Chamber with flow-through source

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 10541113
  • Patent Number
    10,541,113
  • Date Filed
    Monday, March 4, 2019
    5 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, January 21, 2020
    4 years ago
  • CPC
  • Field of Search
    • US
    • 118 7230R0
    • 118 7230I0
    • 118 715000
    • 118 719000
    • 118 722000
    • 118 728000
    • 118 697000
    • 118 7230E0
    • 118 7230ER
    • 118 724000
    • 118 725000
    • 315 111210
    • 315 111310
    • 315 111810
    • 315 117000
    • 438 694000
    • 438 729000
    • 438 771000
    • 438 200000
    • 438 618000
    • 438 680000
    • 438 689000
    • 438 758000
    • 438 776000
    • 438 096000
    • CPC
    • H01L21/67109
    • H01L21/67069
    • H01L21/6831
    • H01L2924/0002
    • H01L21/28562
    • H01L21/67248
    • H01L2924/00
    • H01L21/2855
    • H01L21/28568
    • H01L21/30604
    • H01L21/3065
    • H01L21/30655
    • H01L21/67126
    • H01L21/67167
    • H01L21/67178
    • H01L21/6719
    • H01L21/67201
    • H01L21/67742
    • H01L21/67751
    • H01L21/6833
    • H01L21/68714
    • H01L21/68742
    • H01L21/6875
    • H01L21/76814
    • H01L21/76843
    • H01L21/76844
    • H01L21/76846
    • H01L21/76873
    • H01L21/76876
    • H01L21/76877
    • H01L21/76879
    • H01L21/76883
    • H01L2221/1089
    • H01L31/1824
    • H01L31/202
    • A23L19/115
    • A23L27/30
    • A23L27/32
    • A23L29/231
    • A23L29/238
    • A23L29/256
    • A23L29/27
    • A23L2/60
    • A23L33/21
    • A23L9/12
    • H01J37/321
    • H01J37/32357
    • H01J37/32522
    • H01J37/3211
    • H01J37/3244
    • H01J37/32091
    • H01J37/32458
    • H01J37/32165
    • H01J37/32082
    • H01J37/32449
    • H01J2237/2001
    • H01J37/32174
    • H01J37/32467
    • H01J2237/3341
    • H01J2237/3345
    • H01J2237/3346
    • H01J37/32119
    • H01J37/32155
    • H01J37/32183
    • H01J37/32532
    • H01J37/32541
    • H01J37/32577
    • H01J37/32623
    • H01J37/32633
    • H01J37/32642
    • H01J37/32715
    • H01J37/32724
    • H01J37/32752
    • H01J37/32862
    • H01J37/32871
    • H01J37/34
    • C23C16/452
    • C23C16/45565
    • C23C16/509
    • C23C16/4405
    • C23C16/45514
    • C23C16/45574
    • C23C16/507
    • C23C16/5096
    • C23C16/18
    • C23C16/401
    • C23C16/4557
    • C23C16/45572
    • C23C14/046
    • C23C14/35
    • C23C14/358
    • C23C14/54
    • C23C14/566
    • C23C16/0245
    • C23C16/24
    • C23C16/4404
    • C23C16/455
    • C23C16/45536
    • C23C16/45542
    • C23C16/45544
    • C23C16/45553
    • C23C16/45561
    • C23C16/45563
    • C23C16/45576
    • C23C16/45578
    • C23C16/4584
    • C23C16/4586
    • C23C16/46
    • C23C16/505
  • International Classifications
    • H01J37/30
    • H01L21/30
    • H01J37/305
    • H01J37/317
    • H01J37/32
    • H01L21/3065
    • Disclaimer
      This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.
Abstract
Described processing chambers may include a chamber housing at least partially defining an interior region of a semiconductor processing chamber. The chamber may include a showerhead positioned within the chamber housing, and the showerhead may at least partially divide the interior region into a remote region and a processing region in which a substrate can be contained. The chamber may also include an inductively coupled plasma source positioned between the showerhead and the processing region. The inductively coupled plasma source may include a conductive material within a dielectric material.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present technology relates to semiconductor systems, processes, and equipment. More specifically, the present technology relates to processing chambers that may include an inductively coupled plasma source within the chamber.


BACKGROUND

Integrated circuits are made possible by processes which produce intricately patterned material layers on substrate surfaces. Producing patterned material on a substrate requires controlled methods for removal of exposed material. Chemical etching is used for a variety of purposes including transferring a pattern in photoresist into underlying layers, thinning layers, or thinning lateral dimensions of features already present on the surface. Often it is desirable to have an etch process that etches one material faster than another facilitating, for example, a pattern transfer process. Such an etch process is said to be selective to the first material. As a result of the diversity of materials, circuits, and processes, etch processes have been developed with a selectivity towards a variety of materials.


Etch processes may be termed wet or dry based on the materials used in the process. A wet HF etch preferentially removes silicon oxide over other dielectrics and materials. However, wet processes may have difficulty penetrating some constrained trenches and also may sometimes deform the remaining material. Dry etches produced in local plasmas formed within the substrate processing region can penetrate more constrained trenches and exhibit less deformation of delicate remaining structures. However, local plasmas may damage the substrate through the production of electric arcs as they discharge.


Thus, there is a need for improved systems and methods that can be used to produce high quality devices and structures. These and other needs are addressed by the present technology.


SUMMARY

Semiconductor processing systems and methods of the present technology may include semiconductor processing chambers including a chamber housing at least partially defining an interior region of a semiconductor processing chamber. The chamber may include a showerhead positioned within the chamber housing, and the showerhead may at least partially divide the interior region into a remote region and a processing region in which a substrate can be contained. The chamber may also include an inductively coupled plasma source positioned between the showerhead and the processing region. The inductively coupled plasma source may include a conductive material within a dielectric material.


In embodiments the dielectric material may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, single crystalline silicon, and quartz. Additionally, the conductive material may include a copper tube configured to receive a fluid flowed within the tube. The dielectric material may define apertures through the inductively coupled plasma source. In some embodiments the conductive material may be positioned about the apertures within the dielectric material. The apertures may be included in a uniform pattern across the dielectric material and about the conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive material may be configured in a planar spiral pattern within the dielectric material. In other embodiments the conductive material may configured in a coil extending vertically within the dielectric material for at least two complete turns of the conductive material.


In exemplary plasma sources, the conductive material may include two conductive tubes positioned within the inductively coupled source. A first tube may be included in a first configuration within the inductively coupled source, and a second tube may be included in a second configuration within the inductively coupled source. In some embodiments the second configuration may be radially inward of the first configuration. The first configuration and the second configuration may each be coiled configurations extending vertically within the dielectric material. In other embodiments, the first configuration and the second configuration may each be a planar configuration within the same plane of the inductively coupled source. The first tube and the second tube may be coupled with an RF source, and in some embodiments the first tube and the second tube may each be coupled with the RF source through a capacitive divider. Additionally, in some embodiments the inductively coupled source may include at least two plates coupled together. Each plate of the at least two plates may define at least a portion of a channel, and the conductive material may be housed within the channel at least partially defined by each of the at least two plates.


The present technology also encompasses inductively coupled plasma sources. Exemplary sources may include a first plate defining at least a portion of a channel within the first plate. The first plate may include a dielectric material, for example. Exemplary sources may also include a conductive material seated within the at least a portion of the channel. In some embodiments the conductive material may be characterized by a spiral or coil configuration. Additionally, the conductive material may be coupled with an RF source and configured to generate a plasma across the source.


In some exemplary sources the first plate may define apertures through the first plate, and a central axis of each aperture may be normal to the at least a portion of the channel. In embodiments the source may be characterized by a thickness of at least three inches. The first plate may define at least a portion of the first channel and at least a portion of a second channel in embodiments. The conductive material may include at least a first conductive material seated within the at least a portion of the first channel and a second conductive material seated within the at least a portion of the second channel. Exemplary sources may further include a second plate coupled with the first plate enclosing the conductive material between the first plate and the second plate. In embodiments the second plate may define second apertures axially aligned with the apertures defined through the first plate.


The present technology additionally includes semiconductor processing chambers. Exemplary chambers may include a chamber housing at least partially defining an interior region of the semiconductor processing chamber. The chamber housing may include a lid assembly including an inlet for receiving precursors into the semiconductor processing chamber. The chambers may also include a pedestal within the interior region of the semiconductor processing chamber. The chambers may include a showerhead positioned within the chamber housing. In embodiments, the showerhead may be positioned between the lid assembly and the pedestal. Additionally, the chambers may include an inductively coupled plasma source positioned between the showerhead and the pedestal. The inductively coupled plasma source may include a conductive material within a dielectric material.


Such technology may provide numerous benefits over conventional systems and techniques. For example, inductive sources according to the present technology may reduce component sputtering from the electrodes. Additionally, plasma sources of the present technology may allow decoupling of plasma ion energy from ion density. These and other embodiments, along with many of their advantages and features, are described in more detail in conjunction with the below description and attached figures.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the disclosed technology may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings.



FIG. 1 shows a top plan view of an exemplary processing system according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary processing chamber according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 3 shows a bottom plan view of an exemplary showerhead according to embodiments of the disclosed technology.



FIG. 4 shows a plan view of an exemplary faceplate according to embodiments of the disclosed technology.



FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a processing chamber according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 6 shows a plan view of an exemplary plasma source according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary plasma source of FIG. 6 according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 8 shows a plan view of an exemplary plasma source according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 9 shows a plan view of an exemplary plasma source according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a processing chamber according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 11 shows a plan view of an exemplary plasma source according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary plasma source of FIG. 11 according to embodiments of the present technology.



FIG. 13 shows operations of an exemplary method according to embodiments of the present technology.





Several of the figures are included as schematics. It is to be understood that the figures are for illustrative purposes, and are not to be considered of scale unless specifically stated to be of scale. Additionally, as schematics, the figures are provided to aid comprehension and may not include all aspects or information compared to realistic representations, and may include additional or exaggerated material for illustrative purposes.


In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letter that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the letter.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present technology includes systems and components for semiconductor processing including tuned etch processes. Certain processing chambers available may include multiple plasma mechanisms, such as one at the wafer level as well as a remote plasma source. Plasma at the wafer level may often be formed via a capacitively-coupled plasma formed between two electrodes. One or both of these electrodes may be or include additional chamber components, such as showerheads, pedestals, or chamber walls. However, even at relatively low level plasma power and chamber pressures, such as 50 W power at 20 mTorr, the induced voltage on the electrodes may be hundreds of volts. This may cause sputtering of the electrodes themselves, which may introduce the sputtered particulate material onto the wafer. These particulates may fail to allow uniformity across the wafer, and may deposit conductive material that can cause short circuiting of the finally produced circuit.


Conventional technologies may have addressed this sputtering issue by seasoning the chamber components with a polymer coating, such as a carbon-containing coating or a silicon-containing coating. Such a polymer layer may operate as a passivation layer on the surfaces of the capacitively-coupled source electrodes. However, such a coating may be difficult to apply uniformly to a showerhead or component, may not have complete coverage, and may still be degraded over time leading to the polymeric material being deposited on the wafer.


The present technology may overcome these issues by utilizing an inductively-coupled plasma (“ICP”) source within the chamber itself. The ICP source may produce voltages much lower than a capacitively-coupled plasma source of the same power, which may at least partially resolve electrode sputtering. Additionally, because the ICP source operates differently from the two plates of the capacitively-coupled source, plasma ion density and ion energy may be decoupled in exemplary chambers according to the present technology. This may allow improved plasma tuning and feature modification over conventional technologies.


Although the remaining disclosure will routinely identify specific etching processes utilizing the disclosed technology, it will be readily understood that the systems and methods are equally applicable to deposition and cleaning processes as may occur in the described chambers. Accordingly, the technology should not be considered to be so limited as for use with etching processes alone.



FIG. 1 shows a top plan view of one embodiment of a processing system 100 of deposition, etching, baking, and curing chambers according to embodiments. The processing tool 100 depicted in FIG. 1 may contain a plurality of process chambers, 114A-D, a transfer chamber 110, a service chamber 116, an integrated metrology chamber 117, and a pair of load lock chambers 106A-B. The process chambers may include structures or components similar to those described in relation to FIG. 2, as well as additional processing chambers.


To transport substrates among the chambers, the transfer chamber 110 may contain a robotic transport mechanism 113. The transport mechanism 113 may have a pair of substrate transport blades 113A attached to the distal ends of extendible arms 113B, respectively. The blades 113A may be used for carrying individual substrates to and from the process chambers. In operation, one of the substrate transport blades such as blade 113A of the transport mechanism 113 may retrieve a substrate W from one of the load lock chambers such as chambers 106A-B and carry substrate W to a first stage of processing, for example, an etching process as described below in chambers 114A-D. If the chamber is occupied, the robot may wait until the processing is complete and then remove the processed substrate from the chamber with one blade 113A and may insert a new substrate with a second blade (not shown). Once the substrate is processed, it may then be moved to a second stage of processing. For each move, the transport mechanism 113 generally may have one blade carrying a substrate and one blade empty to execute a substrate exchange. The transport mechanism 113 may wait at each chamber until an exchange can be accomplished.


Once processing is complete within the process chambers, the transport mechanism 113 may move the substrate W from the last process chamber and transport the substrate W to a cassette within the load lock chambers 106A-B. From the load lock chambers 106A-B, the substrate may move into a factory interface 104. The factory interface 104 generally may operate to transfer substrates between pod loaders 105A-D in an atmospheric pressure clean environment and the load lock chambers 106A-B. The clean environment in factory interface 104 may be generally provided through air filtration processes, such as HEPA filtration, for example. Factory interface 104 may also include a substrate orienter/aligner (not shown) that may be used to properly align the substrates prior to processing. At least one substrate robot, such as robots 108A-B, may be positioned in factory interface 104 to transport substrates between various positions/locations within factory interface 104 and to other locations in communication therewith. Robots 108A-B may be configured to travel along a track system within enclosure 104 from a first end to a second end of the factory interface 104.


The processing system 100 may further include an integrated metrology chamber 117 to provide control signals, which may provide adaptive control over any of the processes being performed in the processing chambers. The integrated metrology chamber 117 may include any of a variety of metrological devices to measure various film properties, such as thickness, roughness, composition, and the metrology devices may further be capable of characterizing grating parameters such as critical dimensions, sidewall angle, and feature height under vacuum in an automated manner.


Turning now to FIG. 2 is shown a cross-sectional view of an exemplary process chamber system 200 according to the present technology. Chamber 200 may be used, for example, in one or more of the processing chamber sections 114 of the system 100 previously discussed. Generally, the etch chamber 200 may include a first capacitively-coupled plasma source to implement an ion milling operation and a second capacitively-coupled plasma source to implement an etching operation and to implement an optional deposition operation. In embodiments explained further below, the chamber may further include an inductively-coupled plasma source to perform additional ion etching operations. The chamber 200 may include grounded chamber walls 240 surrounding a chuck 250. In embodiments, the chuck 250 may be an electrostatic chuck that clamps the substrate 202 to a top surface of the chuck 250 during processing, though other clamping mechanisms as would be known may also be utilized. The chuck 250 may include an embedded heat exchanger coil 217. In the exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger coil 217 includes one or more heat transfer fluid channels through which heat transfer fluid, such as an ethylene glycol/water mix, may be passed to control the temperature of the chuck 250 and ultimately the temperature of the substrate 202.


The chuck 250 may include a mesh 249 coupled to a high voltage DC supply 248 so that the mesh 249 may carry a DC bias potential to implement the electrostatic clamping of the substrate 202. The chuck 250 may be coupled with a first RF power source and in one such embodiment, the mesh 249 may be coupled with the first RF power source so that both the DC voltage offset and the RF voltage potentials are coupled across a thin dielectric layer on the top surface of the chuck 250. In the illustrative embodiment, the first RF power source may include a first and second RF generator 252, 253. The RF generators 252, 253 may operate at any industrially utilized frequency, however in the exemplary embodiment the RF generator 252 may operate at 60 MHz to provide advantageous directionality. Where a second RF generator 253 is also provided, the exemplary frequency may be 2 MHz.


With the chuck 250 to be RF powered, an RF return path may be provided by a first showerhead 225, which may include a dual channel showerhead. The first showerhead 225 may be disposed above the chuck to distribute a first feed gas into a first chamber region 284 defined by the first showerhead 225 and the chamber wall 240. As such, the chuck 250 and the first showerhead 225 form a first RF coupled electrode pair to capacitively energize a first plasma 270 of a first feed gas within a first chamber region 284. A DC plasma bias, or RF bias, resulting from capacitive coupling of the RF powered chuck may generate an ion flux from the first plasma 270 to the substrate 202, e.g., Ar ions where the first feed gas is Ar, to provide an ion milling plasma. The first showerhead 225 may be grounded or alternately coupled with an RF source 228 having one or more generators operable at a frequency other than that of the chuck 250, e.g., 13.56 MHz or 60 MHz. In the illustrated embodiment the first showerhead 225 may be selectably coupled to ground or the RF source 228 through the relay 227 which may be automatically controlled during the etch process, for example by a controller (not shown). In disclosed embodiments, chamber 200 may not include showerhead 225 or dielectric spacer 220, and may instead include only baffle 215 and showerhead 210 described further below.


As further illustrated in the figure, the etch chamber 200 may include a pump stack capable of high throughput at low process pressures. In embodiments, at least one turbo molecular pump 265, 266 may be coupled with the first chamber region 284 through one or more gate valves 260 and disposed below the chuck 250, opposite the first showerhead 225. The turbo molecular pumps 265, 266 may be any commercially available pumps having suitable throughput and more particularly may be sized appropriately to maintain process pressures below or about 10 mTorr or below or about 5 mTorr at the desired flow rate of the first feed gas, e.g., 50 to 500 sccm of Ar where argon is the first feedgas. In the embodiment illustrated, the chuck 250 may form part of a pedestal which is centered between the two turbo pumps 265 and 266, however in alternate configurations chuck 250 may be on a pedestal cantilevered from the chamber wall 240 with a single turbo molecular pump having a center aligned with a center of the chuck 250.


Disposed above the first showerhead 225 may be a second showerhead 210. In one embodiment, during processing, the first feed gas source, for example, Argon delivered from gas distribution system 290 may be coupled with a gas inlet 276, and the first feed gas flowed through a plurality of apertures 280 extending through second showerhead 210, into the second chamber region 281, and through a plurality of apertures 282 extending through the first showerhead 225 into the first chamber region 284. An additional flow distributor or baffle 215 having apertures 278 may further distribute a first feed gas flow 216 across the diameter of the etch chamber 200 through a distribution region 218. In an alternate embodiment, the first feed gas may be flowed directly into the first chamber region 284 via apertures 283 which are isolated from the second chamber region 281 as denoted by dashed line 223.


Chamber 200 may additionally be reconfigured from the state illustrated to perform an etching operation. A secondary electrode 205 may be disposed above the first showerhead 225 with a second chamber region 281 there between. The secondary electrode 205 may further form a lid or top plate of the etch chamber 200. The secondary electrode 205 and the first showerhead 225 may be electrically isolated by a dielectric ring 220 and form a second RF coupled electrode pair to capacitively discharge a second plasma 292 of a second feed gas within the second chamber region 281. Advantageously, the second plasma 292 may not provide a significant RF bias potential on the chuck 250. At least one electrode of the second RF coupled electrode pair may be coupled with an RF source for energizing an etching plasma. The secondary electrode 205 may be electrically coupled with the second showerhead 210. In an exemplary embodiment, the first showerhead 225 may be coupled with a ground plane or floating and may be coupled to ground through a relay 227 allowing the first showerhead 225 to also be powered by the RF power source 228 during the ion milling mode of operation. Where the first showerhead 225 is grounded, an RF power source 208, having one or more RF generators operating at 13.56 MHz or 60 MHz, for example, may be coupled with the secondary electrode 205 through a relay 207 which may allow the secondary electrode 205 to also be grounded during other operational modes, such as during an ion milling operation, although the secondary electrode 205 may also be left floating if the first showerhead 225 is powered.


A second feed gas source, such as nitrogen trifluoride, and a hydrogen source, such as ammonia, may be delivered from gas distribution system 290, and coupled with the gas inlet 276 such as via dashed line 224. In this mode, the second feed gas may flow through the second showerhead 210 and may be energized in the second chamber region 281. Reactive species may then pass into the first chamber region 284 to react with the substrate 202. As further illustrated, for embodiments where the first showerhead 225 is a multi-channel showerhead, one or more feed gases may be provided to react with the reactive species generated by the second plasma 292. In one such embodiment, a water source may be coupled with the plurality of apertures 283. Additional configurations may also be based on the general illustration provided, but with various components reconfigured. For example, flow distributor or baffle 215 may be a plate similar to the second showerhead 210, and may be positioned between the secondary electrode 205 and the second showerhead 210.


As any of these plates may operate as an electrode in various configurations for producing plasma, one or more annular or other shaped spacer may be positioned between one or more of these components, similar to dielectric ring 220. Second showerhead 210 may also operate as an ion suppression plate in embodiments, and may be configured to reduce, limit, or suppress the flow of ionic species through the second showerhead 210, while still allowing the flow of neutral and radical species. One or more additional showerheads or distributors may be included in the chamber between first showerhead 225 and chuck 250. Such a showerhead may take the shape or structure of any of the distribution plates or structures previously described. Also, in embodiments a remote plasma unit (not shown) may be coupled with the gas inlet to provide plasma effluents to the chamber for use in various processes.


In an embodiment, the chuck 250 may be movable along the distance H2 in a direction normal to the first showerhead 225. The chuck 250 may be on an actuated mechanism surrounded by a bellows 255, or the like, to allow the chuck 250 to move closer to or farther from the first showerhead 225 as a means of controlling heat transfer between the chuck 250 and the first showerhead 225, which may be at an elevated temperature of 80° C.-150° C., or more. As such, an etch process may be implemented by moving the chuck 250 between first and second predetermined positions relative to the first showerhead 225. Alternatively, the chuck 250 may include a lifter 251 to elevate the substrate 202 off a top surface of the chuck 250 by distance H1 to control heating by the first showerhead 225 during the etch process. In other embodiments, where the etch process is performed at a fixed temperature such as about 90-110°C. for example, chuck displacement mechanisms may be avoided. A system controller (not shown) may alternately energize the first and second plasmas 270 and 292 during the etching process by alternately powering the first and second RF coupled electrode pairs automatically.


The chamber 200 may also be reconfigured to perform a deposition operation. A plasma 292 may be generated in the second chamber region 281 by an RF discharge which may be implemented in any of the manners described for the second plasma 292. Where the first showerhead 225 is powered to generate the plasma 292 during a deposition, the first showerhead 225 may be isolated from a grounded chamber wall 240 by a dielectric spacer 230 so as to be electrically floating relative to the chamber wall. In the exemplary embodiment, an oxidizer feed gas source, such as molecular oxygen, may be delivered from gas distribution system 290, and coupled with the gas inlet 276. In embodiments where the first showerhead 225 is a multi-channel showerhead, any silicon-containing precursor, such as OMCTS for example, may be delivered from gas distribution system 290, and directed into the first chamber region 284 to react with reactive species passing through the first showerhead 225 from the plasma 292. Alternatively the silicon-containing precursor may also be flowed through the gas inlet 276 along with the oxidizer. Chamber 200 is included as a general chamber configuration that may be utilized for various operations discussed in reference to the present technology.



FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a showerhead 325 for use with a processing chamber according to embodiments. Showerhead 325 may correspond with showerhead 225 shown in FIG. 2. Through-holes 365, which may be a view of first fluid channels or apertures 282, may have a plurality of shapes and configurations in order to control and affect the flow of precursors through the showerhead 225. Small holes 375, which may be a view of second fluid channels or apertures 283, may be distributed substantially evenly over the surface of the showerhead, even amongst the through-holes 365, and may provide more even mixing of the precursors as they exit the showerhead than other configurations.


An arrangement for a faceplate according to embodiments is shown in FIG. 4. As shown, the faceplate 400 may include a perforated plate or manifold. The assembly of the faceplate may be similar to the showerhead as shown in FIG. 3, or may include a design configured specifically for distribution patterns of precursor gases. Faceplate 400 may include an annular frame 410 positioned in various arrangements within an exemplary processing chamber, such as the chamber as shown in FIG. 2. On or within the frame may be coupled a plate 420, which may be similar in embodiments to ion suppressor plate 523 as described below. In embodiments faceplate 400 may be a single-piece design where the frame 410 and plate 420 are a single piece of material.


The plate may have a disc shape and be seated on or within the frame 410. The plate may be a conductive material such as a metal including aluminum, as well as other conductive materials that allow the plate to serve as an electrode for use in a plasma arrangement as previously described. The plate may be of a variety of thicknesses, and may include a plurality of apertures 465 defined within the plate. An exemplary arrangement as shown in FIG. 4 may include a pattern as previously described with reference to the arrangement in FIG. 3, and may include a series of rings of apertures in a geometric pattern, such as a hexagon as shown. As would be understood, the pattern illustrated is exemplary and it is to be understood that a variety of patterns, hole arrangements, and hole spacing are encompassed in the design.


The apertures 465 may be sized or otherwise configured to allow fluids to be flowed through the apertures during operation. The apertures may be sized less than about 2 inches in various embodiments, and may be less than or about 1.5 inches, about 1 inch, about 0.9 inches, about 0.8 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 0.7 inches, about 0.65 inches, about 0.6 inches, about 0.55 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.45 inches, about 0.4 inches, about 0.35 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.25 inches, about 0.2 inches, about 0.15 inches, about 0.1 inches, about 0.05 inches, about 0.04 inches, about 0.035 inches, about 0.03 inches, about 0.025 inches, about 0.02 inches, about 0.015 inches, about 0.01 inches, etc. or less.


In some embodiments faceplate 400 may operate as an ion suppressor that defines a plurality of apertures throughout the structure that are configured to suppress the migration of ionically-charged species out of a chamber plasma region while allowing uncharged neutral or radical species to pass through the ion suppressor into an activated gas delivery region downstream of the ion suppressor. In embodiments, the ion suppressor may be a perforated plate with a variety of aperture configurations. These uncharged species may include highly reactive species that are transported with less reactive carrier gas through the apertures. As noted above, the migration of ionic species through the holes may be reduced, and in some instances completely suppressed. For example, the aspect ratio of the holes, or the hole diameter to length, and/or the geometry of the holes may be controlled so that the flow of ionically-charged species in the activated gas passing through the ion suppressor is reduced.


Turning to FIG. 5 is shown a simplified schematic of processing system 500 according to the present technology. The chamber of system 500 may include any of the components as previously discussed with relation to FIGS. 2-4, and may be configured to house a semiconductor substrate 555 in a processing region 533 of the chamber. The chamber housing 503 may at least partially define an interior region of the chamber. For example, the chamber housing 503 may include lid 502, and may at least partially include any of the other plates or components illustrated in the figure. For example, the chamber components may be included as a series of stacked components with each component at least partially defining a portion of chamber housing 503. The substrate 555 may be located on a pedestal 565 as shown. Processing chamber 500 may include a remote plasma unit (not shown) coupled with inlet 501. In other embodiments, the system may not include a remote plasma unit.


With or without a remote plasma unit, the system may be configured to receive precursors or other fluids through inlet 501, which may provide access to a mixing region 511 of the processing chamber. The mixing region 511 may be separate from and fluidly coupled with the processing region 533 of the chamber. The mixing region 511 may be at least partially defined by a top of the chamber of system 500, such as chamber lid 502 or lid assembly, which may include an inlet assembly for one or more precursors, and a distribution device, such as faceplate 509 below. Faceplate 509 may be similar to the showerhead or faceplate illustrated in FIG. 4 in disclosed embodiments. Faceplate 509 may include a plurality of channels or apertures 507 that may be positioned and/or shaped to affect the distribution and/or residence time of the precursors in the mixing region 511 before proceeding through the chamber.


For example, recombination may be affected or controlled by adjusting the number of apertures, size of the apertures, or configuration of apertures across the faceplate 509. Spacer 504, such as a ring of dielectric material may be positioned between the top of the chamber and the faceplate 509 to further define the mixing region 511. Additionally, spacer 504 may be metallic to allow electrical coupling of lid 502 and faceplate 509. Additionally, spacer 504 may not be included, and either lid 502 or faceplate 509 may be characterized by extensions or raised features to separate the two plates to define mixing region 511. As illustrated, faceplate 509 may be positioned between the mixing region 511 and the processing region 533 of the chamber, and the faceplate 509 may be configured to distribute one or more precursors through the chamber 500.


The chamber of system 500 may include one or more of a series of components that may optionally be included in disclosed embodiments. For example although faceplate 509 is described, in some embodiments the chamber may not include such a faceplate. In disclosed embodiments, the precursors that are at least partially mixed in mixing region 511 may be directed through the chamber via one or more of the operating pressure of the system, the arrangement of the chamber components, or the flow profile of the precursors.


An additional plate or device 523 may be disposed below the faceplate 509. Plate 523 may include a similar design as faceplate 509, and may have a similar arrangement as is illustrated at FIG. 4, for example. Spacer 510 may be positioned between the faceplate 509 and plate 523, and may include a dielectric material, but may also include a conductive material allowing faceplate 509 and plate 523 to be electrically coupled in embodiments. Apertures 524 may be defined in plate 523, and may be distributed and configured to affect the flow of ionic species through the plate 523. For example, the apertures 524 may be configured to at least partially suppress the flow of ionic species directed toward the processing region 533, and may allow plate 523 to operate as an ion suppressor as previously described. The apertures 524 may have a variety of shapes including channels as previously discussed, and may include a tapered portion extending outward away from the processing region 533 in disclosed embodiments.


The chamber of system 500 optionally may further include a gas distribution assembly 525 within the chamber. The gas distribution assembly 525, which may be similar in aspects to the dual-channel showerheads as previously described, may be located within the chamber above the processing region 533, such as between the processing region 533 and the lid 502. The gas distribution assembly 525 may be configured to deliver both a first and a second precursor into the processing region 533 of the chamber. In embodiments, the gas distribution assembly 525 may at least partially divide the interior region of the chamber into a remote region and a processing region in which substrate 555 is positioned. Although the exemplary system of FIG. 5 includes a dual-channel showerhead, it is understood that alternative distribution assemblies may be utilized that maintain a precursor fluidly isolated from species introduced through inlet 501. For example, a perforated plate and tubes underneath the plate may be utilized, although other configurations may operate with reduced efficiency or not provide as uniform processing as the dual-channel showerhead as described. By utilizing one of the disclosed designs, a precursor may be introduced into the processing region 533 that is not previously excited by a plasma prior to entering the processing region 533, or may be introduced to avoid contacting an additional precursor with which it may react. Although not shown, an additional spacer may be positioned between the plate 523 and the showerhead 525, such as an annular spacer, to isolate the plates from one another. In embodiments in which an additional precursor may not be included, the gas distribution assembly 525 may have a design similar to any of the previously described components, and may include characteristics similar to the faceplate illustrated in FIG. 4.


In embodiments, gas distribution assembly 525 may include an embedded heater 529, which may include a resistive heater or a temperature controlled fluid, for example. The gas distribution assembly 525 may include an upper plate and a lower plate. The plates may be coupled with one another to define a volume 527 between the plates. The coupling of the plates may be such as to provide first fluid channels 540 through the upper and lower plates, and second fluid channels 545 through the lower plate. The formed channels may be configured to provide fluid access from the volume 527 through the lower plate, and the first fluid channels 540 may be fluidly isolated from the volume 527 between the plates and the second fluid channels 545. The volume 527 may be fluidly accessible through a side of the gas distribution assembly 525, such as channel 223 as previously discussed. The channel may be coupled with an access in the chamber separate from the inlet 501 of the chamber 500. The chamber of system 500 may also include a chamber liner 535, which may protect the walls of the chamber from plasma effluents as well as material deposition, for example. The liner may be or may include a conductive material, and in embodiments may be or include an insulative material.


In some embodiments, a plasma as described earlier may be formed in a region of the chamber defined between two or more of the components previously discussed. For example, a plasma region such as a first plasma region 515, may be formed between faceplate 509 and plate 523. Spacer 510 may maintain the two devices electrically isolated from one another in order to allow a plasma field to be formed. Faceplate 509 may be electrically charged while plate 523 may be grounded or DC biased to produce a plasma field within the region defined between the plates. The plates may additionally be coated or seasoned in order to minimize the degradation of the components between which the plasma may be formed. The plates may additionally include compositions that may be less likely to degrade or be affected including ceramics, metal oxides, or other conductive materials.


Operating a conventional capacitively-coupled plasma (“CCP”) may degrade the chamber components, which may remove particles that may be inadvertently distributed on a substrate. Such particles may affect performance of devices formed from these substrates due to the metal particles that may provide short-circuiting across semiconductor substrates. However, the CCP of the disclosed technology may be operated at reduced or substantially reduced power in embodiments, and may be utilized to maintain the plasma, instead of ionizing species within the plasma region. In other embodiments the CCP may be operated to ionize precursors delivered into the region. For example, the CCP may be operated at a power level below or about 1 kW, 500 W, 250 W, 100 W, 50 W, 20 W, etc. or less. Moreover, the CCP may produce a flat plasma profile which may provide a uniform plasma distribution within the space. As such, a more uniform flow of plasma effluents may be delivered downstream to the processing region of the chamber.


The chamber of system 500 may also include an additional plasma source within the chamber housing. For example, plasma source 550 may be an inductively-coupled plasma (“ICP”) source in embodiments. As illustrated, the ICP source 550 may be included between the gas distribution assembly 525 and the pedestal 565. The ICP source 550 may be positioned above the processing region 533, and may at least partially define the processing region 533 from above. The ICP source may include a combination of materials in embodiments, or may be a single material design. As a combination, ICP source 550 may include a conductive material 554 that is included within a dielectric material 552, or contained or housed within the dielectric material 552. In embodiments the dielectric material 552 may include any number of dielectric or insulative materials. For example, dielectric material 552 may be or include aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, quartz, single crystalline silicon, or any other insulating material that may function within the processing environment. Some materials may not operate effectively as the dielectric material 552 in embodiments in which the ICP source 550 is positioned near or partially defining the processing region. Because the ICP source 550 may be exposed to one or more precursors or plasma effluents, the choice of material for the dielectric material 552 may be related to the precursors or operations to which it will be exposed.


The conductive material 554 may be any conductive material that may carry current. Conductive material 554 may include a solid material or a hollow material, such as a tube. By utilizing a tube, for example, a fluid may be flowed through the hollow structure, which may aid in cooling of the source under charge. In embodiments the conductive material 554 may be configured to receive a fluid flowed within the tube. The fluid may be water, for example, or may be any other fluid that may not impede the function of the ICP source 550 during operation. The conductive material 554 may be any conductive material that may operate effectively at varying operating conditions. In one non-limiting example, the conductive material 554 may be copper, including a copper tube, although other conductive materials such as other metals, or conductive non-metals may be used. Conductive material 554 may be included in a number of configurations as will be discussed below. In some configurations, the conductive material may be a tube, which may be wound, spiraled, or coiled within the dielectric material 552, and thus may be located throughout the dielectric material 552, including at optional locations 558, for example. The conductive material 554 may be included in a relatively uniform or uniform configuration to produce a uniform plasma across the ICP source 550, for example.


As previously noted, ICP source 550 may be positioned below the fluid delivery sources, such as gas distribution assembly 525 as well as other diffusers, faceplates, or showerheads previously discussed. When positioned above processing region 533, or proximate wafer 555, a uniform flow of materials through ICP source 550 may be desired to provide a uniform process across wafer 555. Thus, gas that has been distributed through the chamber through other showerheads may be a relatively uniform distribution upon interacting with the ICP source 550. Accordingly, ICP source 550 may operate as a showerhead or even as a final distributor before delivery into the processing region for contact with the wafer 555. ICP source 550 may be configured to maintain a uniform or relatively uniform flow of precursors and/or plasma effluents through the chamber and into the processing region 533. Embodiments of ICP sources 550 may include apertures 556 defined in the dielectric material 552 and through the ICP source 550. Several exemplary configurations are discussed in detail below. The apertures may be spaced apart from or around the conductive material 554 contained within the dielectric material 552. In some embodiments the direction of the apertures 556 may be perpendicular to the direction of the conductive material 554 within the dielectric material 552. For example, a central axis of any one or more of the apertures 556 may be normal to an axis of the conductive material 554, such as at an entrance to the ICP source 550, or to the direction of fluid flow within the conductive material 554, or to a direction of a channel defined in the dielectric material 552 in which the conductive material 554 may be seated.


A distance between ICP source 550 and gas distribution assembly 525 may be maintained to prevent or reduce a plasma from generating between the two components. The gas distribution assembly 525 may be grounded in some embodiments, and thus with a charged ICP source 550, the gas distribution assembly 525 may cause electromagnetic losses from the ICP source 550. Accordingly, a farther distance between the two components may be desired. However, as the components are spaced further apart, it may be possible to strike a plasma within the region between the two components. Accordingly, a distance between the two components may be less than or about 1 inch in embodiments to avoid striking a plasma between the two components. In some embodiments, the distance between the two components may be less than or about 0.9 inches, less than or about 0.8 inches, less than or about 0.7 inches, less than or about 0.6 inches, less than or about 0.5 inches, less than or about 0.4 inches, less than or about 0.3 inches, less than or about 0.2 inches, less than or about 0.1 inches, or less, although a distance may be maintained between the two components to ensure uniformity of flow between the two components which may have apertures that are axially aligned, or may be specifically offset from each other.


By including an ICP source 550, such as illustrated, a lower voltage may be produced than with a capacitively coupled plasma. In a capacitively-coupled plasma, the voltage induced on the electrodes may be directly proportional to the power, and thus may generate high voltages even at reduced power. For example, an exemplary capacitive source may be operated at a relatively low power level of about 50 W and at a pressure of about 20 mTorr, but may induce a voltage of 300-400 volts on the plates of the capacitive source. This may produce the sputtering previously discussed, for example. An inductively-coupled plasma source operated at the same frequency, such as ICP source 550, for example, may produce an induced voltage less than 300 volts for example, and may be less than 250 volts, less than 200 volts, less than 175 volts, less than 150 volts, less than 125 volts, less than 100 volts, less than 90 volts, less than 80 volts, less than 70 volts, less than 60 volts, less than 50 volts, or less depending on the number of turns and other parameters.


Additionally, utilizing ICP source 550 may provide an additional advantage over a capacitively-coupled source as discussed previously with respect to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 showed an exemplary chamber design according to the present technology in which a capacitively-coupled plasma was produced in region 270. A capacitively coupled plasma may utilize two electrodes, which can include, for example a showerhead as well as the wafer pedestal. Thus, ion density and ion energy at the wafer level are determined together. With an ICP source, the ion energy at the wafer level may be decoupled from the ion density of the plasma. For example, an ICP source may utilize an antenna to ionize gas, and may determine the ion density, which may be a function of power. Accordingly, an ICP source at a particular power may define the ion density of the plasma produced. The system, however, may still include the RF electrode in the pedestal, and may utilize a ground source, such as chamber walls. By utilizing an RF electrode and electrical ground separate from the antenna defining the ion density, the ion energy may be controlled separately at the wafer level by this RF bias at the wafer level. Accordingly, embodiments of the present design may provide additional control and tuning over process activities by utilizing the ICP source to determine ion density of the plasma, and then using an RF bias at the wafer or pedestal to control ion energy. Accordingly, the present system may produce a high density plasma, and also provide a low energy at the wafer level, for example, to perform intricate wafer modifications and ion etching.


Turning to FIG. 6 is shown a plan view of an exemplary ICP source 600 according to embodiments of the present technology. As illustrated, ICP source 600 may be or include a planar source in which a conductive material 610 is configured in a two-dimensional pattern, or substantially two-dimensional pattern, within a dielectric material 620. Conductive material 610 may enter dielectric material 620 at an exterior region of the dielectric material 620. Conductive material 610 may follow a pattern based on a channel at least partially defined within or across a surface of the dielectric material 620. As illustrated, conductive material 610 may be configured in a planar coiled or spiral pattern within the dielectric material 620. ICP source 600 may include any of the materials previously described and may be incorporated in any of the exemplary chambers discussed previously or elsewhere in the disclosure.


The spiral may be included to provide a number of turns of the conductive material 610. For example, in exemplary configurations the spiral may include at least about 1 turn, and may include at least or about 2 turns, at least or about 3 turns, at least or about 4 turns, at least or about 5 turns, at least or about 6 turns, at least or about 7 turns, at least or about 8 turns or more turns depending, for example, on the size of the conductive material or dielectric material. Additionally, exemplary ICP sources may include between about 1 turn of the conductive material and about 7 turns of the conductive material, or between about 2 turns and about 4 turns. Portion 610a of conductive material 610 may extend vertically within the dielectric material 620, and may extend normal to the planar coil or spiral configuration of conductive material 610. As will be explained below, portion 610a may still be contained within the dielectric material 620 in embodiments.


The number of turns of the conductive material 610 or ICP coil may impact the power provided by the ICP source. For example, a higher number of turns of the conductive material may provide an increased power to the plasma. However, as the number of turns continues to increase, this advantage may begin to decrease. For example, as turns continue to increase, the coil may begin to compensate and induce a self-inductance, or effectively resisting itself. Accordingly, by reducing the turns below such a threshold, or minimizing the effect, as well as providing enough turns for adequate power, a balance may be established to provide acceptable ICP sources. Additionally, the configuration of the conductive material 610 may be to include similar coverage across the dielectric material 620 to provide a more uniform plasma profile through the ICP source.


ICP source 600 may also include apertures 630 defined through dielectric material 620 as previously described. The apertures may be configured to develop uniformity of a flow profile through the ICP source. In some embodiments the apertures 630 may be included in a uniform pattern across the dielectric material 620 and about the conductive material 610. As illustrated, apertures 630 are included in a spiral or coiled pattern similar to conductive material 610. Because the apertures 630 may perforate the dielectric material 620 to provide flow channels, the apertures may not be positioned in line with the conductive material. Although illustrated in a spiral pattern, the apertures may be included in additional or alternative configurations that may include a goal of providing a substantially uniform flow profile through the ICP source.


Additionally, the number of apertures 630 may be variable, and may not be adequately represented by the figure, which is included more for the pattern of apertures. The number of apertures in any pattern across the ICP source 600 may be greater than or equal to 10 apertures, greater than or equal to 50 apertures, greater than or equal to 100 apertures, greater than or equal to 500 apertures, greater than or equal to 1,000 apertures, greater than or equal to 5,000 apertures, greater than or equal to 10,000 apertures, or more depending on the size of ICP source 600 and the dimensions of the apertures. The number of apertures may also be any smaller range within these ranges, or between any two numbers included within these ranges. Similarly, the dimensions and geometries of the apertures may be similar across the ICP source 600, or may be different between apertures.



FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary ICP source 600 of FIG. 6 according to embodiments of the present technology. As illustrated, ICP source 600 may include a conductive material 610 included within a dielectric material 620. Dielectric material 620 may also define apertures 630 through the ICP source 600, and the apertures may be positioned around or about the conductive material 610. As illustrated, the cross-sectional view shows an embodiment of conductive material 610 as it both enters and exits dielectric material 620. The conductive material 610 may be coupled with a power source, such as RF power source 710 at one end of the conductive material, such as a copper tube. Additionally, the end of conductive material 610 exiting the dielectric material 620 may be coupled with electrical ground 720. In other embodiments, the conductive material 610 may include multiple sections. In order to include the conductive material 610, FIG. 7 illustrates that ICP source 600 may be thicker than one inch in embodiments, and may be between about 0.5 inches and about 3 inches in embodiments, or between about 1 inch and about 2 inches in embodiments.



FIG. 7 shows an additional view of conductive material portion 610a, which may extend normal to the coiled configuration of conductive material. As illustrated, portion 610a of conductive material may extend vertically and then exit the dielectric material 620 with section 610b. Section 610b is illustrated as hidden, as it may not be in line with the portion entering the dielectric material 620, and may not intersect any of apertures 630. As illustrated, the conductive material 610 may be completely enclosed within the dielectric material 620, except for stub portions extending from the chamber in which the source may be located and may be coupled with electrical sources. To incorporate the conductive material 610 within the dielectric material 620, the dielectric material may be cast about the conductive material, for example.


In another embodiment, the dielectric material may include a plurality of plates that each may include a portion of conductive material 610. For example, the dielectric material may include at least two plates coupled together, such as is illustrated with optional plate divisions 640, 650. As illustrated, the ICP source includes 3 plates, although additional sources may include 1 or 2 plates as well as more than 3 plates, for example. Each plate of dielectric material 620 may define at least a portion of a channel in which the conductive material may be seated in embodiments. The conductive material may then be positioned or seated within at least one plate, and then a second or additional plates may be coupled with the first plate to enclose or house the conductive material within the dielectric material 620 plates, and within the channel at least partially defined by each of the plates. Although illustrated as having the planar configuration of the conductive material within a lower plate or at a lower portion of dielectric material 620, it is to be understood that the configuration can be reversed, with the coil pattern at an upper portion of the dielectric material, and the portion 610a extending vertically down from the coiled portion before exiting the dielectric material 620.



FIG. 8 shows a plan view of another exemplary plasma source 800 according to embodiments of the present technology. Plasma source 800 may include some or all of the components or characteristics previously discussed. As illustrated, plasma source 800 may include a conductive material 810 included in dielectric or insulative material 820, as previously described. Plasma source 800 may include any of the materials or configurations previously described and may be incorporated in any of the exemplary chambers discussed previously or elsewhere in this disclosure. Dielectric material 820 may additionally define a number of apertures 830 through plasma source 800, which may be positioned about or around the conductive material 810. The aperture configuration is only exemplary, and adjustments with the number, size, shape, and location of apertures will be understood to be encompassed as well. The conductive material 810 may be in a fully planar configuration as illustrated in FIG. 8, and may not include a portion extending above or below the planar configuration as was illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 6-7. In some embodiments, the dielectric material 820 may also include two dielectric plates coupled with one another that each define at least a portion of a channel in which the conductive material may be seated.



FIG. 9 shows a plan view of another exemplary plasma source 900 according to embodiments of the present technology. Plasma source 900 may include any of the materials or configurations previously described and may be incorporated in any of the exemplary chambers discussed previously or elsewhere in this disclosure. Plasma source 900 may include two conductive materials, such as conductive tubes, positioned within the plasma source. As illustrated, plasma source 900 may include two conductive materials 910, 940 included within dielectric material 920. The configuration may include a first tube 910 disposed in a first configuration within dielectric material 920. Additionally, plasma source 900 may include a second tube 940 disposed in a second configuration within dielectric material 920. The second configuration, which may include the looped portion of second tube 940, may be radially inward of the first configuration, or coiled portion, of conductive tube 910 within the dielectric material 920, or within the plasma source 900. Plasma source 900 may also include apertures 930 defined within the dielectric material 920. Apertures 930 may include any pattern as previously discussed, and may include differently sized apertures, such as smaller apertures 930a and larger apertures 930b distributed across the plasma source 900. The configuration may allow improvements in uniformity of delivery of precursors through the plasma source 900, for example.


As illustrated, the first tube 910 and the second tube 940, as well as the first configuration and the second configuration of the tubes or other conductive material, may be planar configurations. In embodiments, the first configuration and the second configuration may be within the same plane across dielectric material 920. Accordingly, the dielectric material may define at least a portion of a first channel and at least a portion of a second channel in which the two conductive materials may be seated. In other embodiments, the first configuration or first tube 910 may be on different plane of dielectric material 920 than the second configuration or second tube 940. For example, first tube 910 may be disposed vertically offset within dielectric material 920 from second tube 940.


When vertically offset, for example, the dielectric material may include three plates that each define at least a portion of a channel in which either first tube 910 or second tube 940 may be seated. A middle plate, for example, may define at least a portion of a channel in which first tube 910 is seated on a first surface of the middle plate. Additionally, the middle plate may define at least a portion of a channel in which second tube 940 is seated on a second surface of the middle plate that may be opposite the first surface. In embodiments, the first tube 910 may be covered by a first portion of dielectric material 920, and the second tube 940 may be covered by a second portion of dielectric material 920. The two portions of dielectric material may then be coupled with one another to provide the plasma source 900. In this example or any example discussed throughout the disclosure in which multiple plates may be utilized for the plasma source, the apertures may be at least partially defined through each plate of dielectric material. When coupled together, the apertures may be axially aligned.


In exemplary configurations in which two separate conductive materials or tubes are included within a dielectric material, such as with first tube 910 and second tube 940 of plasma source 900, the two materials may be individually coupled with power supplies. For example, first tube 910 may be coupled with a first RF source, and second tube 940 may be coupled with a second RF source. Additionally, the two tubes may be coupled to an RF source together. In some embodiments, the first tube and second tube may be coupled to an RF source through a capacitive divider. A capacitive divider may allow management of the ratio of energy delivered to the plasma between the two tubes by adjusting the power delivered to each of the tubes. This may allow control of the plasma density distribution. For example, tunable capacitance may allow distributions of power of 50%/50%, 40%/60%, 30%/70%, 20%/80% between the two coils, which may also then be reversed between the two coils, or any other distribution of power as would be understood to be encompassed by this configuration. Generally, whether coupled with separate RF sources operating at similar or different power levels, or an RF power with a capacitive divider, utilizing two coils may allow tuning of the plasma to adjust for uniformity of treatment operations and plasma distribution.


Turning to FIG. 10 is shown a cross-sectional view of a processing chamber 1000 according to embodiments of the present technology. Chamber 1000 may include some or all of the components, materials, or configurations of chamber 200 and/or the chamber of system 500 discussed previously. For example, chamber 1000 may include a lid 1002 including an inlet 1001. Chamber 1000 may define an interior region that may be partitioned by one or more components within the chamber, such as to provide processing region 1033 in which a substrate 1055 may be positioned on a pedestal 1065. Processing region 1033 may include a liner 1035 such as previously discussed. Chamber 1000 may include a faceplate 1009 defining apertures 1007. Faceplate 1009 and lid 1002 may define a mixing region 1011 in which one or more precursors delivered to the chamber may be incorporated. Chamber 1000 may also include plate 1023 defining apertures 1024. In embodiments plate 1023 may be configured as an ion suppressor as previously discussed. A dielectric spacer 1010 may be positioned between faceplate 1009 and plate 1023. RF power may be coupled or coupleable with faceplate 1009, while plate 1023 may be coupled or coupleable with electrical ground. In embodiments, such a configuration may allow a capacitively-coupled plasma to be produced between the faceplate 1009 and the plate 1023 in region 1015.


Chamber 1000 may also include a showerhead or gas distribution assembly 1025. Gas distribution assembly 1025 may include an upper plate and a lower plate, which may be coupled with one another to define a volume 1027 between the plates. The coupling of the plates may be such as to provide first fluid channels 1040 through the upper and lower plates, and second fluid channels 1045 through the lower plate. The formed channels may be configured to provide fluid access from the volume 1027 through the lower plate, and the first fluid channels 1040 may be fluidly isolated from the volume 1027 between the plates and the second fluid channels 1045. In embodiments, gas distribution assembly 1025 may also include an embedded heater or heating element 1029.


Chamber 1000 may also include an additional plasma source, such as an inductively-coupled plasma (“ICP”) source 1050. ICP source 1050 may include any of the features or characteristics of other plasma sources described elsewhere in this description. ICP source 1050 may also operate similarly to any of the previously discussed plasma sources. ICP source 1050 may include a dielectric material 1052 through which apertures 1056 may be defined. ICP source 1050 may also include a first conductive material 1054 and a second conductive material 1058 included within the dielectric material 1052. The first conductive material 1054 and second conductive material 1058 may be electrically coupled with RF power in any of the configurations discussed previously including separate sources or a single source. The arrangement of apertures 1056 about the conductive materials 1058 may be any of the configurations as previously discussed, or any other arrangement around the conductive materials. ICP source 1050 may differ from some of the planar sources previously described in that ICP source 1050 may include coiled or otherwise configured conductive material that may extend vertically within the dielectric material 1052. An exemplary configuration of an ICP source 1050 is included below with respect to FIG. 11, and will be discussed further with that figure.



FIG. 11 shows a plan view of an exemplary plasma source 1100 according to embodiments of the present technology. As illustrated, plasma source 1100 may include a design having some similar features of any of the previously discussed designs, including FIG. 9 discussed above. Plasma source 1100 may include a first conductive material 1110 included within dielectric material 1120. Plasma source 1100 may also include a second conductive material 1140 included within dielectric material 1120. Plasma source 1100 may also include apertures 1130 defined throughout the source, which may include a variety of patterns and hole geometries to provide a uniform flow, or a relatively or substantially uniform flow of precursors or plasma effluents through plasma source 1100.


First and second conductive materials 1110, 1140 may be included in a coiled or spiraled configuration within dielectric material 1120. The coils may extend vertically within dielectric material 1120 without intersecting one another. For example, the coiled configuration of second conductive material 1140 may be radially inward of the coiled configuration of first conductive material 1110. The coils may each extend vertically in a circular fashion or in some other curved geometry for a number of turns. For example, first conductive material 1110 or second conductive material 1140 may each include at least about 1 complete turn, as well as at least about 2 complete turns, at least about 3 complete turns, at least about 4 complete turns, between about 2 complete turns and about 4 complete turns, or any other number of turns based on the spatial characteristics of the dielectric material and conductive material of the plasma source 1100.


In some embodiments the first conductive material 1110 and the second conductive material 1140 may include or be characterized by the same number of turns. In some embodiments the first or second conductive materials may include a different number of turns from one another. Additionally, in some embodiments, the first conductive material 1110 may turn in the same direction as the second conductive material 1140, while in some embodiments the first conductive material 1110 and the second conductive material 1140 may turn in opposite directions from one another, such as a left-hand turn and a right-hand turn. By having additional turns compared to some planar configurations, plasma source 1100 may provide additional plasma uniformity while providing the plasma tuning of two coils.



FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary plasma source of FIG. 11 according to embodiments of the present technology. As illustrated, plasma source 1100 may include a dielectric material 1120, which may include or encompass first conductive material 1110 and second conductive material 1140. Dielectric material 1120 may include any number of plates that may each define at least a portion of a channel within which first conductive material 1110 or second conductive material 1140 may reside. The dielectric material, which may include plates, may include any configuration previously described, or may be configured in additional variations that encompasses the conductive materials. Depending on the number of turns of each conductive material, plasma source 1100 may be of a thickness of at least about 2 inches in embodiments to cover the conductive materials, and may be at least about 3 inches, at least about 4 inches, at least about 5 inches, or greater in embodiments.


Conductive material 1110 and conductive material 1140 are each shown to include 4 coils extending vertically within the dielectric material 1120. The coils may be packed at any distance from adjacent coils depending on the number of coils made, the thickness of the conductive material, and the thickness of the dielectric material 1120. As illustrated, first conductive material 1110 may include end portion 1112 shown hidden, and second conductive material 1140 may include end portion 1142 shown hidden. The configuration or outlay of the tubes that may be the conductive materials may be horizontally disposed as illustrated. Because of the vertical extension of the conductive materials, in embodiments the first conductive material 1110 and/or the second conductive material 1140 may also be vertically aligned at the entrance and exit of the dielectric material 1120. Additionally, the coils of first conductive material 1110 may be spaced to allow the ingress and egress of second conductive material 1140 between the coils. As illustrated, leads or inlet and exit portions of second conductive material 1140 may pass within the coils of first conductive material 1110 without the conductive materials intersecting. The coiled configuration of second conductive material 1140 may then extend within the interior or radially inward of the coiled configuration of first conductive material 1110.



FIG. 12 additionally illustrates some apertures 1130 as may be included in cross section. For example, apertures 1130a may be centrally located within plasma source 1100, while apertures 1130b and 1130c may be radially outward from a central region of the plasma source 1100. As previously discussed, the apertures 1130 may be of a variety of sizes and geometries to assist in uniformity of flow through the plasma source 1100.


The chambers and plasma sources described above may be used in one or more methods. FIG. 13 shows operations of an exemplary method 1300 according to embodiments of the present technology. The method may involve operations in an ion etching operation in which radical species may be directed to a surface of a wafer to etch or modify features on the wafer. Method 1300 may include flowing a precursor into a chamber at operation 1305. The chamber may be any of the chambers previously described, and may include one of the exemplary plasma sources, such as an ICP plasma source, as previously described. The precursor may be or include materials that may not chemically react with a surface of the wafer, and may include, for example, hydrogen, helium, argon, nitrogen, or some other precursor. The precursor may flow through the chamber to the plasma source, such as one of the ICP sources, at operation 1310. The plasma source may receive power to produce a plasma through the source, which may ionize the precursor at operation 1315 as the precursor flows through apertures defined in the source. The source may additionally operate as a showerhead to maintain or assist uniform flow of the precursor before it contacts the wafer.


In some embodiments a source, such as any of the ICP sources discussed, may also maintain plasma effluents produced elsewhere. For example, the plasma sources as described may be used to generate a plasma that may tune or further enhance plasma effluents produced in a capacitively-coupled plasma upstream of the source, or in an external source, such as a remote plasma unit. In this way precursors that may have relatively short residence times, for example, may be maintained by the ICP plasma of a source near a processing region or near the wafer level.


In the preceding description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous details have been set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the present technology. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that certain embodiments may be practiced without some of these details, or with additional details.


Having disclosed several embodiments, it will be recognized by those of skill in the art that various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit of the embodiments. Additionally, a number of well-known processes and elements have not been described in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present technology. Accordingly, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the technology.


Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the smallest fraction of the unit of the lower limit, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Any narrower range between any stated values or unstated intervening values in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed. The upper and lower limits of those smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither, or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the technology, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included.


As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a layer” includes a plurality of such layers, and reference to “the precursor” includes reference to one or more precursors and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.


Also, the words “comprise(s)”, “comprising”, “contain(s)”, “containing”, “include(s)”, and “including”, when used in this specification and in the following claims, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or operations, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, operations, acts, or groups.

Claims
  • 1. An inductively coupled plasma source comprising: a plate comprising a dielectric material and at least partially defining a channel; anda conductive material seated within the channel, wherein the conductive material is characterized by a spiral or coil configuration, wherein the conductive material is coupled with an RF source, wherein the dielectric material defines apertures through the inductively coupled plasma source, and wherein the conductive material is positioned about the apertures within the dielectric material.
  • 2. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, single crystalline silicon, and quartz.
  • 3. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 1, wherein the conductive material comprises a copper tube configured to receive a fluid flowed within the copper tube.
  • 4. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 1, wherein the apertures are included in a uniform pattern about the dielectric material and about the conductive material.
  • 5. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is configured in a planar spiral pattern within the dielectric material.
  • 6. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 5, wherein the conductive material enters the plate at a radial edge of the plate and extends in a constricting coil for at least two turns towards a central region of the plate.
  • 7. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 6, wherein the conductive material extends vertically within the plate at the central region of the plate, and exits the plate at a different elevation from where the conductive material entered the plate.
  • 8. An inductively coupled plasma source comprising: a first plate comprising a dielectric material and at least partially defining a channel; anda conductive material seated within the channel, wherein the conductive material extends continuously through the dielectric material from a first position along a radial edge of the first plate where the conductive material enters the first plate to a second position along the radial edge of the first plate where the conductive material exits the first plate, and wherein the conductive material is coupled with an RF source.
  • 9. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 8, wherein the conductive material extends in a looped configuration through the plate.
  • 10. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 9, wherein the looped configuration comprises a double loop extending at least partially about a first radial length of the plate and extending at least partially about a second radial length of the plate, wherein the second radial length is less than the first radial length.
  • 11. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 10, wherein the conductive material transitions from the first radial length to the second radial length at a distal position in the plate from the first position at which the conductive material enters the plate.
  • 12. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 8, wherein the conductive material comprises a first conductive material, wherein the inductively coupled plasma source further comprises a second conductive material extending continuously through the dielectric material from a third position along a radial edge of the first plate where the second conductive material enters the first plate to a fourth position along the radial edge of the first plate where the second conductive material exits the first plate.
  • 13. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 12, wherein the second conductive material extends in a pattern containing a partial loop radially inward of the first conductive material.
  • 14. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 13, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are vertically offset from one another within the plate.
  • 15. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 13, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are each characterized by a planar configuration and are coplanar within the inductively coupled plasma source.
  • 16. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 13, further comprising a second plate coupled with the first plate, wherein the second plate at least partially defines the channel.
  • 17. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 12, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are each coupled with the RF source through a capacitive divider.
  • 18. An inductively coupled plasma source comprising: a plate defining at least a portion of a channel within the plate, wherein the plate comprises a dielectric material; anda conductive material seated within the at least a portion of the channel, wherein the conductive material is characterized by a spiral or coil configuration, wherein the conductive material extends continuously through the dielectric material from a first position along a radial edge of the plate where the conductive material enters the plate to a second position along the radial edge of the plate where the conductive material exits the plate, wherein the conductive material is characterized by a coil pattern extending vertically about a central axis of the plate for at least two turns, and wherein the conductive material is coupled with an RF source.
  • 19. The inductively coupled plasma source of claim 18, wherein the conductive material comprises a first conductive material, and wherein the inductively coupled plasma source further comprises a second conductive material extending continuously through the plate without intersecting the first conductive material.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/943,208, filed Apr. 2, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/285,176, filed Oct. 4, 2016, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

US Referenced Citations (2033)
Number Name Date Kind
2369620 Sullivan et al. Feb 1945 A
3401302 Thorpe Sep 1968 A
3451840 Hough Jun 1969 A
3537474 Rohrer Nov 1970 A
3756511 Shinroku Sep 1973 A
3937857 Brummett et al. Feb 1976 A
3969077 Hill Jul 1976 A
4006047 Brummett et al. Feb 1977 A
4190488 Winters Feb 1980 A
4209357 Gorin et al. Jun 1980 A
4214946 Forget et al. Jul 1980 A
4232060 Mallory, Jr. Nov 1980 A
4234628 DuRose Nov 1980 A
4265943 Goldstein et al. May 1981 A
4340462 Koch Jul 1982 A
4341592 Shortes et al. Jul 1982 A
4361418 Tscheppe Nov 1982 A
4361441 Tylko Nov 1982 A
4364803 Nidola et al. Dec 1982 A
4368223 Kobayashi et al. Jan 1983 A
4374698 Sanders et al. Feb 1983 A
4397812 Mallory, Jr. Aug 1983 A
4468413 Bachmann Aug 1984 A
4565601 Kakehi et al. Jan 1986 A
4579618 Celestino et al. Apr 1986 A
4585920 Hoog et al. Apr 1986 A
4600464 Desilets et al. Jul 1986 A
4610775 Phifer Sep 1986 A
4625678 Shloya et al. Dec 1986 A
4632857 Mallory, Jr. Dec 1986 A
4656052 Satou et al. Apr 1987 A
4656076 Vetanen et al. Apr 1987 A
4668335 Mockler May 1987 A
4690746 McInerney et al. Sep 1987 A
4715937 Moslehi et al. Dec 1987 A
4749440 Blackwood et al. Jun 1988 A
4753898 Parrillo et al. Jun 1988 A
4786360 Cote et al. Nov 1988 A
4792378 Rose et al. Dec 1988 A
4793897 Dunfield et al. Dec 1988 A
4807016 Douglas Feb 1989 A
4810520 Wu Mar 1989 A
4816638 Ukai et al. Mar 1989 A
4820377 Davis et al. Apr 1989 A
4828649 Davis May 1989 A
4857140 Loewenstein Aug 1989 A
4867841 Loewenstein et al. Sep 1989 A
4904621 Lowenstein et al. Feb 1990 A
4913929 Moslehi et al. Apr 1990 A
4919750 Bausmith et al. Apr 1990 A
4946903 Gardella et al. Aug 1990 A
4951601 Maydan et al. Aug 1990 A
4960488 Law et al. Oct 1990 A
4980018 Mu et al. Dec 1990 A
4981551 Palmour Jan 1991 A
4985372 Narita et al. Jan 1991 A
4991542 Kohmura et al. Feb 1991 A
4992136 Tachi et al. Feb 1991 A
4993358 Mahawili Feb 1991 A
4994404 Sheng et al. Feb 1991 A
5000113 Wang et al. Mar 1991 A
5006192 Deguchi Apr 1991 A
5010842 Oda et al. Apr 1991 A
5013691 Lory et al. May 1991 A
5028565 Chang Jul 1991 A
5030319 Nishino et al. Jul 1991 A
5038713 Kawakami et al. Aug 1991 A
5045244 Marlett Sep 1991 A
5061838 Lane et al. Oct 1991 A
5069938 Lorimer et al. Dec 1991 A
5074456 Degner et al. Dec 1991 A
5083030 Stavov Jan 1992 A
5089441 Moslehi Feb 1992 A
5089442 Olmer Feb 1992 A
5147692 Bengston Sep 1992 A
5156881 Okano et al. Oct 1992 A
5180435 Markunas et al. Jan 1993 A
5186718 Tepman et al. Feb 1993 A
5188706 Hori et al. Feb 1993 A
5198034 deBoer et al. Mar 1993 A
5200016 Namose Apr 1993 A
5203911 Sricharoenchalkit et al. Apr 1993 A
5215787 Homma Jun 1993 A
5217559 Moslehi Jun 1993 A
5221427 Koinuma et al. Jun 1993 A
5228501 Tepman et al. Jul 1993 A
5231690 Soma et al. Jul 1993 A
5235139 Bengston et al. Aug 1993 A
5238499 van de Ven et al. Aug 1993 A
5240497 Shacham et al. Aug 1993 A
5248371 Maher et al. Sep 1993 A
5248527 Uchida et al. Sep 1993 A
5252178 Moslehi Oct 1993 A
5266157 Kadomura Nov 1993 A
5269881 Sekiya Dec 1993 A
5270125 America et al. Dec 1993 A
5271972 Kwok et al. Dec 1993 A
5275977 Otsubo et al. Jan 1994 A
5277750 Wolgang Jan 1994 A
5279669 Lee Jan 1994 A
5279865 Chebi et al. Jan 1994 A
5288518 Homma Feb 1994 A
5290382 Zarowin et al. Mar 1994 A
5290383 Koshimizu Mar 1994 A
5292370 Tsai et al. Mar 1994 A
5292682 Stevens et al. Mar 1994 A
5300463 Cathey et al. Apr 1994 A
5302233 Kim et al. Apr 1994 A
5304250 Sameshima et al. Apr 1994 A
5306530 Strongin et al. Apr 1994 A
5314724 Tsukune et al. May 1994 A
5319247 Matsuura Jun 1994 A
5326427 Jerbic Jul 1994 A
5328558 Kawamura et al. Jul 1994 A
5328810 Lowrey et al. Jul 1994 A
5330578 Sakama Jul 1994 A
5334552 Homma Aug 1994 A
5345999 Hosokawa Sep 1994 A
5352636 Beinglass Oct 1994 A
5356478 Chen et al. Oct 1994 A
5362526 Wang et al. Nov 1994 A
5366585 Robertson et al. Nov 1994 A
5368897 Kurihara et al. Nov 1994 A
5378316 Franke et al. Jan 1995 A
5380560 Kaja et al. Jan 1995 A
5382311 Ishikawa et al. Jan 1995 A
5384284 Doan et al. Jan 1995 A
5385763 Okano et al. Jan 1995 A
5399237 Keswick et al. Mar 1995 A
5399529 Homma Mar 1995 A
5403434 Moslehi Apr 1995 A
5413670 Langan et al. May 1995 A
5413967 Matsuda et al. May 1995 A
5415890 Kloiber et al. May 1995 A
5416048 Blalock et al. May 1995 A
5420075 Homma et al. May 1995 A
5429995 Nishiyama et al. Jul 1995 A
5439553 Grant et al. Aug 1995 A
5451259 Krogh Sep 1995 A
5464499 Moslehi Nov 1995 A
5468342 Nulty et al. Nov 1995 A
5474589 Ohga et al. Dec 1995 A
5478403 Shinagawa et al. Dec 1995 A
5478462 Walsh Dec 1995 A
5483920 Pryor Jan 1996 A
5494494 Mizuno et al. Feb 1996 A
5500249 Telford et al. Mar 1996 A
5505816 Barnes et al. Apr 1996 A
5510216 Calabrese et al. Apr 1996 A
5516367 Lei et al. May 1996 A
5518962 Murao May 1996 A
5531835 Fodor et al. Jul 1996 A
5534070 Okamura et al. Jul 1996 A
5536360 Nguyen et al. Jul 1996 A
5549780 Koinuma et al. Aug 1996 A
5556521 Ghanbari Sep 1996 A
5558717 Zhao et al. Sep 1996 A
5560779 Knowles et al. Oct 1996 A
5563105 Dobuzinsky et al. Oct 1996 A
5567243 Foster et al. Oct 1996 A
5571576 Qian et al. Nov 1996 A
5575853 Arami et al. Nov 1996 A
5578130 Hayashi et al. Nov 1996 A
5578161 Auda Nov 1996 A
5580385 Paranjpe Dec 1996 A
5580421 Hiatt et al. Dec 1996 A
5591269 Arami et al. Jan 1997 A
5592358 Shamouilian Jan 1997 A
5595606 Fujikawa et al. Jan 1997 A
5597439 Salzman Jan 1997 A
5599740 Jang et al. Feb 1997 A
5614055 Fairbairn et al. Mar 1997 A
5616518 Foo et al. Apr 1997 A
5624582 Cain Apr 1997 A
5626922 Miyanaga et al. May 1997 A
5628829 Foster et al. May 1997 A
5635086 Warren, Jr. Jun 1997 A
5645645 Zhang et al. Jul 1997 A
5648125 Cane Jul 1997 A
5648175 Russell et al. Jul 1997 A
5656093 Burkhart et al. Aug 1997 A
5660957 Chou et al. Aug 1997 A
5661093 Ravi et al. Aug 1997 A
5670066 Barnes et al. Sep 1997 A
5674787 Zhao et al. Oct 1997 A
5676758 Hasgawa et al. Oct 1997 A
5679606 Wang et al. Oct 1997 A
5685946 Fathauer et al. Nov 1997 A
5688331 Aruga et al. Nov 1997 A
5695810 Dubin et al. Dec 1997 A
5712185 Tsai et al. Jan 1998 A
5716500 Bardos et al. Feb 1998 A
5716506 Maclay et al. Feb 1998 A
5719085 Moon et al. Feb 1998 A
5733816 Iyer et al. Mar 1998 A
5747373 Yu May 1998 A
5753886 Iwamura et al. May 1998 A
5755859 Brusic et al. May 1998 A
5756400 Ye et al. May 1998 A
5756402 Jimbo et al. May 1998 A
5772770 Suda et al. Jun 1998 A
5781693 Balance et al. Jul 1998 A
5786276 Brooks et al. Jul 1998 A
5788825 Park et al. Aug 1998 A
5789300 Fulford Aug 1998 A
5792376 Kanai et al. Aug 1998 A
5800686 Littau et al. Sep 1998 A
5804259 Robles Sep 1998 A
5812403 Fong et al. Sep 1998 A
5814238 Ashby et al. Sep 1998 A
5814365 Mahawill Sep 1998 A
5820723 Benjamin et al. Oct 1998 A
5824599 Schacham-Diamand et al. Oct 1998 A
5830805 Schacham-Diamand et al. Nov 1998 A
5835334 McMillin et al. Nov 1998 A
5843538 Ehrsam et al. Dec 1998 A
5843847 Pu et al. Dec 1998 A
5844195 Fairbairn et al. Dec 1998 A
5846332 Zhao et al. Dec 1998 A
5846373 Pirkle et al. Dec 1998 A
5846375 Gilchrist et al. Dec 1998 A
5846598 Semkow et al. Dec 1998 A
5849639 Molloy et al. Dec 1998 A
5850105 Dawson et al. Dec 1998 A
5855681 Maydan et al. Jan 1999 A
5855685 Tobe et al. Jan 1999 A
5856240 Sinha et al. Jan 1999 A
5858876 Chew Jan 1999 A
5863376 Wicker Jan 1999 A
5865896 Nowak Feb 1999 A
5866483 Shiau et al. Feb 1999 A
5868897 Ohkawa Feb 1999 A
5872052 Iyer Feb 1999 A
5872058 Van Cleemput et al. Feb 1999 A
5882424 Taylor et al. Mar 1999 A
5882786 Nassau et al. Mar 1999 A
5883012 Chiou Mar 1999 A
5885404 Kim et al. Mar 1999 A
5885749 Huggins et al. Mar 1999 A
5888906 Sandhu et al. Mar 1999 A
5891349 Tobe et al. Apr 1999 A
5891513 Dubin et al. Apr 1999 A
5897751 Makowiecki Apr 1999 A
5899752 Hey et al. May 1999 A
5900163 Yi et al. May 1999 A
5904827 Reynolds May 1999 A
5907790 Kellam May 1999 A
5910340 Uchida et al. Jun 1999 A
5913147 Dubin et al. Jun 1999 A
5913978 Kato et al. Jun 1999 A
5915190 Pirkle Jun 1999 A
5918116 Chittipeddi Jun 1999 A
5919332 Koshiishi et al. Jul 1999 A
5920792 Lin Jul 1999 A
5926737 Ameen et al. Jul 1999 A
5928528 Kubota et al. Jul 1999 A
5932077 Reynolds Aug 1999 A
5933757 Yoshikawa et al. Aug 1999 A
5935334 Fong et al. Aug 1999 A
5935340 Xia et al. Aug 1999 A
5937323 Orczyk et al. Aug 1999 A
5939831 Fong et al. Aug 1999 A
5942075 Nagahata et al. Aug 1999 A
5944049 Beyer et al. Aug 1999 A
5944902 Redeker et al. Aug 1999 A
5948702 Rotondaro Sep 1999 A
5951601 Lesinski et al. Sep 1999 A
5951776 Selyutin et al. Sep 1999 A
5951896 Mahawill Sep 1999 A
5953591 Ishihara et al. Sep 1999 A
5953635 Andideh Sep 1999 A
5963840 Xia et al. Oct 1999 A
5968379 Zhao et al. Oct 1999 A
5968587 Frankel et al. Oct 1999 A
5968610 Liu et al. Oct 1999 A
5969422 Ting et al. Oct 1999 A
5976327 Tanaka Nov 1999 A
5982100 Ghanbari Nov 1999 A
5990000 Hong et al. Nov 1999 A
5990013 Berenguer et al. Nov 1999 A
5993916 Zhao et al. Nov 1999 A
5994209 Yieh et al. Nov 1999 A
5997649 Hillman Dec 1999 A
5997962 Ogasawara et al. Dec 1999 A
6004884 Abraham Dec 1999 A
6007635 Mahawill Dec 1999 A
6007785 Liou Dec 1999 A
6010962 Liu et al. Jan 2000 A
6013191 Nasser-Faili et al. Jan 2000 A
6013584 M'Saad Jan 2000 A
6015724 Yamazaki et al. Jan 2000 A
6015747 Lopatin et al. Jan 2000 A
6017414 Koemtzopoulos et al. Jan 2000 A
6019848 Kiyama et al. Feb 2000 A
6020271 Yanagida Feb 2000 A
6030666 Lam et al. Feb 2000 A
6030881 Papasouliotis et al. Feb 2000 A
6035101 Sajoto et al. Mar 2000 A
6036878 Collins Mar 2000 A
6037018 Jang et al. Mar 2000 A
6037266 Tao et al. Mar 2000 A
6039834 Tanaka et al. Mar 2000 A
6039851 Iyer Mar 2000 A
6053982 Halpin et al. Apr 2000 A
6059643 Hu et al. May 2000 A
6063683 Wu et al. May 2000 A
6063712 Gilton et al. May 2000 A
6065424 Shacham-Diamand et al. May 2000 A
6065425 Takaki et al. May 2000 A
6072147 Koshiishi Jun 2000 A
6072227 Yau et al. Jun 2000 A
6074512 Collins Jun 2000 A
6074514 Bjorkman et al. Jun 2000 A
6077384 Collins Jun 2000 A
6077386 Smith, Jr. et al. Jun 2000 A
6077780 Dubin Jun 2000 A
6079356 Umotoy et al. Jun 2000 A
6080529 Ye et al. Jun 2000 A
6081414 Flanigan et al. Jun 2000 A
6083344 Hanawa et al. Jul 2000 A
6083844 Bui-Le et al. Jul 2000 A
6086677 Umotoy et al. Jul 2000 A
6087278 Kim et al. Jul 2000 A
6090212 Mahawill Jul 2000 A
6093457 Okumura Jul 2000 A
6093594 Yeap et al. Jul 2000 A
6099697 Hausmann Aug 2000 A
6107199 Allen et al. Aug 2000 A
6110530 Chen et al. Aug 2000 A
6110832 Morgan et al. Aug 2000 A
6110836 Cohen et al. Aug 2000 A
6110838 Loewenstein Aug 2000 A
6113771 Landau et al. Sep 2000 A
6114216 Yieh et al. Sep 2000 A
6117245 Mandrekar et al. Sep 2000 A
6120640 Shih et al. Sep 2000 A
6124003 Mikami et al. Sep 2000 A
6126753 Shinriki et al. Oct 2000 A
6132512 Horie et al. Oct 2000 A
6136163 Cheung et al. Oct 2000 A
6136165 Moslehi Oct 2000 A
6136685 Narwankar et al. Oct 2000 A
6136693 Chan et al. Oct 2000 A
6140234 Uzoh et al. Oct 2000 A
6144099 Lopatin et al. Nov 2000 A
6147009 Grill et al. Nov 2000 A
6148761 Majewski et al. Nov 2000 A
6149828 Vaartstra Nov 2000 A
6150628 Smith et al. Nov 2000 A
6153935 Edelstein et al. Nov 2000 A
6161500 Kopacz et al. Dec 2000 A
6161576 Maher et al. Dec 2000 A
6162302 Raghavan et al. Dec 2000 A
6162370 Hackett et al. Dec 2000 A
6165912 McConnell et al. Dec 2000 A
6167834 Wang et al. Jan 2001 B1
6169021 Akram et al. Jan 2001 B1
6170428 Redeker et al. Jan 2001 B1
6171661 Zheng et al. Jan 2001 B1
6174450 Patrick et al. Jan 2001 B1
6174810 Patrick et al. Jan 2001 B1
6174812 Hsuing et al. Jan 2001 B1
6176198 Kao et al. Jan 2001 B1
6176667 Fairbairn Jan 2001 B1
6177245 Ward et al. Jan 2001 B1
6179924 Zhao et al. Jan 2001 B1
6180523 Lee et al. Jan 2001 B1
6182602 Redeker et al. Feb 2001 B1
6182603 Shang et al. Feb 2001 B1
6184121 Buchwalter et al. Feb 2001 B1
6184489 Ito et al. Feb 2001 B1
6186091 Chu et al. Feb 2001 B1
6189483 Ishikawa et al. Feb 2001 B1
6190233 Hong et al. Feb 2001 B1
6194038 Rossman Feb 2001 B1
6197181 Chen Mar 2001 B1
6197364 Paunovic et al. Mar 2001 B1
6197680 Lin et al. Mar 2001 B1
6197688 Simpson Mar 2001 B1
6197705 Vassiliev Mar 2001 B1
6198616 Dahimene et al. Mar 2001 B1
6200412 Kilgore et al. Mar 2001 B1
6203863 Liu et al. Mar 2001 B1
6204200 Shieh et al. Mar 2001 B1
6210486 Mizukami et al. Apr 2001 B1
6217658 Orczyk et al. Apr 2001 B1
6220201 Nowak Apr 2001 B1
6225745 Srivastava May 2001 B1
6228233 Lakshmikanthan et al. May 2001 B1
6228751 Yamazaki et al. May 2001 B1
6228758 Pellerin et al. May 2001 B1
6235643 Mui et al. May 2001 B1
6237527 Kellerman et al. May 2001 B1
6238513 Arnold et al. May 2001 B1
6238582 Williams et al. May 2001 B1
6197151 Kaji et al. Jun 2001 B1
6241845 Gadgil et al. Jun 2001 B1
6242349 Nogami et al. Jun 2001 B1
6242360 Fischer et al. Jun 2001 B1
6244211 Nishikawa et al. Jun 2001 B1
6245396 Nogami Jun 2001 B1
6245670 Cheung et al. Jun 2001 B1
6251236 Stevens Jun 2001 B1
6251802 Moore et al. Jun 2001 B1
6258170 Somekh et al. Jul 2001 B1
6258220 Dordi et al. Jul 2001 B1
6258223 Cheung et al. Jul 2001 B1
6258270 Hilgendorff et al. Jul 2001 B1
6261637 Oberle Jul 2001 B1
6267074 Okumura Jul 2001 B1
6277733 Smith Aug 2001 B1
6277752 Chen Aug 2001 B1
6277763 Kugimiya et al. Aug 2001 B1
6281072 Li et al. Aug 2001 B1
6281135 Han et al. Aug 2001 B1
6284146 Kim et al. Sep 2001 B1
6291282 Wilk et al. Sep 2001 B1
6291348 Lopatin et al. Sep 2001 B1
6302964 Umotoy et al. Oct 2001 B1
6303044 Koemtzopoulos Oct 2001 B1
6303418 Cha et al. Oct 2001 B1
6306246 Melvin et al. Oct 2001 B1
6306772 Lin Oct 2001 B1
6308654 Schneider Oct 2001 B1
6308776 Sloan Oct 2001 B1
6310755 Busato et al. Oct 2001 B1
6312554 Ye Nov 2001 B1
6312995 Yu Nov 2001 B1
6319387 Krishnamoorthy et al. Nov 2001 B1
6321587 Laush Nov 2001 B1
6322716 Qiao et al. Nov 2001 B1
6323128 Sambucetti et al. Nov 2001 B1
6335288 Kwan et al. Jan 2002 B1
6340435 Bjorkman et al. Jan 2002 B1
6342733 Hu et al. Jan 2002 B1
RE37546 Mahawill Feb 2002 E
6344410 Lopatin et al. Feb 2002 B1
6348407 Gupta et al. Feb 2002 B1
6350320 Sherstinsky et al. Feb 2002 B1
6350697 Richardson Feb 2002 B1
6351013 Luning et al. Feb 2002 B1
6352081 Lu et al. Mar 2002 B1
6355573 Okumura Mar 2002 B1
6358827 Chen et al. Mar 2002 B1
6364949 Or et al. Apr 2002 B1
6364954 Umotoy et al. Apr 2002 B2
6364957 Schneider et al. Apr 2002 B1
6375748 Yudovsky et al. Apr 2002 B1
6376386 Oshima Apr 2002 B1
6379575 Yin et al. Apr 2002 B1
6383896 Kirimura et al. May 2002 B1
6383951 Li May 2002 B1
6387207 Janakiraman et al. May 2002 B1
6391753 Yu May 2002 B1
6395150 Van Cleemput et al. May 2002 B1
6403491 Liu et al. Jun 2002 B1
6415736 Hao et al. Jul 2002 B1
6416647 Dordi et al. Jul 2002 B1
6418874 Cox et al. Jul 2002 B1
6423284 Arno Jul 2002 B1
6427623 Ko Aug 2002 B2
6429465 Yagi et al. Aug 2002 B1
6432819 Pavate et al. Aug 2002 B1
6432831 Dhindsa et al. Aug 2002 B2
6436193 Kasai et al. Aug 2002 B1
6436816 Lee et al. Aug 2002 B1
6440863 Tsai et al. Aug 2002 B1
6441492 Cunningham Aug 2002 B1
6446572 Brcka Sep 2002 B1
6447636 Qian Sep 2002 B1
6448537 Nering Sep 2002 B1
6458718 Todd Oct 2002 B1
6461974 Ni et al. Oct 2002 B1
6462371 Weimer et al. Oct 2002 B1
6462372 Xia et al. Oct 2002 B1
6465051 Sahin et al. Oct 2002 B1
6465350 Taylor et al. Oct 2002 B1
6465366 Nemani et al. Oct 2002 B1
6477980 White et al. Nov 2002 B1
6479373 Dreybrodt et al. Nov 2002 B2
6488984 Wada et al. Dec 2002 B1
6494959 Samoilov et al. Dec 2002 B1
6499425 Sandhu et al. Dec 2002 B1
6500728 Wang Dec 2002 B1
6503843 Xia et al. Jan 2003 B1
6506291 Tsai et al. Jan 2003 B2
6509283 Thomas Jan 2003 B1
6509623 Zhao Jan 2003 B2
6516815 Stevens et al. Feb 2003 B1
6518548 Sugaya et al. Feb 2003 B2
6527968 Wang et al. Mar 2003 B1
6528409 Lopatin et al. Mar 2003 B1
6528751 Hoffman et al. Mar 2003 B1
6531069 Srivastava et al. Mar 2003 B1
6537707 Lee Mar 2003 B1
6537733 Campana et al. Mar 2003 B2
6541397 Bencher Apr 2003 B1
6541671 Martinez et al. Apr 2003 B1
6544340 Yudovsky Apr 2003 B2
6547977 Yan et al. Apr 2003 B1
6551924 Dalton et al. Apr 2003 B1
6558564 Loewenhardt May 2003 B1
6565661 Nguyen May 2003 B1
6565729 Chen et al. May 2003 B2
6569773 Gellrich et al. May 2003 B1
6572937 Hakovirta et al. Jun 2003 B2
6573030 Fairbairn et al. Jun 2003 B1
6573606 Sambucetti et al. Jun 2003 B2
6585851 Ohmi et al. Jul 2003 B1
6586163 Okabe et al. Jul 2003 B1
6596599 Guo Jul 2003 B1
6596654 Bayman et al. Jul 2003 B1
6602434 Hung et al. Aug 2003 B1
6602806 Xia et al. Aug 2003 B1
6603269 Vo et al. Aug 2003 B1
6605874 Leu et al. Aug 2003 B2
6616967 Test Sep 2003 B1
6627532 Gaillard et al. Sep 2003 B1
6635575 Xia et al. Oct 2003 B1
6635578 Xu et al. Oct 2003 B1
6638810 Bakli et al. Oct 2003 B2
6645301 Sainty et al. Nov 2003 B2
6645550 Cheung et al. Nov 2003 B1
6656831 Lee et al. Dec 2003 B1
6656837 Xu et al. Dec 2003 B2
6656848 Scanlan et al. Dec 2003 B1
6663715 Yuda et al. Dec 2003 B1
6673200 Gu et al. Jan 2004 B1
6677242 Liu et al. Jan 2004 B1
6679981 Pan et al. Jan 2004 B1
6688375 Turner Feb 2004 B1
6713356 Skotnicki et al. Mar 2004 B1
6713835 Horak et al. Mar 2004 B1
6717189 Inoue et al. Apr 2004 B2
6720213 Gambino et al. Apr 2004 B1
6736147 Satoh et al. May 2004 B2
6736987 Cho May 2004 B1
6740247 Han et al. May 2004 B1
6740585 Yoon et al. May 2004 B2
6740977 Ahn et al. May 2004 B2
6743473 Parkhe et al. Jun 2004 B1
6743732 Lin et al. Jun 2004 B1
6756235 Liu et al. Jun 2004 B1
6759261 Shimokohbe et al. Jul 2004 B2
6762127 Boiteux et al. Jul 2004 B2
6762435 Towle Jul 2004 B2
6764958 Nemani et al. Jul 2004 B1
6765273 Chau et al. Jul 2004 B1
6767834 Chung et al. Jul 2004 B2
6768079 Kosakai Jul 2004 B2
6770166 Fisher Aug 2004 B1
6772827 Keller et al. Aug 2004 B2
6792889 Nakano et al. Sep 2004 B2
6794290 Papasouliotis et al. Sep 2004 B1
6794311 Huang et al. Sep 2004 B2
6796314 Graff et al. Sep 2004 B1
6797189 Hung et al. Sep 2004 B2
6800336 Fornsel et al. Oct 2004 B1
6800830 Mahawili Oct 2004 B2
6802944 Ahmad et al. Oct 2004 B2
6808564 Dietze Oct 2004 B2
6808747 Shih et al. Oct 2004 B1
6808748 Kapoor et al. Oct 2004 B2
6815633 Chen et al. Nov 2004 B1
6821571 Huang Nov 2004 B2
6823589 White et al. Nov 2004 B2
6828241 Kholodenko et al. Dec 2004 B2
6830624 Janakiraman et al. Dec 2004 B2
6835995 Li Dec 2004 B2
6846745 Papasouliotis et al. Jan 2005 B1
6849854 Sainty Feb 2005 B2
6852550 Tuttle et al. Feb 2005 B2
6852584 Chen et al. Feb 2005 B1
6853533 Parkhe et al. Feb 2005 B2
6858153 Bjorkman et al. Feb 2005 B2
6861097 Goosey et al. Mar 2005 B1
6861332 Park et al. Mar 2005 B2
6869880 Krishnaraj et al. Mar 2005 B2
6875280 Ikeda et al. Apr 2005 B2
6878206 Tzu et al. Apr 2005 B2
6879981 Rothschild et al. Apr 2005 B2
6886491 Kim et al. May 2005 B2
6892669 Xu et al. May 2005 B2
6893967 Wright et al. May 2005 B1
6897532 Schwarz et al. May 2005 B1
6900596 Yang et al. May 2005 B2
6903511 Chistyakov Jun 2005 B2
6908862 Li et al. Jun 2005 B2
6911112 An Jun 2005 B2
6911401 Khandan et al. Jun 2005 B2
6916399 Rozenzon Jul 2005 B1
6921556 Shimizu et al. Jul 2005 B2
6924191 Liu et al. Aug 2005 B2
6930047 Yamazaki Aug 2005 B2
6935269 Lee et al. Aug 2005 B2
6942753 Choi et al. Sep 2005 B2
6946033 Tsuel et al. Sep 2005 B2
6951821 Hamelin et al. Oct 2005 B2
6958175 Sakamoto et al. Oct 2005 B2
6958286 Chen et al. Oct 2005 B2
6969619 Winniczek Nov 2005 B1
6972840 Gu et al. Dec 2005 B1
6995073 Liou Feb 2006 B2
7017269 White et al. Mar 2006 B2
7018941 Cui et al. Mar 2006 B2
7030034 Fucsko et al. Apr 2006 B2
7037846 Srivastava et al. May 2006 B2
7049200 Arghavani et al. May 2006 B2
7052553 Shih et al. May 2006 B1
7071532 Geffken et al. Jul 2006 B2
7084070 Lee et al. Aug 2006 B1
7115525 Abatchev et al. Oct 2006 B2
7122949 Strikovski Oct 2006 B2
7138767 Chen et al. Nov 2006 B2
7145725 Hasel et al. Dec 2006 B2
7148155 Tarafdar et al. Dec 2006 B1
7166233 Johnson et al. Jan 2007 B2
7183214 Nam et al. Feb 2007 B2
7196342 Ershov et al. Mar 2007 B2
7226805 Hallin et al. Jun 2007 B2
7235137 Kitayama et al. Jun 2007 B2
7244474 Hanawa et al. Jul 2007 B2
7252011 Traverso Aug 2007 B2
7252716 Kim et al. Aug 2007 B2
7253123 Arghavani et al. Aug 2007 B2
7256370 Guiver Aug 2007 B2
7274004 Benjamin et al. Sep 2007 B2
7288482 Panda et al. Oct 2007 B2
7291360 Hanawa et al. Nov 2007 B2
7297894 Tsukamoto Nov 2007 B1
7316761 Doan et al. Jan 2008 B2
7329608 Babayan et al. Feb 2008 B2
7341633 Lubomirsky et al. Mar 2008 B2
7344912 Okoroanyanwu Mar 2008 B1
7358192 Merry et al. Apr 2008 B2
7361865 Maki et al. Apr 2008 B2
7364956 Saito Apr 2008 B2
7365016 Ouellet et al. Apr 2008 B2
7396480 Kao et al. Jul 2008 B2
7396773 Blosse et al. Jul 2008 B1
7416989 Liu et al. Aug 2008 B1
7465358 Weidman et al. Dec 2008 B2
7465953 Koh et al. Dec 2008 B1
7468319 Lee Dec 2008 B2
7479303 Byun et al. Jan 2009 B2
7484473 Keller et al. Feb 2009 B2
7488688 Chung et al. Feb 2009 B2
7494545 Lam et al. Feb 2009 B2
7500445 Zhao et al. Mar 2009 B2
7504040 Lijima et al. Mar 2009 B2
7513214 Okumura et al. Apr 2009 B2
7520957 Kao et al. Apr 2009 B2
7553756 Hayashi et al. Jun 2009 B2
7575007 Tang et al. Aug 2009 B2
7581511 Mardian et al. Sep 2009 B2
7604708 Wood et al. Oct 2009 B2
7611980 Wells Nov 2009 B2
7628897 Mungekar et al. Dec 2009 B2
7658799 Ishikawa et al. Feb 2010 B2
7682518 Chandrachood et al. Mar 2010 B2
7695590 Hanawa et al. Apr 2010 B2
7708859 Huang et al. May 2010 B2
7722925 White et al. May 2010 B2
7723221 Hayashi May 2010 B2
7749326 Kim et al. Jul 2010 B2
7780790 Nogami Aug 2010 B2
7785672 Choi et al. Aug 2010 B2
7790634 Munro et al. Sep 2010 B2
7806077 Lee et al. Oct 2010 B2
7806078 Yoshida Oct 2010 B2
7807578 Bencher et al. Oct 2010 B2
7825038 Ingle et al. Nov 2010 B2
7837828 Ikeda et al. Nov 2010 B2
7845309 Condrashoff et al. Dec 2010 B2
7867926 Satoh et al. Jan 2011 B2
7906818 Pekny Mar 2011 B2
7915139 Lang et al. Mar 2011 B1
7922863 Ripley Apr 2011 B2
7932181 Singh et al. Apr 2011 B2
7939422 Ingle et al. May 2011 B2
7968441 Xu Jun 2011 B2
7976631 Burrows Jul 2011 B2
7977249 Liu Jul 2011 B1
7981806 Jung Jul 2011 B2
7989365 Park et al. Aug 2011 B2
8008166 Sanchez et al. Aug 2011 B2
8048811 Feustel et al. Nov 2011 B2
8058179 Draeger et al. Nov 2011 B1
8071482 Kawada Dec 2011 B2
8074599 Choi et al. Dec 2011 B2
8076198 Lee et al. Dec 2011 B2
8083853 Choi et al. Dec 2011 B2
8114245 Ohmi et al. Feb 2012 B2
8119530 Hori et al. Feb 2012 B2
8133349 Panagopoulos Mar 2012 B1
8173228 Choi et al. May 2012 B2
8183134 Wu May 2012 B2
8187486 Liu et al. May 2012 B1
8199454 Koyama et al. Jun 2012 B2
8211808 Sapre et al. Jul 2012 B2
8216486 Dhindsa Jul 2012 B2
8222128 Sasaki et al. Jul 2012 B2
8252194 Kiehlbauch et al. Aug 2012 B2
8272346 Bettencourt et al. Sep 2012 B2
8295089 Jeong et al. Oct 2012 B2
8298627 Minami et al. Oct 2012 B2
8298959 Cheshire Oct 2012 B2
8309440 Sanchez et al. Nov 2012 B2
8312839 Baek Nov 2012 B2
8313610 Dhindsa Nov 2012 B2
8328939 Choi et al. Dec 2012 B2
8329262 Miller et al. Dec 2012 B2
8336188 Monteen Dec 2012 B2
8343306 Tanaka et al. Jan 2013 B2
8357435 Lubomirsky Jan 2013 B2
8361892 Tam et al. Jan 2013 B2
8368308 Banna et al. Feb 2013 B2
8390980 Sansoni et al. Mar 2013 B2
8427067 Espiau et al. Apr 2013 B2
8435902 Tang et al. May 2013 B2
8440523 Guillorn et al. May 2013 B1
8466073 Wang et al. Jun 2013 B2
8475674 Thadani et al. Jul 2013 B2
8480850 Tyler et al. Jul 2013 B2
8491805 Kushibiki et al. Jul 2013 B2
8501629 Tang et al. Aug 2013 B2
8506713 Takagi Aug 2013 B2
8512509 Bera et al. Aug 2013 B2
8528889 Sansoni et al. Sep 2013 B2
8540844 Hudson et al. Sep 2013 B2
8551891 Liang Oct 2013 B2
8573152 De La Llera Nov 2013 B2
8622021 Taylor et al. Jan 2014 B2
8623471 Tyler et al. Jan 2014 B2
8633423 Lin et al. Jan 2014 B2
8642481 Wang et al. Feb 2014 B2
8652298 Dhindsa et al. Feb 2014 B2
8668836 Mizukami et al. Mar 2014 B2
8679354 O'Hara Mar 2014 B2
8679982 Wang et al. Mar 2014 B2
8679983 Wang et al. Mar 2014 B2
8691023 Bao et al. Apr 2014 B2
8702902 Blom et al. Apr 2014 B2
8741778 Yang et al. Jun 2014 B2
8747610 Chen et al. Jun 2014 B2
8747680 Deshpande Jun 2014 B1
8748322 Fung et al. Jun 2014 B1
8765574 Zhang et al. Jul 2014 B2
8771536 Zhang et al. Jul 2014 B2
8771539 Zhang et al. Jul 2014 B2
8772888 Jung et al. Jul 2014 B2
8778079 Begarney et al. Jul 2014 B2
8801952 Wang et al. Aug 2014 B1
8802572 Nemani et al. Aug 2014 B2
8808563 Wang et al. Aug 2014 B2
8815720 Godet et al. Aug 2014 B2
8835316 Yin et al. Sep 2014 B2
8846163 Kao et al. Sep 2014 B2
8869742 Dhindsa Oct 2014 B2
8871651 Choi et al. Oct 2014 B1
8888087 Okabe et al. Nov 2014 B2
8894767 Goradia et al. Nov 2014 B2
8895449 Zhu et al. Nov 2014 B1
8900364 Wright Dec 2014 B2
8921234 Liu et al. Dec 2014 B2
8927390 Sapre et al. Jan 2015 B2
8932947 Han et al. Jan 2015 B1
8937017 Cheshire et al. Jan 2015 B2
8945414 Su et al. Feb 2015 B1
8946665 Shim et al. Feb 2015 B2
8946828 Sun et al. Feb 2015 B2
8951429 Liu et al. Feb 2015 B1
8956980 Chen et al. Feb 2015 B1
8969212 Ren et al. Mar 2015 B2
8970114 Busche Mar 2015 B2
8980005 Carlson et al. Mar 2015 B2
8980758 Ling et al. Mar 2015 B1
8980763 Wang et al. Mar 2015 B2
8992723 Sorensen et al. Mar 2015 B2
8999656 Jirstrom et al. Apr 2015 B2
8999839 Su et al. Apr 2015 B2
8999856 Zhang et al. Apr 2015 B2
9012302 Sapre et al. Apr 2015 B2
9017481 Pettinger et al. Apr 2015 B1
9023732 Wang et al. May 2015 B2
9023734 Chen et al. May 2015 B2
9034770 Park et al. May 2015 B2
9040422 Wang et al. May 2015 B2
9064815 Zhang et al. Jun 2015 B2
9064816 Kim et al. Jun 2015 B2
9068265 Lubomirsky et al. Jun 2015 B2
9072158 Ikeda et al. Jun 2015 B2
9093371 Wang et al. Jul 2015 B2
9093389 Nemani Jul 2015 B2
9093390 Wang et al. Jul 2015 B2
9111877 Chen et al. Aug 2015 B2
9111907 Kamineni Aug 2015 B2
9114438 Hoinkis et al. Aug 2015 B2
9117855 Cho et al. Aug 2015 B2
9132436 Liang et al. Sep 2015 B2
9136273 Purayath et al. Sep 2015 B1
9144147 Yang et al. Sep 2015 B2
9153442 Wang et al. Oct 2015 B2
9159606 Purayath et al. Oct 2015 B1
9165783 Nemani et al. Oct 2015 B2
9165786 Purayath et al. Oct 2015 B1
9184055 Wang et al. Nov 2015 B2
9190290 Xue et al. Nov 2015 B2
9190293 Wang et al. Nov 2015 B2
9190302 Ni Nov 2015 B2
9202708 Chen et al. Dec 2015 B1
9209012 Chen et al. Dec 2015 B2
9236265 Korolik et al. Jan 2016 B2
9236266 Zhang et al. Jan 2016 B2
9240315 Hsieh et al. Jan 2016 B1
9245762 Zhang et al. Jan 2016 B2
9263278 Purayath et al. Feb 2016 B2
9269590 Luere et al. Feb 2016 B2
9275834 Park et al. Mar 2016 B1
9281384 Takeguchi Mar 2016 B2
9287095 Nguyen et al. Mar 2016 B2
9287134 Wang et al. Mar 2016 B2
9293568 Ko Mar 2016 B2
9299537 Kobayashi et al. Mar 2016 B2
9299538 Kobayashi et al. Mar 2016 B2
9299575 Park et al. Mar 2016 B2
9299582 Ingle et al. Mar 2016 B2
9299583 Wang et al. Mar 2016 B1
9309598 Wang et al. Apr 2016 B2
9324576 Zhang et al. Apr 2016 B2
9343272 Pandit et al. May 2016 B1
9343327 Zhange et al. May 2016 B2
9349605 Xu et al. May 2016 B1
9355856 Wang et al. May 2016 B2
9355862 Pandit et al. May 2016 B2
9355863 Chen et al. May 2016 B2
9355922 Park et al. May 2016 B2
9362130 Ingle et al. Jun 2016 B2
9362163 Danek et al. Jun 2016 B2
9368364 Park et al. Jun 2016 B2
9373517 Yang et al. Jun 2016 B2
9373522 Wang et al. Jun 2016 B1
9378969 Hsu et al. Jun 2016 B2
9378978 Purayath et al. Jun 2016 B2
9384997 Ren et al. Jul 2016 B2
9385028 Nemani et al. Jul 2016 B2
9390937 Chen et al. Jul 2016 B2
9396961 Arghavani et al. Jul 2016 B2
9396989 Purayath et al. Jul 2016 B2
9406523 Chen et al. Aug 2016 B2
9412608 Wang et al. Aug 2016 B2
9412752 Yeh et al. Aug 2016 B1
9418858 Wang et al. Aug 2016 B2
9425041 Berry et al. Aug 2016 B2
9425058 Kim et al. Aug 2016 B2
9431268 Lill et al. Aug 2016 B2
9431414 Jang et al. Aug 2016 B2
9343358 Montgomery Sep 2016 B1
9437451 Chen et al. Sep 2016 B2
9443749 Smith Sep 2016 B2
9449845 Liu et al. Sep 2016 B2
9449846 Liu et al. Sep 2016 B2
9449850 Wang et al. Sep 2016 B2
9460959 Xie et al. Oct 2016 B1
9466469 Khaja Oct 2016 B2
9472412 Zhang et al. Oct 2016 B2
9472417 Ingle et al. Oct 2016 B2
9478432 Chen et al. Oct 2016 B2
9478433 Zhou et al. Oct 2016 B1
9478434 Wang et al. Oct 2016 B2
9493879 Hoinkis et al. Nov 2016 B2
9496167 Purayath et al. Nov 2016 B2
9499898 Nguyen et al. Nov 2016 B2
9502258 Xue et al. Nov 2016 B2
9508529 Valcore et al. Nov 2016 B2
9520303 Wang et al. Dec 2016 B2
9543163 Ling et al. Jan 2017 B2
9564296 Kobayashi et al. Feb 2017 B2
9564338 Zhang et al. Feb 2017 B1
9576788 Liu et al. Feb 2017 B2
9576809 Korolik et al. Feb 2017 B2
9607856 Wang et al. Mar 2017 B2
9613822 Chen et al. Apr 2017 B2
9659753 Cho et al. May 2017 B2
9659791 Wang et al. May 2017 B2
9659792 Wang et al. May 2017 B2
9666449 Koval et al. May 2017 B2
9691645 Ayers Jun 2017 B2
9704723 Wang et al. Jul 2017 B2
9711366 Ingle et al. Jul 2017 B2
9721789 Yang et al. Aug 2017 B1
9728437 Tran et al. Aug 2017 B2
9741593 Benjaminson et al. Aug 2017 B2
9754800 Zhang et al. Sep 2017 B2
9768034 Xu et al. Sep 2017 B1
9773648 Cho et al. Sep 2017 B2
9773695 Purayath et al. Sep 2017 B2
9779956 Zhang et al. Oct 2017 B1
9812462 Pang et al. Nov 2017 B1
9822009 Kagaya et al. Nov 2017 B2
9831097 Ingle et al. Nov 2017 B2
9837249 Kobayashi et al. Dec 2017 B2
9837284 Chen et al. Dec 2017 B2
9837286 Yang et al. Dec 2017 B2
9842744 Zhang et al. Dec 2017 B2
9865484 Citla et al. Jan 2018 B1
9881805 Li et al. Jan 2018 B2
9885117 Lubomirsky et al. Feb 2018 B2
9887096 Park et al. Feb 2018 B2
9903020 Kim et al. Feb 2018 B2
9934942 Lubomirsky Apr 2018 B1
9941097 Yamazawa Apr 2018 B2
9947549 Park et al. Apr 2018 B1
9960045 Purayath et al. May 2018 B1
9966240 Park et al. May 2018 B2
9978564 Liang et al. May 2018 B2
9991134 Wang et al. Jun 2018 B2
10026621 Ko et al. Jul 2018 B2
10032606 Yang et al. Jul 2018 B2
10043674 Korolik et al. Aug 2018 B1
10043684 Arnepalli et al. Aug 2018 B1
10049891 Wang et al. Aug 2018 B1
10062578 Zhang et al. Aug 2018 B2
10062579 Chen et al. Aug 2018 B2
10062585 Lubomirsky Aug 2018 B2
10062587 Chen et al. Aug 2018 B2
10083830 Seino et al. Sep 2018 B2
10147620 Benjaminson et al. Dec 2018 B2
10147736 Linuma Dec 2018 B2
10224180 Lubomirsky Mar 2019 B2
10269541 Stowell Apr 2019 B2
10319739 Purayath Jun 2019 B2
20010003014 Yuda Jun 2001 A1
20010006093 Tabuchi Jul 2001 A1
20010008803 Takamatsu et al. Jul 2001 A1
20010015175 Masuda et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010015261 Kobayashi et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010023741 Collison et al. Sep 2001 A1
20010028093 Yamazaki et al. Oct 2001 A1
20010028922 Sandhu Oct 2001 A1
20010029891 Oh et al. Oct 2001 A1
20010030366 Nakano et al. Oct 2001 A1
20010034106 Moise et al. Oct 2001 A1
20010034121 Fu et al. Oct 2001 A1
20010035124 Okayama et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010036706 Kitamura Nov 2001 A1
20010037856 Park Nov 2001 A1
20010037941 Thompson Nov 2001 A1
20010039921 Rolfson et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010042512 Xu et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010042799 Kim et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010047760 Moslehi Dec 2001 A1
20010053585 Kikuchi et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010053610 Athavale Dec 2001 A1
20010054381 Umotoy et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010054387 Frankel et al. Dec 2001 A1
20020000202 Yuda et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020001778 Latchford et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020009560 Ozono Jan 2002 A1
20020009885 Brankner et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020011210 Satoh et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020011214 Kamarehi et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020016080 Khan et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020016085 Huang et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020023899 Khater et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020028582 Nallan et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020028585 Chung et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020029747 Powell et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020033233 Savas Mar 2002 A1
20020036143 Segawa et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020040764 Kwan et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020040766 Takahashi Apr 2002 A1
20020042192 Tanaka et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020043690 Doyle et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020045966 Lee et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020046991 Smith et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020054962 Huang May 2002 A1
20020062954 Getchel et al. May 2002 A1
20020069820 Yudovsky Jun 2002 A1
20020070414 Drescher et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020073925 Noble et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020074573 Takeuchi et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020075624 Wang et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020086501 O'Donnell et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020090781 Skotnicki et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020090835 Chakravarti et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020094378 O'Donnell Jul 2002 A1
20020094591 Sill et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020096493 Hattori Jul 2002 A1
20020098681 Hu et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020106845 Chao et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020112819 Kamarehi et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020124867 Kim et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020129769 Kim et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020129902 Babayan et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020144657 Chiang et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020153808 Skotnicki et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020164885 Lill et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020170678 Hayashi et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020177322 Li et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020179248 Kabansky et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020182878 Hirose et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020187280 Johnson et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020187655 Tan et al. Dec 2002 A1
20020197823 Yoo et al. Dec 2002 A1
20030000647 Yudovsky et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030003757 Naltan et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030007910 Lazarovich et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030010645 Ting et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030015515 Ito et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030019428 Ku et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030019580 Strang Jan 2003 A1
20030026060 Hiramatsu et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030029566 Roth Feb 2003 A1
20030029567 Dhindsa et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030029715 Yu et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030031905 Saito et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030032284 Enomoto et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030038127 Liu et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030038305 Wasshuber Feb 2003 A1
20030054608 Tseng et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030066482 Pokharna et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030071035 Brailove Apr 2003 A1
20030072639 White et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030075808 Inoue et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030077857 Xia et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030077909 Jiwari Apr 2003 A1
20030079686 Chen et al. May 2003 A1
20030087488 Fink May 2003 A1
20030087531 Kang et al. May 2003 A1
20030091938 Fairbairn et al. May 2003 A1
20030094134 Minami et al. May 2003 A1
20030098125 An May 2003 A1
20030109143 Hsieh et al. Jun 2003 A1
20030116087 Nguyen et al. Jun 2003 A1
20030116439 Seo et al. Jun 2003 A1
20030121608 Chen et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030121609 Ohmi et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030124465 Lee et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030124842 Hytros et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030127049 Han et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030127740 Hsu et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030129106 Sorensen et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030129827 Lee et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030132319 Hytros et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030136520 Yudovsky et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030140844 Maa et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030143328 Chen et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030148035 Lingampalli Aug 2003 A1
20030150530 Lin et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030152691 Baude Aug 2003 A1
20030159307 Sago et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030164226 Kanno et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030168439 Kanno et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030170945 Igeta et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030173333 Wang et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030173347 Guiver Sep 2003 A1
20030173675 Watanabe Sep 2003 A1
20030181040 Ivanov et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030183244 Rossman Oct 2003 A1
20030190426 Padhi et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030196760 Tyler et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030199170 Li Oct 2003 A1
20030200929 Otsuki Oct 2003 A1
20030205329 Gujer et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030205479 Lin et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030209323 Yokogaki et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030215570 Seutter et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030215963 AmRhein et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030216044 Lin et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030221780 Lei et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030224217 Byun et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030224617 Baek et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030230385 Bach et al. Dec 2003 A1
20040002221 O'Donnell et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040003828 Jackson Jan 2004 A1
20040005726 Huang Jan 2004 A1
20040018304 Chung et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040020801 Solling Feb 2004 A1
20040026371 Nguyen et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040033678 Arghavani et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040033684 Li Feb 2004 A1
20040050328 Kumagai et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040058070 Takeuchi et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040058293 Nguyen et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040060514 Janakiraman et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040061447 Saigusa et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040069225 Fairbairn et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040070346 Choi Apr 2004 A1
20040072446 Liu et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040076529 Gnauck et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040083967 Yuda et al. May 2004 A1
20040087139 Yeh et al. May 2004 A1
20040092063 Okumura et al. May 2004 A1
20040099285 Wange et al. May 2004 A1
20040099378 Kim et al. May 2004 A1
20040101667 O'Loughlin et al. May 2004 A1
20040103844 Chou et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040107908 Collins et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040108067 Fischione et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040108068 Senzaki et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040115876 Goundar et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040115947 Fink et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040124280 Shih et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040129671 Ji et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040137161 Segawa et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040140053 Srivastava et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040144311 Chen et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040144490 Zhao et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040147126 Yamashita et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040149223 Collison et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040149387 Kim Aug 2004 A1
20040149394 Doan et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040152342 Li Aug 2004 A1
20040154535 Chen et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040157444 Chiu Aug 2004 A1
20040161921 Ryu Aug 2004 A1
20040163601 Kadotani et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040175913 Johnson et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040175929 Schmitt et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040182315 Laflamme et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040187787 Dawson Sep 2004 A1
20040192032 Ohmori et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040194799 Kim et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040195208 Pavel et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040195216 Strang Oct 2004 A1
20040200499 Harvey Oct 2004 A1
20040211357 Gadgil et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040219723 Peng et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040219737 Quon Nov 2004 A1
20040219789 Wood et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040221809 Ohmi et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040231706 Bhatnagar et al. Nov 2004 A1
20040237897 Hanawa et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040238123 Becknell et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040259367 Constantine et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040263827 Xu Dec 2004 A1
20050000430 Jang et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050000432 Keller et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050001276 Gao et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050003676 Ho et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050009340 Saijo et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050009358 Choi et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050026430 Kim et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050026431 Kazumi et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050035455 Hu et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050039679 Kleshock Feb 2005 A1
20050051094 Schaepkens et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050054167 Choi et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050056218 Sun et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050073051 Yamamoto et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050079706 Kumar et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050087517 Ott et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050090078 Ishihara Apr 2005 A1
20050090120 Hasegawa et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050098111 Shimizu et al. May 2005 A1
20050103267 Hur et al. May 2005 A1
20050105991 Hofmeister et al. May 2005 A1
20050109279 Suzuki May 2005 A1
20050112876 Wu May 2005 A1
20050112901 Ji et al. May 2005 A1
20050123690 Derderian et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050133849 Jeon et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050136188 Chang Jun 2005 A1
20050145341 Suzuki Jul 2005 A1
20050164479 Perng et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050167394 Liu et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050176258 Hirose et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050178746 Gorin Aug 2005 A1
20050181588 Kim Aug 2005 A1
20050183666 Tsuji et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050194094 Yasaka Sep 2005 A1
20050196967 Savas et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050199489 Stevens et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050205110 Kao et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050205862 Koemtzopoulos et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050208215 Eguchi et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050208217 Shinriki et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050214477 Hanawa et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050217582 Kim et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050218507 Kao et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050219786 Brown et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050221552 Kao et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050224181 Merry et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050229848 Shinriki et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050230350 Kao et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050236694 Wu et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050238807 Lin et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050239282 Chen et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050241763 Huang et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050251990 Choi et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050266622 Arghavani et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050266650 Ahn et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050266691 Gu et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050269030 Kent et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050274324 Takahashi et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050279454 Snijders Dec 2005 A1
20050283321 Yue et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050287688 Won et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050287755 Bachmann Dec 2005 A1
20050287771 Seamons et al. Dec 2005 A1
20060000802 Kumar et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060000805 Todorow et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060005856 Sun et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060005930 Ikeda et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060006057 Laermer Jan 2006 A1
20060008676 Ebata et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060011298 Lim et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060011299 Condrashoff et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060016783 Wu et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060019456 Bu et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060019477 Hanawa et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060019486 Yu et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060021574 Armour et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060021701 Tobe et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060021703 Umotoy et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060024954 Wu et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060024956 Zhijian et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060033678 Lubomirsky et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060040055 Nguyen et al. Feb 2006 A1
20060043066 Kamp Mar 2006 A1
20060046412 Nguyen et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060046419 Sandhu et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060046470 Becknell Mar 2006 A1
20060051966 Or et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060051968 Joshi et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060054184 Mozetic et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060054280 Jang Mar 2006 A1
20060057828 Omura et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060060942 Minixhofer et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060065629 Chen et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060073349 Aihara et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060076108 Holland et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060087644 McMillin et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060090700 Satoh et al. May 2006 A1
20060093756 Rajagopalan et al. May 2006 A1
20060097397 Russell et al. May 2006 A1
20060102076 Smith et al. May 2006 A1
20060102587 Kimura May 2006 A1
20060113038 Gondhalekar et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060118178 Desbiolles et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060118240 Holber et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060121724 Yue et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060124151 Yamasaki et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060124242 Kanarik et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060130971 Chang et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060151115 Kim et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060157449 Takahashi et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060162661 Jung et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060166107 Chen et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060166515 Karim et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060169327 Shajii et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060169410 Maeda et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060178008 Yeh et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060183270 Humpston Aug 2006 A1
20060185592 Matsuura Aug 2006 A1
20060191479 Mizukami et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060191637 Zajac et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060207504 Hasebe et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060207595 Ohmi et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060207971 Moriya et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060210713 Brcka Sep 2006 A1
20060210723 Ishizaka Sep 2006 A1
20060215347 Wakabayashi et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060216878 Lee Sep 2006 A1
20060219360 Iwasaki Oct 2006 A1
20060222481 Foree Oct 2006 A1
20060226121 Aoi Oct 2006 A1
20060228889 Edelberg et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060240661 Annapragada et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060244107 Sugihara Nov 2006 A1
20060245852 Iwabuchi Nov 2006 A1
20060246217 Weidman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060251800 Weidman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060251801 Weidman et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060252252 Zhu et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060252265 Jin et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060254716 Mosden et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060260750 Rueger Nov 2006 A1
20060261490 Su et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060264043 Stewart et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060266288 Choi Nov 2006 A1
20060286774 Singh et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060289384 Pavel et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060292846 Pinto et al. Dec 2006 A1
20070022952 Ritchie et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070022954 Iizuka et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070025907 Rezeq Feb 2007 A1
20070039548 Johnson Feb 2007 A1
20070048977 Lee et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070051471 Kawaguchi et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070056925 Liu et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070062453 Ishikawa Mar 2007 A1
20070066084 Wajda et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070071888 Shanmugasundram et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070072408 Enomoto et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070077737 Kobayashi Apr 2007 A1
20070079758 Holland et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070090325 Hwang et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070099428 Shamiryan et al. May 2007 A1
20070099431 Li May 2007 A1
20070099438 Ye et al. May 2007 A1
20070107750 Sawin et al. May 2007 A1
20070108404 Stewart et al. May 2007 A1
20070111519 Lubomirsky et al. May 2007 A1
20070117396 Wu et al. May 2007 A1
20070119370 Ma et al. May 2007 A1
20070119371 Ma et al. May 2007 A1
20070123051 Arghavani et al. May 2007 A1
20070128864 Ma Jun 2007 A1
20070131274 Stollwerck et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070145023 Holber et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070154838 Lee Jul 2007 A1
20070163440 Kim et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070169703 Elliot et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070175861 Hwang et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070181057 Lam et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070193515 Jeon et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070197028 Byun et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070207275 Nowak et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070212288 Holst Sep 2007 A1
20070221620 Sakthivel et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070227554 Satoh et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070231109 Pak et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070232071 Balseanu et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070235134 Limuro Oct 2007 A1
20070235136 Enomoto et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070238199 Yamashita Oct 2007 A1
20070238321 Futase et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070243685 Jiang et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070243714 Shin et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070254169 Kamins et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070258186 Matyushkin et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070259467 Tweet et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070264820 Liu Nov 2007 A1
20070266946 Choi Nov 2007 A1
20070277734 Lubomirsky et al. Dec 2007 A1
20070280816 Kurita Dec 2007 A1
20070281106 Lubomirsky Dec 2007 A1
20070284044 Matsumoto et al. Dec 2007 A1
20070287292 Li et al. Dec 2007 A1
20070296967 Gupta et al. Dec 2007 A1
20080003836 Nishimura et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080011424 Yin et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080017104 Matyushkin et al. Jan 2008 A1
20080020570 Naik Jan 2008 A1
20080029032 Sun et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080035608 Thomas et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080044593 Seo et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080044990 Lee Feb 2008 A1
20080050538 Hirata Feb 2008 A1
20080063810 Park et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080075668 Goldstein Mar 2008 A1
20080081483 Wu Apr 2008 A1
20080085604 Hoshino et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080099147 Myo et al. May 2008 A1
20080099431 Kumar et al. May 2008 A1
20080099876 Seto May 2008 A1
20080100222 Lewington et al. May 2008 A1
20080102570 Fischer et al. May 2008 A1
20080102640 Hassan et al. May 2008 A1
20080102646 Kawaguchi et al. May 2008 A1
20080104782 Hughes May 2008 A1
20080105555 Iwazaki et al. May 2008 A1
20080115726 Ingle et al. May 2008 A1
20080121970 Aritome May 2008 A1
20080124937 Xu et al. May 2008 A1
20080141941 Augustino et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080142831 Su Jun 2008 A1
20080153306 Cho et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080156631 Fair et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080156771 Jeon et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080157225 Datta et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080160210 Yang et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080169588 Shih et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080171407 Nakabayashi et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080173906 Zhu Jul 2008 A1
20080176412 Komeda Jul 2008 A1
20080178797 Fodor et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080178805 Paterson et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080182381 Kiyotoshi Jul 2008 A1
20080182382 Ingle et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080182383 Lee et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080193673 Paterson et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080196666 Toshima Aug 2008 A1
20080202688 Wu et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080202892 Smith et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080213496 Sun et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080216901 Chamberlain et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080216958 Goto et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080230519 Takahashi Sep 2008 A1
20080233709 Conti et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080236751 Aramaki et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080254635 Benzel et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080261404 Kozuka et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080264337 Sano et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080268645 Kao et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080292798 Huh et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080293248 Park et al. Nov 2008 A1
20080317965 Son et al. Dec 2008 A1
20090000743 Iizuka Jan 2009 A1
20090001480 Cheng Jan 2009 A1
20090004849 Eun Jan 2009 A1
20090004873 Yang Jan 2009 A1
20090014127 Shah et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090014323 Yendler et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090014324 Kawaguchi et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090017227 Fu Jan 2009 A1
20090022633 Tomosue et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090036292 Sun et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090045167 Maruyama Feb 2009 A1
20090061640 Wong et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090072401 Arnold et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090081878 Dhindsa Mar 2009 A1
20090084317 Wu et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090087960 Cho et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090087979 Raghuram Apr 2009 A1
20090095221 Tam et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090095222 Tam et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090095621 Kao et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090098276 Burrows Apr 2009 A1
20090098706 Kim et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090104738 Ring et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090104782 Lu et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090111280 Kao et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090117270 Yamasaki et al. May 2009 A1
20090120464 Rasheed et al. May 2009 A1
20090120582 Koshimizu May 2009 A1
20090159213 Bera et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090159588 Morioka et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090162647 Sun et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090170221 Jacques et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090170331 Cheng et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090179300 Arai Jul 2009 A1
20090189246 Wu et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090189287 Yang et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090191711 Rui et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090194233 Tamura Aug 2009 A1
20090194508 Ui et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090194810 Kiyotoshi et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090197418 Sago Aug 2009 A1
20090202721 Nogami et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090212804 Yamada et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090214825 Sun et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090223928 Colpo Sep 2009 A1
20090226633 Laflamme et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090236314 Chen Sep 2009 A1
20090253222 Morisawa et al. Oct 2009 A1
20090255902 Satoh et al. Oct 2009 A1
20090258162 Furuta et al. Oct 2009 A1
20090269934 Kao et al. Oct 2009 A1
20090274590 Willwerth et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090275146 Takano et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090275205 Kiehlbauch et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090275206 Katz et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090277587 Lubomirsky Nov 2009 A1
20090277874 Rui et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090280650 Lubomirsky Nov 2009 A1
20090286400 Heo et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090286405 Okesaku et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090293809 Cho et al. Dec 2009 A1
20090294898 Feustel et al. Dec 2009 A1
20090298256 Chen et al. Dec 2009 A1
20090314309 Sankarakrishnan et al. Dec 2009 A1
20090317978 Higashi Dec 2009 A1
20090320756 Tanaka Dec 2009 A1
20100000683 Kadkhodayan et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100003406 Lam et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100003824 Kadkhodayan et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100006543 Sawada et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100022030 Ditizio Jan 2010 A1
20100025370 Dieguez-Campo et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100037821 Nogami Feb 2010 A1
20100039747 Sansoni Feb 2010 A1
20100047080 Bruce Feb 2010 A1
20100048022 Kubota Feb 2010 A1
20100048027 Cheng et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100055408 Lee et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100055917 Kim Mar 2010 A1
20100059889 Gosset et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100062603 Ganguly et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100072172 Ui et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100075503 Bencher Mar 2010 A1
20100081285 Chen et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100089533 Ueda et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100093151 Arghavani et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100093168 Naik Apr 2010 A1
20100096367 Jeon et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100098882 Lubomirsky et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100099236 Kwon et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100099263 Kao et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100101727 Ji Apr 2010 A1
20100105209 Winniczek et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100116788 Singh et al. May 2010 A1
20100119843 Sun et al. May 2010 A1
20100129974 Futase et al. May 2010 A1
20100130001 Noguchi May 2010 A1
20100139889 Kurita et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100144140 Chandrashekar et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100147219 Hsieh et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100151149 Ovshinsky Jun 2010 A1
20100164422 Shu et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100173499 Tao et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100178748 Subramanian Jul 2010 A1
20100178755 Lee et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100180819 Hatanaka et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100183825 Becker et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100187534 Nishi et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100187588 Kim et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100187694 Yu et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100190352 Jaiswal Jul 2010 A1
20100197143 Nishimura Aug 2010 A1
20100203739 Becker et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100206483 Sorensen et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100207195 Fukuzumi et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100207205 Grebs et al. Aug 2010 A1
20100213172 Wilson Aug 2010 A1
20100224322 Sui et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100224324 Kasai Sep 2010 A1
20100240205 Son Sep 2010 A1
20100243165 Um Sep 2010 A1
20100243606 Koshimizu Sep 2010 A1
20100244204 Matsuoka et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100248488 Agarwal et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100252068 Kannan et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100258913 Lue Oct 2010 A1
20100267224 Choi et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100267248 Ma et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100273290 Kryliouk Oct 2010 A1
20100273291 Kryliouk et al. Oct 2010 A1
20100288369 Chang et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100294199 Tran et al. Nov 2010 A1
20100310785 Sasakawa et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100314005 Saito et al. Dec 2010 A1
20100330814 Yokota et al. Dec 2010 A1
20110005607 Desbiolles et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110005684 Hayami et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110008950 Xu Jan 2011 A1
20110011338 Chuc et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110034035 Liang et al. Feb 2011 A1
20110039407 Nishizuka Feb 2011 A1
20110045676 Park Feb 2011 A1
20110048325 Choie et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110053380 Sapre et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110058303 Migita Mar 2011 A1
20110061810 Ganguly et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110061812 Ganguly et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110065276 Ganguly et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110076401 Chao et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110081782 Liang et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110088847 Law et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110100489 Orito May 2011 A1
20110101335 Yamazaki et al. May 2011 A1
20110104393 Hilkene et al. May 2011 A1
20110111596 Kanakasabapathy May 2011 A1
20110114601 Lubomirsky et al. May 2011 A1
20110115378 Lubomirsky May 2011 A1
20110124144 Schlemm et al. May 2011 A1
20110127156 Foad et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110133650 Kim Jun 2011 A1
20110139748 Donnelly et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110140229 Rachmady et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110143542 Feurprier et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110146909 Shi et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110147363 Yap et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110151674 Tang et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110151677 Wang et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110151678 Ashtiani et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110155181 Inatomi Jun 2011 A1
20110159690 Chandrashekar et al. Jun 2011 A1
20110165057 Honda et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110165347 Miller et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110165771 Ring et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110174778 Sawada Jul 2011 A1
20110180847 Ikeda et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110195575 Wang Aug 2011 A1
20110198034 Sun et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110204025 Tahara Aug 2011 A1
20110207332 Liu et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110217851 Liang et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110226734 Sumiya et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110227028 Sekar et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110230008 Lakshmanan Sep 2011 A1
20110230052 Tang et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110232737 Ruletzki et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110232845 Riker et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110244686 Aso et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110244693 Tamura et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110256421 Bose et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110265884 Xu et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110265887 Lee et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110265951 Xu Nov 2011 A1
20110266252 Thadani et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110266256 Cruse et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110266682 Edelstein et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110278260 Lai Nov 2011 A1
20110287633 Lee et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110294300 Zhang et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110298061 Siddiqui et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110303146 Nishijima Dec 2011 A1
20110304078 Lee et al. Dec 2011 A1
20110308453 Su et al. Dec 2011 A1
20120003782 Byun et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120009796 Cui et al. Jan 2012 A1
20120025289 Liang et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120031559 Dhindsa et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120034786 Dhindsa et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120035766 Shajii et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120037596 Eto et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120040492 Ovshinsky et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120052683 Kim et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120055402 Moriya et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120068242 Shin et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120070982 Yu et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120070996 Hao et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120073501 Lubomirsky et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120091108 Lin et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120097330 Iyengar et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120100720 Winniczek et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120103518 Kakimoto May 2012 A1
20120104564 Won et al. May 2012 A1
20120119225 Shiomi et al. May 2012 A1
20120122302 Weidman et al. May 2012 A1
20120122319 Shimizu May 2012 A1
20120129354 Luong May 2012 A1
20120135576 Lee et al. May 2012 A1
20120148369 Michalski et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120149200 Culp et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120161405 Mohn et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120164839 Nishimura Jun 2012 A1
20120171852 Yuan et al. Jul 2012 A1
20120180954 Yang et al. Jul 2012 A1
20120181599 Lung Jul 2012 A1
20120182808 Lue et al. Jul 2012 A1
20120187844 Hoffman et al. Jul 2012 A1
20120196447 Yang et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120196451 Mallick Aug 2012 A1
20120202408 Shajii et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120208361 Ha Aug 2012 A1
20120211462 Zhang et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120211722 Kellam et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120222616 Han et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120222815 Sabri et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120223048 Paranjpe et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120223418 Stowers et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120225557 Serry et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120228642 Aube et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120234945 Olgado Sep 2012 A1
20120238102 Zhang et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120238103 Zhang et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120238108 Chen et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120241411 Darling et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120247390 Sawada et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120247670 Dobashi et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120247671 Sugawara Oct 2012 A1
20120247677 Himori et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120255491 Hahidi Oct 2012 A1
20120258600 Godet et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120258607 Holland et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120267346 Kao et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120269968 Rayner Oct 2012 A1
20120282779 Arnold et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120285619 Matyushkin et al. Nov 2012 A1
20120285621 Tan Nov 2012 A1
20120291696 Clarke Nov 2012 A1
20120292664 Kanike Nov 2012 A1
20120304933 Mai et al. Dec 2012 A1
20120309204 Kang et al. Dec 2012 A1
20120309205 Wang et al. Dec 2012 A1
20120322015 Kim Dec 2012 A1
20130001899 Hwang et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130005103 Liu et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130005140 Jeng et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130012030 Lakshmanan et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130012032 Liu et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130023062 Masuda et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130023124 Nemani et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130023125 Singh Jan 2013 A1
20130026135 Kim Jan 2013 A1
20130032574 Liu et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130034666 Liang et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130034968 Zhang et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130037919 Sapra et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130045605 Wang et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130049592 Yeom et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130052804 Song Feb 2013 A1
20130052827 Wang et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130052833 Ranjan et al. Feb 2013 A1
20130059440 Wang et al. Mar 2013 A1
20130059448 Marakhtanov et al. Mar 2013 A1
20130062675 Thomas Mar 2013 A1
20130065398 Ohsawa et al. Mar 2013 A1
20130082197 Yang et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130084654 Gaylord et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130087309 Volfovski Apr 2013 A1
20130089988 Wang et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130095646 Alsmeier et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130098868 Nishimura et al. Apr 2013 A1
20130105303 Lubomirsky et al. May 2013 A1
20130105948 Kewley May 2013 A1
20130115372 Pavol et al. May 2013 A1
20130118686 Carducci et al. May 2013 A1
20130119016 Kagoshima May 2013 A1
20130119457 Lue et al. May 2013 A1
20130119483 Alptekin et al. May 2013 A1
20130130507 Wang et al. May 2013 A1
20130133578 Hwang May 2013 A1
20130150303 Kungl et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130155568 Todorow et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130161726 Kim et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130171810 Sun et al. Jul 2013 A1
20130175654 Muckenhirn et al. Jul 2013 A1
20130187220 Surthi Jul 2013 A1
20130193108 Zheng Aug 2013 A1
20130213935 Liao et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130217243 Underwood et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130224953 Salinas et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130224960 Payyapilly et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130260533 Sapre et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130260564 Sapre et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130276983 Park et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130279066 Lubomirsky et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130284369 Kobayashi et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130284370 Kobayashi et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130284373 Sun et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130284374 Lubomirsky et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130284700 Nangoy et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130286530 Lin et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130295297 Chou et al. Nov 2013 A1
20130298942 Ren et al. Nov 2013 A1
20130302980 Chandrashekar et al. Nov 2013 A1
20130320550 Kim Dec 2013 A1
20130337655 Lee et al. Dec 2013 A1
20130343829 Benedetti et al. Dec 2013 A1
20140004707 Thedjoisworo et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140004708 Thedjoisworo Jan 2014 A1
20140008880 Miura et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140020708 Kim et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140021673 Chen et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140026813 Wang et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140053866 Baluja et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140054269 Hudson et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140057447 Yang et al. Feb 2014 A1
20140062285 Chen Mar 2014 A1
20140065827 Kang Mar 2014 A1
20140065842 Anthis et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140076234 Kao et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140080308 Chen et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140080309 Park Mar 2014 A1
20140080310 Chen et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140083362 Lubomirsky et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140087488 Nam et al. Mar 2014 A1
20140097270 Liang et al. Apr 2014 A1
20140099794 Ingle et al. Apr 2014 A1
20140102367 Ishibashi Apr 2014 A1
20140110061 Okunishi Apr 2014 A1
20140124364 Yoo et al. May 2014 A1
20140134842 Zhang et al. May 2014 A1
20140134847 Seya May 2014 A1
20140141621 Ren et al. May 2014 A1
20140147126 Yamashita et al. May 2014 A1
20140152312 Snow et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140154668 Chou et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140154889 Wang et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140165912 Kao et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140166617 Chen Jun 2014 A1
20140166618 Tadigadapa et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140175530 Chien et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140175534 Kofuji et al. Jun 2014 A1
20140186772 Pohlers et al. Jul 2014 A1
20140190410 Kim Jul 2014 A1
20140190632 Kumar Jul 2014 A1
20140191388 Chen Jul 2014 A1
20140199850 Kim et al. Jul 2014 A1
20140199851 Nemani et al. Jul 2014 A1
20140209245 Yamamoto Jul 2014 A1
20140216337 Swaminathan et al. Aug 2014 A1
20140225504 Kaneko et al. Aug 2014 A1
20140227881 Lubomirsky et al. Aug 2014 A1
20140234466 Gao et al. Aug 2014 A1
20140248773 Tsai et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140248780 Ingle et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140251956 Jeon et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140256131 Wang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140256145 Abdallah et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140262031 Belostotskiy et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140262038 Wang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140263172 Xie et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140263272 Duan et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140264507 Lee et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140264533 Simsek-Ege Sep 2014 A1
20140271097 Wang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273373 Makala et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273406 Wang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273451 Wang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273462 Simsek-Ege et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273487 Deshmukh Sep 2014 A1
20140273489 Wang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273491 Zhang et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273492 Anthis et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140273496 Kao Sep 2014 A1
20140288528 Py et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140302678 Paterson et al. Oct 2014 A1
20140302680 Singh Oct 2014 A1
20140308758 Nemani et al. Oct 2014 A1
20140308816 Wang et al. Oct 2014 A1
20140311581 Belostotskiy et al. Oct 2014 A1
20140342532 Zhu Nov 2014 A1
20140342569 Zhu et al. Nov 2014 A1
20140349477 Chandrashekar et al. Nov 2014 A1
20140357083 Ling et al. Dec 2014 A1
20140361684 Ikeda et al. Dec 2014 A1
20140363977 Morimoto et al. Dec 2014 A1
20140363979 Or et al. Dec 2014 A1
20150007770 Chandrasekharan et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150011096 Chandrasekharan et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150014152 Hoinkis et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150031211 Sapre et al. Jan 2015 A1
20150037980 Rha Feb 2015 A1
20150041430 Yoshino et al. Feb 2015 A1
20150050812 Smith Feb 2015 A1
20150056814 Ling et al. Feb 2015 A1
20150060265 Cho et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150064918 Ranjan et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150072508 Or et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150076110 Wu et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150076586 Rabkin et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150079797 Chen et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150093891 Zope Apr 2015 A1
20150118822 Zhang et al. Apr 2015 A1
20150118858 Takaba Apr 2015 A1
20150123541 Baek et al. May 2015 A1
20150126035 Diao et al. May 2015 A1
20150126039 Korolik et al. May 2015 A1
20150126040 Korolik et al. May 2015 A1
20150129541 Wang et al. May 2015 A1
20150129545 Ingle et al. May 2015 A1
20150129546 Ingle et al. May 2015 A1
20150132953 Nowling May 2015 A1
20150132968 Ren et al. May 2015 A1
20150140827 Kao et al. May 2015 A1
20150152072 Cantat et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150155177 Zhang et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150167705 Lee et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150170879 Nguyen et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150170920 Purayath et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150170924 Nguyen et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150170926 Michalak Jun 2015 A1
20150170935 Wang et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150170943 Nguyen et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150171008 Luo Jun 2015 A1
20150179464 Wang et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150187625 Busche et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150191823 Banna Jul 2015 A1
20150194435 Lee Jul 2015 A1
20150200042 Ling et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150206764 Wang et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150214066 Luere et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150214067 Zhang et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150214092 Purayath et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150214337 Ko et al. Jul 2015 A1
20150221479 Chen et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150221541 Nemani et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150228456 Ye et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150235809 Ito et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150235860 Tomura et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150235863 Chen Aug 2015 A1
20150235865 Wang et al. Aug 2015 A1
20150235867 Nishizuka Aug 2015 A1
20150247231 Nguyen et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150249018 Park et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150255481 Baenninger et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150270140 Gupta et al. Sep 2015 A1
20150275361 Lubomirsky et al. Oct 2015 A1
20150275375 Kim et al. Oct 2015 A1
20150279687 Xue et al. Oct 2015 A1
20150294980 Lee et al. Oct 2015 A1
20150303031 Choi Oct 2015 A1
20150332930 Wang et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150332953 Futase et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150340225 Kim et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150340371 Lue Nov 2015 A1
20150345029 Wang et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150357201 Chen et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150357205 Wang et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150371861 Li et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150371864 Hsu et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150371865 Chen et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150371866 Chen et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150380419 Gunji-Yoneoka et al. Dec 2015 A1
20150380431 Kanamori et al. Dec 2015 A1
20160005572 Liang et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160005833 Collins et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160020071 Khaja et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160027654 Kim et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160027673 Wang et al. Jan 2016 A1
20160035586 Purayath et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160035614 Purayath et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160042920 Cho et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160042968 Purayath et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160043099 Purayath et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160056167 Wang et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160056235 Lee et al. Feb 2016 A1
20160064212 Thedjoisworo et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160064233 Wang et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160079062 Zheng et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160079072 Wang et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160086772 Khaja Mar 2016 A1
20160086807 Park et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160086808 Zhang et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160086815 Pandit et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160086816 Wang et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160093505 Chen et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160093506 Chen et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160093737 Li et al. Mar 2016 A1
20160099173 Agarwal et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160104606 Park et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160109863 Valcore et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160117425 Povolny et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160118227 Valcore et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160118268 Ingle et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160118396 Rabkin et al. Apr 2016 A1
20160126118 Chen et al. May 2016 A1
20160133480 Ko et al. May 2016 A1
20160136660 Song May 2016 A1
20160141419 Baenninger et al. May 2016 A1
20160148805 Jongbloed et al. May 2016 A1
20160148821 Singh et al. May 2016 A1
20160163512 Lubomirsky Jun 2016 A1
20160163513 Lubomirsky Jun 2016 A1
20160172216 Marakhtanov et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160181112 Xue et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160181116 Berry et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160189933 Kobayashi et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160190147 Kato et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160196969 Berry et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160196984 Lill et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160196985 Tan et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160203958 Arase et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160204009 Nguyen et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160208395 Ooshima Jul 2016 A1
20160218018 Lieu et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160222522 Wang et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160225651 Tran et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160225652 Tran et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160237570 Tan et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160240353 Nagami Aug 2016 A1
20160240389 Zhang et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160240402 Park et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160260588 Park et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160260616 Li et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160260619 Zhang et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160284556 Ingle et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160293398 Danek et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160293438 Zhou et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160300694 Yang et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160307772 Choi et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160307773 Lee et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160314961 Liu et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160314985 Yang et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160319452 Eidschun et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160340781 Thomas et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160343548 Howald et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160358793 Okumura et al. Dec 2016 A1
20170011922 Tanimura et al. Jan 2017 A1
20170040175 Xu et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170040180 Xu et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170040190 Benjaminson et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170040191 Benjaminson et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170040207 Purayath Feb 2017 A1
20170040214 Lai et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170053808 Kamp et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170062184 Tran Mar 2017 A1
20170110290 Kobayashi et al. Apr 2017 A1
20170110335 Yang et al. Apr 2017 A1
20170110475 Liu et al. Apr 2017 A1
20170133202 Berry May 2017 A1
20170178894 Stone et al. Jun 2017 A1
20170178899 Kabansky et al. Jun 2017 A1
20170178924 Chen et al. Jun 2017 A1
20170194128 Lai et al. Jul 2017 A1
20170207088 Kwon et al. Jul 2017 A1
20170226637 Lubomirsky et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229287 Xu et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229289 Lubomirsky et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229291 Singh et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229293 Park et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229326 Tran et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229328 Benjaminson et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170229329 Benjaminson et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170236691 Liang et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170236694 Eason et al. Aug 2017 A1
20170250193 Huo Aug 2017 A1
20170294445 Son et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170309509 Tran et al. Oct 2017 A1
20170338133 Tan et al. Nov 2017 A1
20170338134 Tan et al. Nov 2017 A1
20170373082 Sekine et al. Dec 2017 A1
20180005850 Citla et al. Jan 2018 A1
20180006050 Watanabe et al. Jan 2018 A1
20180025900 Park et al. Jan 2018 A1
20180069000 Bergendahl et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180076031 Yan et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180076044 Choi et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180076083 Ko et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180080124 Bajaj et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180082861 Citla et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180096818 Lubomirsky Apr 2018 A1
20180096819 Lubomirsky et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180096821 Lubomirsky et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180096865 Lubomirsky et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180102255 Chen et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180102256 Chen et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180102259 Wang et al. Apr 2018 A1
20180130818 Kim et al. May 2018 A1
20180138049 Ko et al. May 2018 A1
20180138055 Xu et al. May 2018 A1
20180138075 Kang et al. May 2018 A1
20180138085 Wang et al. May 2018 A1
20180175051 Lue et al. Jun 2018 A1
20180182633 Pandit et al. Jun 2018 A1
20180182777 Cui et al. Jun 2018 A1
20180223437 George et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180226223 Lubomirsky Aug 2018 A1
20180226230 Kobayashi et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180226259 Choi et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180226278 Arnepalli et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180226425 Purayath Aug 2018 A1
20180226426 Purayath Aug 2018 A1
20180240654 Park et al. Aug 2018 A1
20180261516 Lin et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180261686 Lin et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180366351 Lubomirsky Dec 2018 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (93)
Number Date Country
1124364 Jun 1996 CN
1847450 Oct 2006 CN
101236893 Aug 2008 CN
101378850 Mar 2009 CN
102893705 Jan 2013 CN
1675160 Jun 2006 EP
S59-126778 Jul 1984 JP
S62-45119 Feb 1987 JP
63301051 Dec 1988 JP
H01-200627 Aug 1989 JP
H02-114525 Apr 1990 JP
H07-153739 Jun 1995 JP
H08-31755 Feb 1996 JP
H08-107101 Apr 1996 JP
H08-264510 Oct 1996 JP
H09-260356 Oct 1997 JP
2001-313282 Nov 2001 JP
2001-332608 Nov 2001 JP
2002-075972 Mar 2002 JP
2002-083869 Mar 2002 JP
2003-174020 Jun 2003 JP
2003-282591 Oct 2003 JP
2004-508709 Mar 2004 JP
2004-296467 Oct 2004 JP
2005-050908 Feb 2005 JP
2006-041039 Feb 2006 JP
2006-066408 Mar 2006 JP
2008-288560 Nov 2008 JP
4191137 Dec 2008 JP
2009-141343 Jun 2009 JP
2009-530871 Aug 2009 JP
2009-239056 Oct 2009 JP
2010-180458 Aug 2010 JP
2011-508436 Mar 2011 JP
2011-518408 Jun 2011 JP
4763293 Aug 2011 JP
2011-171378 Sep 2011 JP
2012-019164 Jan 2012 JP
2012-019194 Jan 2012 JP
2012-512531 May 2012 JP
2013-243418 Dec 2013 JP
5802323 Oct 2015 JP
2016-111177 Jun 2016 JP
2000-0008278 Feb 2000 KR
2000-0064946 Nov 2000 KR
2001-0056735 Jul 2001 KR
2003-0023964 Mar 2003 KR
2003-0054726 Jul 2003 KR
2003-0083663 Oct 2003 KR
100441297 Jul 2004 KR
2005-0007143 Jan 2005 KR
2005-0042701 May 2005 KR
2005-0049903 May 2005 KR
2006-0080509 Jul 2006 KR
1006-41762 Nov 2006 KR
2006-0127173 Dec 2006 KR
100663668 Jan 2007 KR
100678696 Jan 2007 KR
100712727 Apr 2007 KR
2007-0079870 Aug 2007 KR
2008-0063988 Jul 2008 KR
100843236 Jul 2008 KR
2009-0040869 Apr 2009 KR
2009-0128913 Dec 2009 KR
10-2010-0013980 Feb 2010 KR
2010-0093358 Aug 2010 KR
2011-0086540 Jul 2011 KR
2011-0114538 Oct 2011 KR
2011-0126675 Nov 2011 KR
2012-0022251 Mar 2012 KR
2012-0082640 Jul 2012 KR
2016-0002543 Jan 2016 KR
2006-12480 Apr 2006 TW
200709256 Mar 2007 TW
2007-35196 Sep 2007 TW
2011-27983 Aug 2011 TW
2012-07919 Feb 2012 TW
2012-13594 Apr 2012 TW
2012-33842 Aug 2012 TW
2008-112673 Sep 2008 WO
2009-084194 Jul 2009 WO
2010-010706 Jan 2010 WO
2010-113946 Oct 2010 WO
2011-027515 Mar 2011 WO
2011-031556 Mar 2011 WO
2011-070945 Jun 2011 WO
2011-095846 Aug 2011 WO
2011-149638 Dec 2011 WO
2012-050321 Apr 2012 WO
2012-118987 Sep 2012 WO
2012-125656 Sep 2012 WO
2012-148568 Nov 2012 WO
2013-118260 Aug 2013 WO
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20190198291 A1 Jun 2019 US
Continuations (2)
Number Date Country
Parent 15943208 Apr 2018 US
Child 16291494 US
Parent 15285176 Oct 2016 US
Child 15943208 US