Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force

GPHYSICS G01Measuring instruments G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE

G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force

G01L5/0004Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure G01L5/0009Force sensors associated with a bearing G01L5/0014by using capacitive sensors G01L5/0019by using strain gages, piezo-electric, piezo-resistive or other ohmic-resistance based sensors G01L5/0023by using magnetic sensors G01L5/0028Force sensors associated with force applying means G01L5/0033applying a pulling force G01L5/0038applying a pushing force G01L5/0042applying a torque G01L5/0047measuring forces due to residual stresses G01L5/0052measuring forces due to impact G01L5/0057measuring forces due to spring-shaped elements G01L5/0061Force sensors associated with industrial machines or actuators G01L5/0066Calibration arrangements G01L5/0071Specific indicating arrangements G01L5/0076Force sensors associated with manufacturing machines G01L5/008Force sensors integrated in an article or a dummy workpiece G01L5/0085Force sensors adapted for insertion between cooperating machine elements G01L5/009Force sensors associated with material gripping devices G01L5/0095measuring work or mechanical power G01L5/03for measuring release force of ski safety bindings G01L5/04for measuring tension in ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts, bands or like flexible members G01L5/042by measuring vibrational characteristics of the flexible member G01L5/045for measuring the tension across the width of a band-shaped flexible member G01L5/047Specific indicating or recording arrangements G01L5/06using mechanical means G01L5/08using fluid means G01L5/10using electrical means G01L5/101in which the sensor is inserted into the member G01L5/102in which the sensor is located at a non-interrupted part of the member G01L5/103in which the sensor is fixed at one end of the member G01L5/105using electro-optical means G01L5/106by measuring a reaction force applied on a cantilever beam G01L5/107by measuring a reaction force applied on an element disposed between two supports G01L5/108by measuring a reaction force applied on a single support or glider G01L5/12for measuring axial thrust in a rotary shaft G01L5/13for measuring the tractive or propulsive power of vehicles G01L5/133for measuring thrust of propulsive devices G01L5/136Force sensors associated with a vehicle traction coupling G01L5/14for measuring the force of explosions for measuring the energy of projectiles G01L5/16for measuring several components of force G01L5/161using variations in ohmic resistance G01L5/162of piezoresistors G01L5/163of potentiometers G01L5/164using variations in inductance G01L5/165using variations in capacitance G01L5/166using photoelectric means G01L5/167using piezo-electric means G01L5/168using counterbalancing forces G01L5/18for measuring ratios of force G01L5/20for measuring wheel side-thrust G01L5/22for measuring the force applied to control members G01L5/221to steering wheels G01L5/223to joystick controls G01L5/225to foot actuated controls G01L5/226to manipulators G01L5/228using tactile array force sensors G01L5/24for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed G01L5/243using washers G01L5/246using acoustic waves G01L5/26for determining the characteristic of torque in relation to revolutions per unit of time G01L5/28for testing brakes G01L5/282the vehicle wheels cooperating with rotatable rolls G01L5/284Measuring braking-time or braking distance G01L5/286Measuring deceleration G01L5/288Measuring the force necessary to rotate a braked wheel