The present invention relates in general to semiconductor devices and, more particularly, to an antenna-in-package device and method of making the same.
Semiconductor devices are commonly found in modern electronic products. Semiconductor devices perform a wide range of functions such as signal processing, high-speed calculations, transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, controlling electronic devices, transforming sunlight to electricity, and creating visual images for television displays. Semiconductor devices are found in the fields of communications, power conversion, networks, computers, entertainment, and consumer products. Semiconductor devices are also found in military applications, aviation, automotive, industrial controllers, and office equipment.
One goal of semiconductor manufacturing is to produce smaller semiconductor devices. Smaller devices typically consume less power, have higher performance, and can be produced more efficiently. In addition, smaller semiconductor devices have a smaller footprint, which is desirable for smaller end products. A smaller semiconductor die size can be achieved by improvements in the front-end process resulting in semiconductor die with smaller, higher density active and passive components.
Back-end processes may result in semiconductor device packages with a smaller footprint by improvements in electrical interconnection and packaging materials.
In recent years, antenna-in-package (AiP) devices, having semiconductor systems and antennae integrated into one package, have been adopted for mobile handsets and other portable multimedia devices. However, AiP packages currently manufactured are not sufficient to meet the reduced interface pitches, higher interface pin counts, reduced thickness, tight warpage control, and higher level of integration required by cutting-edge cellular technologies and a general desire for reduced device sizes. Therefore, a need exists for improved AiP devices and methods of making the same.
The present invention is described in one or more embodiments in the following description with reference to the figures, in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements. While the invention is described in terms of the best mode for achieving the invention's objectives, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents as supported by the following disclosure and drawings. The term “semiconductor die” as used herein refers to both the singular and plural form of the words, and accordingly, can refer to both a single semiconductor device and multiple semiconductor devices.
Semiconductor devices are generally manufactured using two complex manufacturing processes: front-end manufacturing and back-end manufacturing. Front-end manufacturing involves the formation of a plurality of die on the surface of a semiconductor wafer. Each die on the wafer contains active and passive electrical components, which are electrically connected to form functional electrical circuits. Active electrical components, such as transistors and diodes, have the ability to control the flow of electrical current. Passive electrical components, such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors, create a relationship between voltage and current necessary to perform electrical circuit functions.
Back-end manufacturing refers to cutting or singulating the finished wafer into the individual semiconductor die and packaging the semiconductor die for structural support, electrical interconnect, and environmental protection. To singulate the semiconductor die, the wafer is scored and broken along non-functional regions of the wafer called saw streets or scribes. The wafer is singulated using a laser cutting tool or saw blade. After singulation, the individual semiconductor die are mounted to a package substrate that includes pins or contact pads for interconnection with other system components. Contact pads formed over the semiconductor die are then connected to contacts within the package. The electrical connections can be made with conductive layers, bumps, stud bumps, conductive paste, bond wires, or other suitable interconnect structure. An encapsulant or other molding material is deposited over the package to provide physical support and electrical isolation. The finished package is then inserted into an electrical system and the functionality of the semiconductor device is made available to the other system components.
An electrically conductive layer 112 is formed over active surface 110 using PVD, CVD, electrolytic plating, electroless plating, or other suitable metal deposition process. Conductive layer 112 can be one or more layers of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), silver (Ag), or other suitable electrically conductive material. Conductive layer 112 operates as contact pads electrically connected to the circuits on active surface 110.
An electrically conductive bump material is deposited over conductive layer 112 using an evaporation, electrolytic plating, electroless plating, ball drop, or screen printing process. The bump material can be Al, Sn, Ni, Au, Ag, lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), Cu, solder, combinations thereof, or other suitable conductive materials with an optional flux solution. For example, the bump material can be eutectic Sn/Pb, high-lead solder, or lead-free solder. The bump material is bonded to conductive layer 112 using a suitable attachment or bonding process. For example, the bump material can be reflowed by heating the material above its melting point to form balls or bumps 114. In one embodiment, bump 114 is formed over an under-bump metallization (UBM) having a wetting layer, barrier layer, and adhesion layer. Bump 114 can also be compression bonded or thermocompression bonded to conductive layer 112. Bump 114 represents one type of interconnect structure that can be formed over conductive layer 112. The interconnect structure can also use bond wires, conductive paste, stud bump, micro bump, or other electrical interconnect.
In
Substrate 152 includes one or more insulating layers 154 interleaved with one or more conductive layers 156. Insulating layer 154 is a core insulating board in one embodiment, with conductive layers 156 patterned over the top and bottom surfaces, e.g., a copper-clad laminate substrate. Conductive layers 156 also include conductive vias electrically coupled through insulating layers 154. Substrate 152 can include any number of conductive and insulating layers interleaved over each other. A solder mask or passivation layer can be formed over either side of substrate 152. Any suitable type of substrate or leadframe is used for substrate 152 in other embodiments.
Any components desired to implement the intended functionality of SiP modules 150 are mounted to or disposed over substrate 152 and electrically connected to conductive layers 156. Substrate 152 has two major surfaces: top surface 157 and bottom surface 159. Electrical components can be mounted onto top surface 157 and bottom surface 159 in any suitable configuration.
Manufacturing of SiP module 150 on substrate 152 commences with surface mounting of semiconductor die 104 and discrete component 186 on top surface 157. Semiconductor die 104 can be picked and placed onto substrate 152 with bumps 114 on contact pads of conductive layer 156. Discrete components 186, e.g., resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, or diodes, are mounted using solder paste or another suitable attachment and connection mechanism. The solder paste is reflowed between terminals of discrete components 186 and contact pads of conductive layers 156 on top surface 157 at the same time as bumps 114 are reflowed to attach semiconductor die 104. In some embodiments, an adhesive or underfill layer is used between semiconductor die 104 and substrate 152.
In
In
In
In
Bumps 224 are formed on bottom surface 221. Bumps 224 are formed from an epoxy molding compound (EMC) or other polymer material. A material with a high dielectric constant is selected in some embodiments to reduce the impact on the underlying antenna. Bumps 224 are formed using a molding or printing process on panel 220. In other embodiments, bumps 224 are formed separately and then mounted to panel 220.
In
Antenna PCBs 230 in
SiP module 150 and a board-to-board connector 254 are mounted onto top surface 223. Conductive layer 256 is illustrated formed on or under top surface 223 and includes contact pads for mounting of SiP module 150, B2B connector 254, and any other desired components. Solder bumps 200 are reflowed onto conductive layer 256 to mechanically and electrically couple SiP module 150 to antenna PCB 230. B2B connector 254 is used to attach a ribbon cable or another type of electrical conduit to AiP device 250 to allow other packages to communicate with, and utilize the functionality of, semiconductor die 104 and 192. SiP module 150 is connected to B2B connector 254 through conductive layer 256. SiP module 150 is one exemplary semiconductor package that can be mounted on antenna PCB 230. Any desired semiconductor package can be mounted onto antenna PCB 230 along with B2B connector 254.
Antenna 260 is illustrated as being formed by a conductive layer on or in bottom surface 221. Antenna 260 can be any suitable type of antenna, such as a microstrip antenna, planar inverted-F antenna, slotted waveguide antenna, near-field communication (NFC) antenna, fractal antenna, etc. In some embodiments, multiple and potentially different types of antennas are formed on a single antenna PCB 230. A conductive via 262 is formed through antenna PCB 230 to interconnect SiP module 150 to antenna 260. Semiconductor die 104, semiconductor die 192, or both are electrically connected to antenna 260 through conductive via 262, bumps 200, and substrate 152.
In one embodiment, antenna PCB 230 includes no other electrical components except for antenna 260 and a conductive path between SiP module 150 and the antenna. All system functions are performed by components within SiP module 150 and antenna PCB is only used to house an antenna to broadcast and receive electromagnetic radiation. SiP module 150 is disposed on antenna PCB 230 directly over antenna 260.
Antenna 260 is formed as part of an antenna PCB 230, separate from SiP module 150 that contains semiconductor die 104 and other system components. The separately formed and then stacked package components of AiP 250 make possible a higher interface pin count, reduced thickness of each separate structure, tight warpage control, and a higher level of integration. Manufacturing yield is improved due to the decrease in the number of laminated layers on a single system-plus-antenna substrate in the prior art. Reduced substrate thickness improves warpage characteristics. Even though antenna 260 is formed on a separate substrate, AiP 250 maintains the same or better performance, e.g., turn-around time characteristics, as structures used in the prior art.
In
B2B connector 392 is disposed on the exposed portion of substrate 352 in
Electronic device 400 can have one type of semiconductor package, or multiple types of semiconductor packages, depending on the application. Electronic device 400 can be a stand-alone system that uses the semiconductor packages to perform one or more electrical functions. Alternatively, electronic device 400 can be a subcomponent of a larger system. For example, electronic device 400 can be part of a tablet computer, cellular phone, digital camera, communication system, or other electronic device. Electronic device 400 can also be a graphics card, network interface card, or another signal processing card that is inserted into a computer. The semiconductor packages can include microprocessors, memories, ASICs, logic circuits, analog circuits, RF circuits, discrete active or passive devices, or other semiconductor die or electrical components.
In
In some embodiments, a semiconductor device has two packaging levels. First level packaging is a technique for mechanically and electrically attaching the semiconductor die to an intermediate substrate. Second level packaging involves mechanically and electrically attaching the intermediate substrate to PCB 402. In other embodiments, a semiconductor device may only have the first level packaging where the die is mechanically and electrically mounted directly to PCB 402.
For the purpose of illustration, several types of first level packaging, including bond wire package 446 and flipchip 448, are shown on PCB 402. Additionally, several types of second level packaging, including ball grid array (BGA) 450, bump chip carrier (BCC) 452, land grid array (LGA) 456, multi-chip module (MCM) 458, quad flat non-leaded package (QFN) 460, quad flat package 462, and embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) 464 are shown mounted on PCB 402 along with AiP device 396. Conductive traces 404 electrically couple the various packages and components disposed on PCB 402 to each other.
Depending upon the system requirements, any combination of semiconductor packages, configured with any combination of first and second level packaging styles, as well as other electronic components, can be connected to PCB 402. In some embodiments, electronic device 400 includes a single attached semiconductor package, while other embodiments call for multiple interconnected packages. By combining one or more semiconductor packages over a single substrate, manufacturers can incorporate pre-made components into electronic devices and systems. Because the semiconductor packages include sophisticated functionality, electronic devices can be manufactured using less expensive components and a streamlined manufacturing process. The resulting devices are less likely to fail and less expensive to manufacture resulting in a lower cost for consumers.
While one or more embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, the skilled artisan will appreciate that modifications and adaptations to those embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
6083768 | Jiang | Jul 2000 | A |
6414248 | Sundstrom | Jul 2002 | B1 |
9859232 | Chiang | Jan 2018 | B1 |
10163773 | Kapusta | Dec 2018 | B1 |
10566298 | Dalmia et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
10672727 | Kim | Jun 2020 | B2 |
10685924 | Lasiter | Jun 2020 | B2 |
11510311 | Yamamoto | Nov 2022 | B2 |
11756894 | Han | Sep 2023 | B2 |
20120228749 | Pagaila | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120292745 | Park | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120320542 | Jeong | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130343022 | Hu | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20140293529 | Nair | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20150380813 | Aoki | Dec 2015 | A1 |
20180034132 | Takahashi | Feb 2018 | A1 |
20190051989 | Kim et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
20190181126 | Cheah | Jun 2019 | A1 |
20190280368 | Khan | Sep 2019 | A1 |
20190348747 | Liu | Nov 2019 | A1 |
20200161252 | Yang | May 2020 | A1 |
20200211977 | Kim | Jul 2020 | A1 |
20200253040 | Dalmia | Aug 2020 | A1 |
20210036413 | Kim | Feb 2021 | A1 |
20210091017 | Yeon et al. | Mar 2021 | A1 |
20210175152 | Zhang | Jun 2021 | A1 |
20210184335 | Wang | Jun 2021 | A1 |
20210280959 | Han | Sep 2021 | A1 |
20210296773 | Baniya | Sep 2021 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20230140748 A1 | May 2023 | US |