Patent Grant
7271882
The present invention relates to a stereoscopic shape measuring apparatus called a profiler and a stereoscopic shape measuring method. More particularly, the present invention relates to an atomic force microscope (AFM) employed to control a process of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in semiconductor manufacturing. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an offset analyzer in which the aforementioned stereoscopic shape measuring system is applied to offset direction, such as alignment mark detection, or the like.
As an integrated circuit becomes highly integrated and highly dense, it is required for a projection aligner (an exposure apparatus) employed in semiconductor manufacturing to project and expose a circuit pattern of a reticle surface onto a wafer surface at higher resolution. Since a projection resolution of a circuit pattern depends upon the numerical aperture (NA) of a projection optical system and an exposure wavelength (λ), a method wherein the NA of a projection optical system is increased while having a fixed exposure wavelength, has been applied to manufacturing products. As an example of employing 248 nm, that is, a KrF excimer laser oscillation wavelength, an aligner having an NA of 0.6 or more has already been introduced commercially.
As the NA increases, an optical depth decreases, becoming inversely proportional to NA2. To solve this problem, a CMP process, that is, a planarizing technique, is introduced.
In a planarization process of CMP, particularly, in the metal CMP shown in
For instance, such error causes deterioration of the alignment accuracy in a semiconductor aligner. More specifically, a structure of alignment marks becomes asymmetrical due to the CMP processing. As a result, a rotating error shown in
For this reason, in order to maintain high accuracy of alignment, it is necessary to control the CMP process by measuring the alignment marks after the CMP process with a profiler, such as an AFM, or the like, to make sure that the resist shapes are symmetrical. Besides the aforementioned symmetry of the pattern, it is also necessary to control characteristics such as planarity, over/under etching, dicing, and oxide erosion.
The stereoscopic shape measuring means (profiler) employed in the process control of the CMP can be categorized into optical means and non-optical means. For non-optical means, an AFM and a stylus profiler, and for optical means, a profiler employing an interferometer, are described below by citing specific examples.
An example of an AFM is a Dimension Metrology AFM, manufactured by Digital Instrument, which is aimed to measure critical dimensions (CD), e.g., a line width, pitch and depth, wall angle, roughness, and so on. A structure of this apparatus is shown in
An effective measurement mode is neither a contact nor a non-contact mode, but a tapping mode, which realizes measurement by oscillating the probe 9 with a resonant frequency of 200 to 400 Khz.
An example of a stylus profiler is an HRP240ETCH (HRP: High Resolution Profiler), manufactured by KLA-Tencor, which is capable of measuring the entire area of a 300 mm wafer. A structure of this apparatus is shown in
Furthermore, there is a mode called a dipping mode, where the stylus 13 is brought down to a sample set at a measurement point and brought into contact until a predetermined stylus force is achieved, then after measurement, the stylus is elevated to be moved in the measuring direction and again brought down. The dipping mode enables sample measurement with a high aspect ratio.
An optical non-contact type detection profiler includes types adopting various optical methods. One of them is New View manufactured by Zygo, which is a three-dimensional surface structure analyzing microscope. Detection of this microscope is realized by employing a Mirou interferometer as shown in
In the process control of CMP, a profiler employed may be of an optical type or a non-optical type, such as an AFM or a stylus profiler, or the like, as long as it satisfies specific accuracy. To give priority to a resolution in the horizontal direction, non-optical profilers, such as an AFM or a stylus profiler, are advantageous.
The reason thereof is in that since a resolution in the horizontal direction is determined by an optical condition (NA, λ) of an optical profiler, resolution of 100 nm or less cannot be achieved. On the contrary, for instance, an end of a probe of an AFM, which possibly comes in contact with a sample (measurement target), has a radius of 5 to 20 nm, thus, apparently has a superior horizontal resolution to that of an optical profiler.
For the above-described reason, it is a current situation to use a non-optical profiler, such as an AFM or a stylus profiler, to achieve measurement of the horizontal direction at the highest resolution and to control processing of CMP, or the like, with high accuracy.
In addition, as an integrated circuit becomes highly integrated and highly dense as mentioned above, accurate alignment of a reticle and wafer is required. In order to meet this demand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 2000-228356 discloses a method of using a surface shape measuring system, such as an AFM, or the like, to calculate an alignment offset value after a surface-film is formed on a mark-formed portion of a measurement target, and to detect the position of the film-formed mark by using this offset value.
However, if an AFM or a stylus profiler is employed to give priority to a resolution in the horizontal direction, there is a possibility of contamination of a wafer surface.
When using an AFM or a stylus profiler, there is a case that a probe used for measurement strongly comes in contact with the wafer surface when it is not in use.
For instance, an AFM uses an atomic force as a measurement value, as its name implies. When the probe of the AFM moves from the current measurement point to a next measurement point, the distance between the probe and wafer becomes close due to a concave and a convex shape of the alignment mark on a wafer as shown in
Herein, a probe is made of silicon. If this probe strongly comes in contact with a wafer used in CMP process control, the possibility of contamination cannot be denied. Furthermore, in a case of measuring a resist surface, a strong contact of a probe may damage the resist surface, as a resist is softer than silicon.
For this reason, in the current CMP process control, the wafer measured by an AFM, or the like, is discarded after measurement, without being returned to the process line, since it may be contaminated. Although the contamination may completely be eliminated by cleaning the wafer after measurement, the time necessary for cleaning causes a reduced throughput in the entire semiconductor device production line.
The present invention has been proposed to solve the conventional problems, and has as its object to measure a shape of a surface with high accuracy, but without contaminating or damaging the surface of a target.
Another object of the present invention is to efficiently detect an alignment offset value after a surface-film is formed on a mark-formed portion of a target, thereby realizing high-speed alignment with high accuracy.
Note in this specification, an AFM or a stylus profiler will be referred to as a contactable profiler, and an optical profiler adopting a non-contact measurement scheme will be referred to as a non-contactable profiler.
In order to achieve the above objects, according to the stereoscopic shape measuring apparatus and method of the present invention, when a shape of a surface of a target is measured, a non-contactable first measuring unit such as an optical profiler, or the like (e.g., a Mirou interferometer method) measures without contacting the surface of the target, and a contactable second measuring unit (a contact to the target is allowed) such as an AFM or a stylus profiler, or the like, measures again, by using the measurement result of the first measuring unit. To realize this measurement, the shape measuring apparatus of the present invention comprises an operation control unit for controlling a measuring operation of the second measuring unit.
In a case where an optical profiler adopting the above-mentioned Mirou interferometer method is employed as the first measuring unit, an observation beam is irradiated to the surface of the target, then a part of the observation beam is extracted by a half mirror as a reference beam before the observation beam reflects on the target, and an interference figure between the reference beam and reflection light reflected on the surface of the target is picked up by a photoreceptor such as a CCD camera, thereby measuring a height of the surface of the target.
Furthermore, in a case where an aforementioned AFM is employed as the second measuring unit, relative alignment is performed between the surface of the measurement target and the end of a probe of the atomic force microscope, which detects the height of the surface of the target, based on the measurement result of the first measuring unit, then the surface of the target is scanned in a manner such that the probe end does not come in contact with the surface of the target, and the height of the probe is detected at a position where atomic force acts on the probe.
On the other hand, in a case where an aforementioned stylus profiler is employed as the second measuring unit, relative alignment is performed between the surface of the target and the end of a stylus of the stylus profiler, which detects the height of the surface of the target, based on the measurement result of the first measuring unit, then the surface of the target is scanned in a manner such that the stylus force of the stylus end that comes in contact with the surface of the target does not exceed 50 nN, and the height of the stylus is detected when the stylus comes in contact with the surface of the target.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the surface scanning speed of the probe or stylus in accordance with an existence or absence of a concavity and convexity, or steps on the surface of the target, which is obtained from the measurement result of the first measuring unit. More specifically, using the measurement result of the first measuring unit, the scanning speed of the probe or stylus is increased in an area where the surface is flat, whereas the scanning speed is decreased in an area where steps or concavity and convexity exist, particularly in the area where an alignment mark is formed on a semiconductor wafer.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the surface of the target is scanned, it is preferable to operate in the aforementioned tapping mode or dipping mode, i.e., detecting a position where atomic force acts or a position where the probe or stylus comes in contact with the surface of the target while vertically oscillating the probe or stylus.
An aligning method according to the present invention is utilized to perform relative alignment between a first object and a second object by an alignment detection system, when a pattern on the first object is transferred onto the resist-coated second object. The aligning method is characterized by obtaining an alignment offset value of the alignment-mark-formed portion of the resist-coated second object with the use of the aforementioned stereoscopic shape measuring apparatus, and using the obtained alignment offset value in the relative alignment operation. According to this method, it is possible to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the wafer surface, caused by using a contactable profiler such as an AFM or a stylus profiler in the CMP process control.
Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to an aligner (an exposure apparatus), which employs either the above-described stereoscopic shape measuring apparatus or the method to perform alignment between a substrate and an original plate to expose and transfer a pattern of the original plate onto the substrate.
Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to a semiconductor device manufacturing method, which comprises the step of installing manufacturing machines for performing various processes, including the aforementioned aligner (exposure apparatus), in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, and the step of manufacturing a semiconductor device in a plurality of processes by using the manufacturing machines. It is preferable to further comprise the steps of connecting the aforementioned manufacturing machines through a local area network, and the step of communicating information related to at least one of the manufacturing machines between the local area network and an external network outside the semiconductor manufacturing factory. Moreover, it is preferable to perform production management by obtaining maintenance information of the manufacturing machines through data communication, which is realized by accessing a database provided by a vendor of the aligner (exposure apparatus) or a user through the external network, or by data communication between the aforementioned semiconductor manufacturing factory and another semiconductor manufacturing factory through the external network.
Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to a semiconductor manufacturing factory, including manufacturing machines for performing various processes, including the aforementioned aligner (exposure apparatus), a local area network connecting the manufacturing machines, and a gateway enabling the local area network to access an external network outside the factory, which enables data communication with regard to information related to at least one of the manufacturing machines.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a maintenance method of an aligner installed in a semiconductor manufacturing factory. The maintenance method comprises the step of providing, by a vendor of the aligner (exposure apparatus) or a user, a maintenance database connected to an external network outside the semiconductor manufacturing factory, the step of permitting the semiconductor manufacturing factory an access to the maintenance database through the external network, and the step of transmitting maintenance information stored in the maintenance database to the semiconductor manufacturing factory through the external network.
Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to an aligner (exposure apparatus) comprising a display monitor, a network interface, and a computer executing network software, which enables data communication regarding maintenance information of the aligner (exposure apparatus) through a computer network. It is preferable that the network software provides a user interface on the display monitor for accessing a maintenance database, which is provided by a vendor of the aligner (exposure apparatus) or a user and connected to an external network outside the factory where the aligner (exposure apparatus) is installed, thereby enabling data acquisition from the database through the external network.
According to the present invention, in a case of measuring a shape of a surface, such as a mark on a wafer, or the like, highly accurate stereoscopic shape measurement is possible without contaminating a surface of a target. This is realized by measuring the surface shape in advance with a non-contactable first measuring unit, then measuring the surface shape in the horizontal direction with a contactable second measuring unit having a high resolution, and performing control based on the measurement result of the first measuring unit.
Other objects and advantages besides those discussed above shall be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which follows. In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, and which illustrate an example of the invention. Such an example, however, is not exhaustive of the various embodiments of the invention, and therefore reference is made to the claims which follows the description for determining the scope of the invention.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in accordance with the accompanying drawings.
Next, the measurement steps performed by the stereoscopic shape measuring system according to the first embodiment are described.
First, the profiler NCP, which has no possibility of contacting a surface of a measurement target, measures a CMP wafer 1, conveyed by the stereoscopic shape measuring system according to the first embodiment and placed on a wafer chuck 2 on an X-Y stage 3 having an XY-direction interferometer, which includes a Z tilt and a θ stage.
Next, a profiler CP, which has a possibility of contacting a surface of a measurement target, measures the CMP wafer 1. More specifically, the surface of the wafer 1 is scanned in a predetermined direction with a probe 9 by moving the X-Y stage 3, and an optical sensor 10 detects the height of the probe 9 when atomic force acts on the probe 9. Herein, the scanning speed of the probe 9 is increased in an area where the surface is flat, whereas the scanning speed is decreased when the probe 9 comes to a portion of steps. By virtue of this, the measurement time is reduced and a resolution of an important portion is increased. Since the probe 9 searches a height in which atomic force acts by being oscillated in the vertical direction at high speed, a resolution in the horizontal direction can be increased by decreasing the scanning speed.
In this stage, information about the surface shape of the CMP wafer 1 has already been ascertained by the non-contactable profiler NCP (although the resolution in the horizontal direction decreases). Based on this information, a probe initial value (distance between the CMP wafer 1 and probe 9) of an AFM, serving as the contactable profiler CP, is set.
Accordingly, even in a case where the distance between the CMP wafer 1 and probe 9 becomes short due to a sudden change in the surface shape of the measurement target 1, it can be controlled such that the probe 9 is set to keep a sufficient distance with the wafer 1 to generate atomic force. As a result, it is possible to prevent the probe 9 from contacting the CMP wafer 1 with unnecessarily strong force. Therefore, contamination of the wafer 1 can be prevented. Furthermore, since such strong contact is prevented, the shape of the probe 9 is less likely to deteriorate over time. Therefore, stereoscopic shape measurement will not vary with time. Accordingly, measurement is realized with higher accuracy, and the life of the probe 9 is prolonged.
As described above, both the non-contactable profiler NCP and contactable profiler CP are employed as the stereoscopic shape measuring system, to first perform measurement with the non-contactable profiler NCP, then perform measurement with the contactable profiler CP based on obtained information. By virtue of this process, the possibility of contaminating the CMP wafer 1 is eliminated; high resolution is achieved in measurement in the horizontal direction; and controlling of the planarization process such as CMP can be performed with high accuracy.
As shown in
Furthermore, although the first embodiment has described an optical profiler employing a Mirou interferometer as the non-contactable profiler, NCP, the non-contactable profiler is not limited to this. For instance, a confocal detection system may be used, or a non-contact mode of the AFM may be used to achieve the objects of the present invention (in brief, a detection system that surely does not contact the measurement target may perform pre-measurement).
Furthermore, the contactable profiler is not limited to an AFM, as long as the profiler is controllable so as not to cause contamination of a wafer. For instance, a stylus profiler may be controlled such that the stylus force of contacting the wafer surface is always 50 nN or less. With the use of the stylus profiler, the shape of the wafer surface can be measured in a manner similar to the above-described AFM.
Next, a description is provided of a case wherein the stereoscopic shape measuring system of the present invention, described in the above embodiments, is applied to an offset analyzer employed in semiconductor device manufacturing.
Note in the following description, an aligner (an exposure apparatus) will be called a stepper; an alignment detection system of an aligning device incorporated in the aligner will be called an alignment scope; and a device that pre-measures a wafer outside the aligning device will be called an offset analyzer.
In the offset analyzer, the shape of the wafer surface is measured before and after resist coating. Based on a three-dimensional relative positional relation of the measured resist and wafer marks, an alignment offset is calculated in time for a signal of the alignment detection system of the aligning device. Although an optical offset analyzer may be used for detection, the detection may be realized by a method achieving a high resolution, such as a scan-type tunnel microscope disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2,735,632, or an atomic force microscope (AFM) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,527. An AFM incorporated in an aligner has conventionally been known. The embodiment of the present invention employs an AFM having a high resolution.
Hereinafter, a description is provided of the flow of a wafer and information in semiconductor device manufacturing, when the offset analyzer of the present embodiment performs measuring. According to this embodiment, patterns having a plurality of shapes, which require the highest overlay accuracy, an alignment mark, and a mark provided for an overlay measurement tool (hereinafter referred to as an OMT mark) are measured, and a mutual offset is obtained by comparing each of the measured results, thereby reducing a wafer induced shift (WIS) that is a wafer process error in semiconductor manufacturing.
First, as indicated by step S1, the wafer 1 is transferred to an offset analyzer OA before resist coating. A relative positional relation between the aforementioned plural patterns and the alignment mark or OMT mark on the wafer 1 are measured by an AFM, or the like. Although an actual device is directly measured in this embodiment, a resist pattern generated with a dedicated reticle may be inserted within a scanning range of the AFM to be subjected to measurement. In this embodiment, since the X-Y stage of the offset analyzer OA moves in a wide range, it is preferable to detect in advance the marked position with high accuracy by a microscope, or the like, and scan only the neighborhood of the marked position with high accuracy. In this manner, before resist coating the wafer, a positional relation among, for instance, a gate pattern, the OMT mark, and the alignment mark is measured with the X-Y stage as a reference.
Next, in step S2, the wafer 1 is transferred to coater CT for resist coating. In step S3, the wafer 1 is transferred again to the offset analyzer OA for measuring the resist shape of the alignment mark by the AFM.
In step S4, the wafer 1 is transferred to a stepper ST, where an alignment mark signal is detected by an alignment scope.
In step S5, based on a three-dimensional relative positional relation between the wafer mark and resist shape, which is obtained in advance by the offset analyzer OA and measured before and after the resist coating, as well as the alignment mark signal obtained by the alignment scope, a relation between the alignment mark signal and wafer mark position is obtained to calculate an offset of alignment measurement. The calculated offset is transferred to the stepper ST. The stepper ST performs alignment and exposure based on the offset. Upon completing exposure of all shots, in step S6, the wafer 1 is conveyed to a developer DV for development. After development is performed, in step S7, the offset obtained in step S1 is used to separate a distortion component from an alignment component, and total overlay inspection is performed. As mentioned above, since there is an offset between the OMT mark and a distortion of the patterns requiring the highest overly accuracy, the offset is a necessary parameter. Thereafter, a circuit is formed by a number of processes using known techniques, and finally, a semiconductor device is obtained.
The offset analyzer according to this embodiment can prevent deterioration of accuracy due to an asymmetrical shape of an alignment mark, caused by the wafer induced shift WIS. Therefore, semiconductor device formation is not influenced by a process such as CMP, or the like. Furthermore, since distortion measurement appropriate for actual circumstances is possible, highly accurate alignment that produces a high throughput can be realized. Moreover, since complicated optimization in the wafer process is not necessary, the cost of ownership (COO) can be improved.
Next, a description is provided of an example of a production system of a semiconductor device (e.g., a semiconductor chip such as an IC or LSI, a liquid crystal panel, a CCD, a thin-film magnetic head, a micro machine, and so on), which employs the apparatus according to the present invention. According to this embodiment, trouble shooting or periodic maintenance of a manufacturing machine installed in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, or maintenance service, such as supplying software, is performed by using a computer network outside the factory.
Meanwhile, reference numerals 1102 to 1104 denote factories of a semiconductor manufacturer, namely, a user of the manufacturing machines. The manufacturing factories 1102 to 1104 may belong to different manufacturers, or a single manufacturer (e.g., a factory for pre-processes and a factory for post-processes). Each of the factories 1102 to 1104 includes a plurality of manufacturing machines 1106, a local area network (LAN) 1111, which constructs an intranet by connecting the machines 1106, and a host management system 1107 serving as a monitoring apparatus to monitor an operation condition of each manufacturing machine 1106. The host management system 1107 provided in each of the factories 1102 to 1104 includes a gateway to connect the LAN 1111 of each factory with an external network, i.e., Internet 1105. By virtue of the above construction, access to the host management system 1108 of the vendor 1101 is possible from the LAN 1111 of each factory via the Internet 1105. Access to the host management system 1108 is allowed only to limited users permitted by the security function. More specifically, status information indicative of an operation condition of each of the manufacturing machines 1106 (e.g., a symptom of a troubled apparatus) is notified from the factory to the vendor through the Internet 1105, and a response to the notification (e.g., instruction to cope with the trouble, or software and data for trouble shooting) or maintenance information is transmitted from the vendor to the factory. A communication protocol (TCP/IP) generally used in the Internet is adopted for the data communication between each of the factories 1102 to 1104 and vendor 1101, and for data communication within each factory through the LAN 1111. In place of the Internet serving as an external network of the factory, a high-security leased-line network (ISDN, or the like) that does not allow access of a third party may be used. Furthermore, the host management system is not limited to the one provided by a vendor. A database constructed by a user may be provided to an external network to allow access from the user's plural factories.
Meanwhile, offices of the respective vendors, e.g., aligner's manufacturer 1210, resist processor manufacturer 1220, and deposition device manufacturer 1230, comprise host management systems 1211, 1221, and 1231, respectively, to perform remote maintenance of the respective machines provided. Each host management system has a maintenance database and gateway to the external network as mentioned above. The host management system 1205, which manages each machine of the user's factory, is connected with the management systems 1211, 1221, and 1231 of the respective vendors through an external network 1200, i.e., the Internet, or a leased-line network. If trouble occurs in one of the series of manufacturing machines in the production line, operation of the production line is halted. However, the trouble may quickly be handled by receiving remote maintenance from the vendor of the troubled machine through the Internet 1200. Accordingly, the stoppage of the production line can be minimized.
Each manufacturing machine installed in a semiconductor manufacturing factory comprises a display monitor, a network interface, software stored in a storage device for accessing a network, and a computer for executing software to operate the machine. For the storage device, a built-in memory, hard disk, or network file server may be used. The software for accessing a network includes a multipurpose or exclusive web browser. Such software provides a user interface, such as that shown in
Next, a description is provided of a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device, utilizing the above-described production system.
The present invention can also be achieved by providing a software program which realizes functions of the above-described embodiments (stereoscopic shape measuring method or aligning method according to the present invention) directly or remotely to a computer system or an apparatus, and reading the program codes by a CPU or MPU of the computer system or apparatus, and then executing the program. Note that the form of the software is not limited to a program as long as it has the function of a program.
Therefore, program codes installed in the computer to realize the functions of the present invention also constitute the present invention. In other words, the present invention claims a computer program which realizes the functions of the present invention.
In this case, any form of a program, such as an object code, a program executed by an interpreter, or script data supplied to an OS, can be employed as long as it has the function of a program.
The storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, an MO, a CD-ROM, a CD-R, a CD-RW, a magnetic tape, a non-volatile type memory card, a ROM, a DVD (DVD-ROM, DVD-R), and so on, can be used for providing the program.
In addition, a program can be provided by accessing a homepage on the Internet with the use of a browser of a client computer, and downloading from the homepage the computer program of the present invention or a compressed file including an automatic installation function to a storage medium, such as a hard disk, or the like. Furthermore, program codes constructing the program of the present invention may be divided into a plurality of files, and each of the files may be downloaded from different homepages. In other words, the present invention claims a world wide web (WWW) server, which allows plural users to download the program file, which realizes functions of the present invention.
Furthermore, the program according to the present invention may be enciphered and stored in a storage medium, such as a CD-ROM, or the like, to be distributed to users. A user who satisfies a predetermined condition is allowed to download a deciphering key from a homepage through the Internet. With the use of the deciphering key, the enciphered program may be executed by installing it in a computer.
Furthermore, besides the aforesaid functions according to the above embodiments being realized by executing the program codes, which are read by a computer, the present invention also includes a case wherein an OS (operating system), or the like, working on the computer performs a part of or the entire processes in accordance with designations of the program codes and realizes functions of the above embodiments.
Furthermore, the present invention also includes a case where, after the program codes read from the storage medium are written in a function expansion card, which is inserted into the computer or in a memory provided in a function expansion unit, which is connected to the computer, a CPU, or the like, contained in the function expansion card or unit performs a part of or the entire process in accordance with designations of the program codes and realizes functions of the above embodiments.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and various changes and modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, to apprise the public of the scope of the present invention, the following claims are made.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-162587 | May 2001 | JP | national |
This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 10/156,921, filed on May 30, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,950,179.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050206877 A1 | Sep 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10156921 | May 2002 | US |
| Child | 11130073 | US |
