The present invention relates generally to optoelectronic devices, and more specifically to techniques for connecting the optical and electrical device components.
Many computer and communication networks being built today, including the Internet, are using fiber optic cabling instead of copper wire. With fiber optic cabling, data is transmitted using light signals, not electrical signals. For example, a logical one may be represented by a light pulse of a specific duration and a logical zero may be represented by the absence of a light pulse for the same duration. The bandwidth of optical fiber is significantly greater than copper since light is attenuated less in fiber than electrons traveling through copper.
While fiber optic cabling is very efficient for transferring data, the use of light signals to process data is still very difficult. For instance, currently there is no efficient way to “store” light signals representative of data. Networks therefore use fiber optics for transmitting data between nodes and silicon chips to process the data within computer nodes. This is accomplished by using fiber optic transceivers, which convert light signals from a fiber optic cable into electrical signals, and vice versa.
Optoelectronic module 100 includes a semiconductor chip subassembly (CSA) 102 and an optical subassembly (OSA) 104. CSA 102 is a packaged semiconductor device. As shown in
OSA 104 is formed of a backing block 110, a circuitry substrate 112, and photonic devices 114. Backing block 110 has a front surface 116 that supports circuitry substrate 112 and photonic devices 114, which are attached to circuitry substrate 112. The backing block 120 can be formed of a variety of materials such as a ceramic material, polyethylene ether ketone (PEEK), or liquid crystal polymer (LCP).
Circuitry substrate 112 is attached to front surface 116 of backing block 110, wraps around the bottom-front corner of backing block 110, and covers most of the bottom surface of backing block 110. Embedded traces within circuitry substrate 112 run from photonic devices 114 on the front surface to the bottom surface of backing block 110 where they make contact with the up-linking contacts of CSA 102. Typically, size dimensions involved with circuitry substrate 112 are very small and cause the circuit traces to be positioned very close to each other. The small size is advantageous in the same way that small sizes for most electronic devices is advantageous. However, the close proximity of the traces cause the problem of “cross-talk,” especially at high operational frequencies. Cross-talk is the electrical interference between two or more electrically conducting elements. Such cross-talk can drastically reduce the performance of optoelectronic device 100.
In view of the foregoing, an efficient technique for connecting the photonic devices of an optical device to a semiconductor chip device that exhibits low levels of cross-talk would be desirable.
The present invention is directed to a high performance and small-scale circuitry substrate. The circuitry substrate includes a dielectric layer, a ground layer (also referred to as a return plane) attached to a bottom surface of the dielectric layer, and a plurality of return paths (ground) and signal lines that are attached to a top surface of the dielectric layer. The return paths on the top surface are connected to the return plane on the bottom surface by wrapping around at least one edge of the dielectric material. The configuration of the circuitry substrate is designed so that cross-talk is reduced, low levels of ground-bounce and electrical parasitics are exhibited, and optimal impedance levels are obtained. The circuitry substrate can be advantageously used to form an optoelectronic module.
As an apparatus, one embodiment of the present invention includes at least a conductive return plane having a device attachment area, a dielectric sheet of dielectric material having a top and a bottom surface, the bottom surface being attached to the return plane, wherein the dielectric sheet does not cover the device attachment area, and a plurality of signal lines and return paths formed on the top surface of the dielectric sheet, wherein at least one return path electrically shields an adjacent pair of signal lines from each other. In an alternative embodiment, the dielectric sheet has a top edge that borders the device attachment area and a back edge that is opposite to the top edge, wherein each of the signal lines and return paths have a length that extends from a region proximate to the top edge to a region proximate to the back edge. In yet another embodiment, at least one of the return paths on the top surface of the dielectric sheet wraps around at least one of the top or back edges of the dielectric sheet and makes contact with the return plane on the bottom surface of the dielectric sheet. In an alternative embodiment, at least one return path extends between an adjacent pair of signal lines, whereby the return path electrically shields the adjacent pair of signal lines from each other.
In another embodiment, the apparatus includes at least a conductive return plane having a device attachment area, a dielectric sheet of dielectric material having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface being attached to the return plane, wherein the dielectric sheet does not cover the device attachment area, and a plurality of signal lines and return paths formed on the top surface of the dielectric sheet, at least one return path extending between an adjacent pair of signal lines, whereby the return paths electrically shield the adjacent pair of signal lines from each other.
In another embodiment, the apparatus includes at least a conductive return plane having a device attachment area, a dielectric material layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface being attached to the return plane, wherein the dielectric material layer does not cover the device attachment area, the dielectric material layer also having a top edge that borders the device attachment area and a back edge that is opposite to the top edge, and a plurality of signal lines and return paths formed on the top surface of the dielectric material layer, each of the return paths extending between a respective pair of adjacent signal lines, each of the return paths also wrapping around at least one of the top or back edges of the dielectric material layer and making contact with the return plane, wherein each of the return paths on the top surface of the dielectric material layer makes contact with the return plane on the bottom surface of the dielectric material layer, whereby the return paths electrically shield adjacent pairs of signal lines from each other.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be presented in more detail in the following specification of the invention and the accompanying figures, which illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
The invention, together with further advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to a few preferred embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known operations have not been described in detail so not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The present invention pertains to a high performance and small-scale circuitry substrate. The circuitry substrate includes a dielectric layer, a return plane attached to a bottom surface of the dielectric layer, and a plurality of return paths (ground) and signal lines that are attached to a top surface of the dielectric layer. The return paths on the top surface are connected to the return plane on the bottom surface by wrapping around at least one edge of the dielectric material. The configuration of the circuitry substrate is designed so that cross-talk is reduced, low levels of ground-bounce and parasitics are exhibited, and optimal impedance levels are obtained. The circuitry substrate can be advantageously used to form an optoelectronic module.
The circuitry substrate can be used to connect various types of electrical systems. The advantages of the substrate are more fully evident when connecting electrical systems at a small dimensional scale. For instance, the circuitry substrate can be used to connect an optical device to a semiconductor chip device in an optoelectronic module.
As described in
OSA 200 includes a backing block 214 that supports a circuitry substrate 216. Circuitry substrate 216 is attached to a front surface 218 and a bottom surface 220 of backing block 214. Photonic devices 212 are attached to circuitry substrate 216 on front surface 218 of backing block 214. Signal lines 222 that run along circuitry substrate 216 connect photonic devices 212 to contact pads 206 on bottom surface 220 so that photonic devices 212 can ultimately be connected to the semiconductor die within CSA 202.
To illustrate the structure and features of circuitry substrate 216, discussion of circuitry substrate 216 will be made with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3A-C. While
Circuitry substrate 216 is made up of a return plane 224, which is attached to front surface 218 and bottom surface 220 of backing block 214. Return plane 224 can be attached to backing block 214 by using an adhesive material such as epoxy. Various adhesives and other well known methods for forming a conducting metal layer(s) on a circuitry substrates can also be used. A dielectric layer of material 226 is formed on top of return plane 224. On top of dielectric layer 226 is formed a plurality of signal lines 222 and a plurality of return paths (ground) 230. The various layers of circuitry substrate 216 conform to the surface of backing block 214. Photonic devices 212 are mounted onto return plane 224 in a region called the cathode pad 232. Anode contact points 234 on photonic devices 212 are connected to anode contact pads 236, which are formed at the end of signal lines 222, with interconnecting wires 238.
Return plane 224 is formed of a conductive material and is generally solid and flat. In alternative embodiments, it is possible to form return plane 224 with apertures and to have varying thicknesses. Dielectric layer 226 is made of a non-conductive material such as polyimide. Any other material(s) with suitable insulating properties and good mechanical properties to form a reliable structure can be used for form dielectric layer 226. While one surface of dielectric layer 226 is attached to return plane 224, the opposite surface is attached to signal lines 222 and return paths 230.
Return paths 230 serve as additional ground paths. Return paths 230 are formed in between each of signal lines 222 and therefore serve to shield each of signal lines 222 from adjacent signal lines 222. This tends to minimize cross-talk interference between signal lines 222. Varying the widths and spacings of the coplanar ground paths also allows more control over the “characteristic impedance” of the signal lines. To maximize this shielding effect, return paths 230 are formed to have widths that extend as far as possible so to fill the space between each of signal lines 222. However, return paths do not make contact with any of signal lines 222 so that an electrical short circuit is not formed within circuitry substrate 216. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3A-C, return paths 230 make contact with return plane 224 as they bend around the top edge 240 of dielectric layer 226 on front surface 218 and the back edge 242 of dielectric layer 226 on bottom surface 220. Return paths 230 can be integrally formed with return plane 224, or they can be attached to return plane 224. An alternative technique for connecting return paths 230 to return plane 224 is to have vias running through the dielectric layer rather than having return paths 230 wrap around the edges of dielectric layer 226. Vias however tend to be accompanied with their own levels of inductance and therefore reduce the performance of the electrical system. In alternative embodiments of the invention, return paths 230 only wrap around one edge of dielectric material 226 and therefore only make a single contact with return plane 224. In an alternative embodiment, there need not be return paths between every or all of signal lines 222. One example of such an embodiment is depicted by
Dielectric layer 226 is formed so that the top portion of return plane 224 is left exposed to form cathode pad 232. Cathode pad 232 allows photonic devices 212 to be easily mounted onto circuitry substrate 216. Photonic devices 212 have cathode contacts on the surfaces that are connected to cathode pad 232. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A-C, dielectric layer 226 does not extend to the side edges of return plane 224. However, in alternative embodiments, dielectric layer 226 can be formed to extend as far as return plane 224. Also, dielectric layer 226 can extend further along bottom surface 220 such that ground plane 224 is completely covered. As shown in
Signal lines 222 are shown to fan outwards as they extend away from photonic devices 212 and anode contact pads 236. They extend outwards such that each of contact pads 206 separated from each other by a distance greater than the distance between each of anode contact pads 236. This fanned-out configuration increases the ability to shield each of signal lines 222 from each other since the distance between each of the lines is increased. The greater distance between each signal line allows the width of return paths 230 to also increase. The greater distance between each of contact pads 206 on bottom surface 220 also allows greater room for forming contacts with up-linking contacts 204 on CSA 202. Specifically, more room is provided for solder ball interconnects.
As can be clearly seen in
The number of signal lines 222 on circuitry substrate 216 depends upon the number of anode connections from photonic devices 212 that are required. Anode pads 236 should be formed in close proximity to cathode pad area 232 so to minimize the connection length between anode contacts 234 on photonic devices 212 and anode contact pads 236. Minimizing the length of such connections tends to improve electrical performance because, for example, electrical parasitics are reduced. The number of signal lines 222 also determines the number of contact pads 206 are present on bottom surface 220 of backing block 214. The number of contact pads 206 can match the number of up-linking contacts 204 are present on the top surface of CSA 202. However, the number of contact pads 206 and up-linking contacts 204 need not match. The positional arrangement of contacts 206 can be adjusted to fit the arrangement of up-linking contacts 204 on CSA 202.
The width of return paths 230 can also vary depending upon implementation requirements. In some embodiments, return paths 230 may not extend all the way out to the border of adjacent signal lines 222.
Since dielectric material layer 226 is substantially a flat sheet, return paths 230 and signal lines 222 lie substantially within a single plane. Return paths 230 are positioned in between and are coplanar with signal lines 222 and therefore effective shield adjacent signal lines 222 from each other. As stated before, this configuration is useful for reducing cross-talk.
The layers of conductive material forming return paths 230, signal lines 222, and return plane 224 can be made of materials such as gold and nickel. For example, most of these structures can be made of nickel while gold can be used to plate the areas that make electrical interconnections. For example, cathode pad area 232, anode contact pads 236, and contact pads 206 can be coated with a layer of gold. Other suitable conductive materials having high conductivity characteristics and which are suitable for manufacturing process for producing this OSA can be used.
Photonic devices 212 are such that the active areas 244 are on a surface that is opposite from its cathode contact surface. This type of photonic device is referred to as a vertically configured photonic device 212. The number of active areas 244 within each photonic device 212 and the number of photonic devices placed within cathode pad areas 232 can vary. For instance, a single photonic device 212 with multiple active areas can be attached to cathode pad area 232. In an alternative embodiment, more than two photonic devices 212 with a single active area each can be attached to cathode pad area 232.
Both of photonic devices 212 are either parallel arrays of receivers or transmitters. All of the receivers or transmitters can be connected to the same return plane 224 since the same voltage is applied to each device.
The configuration of circuitry substrate 216 provides the advantages of less crosstalk, reduced parasitics, reduced ground-bounce effect, and it makes it easier to control the impedance levels. In one embodiment, total crosstalk of the order of 7% can be obtained on a 12-channel module (12 emitters or detectors) at 3.125 Gbps data transmission frequency. Various electrical performance characteristics can be achieved by adjusting the spacing of signal lines 222, the width of return paths 230, and the thicknesses of all of the components of circuitry substrate 216.
As seen in
As seen in
For example, photonic device 612 can contain an array of light emitting devices and photonic device 614 can contain an array of optical detectors. The combination of laser emitters and detectors on the OSA makes an optoelectronic device a transceiver. For instance a 4-channel transceiver may be formed of one 1×4 laser emitter array and one 1×4 detector array. However, in alternative embodiments, both of photonic devices 612 and 614 can be laser emitters thereby making the module a transmitter. In another embodiment, both of photonic devices 612 and 614 are light detecting arrays thereby making an optoelectronic device a receiving device.
The circuitry substrate of the present invention can be manufactured to various size and performance specifications and therefore is suitable for use with many different connectors and systems. For instance, the circuitry substrate is compatible with an MPO connector, which is a standard connector that carries a 12-fiber ribbon. The circuitry substrate of the invention can be used in various applications for connecting two electrical systems. Again, the circuitry substrate can advantageously be used with systems that are very small because of its electrical performance.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a circuitry substrate can include multiple sets of return planes, dielectric layers, signal lines, and return paths, which are stacked upon each other in a repeating pattern. In other words, this circuitry substrate includes two or more circuitry substrates 216 as shown in
While this invention has been described in terms of several preferred embodiments, there are alteration, permutations, and equivalents, which fall within the scope of this invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the methods and apparatuses of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/290,481 filed Nov. 6, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,765,275, entitled “Two-Layer Electrical Substrate for Optical Devices,” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/568,558 entitled “ARRAYABLE, SCALABLE AND STACKABLE MOLDED PACKAGE CONFIGURATION,” filed on May 9, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,707,140, and of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/165,553 entitled “Optical Sub-Assembly for Optotelectronic Modules,” filed on Jun. 6, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,916,121, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/331,339, filed on Aug. 3, 2001, the content of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,364,542, entitled “DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A TRUE SEMICONDUCTOR DIE TO EXTERNAL FIBER OPTIC CABLE CONNECTION,” filed on May 9, 2000, to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/713,367, entitled “MINIATURE OPTO-ELECTRIC TRANSCEIVER,” filed on Nov. 14, 2000, to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/922,358 entitled “MINIATURE SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE FOR OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES,” filed on Aug. 3, 2001, and to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/947,210 entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR JOINING AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC MODULE TO A SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE,” filed on Aug. 3, 2001, the content of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/165/711 entitled “CERAMIC OPTICAL SUB-ASSEMBLY FOR OPTO-ELECTRONIC MODULES,” on Jun. 6, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/165,553, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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Child | 10864099 | US |
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Child | 10290481 | US | |
Parent | 09568558 | May 2000 | US |
Child | 10165553 | US |