The present invention is generally directed an electronic module and, more specifically, to a thermally enhanced electronic module that includes a self-aligning heat sink.
Various power devices, such as field effect transistors (FETs) and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), require relatively efficient heat sinking to eliminate performance problems attributable to thermal limitations. Historically, these devices have been packaged in, for example, TO-220, DPAK or D2PAK type semiconductor packages, with the devices being mounted to a copper slug and then overmolded. Such semiconductor packages have then been mounted to a highly thermally conductive substrate or heat rail, which provides for one-sided heat sinking.
An alternative method has mounted a flip chip die directly to a substrate with a back of the die being coated with a thermal interface material to engage a fixed pedestal heat sink that is fabricated as part of a case. Dual-sided heat sinking in this manner generally reduced thermal resistance by an order of magnitude. In such a configuration, it is highly desirable to minimize the gap between the pedestal and the die as the thermal interface material positioned in the gap between the pedestal and the die has generally had significantly higher thermal resistance than the other components.
In one such electronic module, a relatively thin (0.031 inch) flexible laminate substrate was used to improve alignment of a die with a fixed pedestal heat sink. Due to the fact that the substrate had limited compliance, the force applied to solder joints of the die was frequently asymmetrical. This asymmetrical force has tended to increase the variability of solder joint reliability. Further, the variation in the gap between the die and the fixed pedestal heat sink has resulted in a variable thermal performance between similar assemblies. Additionally, utilizing a fixed pedestal heat sink limits the use of a rigid substrate and, thus, makes solder joints that attach a die to a substrate more vulnerable to cracking prior to underfill.
What is needed is an improved technique for conducting heat away from an integrated circuit (IC) package.
An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a thermally enhanced electronic module that includes a thermally conductive case, a self-aligning thermally conductive heat sink and an integrated circuit (IC) package. The case includes an aperture sized for receiving a portion of the heat sink. The IC package includes a first surface and a second surface, opposite the first surface, and is mounted to a substrate with the first surface of the IC package facing the substrate. The second surface of the IC package is in thermal contact with the heat sink, when the heat sink is positioned in the aperture and secured to the case.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a thermally conductive interface material is located between the IC package and the heat sink. According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a thermally conductive adhesive seal is located between the case and the heat sink.
These and other features, advantages and objects of the present invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following specification, claims and appended drawings.
The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
According to the present invention, a self-aligning pedestal heat sink that may be utilized for various integrated circuit (IC) packages, e.g., a semiconductor package and/or a bare die, is disclosed. Implementing such a self-aligning pedestal heat sink allows for the use of relatively rigid substrates, such as relatively thick (e.g., 0.062 inch) laminates, ceramics (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (AIN), silicon nitride (Si3N4) and low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs). Thus, implementing a self-aligning pedestal heat sink allows for relatively rigid substrates or components with more tilt than a compliant substrate can accommodate. This is especially advantageous when assemblies have warped substrates due to the reflow process and assembly techniques.
According to embodiments of the present invention, a self-aligning pedestal heat sink is positioned through an aperture formed through a surface of a case. The aperture allows for proper positioning of the heat sink with respect to an IC package to provide for a high quality thermal path with a relatively large surface area. Thermal conductivity can be enhanced through the application of a thermal interface material to fill the relatively small air gap between the IC package and the heat sink. It should be appreciated that the configuration of the case adjacent the aperture can be varied to increase thermal conductivity.
As previously mentioned, a self-aligning heat sink pedestal facilitates the use of rigid substrates, which can help to eliminate cracked solder bumps, due to substrate deflection, during the assembly process prior to underfill. Further, utilization of a self-aligning pedestal heat sink improves reliability by uniformly applying a contact load to the solder joints and accommodates packaged and high power devices with thick solder joints, which usually have more tilt and height variation. Such a self-aligning pedestal heat sink may be fabricated independently from the case out of materials that have superior thermal characteristics, which may serve to increase suppression of thermal transients that are typically localized on the IC package.
Further, self-aligning pedestal heat sinks may be fabricated more economically in situations where electrical isolation is required for the heat sink by applying a thin layer of non-conductive material, such as a sheet of silicon nitride (Si3N4) or a deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC) film. Further, in assemblies utilizing self-aligning heat sink pedestals, machining of pedestal surfaces, which was previously required to prevent mechanical damage to a bare die in assemblies employing fixed pedestal heat sinks, is not required. Finally, a self-aligning pedestal heat sink according to the present invention facilitates easier implementation and more economical packaging of assemblies whose IC packages vary in thickness and substrate warpage. That is, variations in IC package thickness and substrate warpage can be accommodated by the use of a thermally conductive material in the gap between the heat sink pedestal and the case.
A self-aligning pedestal heat sink is particularly advantageous when implemented in electronic modules that include devices, such as field effect transistors (FETs), insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), power flip chips and power packages. Such devices may be utilized in DC to AC converters, electronic power steering modules, electric vehicle (EV)/hybrid modules, power modules and injector driver modules. Electronic modules that include a self-aligning pedestal heat sink generally provide a higher level of system performance and eliminate line-pull and warranty returns for cracked solder joints generated during assembly. Assemblies incorporating self-aligning pedestal heat sinks may improve product life as solder joint loads are more distributed.
With reference to
With reference to
Accordingly, a number of thermally enhanced electronic modules that include self-aligning pedestal heat sinks have been described herein. Such electronic modules can utilize relatively rigid substrates and/or allows for components with more tilt than a compliant substrate can accommodate and can be broadly implemented within a variety of environments and applications. Thermally enhanced electronic modules with a self-aligning thermally conductive heat sink are especially advantageous when implemented within an automotive environment. For example, such modules may be implemented as DC to AC converters, electronic power steering modules, EV/hybrid modules, power modules and injector modules.
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