281.33(2006):23514-23524. |
| Doumas et al. “Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Roles of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” Infect. Immun. 73.2(2005):1271-1274. |
| Fath et al. “Interaction of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor With Heparin Inhibits Proteases Involved in Asthma.” J. Biol. Chem. 273.22(1998):13563-13569. |
| Feuerstein. “Inflammation and Stroke: Therapeutic Effects of Adenoviral Expression of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” Front. Biosci. 11(2006):1750-1757. |
| Forteza et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor, but not α-1 Protease Inhibitor, Blocks Tryptase-Induced Bronchoconstriction.” Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 14(2001):107-110. |
| Gast et al. “Pharmacokinetics and Distribution of Recombinant Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor in Rats.” Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141(1990):889-894. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAA51546.1, Oct. 30, 1994. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAA51547.1, Oct. 30, 1994. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAB59375.1, Nov. 1, 1994. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAB59495.1, Aug. 8, 1995. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAD19661.1, May 30, 2002. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAG00546.1, Jun. 14, 2001. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAG00547.1, Jun. 14, 2001. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAG00548.1, Jun. 14, 2001. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAH20708.1, Jul. 15, 2006. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAH44829.2, Mar. 9, 2007. |
| GenBank Accession No. AAH53369.1, Jul. 15, 2006. |
| GenBank Accession No. BAA02441.1, Jul. 21, 2005. |
| GenBank Accession No. BAG35125.1, May 24, 2008. |
| GenBank Accession No. CAA25838.1, Mar. 5, 2002. |
| GenBank Accession No. CAA28187.1, Apr. 18, 2005. |
| GenBank Accession No. CAA28188.1, Oct. 7, 2008. |
| GenBank Accession No. CAA34982.1, Apr. 18, 2005. |
| GenBank Accession No. CAB64235.1, Jan. 13, 2009. |
| GenBank Accession No. CAJ15161.1, Jul. 8, 2007. |
| GenBank Accession No. EAW75813.1, Feb. 4, 2010. |
| GenBank Accession No. EAW75814.1, Feb. 4, 2010. |
| GenBank Accession No. EAW75869.1, Feb. 4, 2010. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—000286.3, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001002235.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001002236.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121172.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121174.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121175.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121176.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121177.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121178.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—001121179.1, Sep. 16, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—002629.1, Jun. 27, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—003055.1, Jun. 27, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—065131.1, Aug. 24, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. NP—542181.1, Jun. 30, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. O95925.1, Sep. 5, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. P01009.3, Sep. 5, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. P03973.2, Sep. 5, 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. P19957.3, Sep. 5 2012. |
| GenBank Accession No. Q8IUB2.1, Sep. 5, 2012. |
| Ghasemlou et al. “Beneficial Effects of Secretory Luekocyte Protease Inhibitor After Spinal Cord Injury.” Brain. 133(2010):126-138. |
| Hamaker et al. “Chromatography for Rapid Buffer Exchange and Refolding of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” Biotechnol. Prog. 12(1996):184-189. |
| Huang. “Receptor-Fc Fusion Therapeutics, Traps, and MIMETIBODY™ Technology.” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 20(2009):692-699. |
| Janciauskiene et al “α1-Antitrypsin, Old Dog, New Tricks: αl-Antitrypsin Exerts in vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Monocytes by Elevating cAMP.” J. Biol. Chem. 282.12(2007):8573-8582. |
| Jazayeri et al. “Fc-Based Cytokines: Prospects for Engineering Superior Therapeutics.” BioDrugs. 22.1(2008):11-26. |
| Jin et al. “Lipopolysaccharide-Related Stimuli Induce Expression of the Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor, a Macrophage-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Inhibitor.” Infect. Immun. 66.6(1998):2447-2452. |
| Kabat et al. Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th edit. NIH Publication No. 91-3242 U.S. Dept of Health & Human Services (1991): iii-xcvi, 2130-2180. |
| Kalis et al. “α 1-Antitrypsin Enhances Insulin Secretion and Prevents Cytokine-Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic β-Cells.” Islets. 2.3(2010):185-189. |
| Karnaukhova et al. “Recombinant Human α-1 Proteinase Inhibitor: Towards Therapeutic Use.” Amino Acids. 30.4(2006):317-332. |
| Kontermann. “Strategies to Extend Plasma Half-Lives of Recombinant Antibodies.” BioDrugs. 23.2(2009):93-109. |
| Lewis et al. “α1-Antitrypsin Monotherapy Induces Immune Tolerance During Islet Allograft Transplantation in Mice.” PNAS. 105.42(2008):16236-16241. |
| Lewis et al. “α1-Antitrypsin Monotherapy Prolongs Islet Allograft Survival in Mice.” PNAS. 102.34(2005):12153-12158. |
| Li et al. “Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Protein from Pichia pastoris.” Protein Exp. Purif. 67(2009):175-181. |
| Libert et al. “α1-Antitrypsin Inhibits the Lethal Response to TNF in Mice.” J. Immunol. 157(1996):5126-5129. |
| Lucey et al. “Recombinant Human Secretory Leukocyte-Protease Inhibitor: In Vitro Properties, and Amelioration of Human Neutrophil Elastase-Induced Emphysema and Secretory Cell Metaplasia in the Hamster.” J. Lab. Clin. Med. 115(1990):224-232. |
| Lungarella et al. “The Dual Role of Neutrophil Elastase in Lung Destruction and Repair.” Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 40.6-7(2008):1287-1296. |
| Marasco et al. “Design, Intracellular Expression, and Activity of a Human Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 jp120 Single-Chain Antibody.” PNAS. 90.16(1993):7889-7893. |
| Marcondes et al. “Inhibition of IL-32 Activation by α-1 Antitrypsin Suppresses Alloreactivity and Increases Survival in an Allogeneic Murine Marrow Transplantation Model.” Blood. 118.18(2011):5031-5039. |
| Marino et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Allergic Asthma in Mice.” J. Immunol. 186(2011):4433-4442. |
| McNeely et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor: A Human Saliva Protein Exhibiting Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Activity In Vitro.” J. Clin. Invest. 96.1(1995):456-464. |
| Mulligan et al. “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Mutant Forms of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” Am. J. Pathol. 156.3(2000):1033-1039. |
| Nishimura et al. “Potent Antimycobacterial Activity of Mouse Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” J. Immunol. 180(2008):4032-4039. |
| Nita et al. “α1-Antitrypsin Regulates CD14 Expression and Soluble CD14 Levels in Human Monocytes in vitro.” Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 39.6(2007):1165-1176. |
| Pillay et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in Vaginal Fluids and Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission.” J. Infect. Dis. 183.4(2001):653-656. |
| Pott et al. “α-1-Antitrypsin is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Whole Blood.” J. Leukoc. Biol. 85(2009):886-895. |
| Powell et al. “Compendium of Excipients for Parental Formulations.” PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 52(1998):238-311. |
| Schmidt. “Fusions-Proteins as Biopharmaceuticals: Applications and Challenges.” Curr. Opin. Drug Disc. Dev. 12.2(2009):284-295. |
| Schneeberger et al. “The Effect of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiac Transplantation.” Am. J. Transplant. 8(2008):773-782. |
| Song et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Suppresses the Inflammation and Joint Damage of Bacterial Cell Wall-Induced Arthritis.” J. Exp. Med. 190.4(1999):535-542. |
| Stolk et al. “Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alveolar Wall Destruction in the Hamster is Inhibited by Intratracheal Treatment With r-Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor.” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 624(1991):350-352. |
| Stromatt. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in Cystic Fibrosis.” Agents Actions Suppl. 42(1993):103-110. |
| Subramanian et al. “Sustained Expression of Circulating Human α-1 Antitrypsin Reduces Inflammation, Increases CD4+FoxP3+ Treg Cell Population and Prevents Signs of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.” Metab. Brain Dis. 26.2(2011):107-113. |
| Tarawa et al. “α-1-Antitrypsin Monotherapy Reduces Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Experimental Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.” PNAS. 109.2(2012):564-569. |
| Tilg et al. “Antiinflammatory Properties of Hepatic Acute Phase Proteins: Preferential Induction of Interleukin 1 (IL-1) Receptor Antagonist Over IL-1β Synthesis by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.” J. Exp. Med. 178(1993):1629-1636. |
| Wang. “Lyophilization and Development of Solid Protein Pharmaceuticals.” Int. J. Pharm. 203.1-2(2000):1-60. |
| Watterberg et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor and Lung Inflammation in Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.” J. Pediatr. 125(1994):264-269. |
| Weldon et al. “The Role of Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor in the Resolution of Inflammatory Responses.” Biochem. Soc. Trans. 35(2007):273-276. |
| Williams et al. “SLPI and Elafin: One Glove, Many Fingers.” Clin. Sci. 110.1(2006):21-35. |
| Wright et al. “Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Prevents Allergen-Induced Pulmonary Responses in Animal Models of Asthma.” J. PharmacoL Exp. Ther. 289.2(1999):1007-1014. |
| Ying et al. “Soluble Monomeric IgG1 Fc.” J. Biol. Chem. 287.23(2012):19399-19408. |
| Zalevsky et al. “Enhanced Antibody Half-Life Improves in vivo Activity.” Nat. Biotechnol. 28.2(2010):157-159. |
| Zhang et al. “α1-Antitrypsin Protects β-Cells From Apoptosis.” Diabetes. 56(2007):1316-1323. |
| Bingle, L., et al. “The putative ovarian tumor marker gene HE4 (WFDC2), is expressed in normal tissues and undergoes complex alternative splicing to yield multiple protein isoforms”, Oncogene, 2002. vol. 21, No. 17, pp. 2768-2773. |
| GenBank: Accession No. ACD12527 “A1AT [Plastid transformation vector pAPR23].” [retrieved online Jun. 28, 2017 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/187476087/]. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130330769 A1 | Dec 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61502055 | Jun 2011 | US | |
| 61570394 | Dec 2011 | US | |
| 61577204 | Dec 2011 | US | |
| 61638168 | Apr 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13536976 | Jun 2012 | US |
| Child | 13969959 | US |
