Patent Application
20220173010
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board such as a power module substrate board used for a semiconductor device controlling large current and high voltage. Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-58136, filed Mar. 26, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Power module substrate boards in which a circuit layer is bonded on one surface of an insulation layer made of a ceramic substrate board such as aluminum nitride, and a metal layer for heat dissipation is bonded on the other surface are known, and a heat sink is bonded on the metal layer.
For example, in a power module substrate board equipped with a heat sink disclosed in Patent Document 1, a circuit layer having a double structure of an aluminum layer and a copper layer is formed on one surface of an insulating layer made of a ceramic substrate board; on the other surface of the ceramic substrate board (the insulation layer), a metal layer having a double structure of an aluminum layer and a copper layer is bonded; and a heat sink made of aluminum is bonded on this copper layer of the metal layer.
In a method of manufacturing this power module substrate board equipped with a heat sink, aluminum boards are brazed on both surfaces of the ceramic substrate board at first, after that, a copper board is laminated on one side and a copper board and an aluminum board of the heat sink is laminated on the other side, and this laminate is heated with pressed in a lamination direction, so that aluminum and copper is bonded by solid phase diffusion. At this time, in Patent Document 1, a bonded surface of the heat sink is bonded with formed in a convex shape in accordance with warp of a surface of the metal layer of the power module substrate board occurred by a bonding temperature of the heat sink.
In this solid phase diffusion bonding, the laminate is arranged between a pair of pressing boards which are energized by a spring and given a load by bringing close the pressing boards by energizing by a fixed board fixed on a pair of guide posts provided outside of an outer peripheral of the ceramic substrate board.
However, since the guide posts cannot be arranged right on the laminate, it is difficult to add the load on the inside comparing to the outside of the ceramic substrate board. The ceramic substrate board and the aluminum board can be substantially evenly bonded in a whole surface since a liquid phase is generated by brazing; however, the aluminum layer and the copper layer are bonded by the solid phase, and a contact state thereof largely influences on bonding. By bonding using the above-described pressing boards, the load is biased on the outside of the circuit layer but is not enough on the inside, and bonding defects may occur in other parts than the outside part of the metal layer. Particularly, in a case in which the circuit layer is separated several, sufficient intermetallic composed layers are not generated at inside peripheral edge parts facing a space between adjacent copper boards for circuit layers, and the bonding defects may occur easily.
The present invention is achieved in consideration of the above circumstances, and has an object to prevent the bonding defects by adding the uniform load even on the inner edge parts facing the space between the adjacent copper boards for the circuit layers.
A method of manufacturing a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention includes steps of: forming an aluminum circuit layer forming a plurality of aluminum circuit layers on one surface on a ceramic substrate board; and a step of forming a copper circuit layer, by laminating copper boards for the circuit layers respectively on the aluminum circuit layers; arranging this laminate between a pair of support boards having a convex curved surface on at least one surface and arranged to face the convex curved surfaces toward each other; and pressing the laminate in a lamination direction by moving the support boards to a facing direction and heating in this pressing state, so as to bond the copper boards on the aluminum circuit layers by solid phase diffusion. In the step of forming the copper circuit layers, the support boards are arranged so that at least one of the convex curved surfaces are in contact with a plurality of the copper boards for the circuit layers adjacent in the laminate.
According to this manufacturing method, in the step of forming copper circuit layers, the convex curved surface of the support board spans and is in contact with the adjacent copper board for circuit layers, so that a load is easy to be added as in the outer peripheral edge parts even in the edge part of the copper board for the circuit layers in a center of the ceramic substrate board where conventionally the load is not easy to be added.
A preferred aspect of the method of manufacturing a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention is that the convex curved surfaces of the support boards preferably have a curvature radius not less than 8000 mm and not more than 60000 mm. By the curvature radius in this range, an intermetallic compound layer is formed with a sufficient thickness over the edge parts of the adjacent copper circuit layers and good bonding can be obtained.
A preferred aspect of the method of manufacturing a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention is that preferably the support boards be made of a carbon material sheet. The carbon material sheet can be a laminate board of one or more carbon sheets and one or more graphite sheets.
By the carbon material sheet, it is possible to prevent the support boards and the laminate from adhering. By cushioning characteristic of the carbon material sheet, a gentle pressing gradient can be obtained in which the load is gradually increases from the outer peripheral side toward the center of the convex curved surface, so that the copper boards for the circuit layers can be pressed even uniformly over a whole surface and bonded.
In the method of manufacturing a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention, the convex curved surface may be a spherical surface or may be a cylindrical surface. It is appropriate to set the shape of the convex curved surface in accordance with the number and an arrangement state of the copper boards for the circuit layers in the laminate.
In a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention, in the support boards, the one surface maybe the convex curved surface and the other surface may be a flat surface. For example, among the support boards stacked with the laminates therebetween, the outermost support boards may have a flat surface which does not press the copper boards for the circuit layers; and the pressure from the pressing board can be received on the whole flat surface.
A preferred aspect of the method of manufacturing a bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention is that arranging a pair of the support boards between a pair of pressing boards facing in the lamination direction to each other, holding a pair of the pressing boards so as to approach or be away from each other along the lamination direction on at least two guide post provided along the lamination direction, and pressing the laminate with a pair of the support boards by approaching a pair of the pressing boards each other.
It is difficult to evenly press the laminate between a pair of the pressing boards held by the two guide posts; however, by the convex curved surface of the support boards, it is possible to add a sufficient load even on the center part of the laminates.
A bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board of the present invention includes a ceramic substrate board, a plurality of aluminum circuit layers bonded on one surface of the ceramic substrate board, copper circuit layers bonded on the respective aluminum circuit layers by solid phase diffusion, and intermetallic compound layers between the aluminum circuit layers and the copper circuit layers; and in the intermetallic compound layers, a boundary is set at a position of 50 μm from an edge part beside a gap between the adjacent copper circuit layers, a thickness ratio t2/t1 is 30% or more where an average thickness in a center side of the boundary is t1 and an average thickness in an edge part side of the boundary is t2.
Since the average thickness t2 of the intermetallic compound layers beside the gaps between the copper circuit layers is 30% or more of the average thickness at the center side of the intermetallic compound layers, the edge parts are also adequately bonded by solid phase diffusion and a sufficient bonding state can be maintained.
In addition, this bonded body for an insulation circuit substrate board can be used in states of being used as an insulation circuit substrate board having a plurality of circuit layers as it is, or being formed into single insulation circuit substrate board by forming a scribe line on the ceramic substrate board between the adjacent copper circuit layers and splitting it.
According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the bonding defects by adding the uniform load even on the inner edge parts facing the space between the adjacent copper boards for the circuit layers.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained.
The bonded body 10 for the insulation circuit substrate board has a ceramic substrate board 11, a plurality of circuit layers 12 bonded on one surface (a top surface) of the ceramic substrate board 11, and a plurality of heat radiation layers 13 bonded on the other surface (a bottom surface) of the ceramic substrate board 11. Regarding a plane size, each of the circuit layers 12 is a square shape with a side 5 mm or more and 100 mm or less; and a gap “g” between the respective circuit layers 12 is 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less. In this embodiment, the heat radiation layers 13 are also arranged with the same gap “g”.
The ceramic substrate board 11 is an insulation material preventing an electrical connection between the circuit layers 12 and the heat radiation layers 13; e.g., it is formed by aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon nitride (Si3N4), or the like; and a board thickness thereof is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm.
In this embodiment, scribe lines 15 are formed in a cross shape in planar view on the ceramic substrate board 11 to equally divide this into four.
The circuit layers 12 and the heat radiation layers 13 both have a double structure of an aluminum layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and a copper layer made of copper or copper alloy.
In this case, in the circuit layers 12, for each of the sections divided by the scribe lines 15, an aluminum circuit layer 121 and a copper circuit layer 122 are bonded in a laminate state; the scribe lines 15 are formed on the ceramic substrate board 11 along the gaps “g” of the adjacent circuit layers 12.
The aluminum layers which will be the circuit layers 12 are the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the aluminum layers which will be the heat radiation layers 13 are aluminum heat radiation layers 131; however, in a case of not being distinct particularly, they are called simply aluminum layers.
These aluminum layers 121 and 131 are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy: pure aluminum with purity 99.00% by mass or more or purity 99.99% by mass or more is preferable to reduce stress. A thickness of these aluminum layers 121 and 131 is preferably 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm. The aluminum circuit layers 121 and the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 may have the same thickness or may have different thickness.
These aluminum layers 121 and 131 are formed by brazing in which aluminum boards are laminated on both the surfaces of the ceramic substrate board 11 with Al—Si type brazing material therebetween, pressed in a lamination direction and heated.
Regarding copper layers which will be the circuit layers 12 and copper layers which will be the heat radiation layers 13, similarly to the aluminum layers, the copper layers which will be the circuit layers 12 are the copper circuit layers 122 and the copper layers which will be the heat radiation layers 13 are copper heat radiation layers 132; however, in a case of not being distinct particularly, they are called simply copper layers.
These copper layers 122 and 132 may be formed of copper or copper alloy; oxygen-free copper is appropriate. A planar size may be the same as that of the aluminum layers: in the illustrated example, they are formed to be slightly smaller than the aluminum layers. An appropriate board thickness is 0.1 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less: the copper circuit layers 122 and the copper heat radiation layers 132 may have the same thickness or may have different thickness.
The copper circuit layers 122 are formed by bonding copper boards by solid phase diffusion on the respective aluminum circuit layers 121; and the copper heat radiation layers 132 are formed by bonding copper boards by solid phase diffusion on the aluminum heat radiation layers 131.
Next, a method of manufacturing this bonded body 10 for insulation circuit substrate board will be explained. In a case of this embodiment, as shown in
The scribe lines 15 are formed on the ceramic substrate board 11 for dividing it into a plurality of the power module substrate boards 1. The scribe lines 15 can be formed by laser machining as shown in
As shown in
Then, a laminate of the aluminum boards 21 for the circuit layers, the aluminum boards 31 for the heat radiation layers, the ceramic substrate board 11, and the braze foils 50 is heated to 640° C. to 650° C. in a state of pressed in the lamination direction in vacuum atmosphere so as to braze.
Thereby the aluminum circuit layers 121 are formed on one surface of the ceramic substrate board 11 and the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 are formed on the other surface.
As shown in
The copper boards 22 for the circuit layers are individually laminated on the respective aluminum circuit layers 121. The copper boards 32 for the heat radiation layers are also laminated individually on the respective aluminum heat radiation layers 131.
Then, this laminate 40 is heated at lower than eutectic temperature of copper and aluminum in a state of pressed in the lamination direction so that the aluminum circuit layers 121 are bonded the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers and the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 are bonded to the copper heat radiation layers 132 by solid phase diffusion.
At least the two guide posts 62 are provided vertically on the top surface of the base board 61. Screw parts 62a are formed on upper end of the respective guide posts 62 and nuts 66 are screwed to the screw parts 62a at the top surface of the backup board 63. In the present embodiment, between the base board and the pressing board 64, a plurality of the laminates 40 are arranged in a stacked manner. In this case, the laminates 40 are arranged inside the guide posts 62 and pressed in the lamination direction between the pressing boards 61 and 64 by screwing the nuts 66 on the screw parts 62a of the guide posts 62.
The guide posts 62 are not limited to two and may be provided four, one by each of the four corners on the top surface of the base board 61. Between the base board 61 and the pressing board 64, one laminate 40 may be arranged. Pressing means is not limited to this structure in which the nuts 66 are screwed on the screw parts 62a of the guide posts 62, but hot pressing or the like can also be used.
In this step, on both the surfaces of the laminates 40, support boards 70 are disposed to act the pressure effectively on the center in a surface direction of the laminates 40.
Both surfaces of the support boards 70 are formed to be convex curved surfaces 70a. The convex curved surfaces 70a have curved surface with a radius curvature R is 8000 mm or less and 60000 mm or more.
The support boards 70 are disposed so that the convex curved surfaces 70a (refer to
Since the four circuit layers 12 which are rectangle in planar view are arranged so that one corner of them are respectively near to each other, the convex curved surfaces 70a are formed to be a spherical surface shape so as to protrude largest at a part where the four corners are near; however, a cylindrical surface may be used other than the spherical surface in accordance with an arranged number or the like of the circuit layers 12. For example, in a case in which two circuit layers are aligned and arranged, it is sufficient that the convex curved surface is formed into a cylindrical surface shape and an axis direction of the cylinder is arranged along a gap between the two circuit layers. Furthermore, the curved surface may be a surface of a spheroid or the like other than the spherical surface or the cylindrical surface. Within a range of the curvature radius R=8000 mm to 60000 mm, it may be one having single radius curvature or one made of a combination of a plurality of radius curvatures: it is possible to set appropriately in accordance with the number or arrangement of the circuit layers.
The support boards 70 are made of carbon material sheets. As the carbon material sheets, a laminate board of carbon sheets and graphite sheets for example. For the carbon sheets, for example, G-347 made by Asahi Graphite Inc. (thermal conductivity 116 W/mK, elastic modulus 10.8 GPa) can be used. For the graphite sheets, for example, T-5 made by Asahi Graphite Inc. (thermal conductivity 75.4 W/mK, elastic modulus 11.4 GPa), graphite sheets PF made by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. (compressibility 47%, recovery 14%) or the like can be used.
In the press device 60 structured as above described, a plurality of the laminates 40 are arranged with the support boards 70 therebetween. In this case, the support boards 70 are arranged so that the convex curved surfaces 70a are in contact with the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers and the copper boards 32 for the heat radiation layers of the laminates 40.
By maintaining pressure of 0.3 MPa or more and 3.5 MPa or less and holding in vacuum atmosphere at heating temperature of 400° C. or more and 548° C. or less for 5 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less, the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers and the copper boards 32 for the heat radiation layers are respectively bonded on the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 by solid phase diffusion between copper and aluminum.
In the bonded body 10 for the insulation circuit substrate board manufactured as above, the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the copper circuit layers 122 are laminated in order and bonded on one surface of the ceramic substrate board 11; and the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 and the copper heat radiation layers 132 are laminated in order and bonded on the other surface of the ceramic substrate board 11.
Between the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the copper circuit layers 122, and between the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 and the copper heat radiation layers 132, intermetallic compound layers M are formed by solid phase diffusion bonding of aluminum and copper (refer to
In this step of bonding copper boards, by pressing the convex curved surfaces 70a of the support boards 70 with being in contact with the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers and the copper boards 32 for the heat radiation layers, the M are formed with substantially uniform thickness over whole surfaces between the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the copper circuit layers 122 and between the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 and the copper heat radiation layers 132.
An average thickness of the M is 12 μm or more and 40 μm or less; an average thickness of a center side than a boundary is t1 and an average thickness of an edge part side than the boundary is t2, where the boundary is set at a position 50 μm from the edge part facing on the gaps “g” between the adjacent copper circuit layers 122; and a thickness ratio t2/t1 is 30% or more.
At the last, as shown in
As explained above, according to the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, by pressing the convex curved surfaces 70a of the support boards 70 with being in contact with the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers and the copper boards 32 for the heat radiation layers; it is possible to form the M over the whole surfaces with substantially the uniform thickness by the solid phase diffusion bonding between the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the copper circuit layers 122 and between the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 and the copper heat radiation layers 132 and it is possible to bond them firmly without bonding defects.
In this case, the curvature radius R of the convex curved surfaces 70a is too small if it is less than 8000 mm, so that the load is too concentrated on the vicinity of the edge parts beside the gaps “g” of the copper circuit layers 122 and the copper heat radiation layers 132 and in contrast the load on the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge parts is not enough; as a result, the bonding defects may be occur in the outer peripheral edge parts. If the curvature radius R of the convex curved surfaces 70a is more than 60000 mm it is almost a flat surface, so that an improving effect of bonding is poor in the vicinity of the edge parts beside the gaps “g” of the copper circuit layers 122 and the copper heat radiation layers 132.
In the above embodiment, a plurality of the power module substrate boards 1 are manufactured by forming the scribe lines 15 on the ceramic substrate board 11; the present invention can be applied if a plurality of the circuit layers 12 are separated even in a case in which one power module substrate board (an insulation circuit substrate board) 1 is manufactured from the ceramic substrate board 11 without the scribe lines 15 (
A bonded body 100 for an insulation circuit substrate board is formed to be a state in which the circuit layers 12 are separated into two on one surface of the ceramic substrate board 11, in which the copper circuit layers 122 are bonded in a laminate state with the aluminum circuit layers 121 therebetween respectively. On the other surface of the ceramic substrate board 11, one heat radiation layer 13 is formed in which one copper heat radiation layer 132 is laminated and bonded with one aluminum heat radiation layer 131 therebetween.
Also in the bonded body 100 for the insulation circuit substrate board, after forming the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the aluminum heat radiation layers 131 on the ceramic substrate board 11 by braze bonding, the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers are bonded on the aluminum circuit layers 121 and the copper board 32 for the heat radiation layer is bonded on the aluminum heat radiation layer 131 by the solid phase diffusion bonding. At this time, by pressing using the support boards 70 having the convex curved surfaces 70a, the vicinity of the edge parts of the copper boards 22 for the circuit layers beside the gaps “g” are also pressed, so that the copper circuit layers 122 firmly bonded on the aluminum circuit layers 121 can be formed.
In this case, the circuit layers 12 are a square of 5 mm or more and 100 mm or less; the gaps “g” of the circuit layers 12 are 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
After forming the copper circuit layers 122 and the copper heat radiation layers 132 the bonded body 100 for the insulation circuit substrate board is used as the power module substrate board 1 (the insulation circuit substrate board) as it is.
Besides, the present invention can be applied for a case in which a circuit layer having a double structure of an aluminum layer and a copper layer is formed o none surface of a ceramic substrate board, it is not necessary that a heat radiation layer having a double structure on the other surface of the ceramic substrate board as in the embodiment.
A step of bonding aluminum boards was carried out as follows: two aluminum boards (38 mm×38 mm, thickness 0.25 mm, 4N—Al) were laminated with a gap 2 mm on a surface of a ceramic substrate board (40 mm×80 mm, thickness 0.635 mm, AlN) to be an insulation layer; one aluminum board (38 mm×78 mm, thickness 9.25 mm, 4N—Al) was laminated on the other surface of the ceramic substrate board, so that aluminum layers were formed by braze bonding respectively. Al—Si brazing foils (thickness 14 μm) were used as brazing material, it was added a pressure 0.3 MPa in a lamination direction and heated at temperature 640° C. for 40 minutes to bond.
A step of bonding copper boards was carried out as follows: copper boards (37 mm×37 mm, thickness 0.3 mm, oxygen-free copper) were laminated to be positioned on the aluminum layers formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate board, and a copper board (37 mm×77 mm, thickness 0.3 mm, oxygen-free copper) was laminated on the aluminum layer formed on the bottom surface of the ceramic substrate board; and it was added a pressure 1 MPa in the lamination direction using a support board having a curvature radius shown in Table 1 and heated at temperature 540° C. for 90 minutes in vacuum atmosphere to bond by solid phase diffusion.
Samples 1 to 11 made as above were observed in a microscope at a cross section substantially perpendicular to an edge surface passing through substantially a center of a circuit layer to find an intermetallic compound layer between the aluminum layers and the copper layers. An average thickness t1 of the intermetallic compound layer in a center side of a position-of-50 μm from an edge part beside a gap between the adjacent circuit layers and an average thickness t2 of the intermetallic compound layer in the edge part side of the position-of-50 μm from the edge part were measured; and a thickness ratio t2/t1 was calculated.
As evaluation of bonding ability, regarding obtained Samples 1 to 11, solder was mounted on a copper circuit layer, and the intermetallic compound layer was checked after reflowing 285° C.×10 minutes by microscope observation at a cross section along the B-B line shown in
Samples 1 to 8 in which the radius curvature of a convex surface was 8000 mm to 60000 were all “good” in the evaluation of the bonding ability. The thickness ratio of the intermetallic compound layer in these cases was 33.3% or more: it is recognized that good result was obtained if it was 30% or more.
In the bonded body for the insulation circuit substrate board, adding uniform load on the inside end part of the adjacent copper circuit layer beside the gaps, it is possible to prevent the bonding defects.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-058136 | Mar 2018 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17040096 | Sep 2020 | US |
| Child | 17671635 | US |
