This invention relates generally to semiconductor devices and methods for their manufacture and, more particularly, to semiconductor rework processes during photolithography.
Photolithography is often a critical step in the fabrication of semiconductor devices, and has become more complicated due to the rapidly-shrinking dimensions of the semiconductor devices. In a photolithographic process, the accuracy and reliability of a patterned photo-resist (PR) layer plays an important role in device performance. For example, when a patterned PR layer is found to have defects (e.g., from misalignment, from over-etching, and/or remnants on the surface of patterned PR layer), instead of proceeding to an etching process, a manufacturer would normally have the patterned PR layer reworked to prevent permanent damage to the entire batch of chips in subsequent processes.
Generally, a multi-layer (photo-) resist process can be used to improve photolithographic pattern transfer performance. For example, the multi-layer resist process can be a tri-layer resist process including a tri-layer resist (TLR) stack that has, for example, a PR layer on a SOG (spin-on glass) layer on an under-layer. One conventional method for resist reworking includes removing the incorrectly developed PR layer from the silicon chip by solvents (e.g., chemical wet etching). Since the incorrect PR layer has already been cured and bombarded, solvent rework often leaves residues and results in changes of SOG thickness, resist footing behavior, and/or refractive indices. In addition, solvent rework can be used to remove only the resist layer in a single process. Another conventional method for resist reworking can include an ash rework, which can be used to remove the PR layer and/or the under-layer (UL) but cannot remove the SOG layer of the tri-layer resist stack. Consequently, the solvent and/or ash rework process can only be used to remove a certain portion of the tri-layer resist stack in a single process. Therefore, multiple processing steps on multiple tools may be needed in order to remove, e.g., a full TLR stack.
Thus, there is a need to overcome these and other problems of the prior art and to provide a flexible technique for resist reworking by removing any desired portions of the tri-layer resist stack in a single process.
According to various embodiments, the present teachings include a resist rework method. In this method, a tri-layer resist stack, including a resist layer formed on an intermediate layer formed on an under-layer, can be formed on a substrate. A single plasma etch process can then be performed to remove one or more layers of the resist layer, the intermediate layer, and the under-layer. Each plasma-etched layer of the tri-layer resist stack can thereafter be reformed.
According to various embodiments, the present teachings also include a resist rework method. In this method, a tri-layer resist stack, including a photoresist layer formed on a SOG layer that is formed on an under-layer, can be formed on a substrate. The photoresist layer and the SOG layer can then be plasma-etched in a single process and the under-layer can be exposed. On the exposed under-layer, a second SOG layer can be formed, followed by a formation of a second resist layer on the second SOG layer.
According to various embodiments, the present teachings further include a resist rework method. In this method, a tri-layer resist stack, including a photoresist layer formed on a SOG layer that is formed on an under-layer, can be formed on a substrate. Each layer of the tri-layer resist stack can then be plasma-etched in a single process and exposing the substrate. On the exposed substrate, a second tri-layer resist stack can be formed by forming a second under-layer on the exposed substrate; forming a second SOG layer on the second under-layer; and forming a second resist layer on the second SOG layer.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments (exemplary embodiments) of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part thereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The following description is, therefore, merely exemplary.
While the invention has been illustrated with respect to one or more implementations, alterations and/or modifications can be made to the illustrated examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular function. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” The term “at least one of” is used to mean one or more of the listed items can be selected.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of “less than 10” can include any and all sub-ranges between (and including) the minimum value of zero and the maximum value of 10, that is, any and all sub-ranges having a minimum value of equal to or greater than zero and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10, e.g., 1 to 5.
Exemplary embodiments provide a tri-layer resist (TLR) stack used in a photolithographic process, and methods for resist reworking by a single plasma etch process. The single plasma etch process can be used to remove one or more portions/layers of the TLR stack that needs to be reworked in a single process. The removed portions/layers can then be re-formed and resulting in a reworked TLR stack for subsequent photo-resist (PR) processing. The disclosed plasma-etch resist rework method can be a fast, cheap, and simple process used in either single or dual damascene tri-layer patterning processes for the fabrication of, for example, sub 45-nm node semiconductor structures.
Depending on the portions/layers being etched, the single plasma etch process can be performed using various processing gases and parameters. The various processing gases can include one or more gases chosen from, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, hydrogen, fluorinated gases, and carbon dioxide. The various processing parameters can include, for example, pressure, temperature, gas flow, and the power. In an exemplary embodiment, the single plasma etch process can be conducted at a pressure ranging from about 10 mtorr to about 300 mtorr and at a temperature ranging from about −20° C. to about 90° C. The plasma etching can be, for example, a timed etch, including a timed etch with a built-in percentage for over etch, and/or an endpoint etch, including an endpoint with a built-in percentage for over etch.
At 120, the resist rework process can be performed by plasma-etching away one or more layers, e.g., wholly or in part for each layer, of the TLR stack, depending on the extent that the TLR stack needs to be reworked. That is, the plasma etch process can be used to remove any desired portions of the tri-layer resist stack in a single process.
At 130, the plasma-removed each portion of the tri-layer resist stack can be re-formed over the semiconductor substrate to form a second (also referred to herein as “a new”, “a reformed” or “a reworked”) TLR stack. The removal process at 120 and the reformation process at 130 can be repeated as desired until a corrected PR layer is formed for subsequent exposure and PR development.
In a first exemplary embodiment, the failed resist pattern of the tri-layer resist stack can be removed by the disclosed single plasma etch process. Thereafter, a second (also referred to herein as “a new”, “a reformed” or “a reworked”) PR layer can be formed.
In a second exemplary embodiment, another portion of the tri-layer resist stack, including the failed resist pattern and the underlying intermediate layer (e.g., the SOG layer), can be removed by the single plasma etch process. The single plasma etch process of each layer of the failed resist pattern and the intermediate layer can be controlled by, for example, etch time or etch end-point. Thereafter, for example, a new/reworked SOG layer can be formed on the under-layer (UL) and a new PR layer can be reformed on the reworked SOG layer. In various embodiments, a portion of the underlying UL can also be removed during the single plasma etch process.
In a third exemplary embodiment, a third portion of the tri-layer resist stack, including the failed PR pattern, the underlying exemplary SOG layer and the UL layer underlain the SOG layer, can be removed by the disclosed single plasma etch process. The single plasma etch process of each layer of the third portion can be controlled by etch time or etch end-point. In various embodiments, the UL layer can be removed wholly or in part from the underlying featured semiconductor substrate. For example, the UL layer can be removed completely from the feature structure of the semiconductor substrate and leaving, for example, a trench structure. Alternatively, the UL layer can be removed partially, for example, without removing the portion in the trench feature of the semiconductor substrate. Following the removal of the third portion of the TRL stack, a new UL layer can be re-formed on the semiconductor substrate followed by the formation of a new SOG layer on the re-formed UL layer, and a new PR layer re-formed on the reworked SOG layer, resulting in a reworked TRL stack.
The device 200 can be processed in, for example, a single or dual damascene tri-layer patterning. In an exemplary embodiment as shown in
The semiconductor substrate 210 can include the substrate process layer 210b formed on the substrate base layer 210a. The substrate base layer 210a can be an ordinary semiconductor substrate, for example, a Si substrate. The substrate process layer 210b can include a dielectric material, for example, an ultra-low K material chosen from fluorinated silicon dioxide (SiOF), silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), hydrogenated silicon carbide (SiCOH), silicon carbon nitride (SiCN), and/or silicon oxycarbonitride (SIOCN). For example, the ultra-low K material can be a porous SiCOH with a porosity ranging from about 7% to about 50%. In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate process layer 210b can also provide a feature structure by design. For example, a trench can be formed in the substrate process layer 210b. In various embodiments, additional dielectric capping materials (not shown), for example, silicon oxide or silicon nitride, can be formed (e.g., deposited) on the substrate process layer 210b to protect the ultra-low K material form damage during subsequent rework process of the TLR stack. Alternatively, a thicker ultra-low K material can be deposited to provide a damage bumper layer during the plasma removal. The damage bumper layer can thereafter be removed by a surface polishing process, for example, a chemical mechanical polishing process.
The TLR stack 220 can be formed on the semiconductor substrate 210, specifically, on the process layer 210b. In the TLR stack 220, the patterned PR layer 226 can be formed on the intermediate layer 224, which can be formed on the under-layer 222.
The patterned PR layer 226 can have a failed PR pattern on the intermediate layer 224. The intermediate layer 224 can be a Si-bearing intermediate layer including, for example, a SOG layer. The SOG layer can have a thin layer of SiO2 (often doped) deposited on the sub-surface by a spin-on process. The under-layer (UL) 222 can be an organic film coated on the surface of the substrate process layer 210b to provide, for example, anti-reflective and/or etch-durable properties. In various embodiments, the substrate process layer 210b can have one or more feature structures. The UL 222 can therefore include multiple layers depending on the manufacturing design of the semiconductor device 200. For example, the UL layer 222 can include a first portion (e.g., layer) 222a formed into the feature structure (e.g., a trench shown in
In
Following the single removal of the two-layer structure (i.e., the failed patterned PR layer 226 and the intermediate layer 224), a reworked two-layer structure can be formed on the UL 222b. For example, in
Following the single removal of the 3-layer structure of the failed patterned PR layer 226 on the intermediate layer 224 on the first UL portion/layer 222b, a reworked 3-layer structure can be formed. For example, in
Following the single removal (see
After the exemplary rework processes shown in
In this manner, the disclosed plasma-etch resist rework processes can be used to provide a high-quality substrate by preventing transferring a failed pattern (e.g., a deviated resist pattern) down to the substrate. In addition, by using the single plasma etch process, more rework options can be provided in a single process due to the wide range of the processing gases and parameters. Further, the disclosed resist rework process can be a cost effective, fast and simple process.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.