Patent Application
20110166058
HSF1 is the master regulator of the heat shock response, in which multiple genes are induced in response to temperature increase and other stresses. At non-shock temperatures in humans and other vertebrates, HSF1 is produced constitutively, but is inactive and bound by protein HSP90. At an elevated temperature, HSF1 is released by HSP90, moves from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and trimerizes. This active HSF1 binds to heat shock elements (HSE) in DNA and activates transcription of heat shock genes by RNA polymerase II. The HSE has a consensus sequence of three repeats of NGAAN and is present in the promoter regions of the HSP90, HSP70 and HSP27 genes. During cessation of the heat shock response, HSF1 is phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and returns to an inactive state. The biochemistry of HSF1 is described, inter alia, in Chu et al. 1996 J. Biol. Chem. 271:30847-30857; Huang et al. 1997 J. Biol. Chem. 272:26009-26016; and Morimoto et al. 1998 Nat. Biotech. 16: 833-838.
HSF1 interacts with additional factors. HSF1 binds to DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is involved in DNA repair. HSF1 is a target of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and its activity is down-regulated when the RAS signaling cascade is active.
Additional heat shock factor proteins in humans include HSF2, HSF3, and HSF4. HSF1, HSF2, and HSF3 are positive regulators of heat shock gene expression, while HSF4 is a negative regulator. HSF1, HSF2 and HSF4 play a role in transcriptional control of other heat shock proteins. The various HSF proteins share about 40% sequence identity.
HSF1 has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer and viral diseases.
HSF1 and other heat shock proteins (whose expression is increased by HSF1) are over-expressed in, or have otherwise been implicated in breast, endometrial, fibrosarcoma, gastric, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, neuroectodermal, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, prostate, skin, squamous cell, and testicular cancers, leukemia (e.g., promyelocytic leukemia), and Hodgkin's disease.
Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that heat shock proteins (HSP) may block the pathways of apoptosis and permit malignant cells to arise despite the triggering of apoptotic signals during transformation. HSP expression may also afford protection to cancer cells from treatments such as chemotherapy and hyperthermia by thwarting the pro-apoptotic influence of these modalities.
Because HSF1 positively regulates HSPs, a need exists for therapeutics that modulate HSF1.
The present disclosure encompasses RNAi agents to HSF1, useful in treatment of HSF1-related disease, such as cancer and viral diseases.
The present disclosure provides RNAi agents directed to the HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) gene. HSF1 is the master regulator of the heat shock response, in which multiple genes are induced in response to temperature increase and other stresses.
HSF1 has been implicated in several HSF1-related diseases, including cancer and viral diseases. HSF1 and other heat shock proteins (whose expression is increased by HSF1) are over-expressed in, or have otherwise been implicated in breast, endometrial, fibrosarcoma, gastric, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, neuroectodermal, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, prostate, skin, squamous cell, and testicular cancers, leukemia (e.g., promyelocytic leukemia), and Hodgkin's disease.
Because HSF1 positively regulates HSPs, a need exists for therapeutics that modulate HSF1. The RNAi agents of the present disclosure are specific to HSF1 and can reduce expression of HSF1. These RNAi agents are therefore useful in treating cancer and viral diseases.
The present disclosure encompasses RNAi agents to HSF1, useful in treatment of HSF1-related disease, such as cancer and viral diseases.
Various Embodiments of the Disclosure Include the Following.
An RNAi Agent Comprising an Antisense Strand of an RNAi Agent Described Herein.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from any sequence provided in a table herein (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A, Table 9B, etc.). In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 from any sequence provided herein. In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the sense strand and the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 listed immediately above.
Particular duplexes include the following, wherein each duplex comprises a set of SEQ ID NOs, wherein the first SEQ ID NO corresponds to the sense strand and the second SEQ ID NO corresponds to the antisense strand: AD-20403 (SEQ ID NO: 131 and 643; or SEQ ID NO: 1155 and 1667); AD-20437 (SEQ ID NO: 166 and 678; or SEQ ID NO: 1190 and 1702); AD-20438 (SEQ ID NO: 167 and 679; or SEQ ID NO: 1191 and 1703); AD-20439 (SEQ ID NO: 168 and 680; or SEQ ID NO: 1192 and 1704); AD-20487 (SEQ ID NO: 169 and 681; or SEQ ID NO: 1193 and 1705); AD-20489 (SEQ ID NO: 171 and 683; or SEQ ID NO: 1195 and 1707); AD-20490 (SEQ ID NO: 172 and 684; or SEQ ID NO: 1196 and 1708); AD-20491 (SEQ ID NO: 173 and 685; or SEQ ID NO: 1197 and 1709); AD-20548 (SEQ ID NO: 234 and 746; or SEQ ID NO: 1258 and 1770); AD-20560 (SEQ ID NO: 269 and 781; or SEQ ID NO: 1293 and 1805); AD-20562 (SEQ ID NO: 271 and 783; or SEQ ID NO: 1295 and 1807); AD-20563 (SEQ ID NO: 272 and 784; or SEQ ID NO: 1296 and 1808); AD-20564 (SEQ ID NO: 273 and 785; or SEQ ID NO: 1297 and 1809); AD-20578 (SEQ ID NO: 285 and 797; or SEQ ID NO: 1309 and 1821); AD-20626 (SEQ ID NO: 290 and 802; or SEQ ID NO: 1314 and 1826); AD-20627 (SEQ ID NO: 291 and 803; or SEQ ID NO: 1315 and 1827); AD-20644 (SEQ ID NO: 308 and 820; or SEQ ID NO: 1332 and 1844); AD-20648 (SEQ ID NO: 312 and 824; or SEQ ID NO: 1336 and 1848); AD-20652 (SEQ ID NO: 316 and 828; or SEQ ID NO: 1340 and 1852); AD-20660 (SEQ ID NO: 324 and 836; or SEQ ID NO: 1348 and 1860); AD-20694 (SEQ ID NO: 377 and 889; or SEQ ID NO: 1401 and 1913); AD-20707 (SEQ ID NO: 393 and 905; or SEQ ID NO: 1417 and 1929); AD-20730 (SEQ ID NO: 415 and 927; or SEQ ID NO: 1439 and 1951); AD-20437.4 (SEQ ID NO: 3218 and SEQ ID NO: 3219); AD-20487.7 (SEQ ID NO: 3220 and SEQ ID NO: 3221); AD-20489.2 (SEQ ID NO: 3222 and SEQ ID NO: 3223); AD-20560.4 (SEQ ID NO: 3224 and SEQ ID NO: 3225); AD-37718.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3226 and SEQ ID NO: 3227); AD-37719.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3242 and SEQ ID NO: 3243); AD-37721.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3228 and SEQ ID NO: 3229); AD-37722.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3244 and SEQ ID NO: 3245); AD-37724.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3230 and SEQ ID NO: 3231); AD-37725.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3246 and SEQ ID NO: 3247); AD-37727.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3232 and SEQ ID NO: 3233); AD-37728.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3248 and SEQ ID NO: 3249); AD-37730.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3234 and SEQ ID NO: 3235); AD-37733.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3236 and SEQ ID NO: 3237); AD-37736.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3238 and SEQ ID NO: 3239); AD-37740.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3240 and SEQ ID NO: 3241); AD-36969.2 (SEQ ID NO: 3250 and SEQ ID NO: 3251); AD-30071.2 (SEQ ID NO: 3252 and SEQ ID NO: 3253); AD-36970.2 (SEQ ID NO: 3254 and SEQ ID NO: 3255); AD-37739.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3256 and SEQ ID NO: 3257); AD-37731.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3258 and SEQ ID NO: 3259); AD-37734.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3260 and SEQ ID NO: 3261); AD-37737.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3262 and SEQ ID NO: 3263); AD-37741.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3264 and SEQ ID NO: 3265); AD-37720.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3266 and SEQ ID NO: 3267); AD-37723.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3268 and SEQ ID NO: 3269); AD-37726.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3270 and SEQ ID NO: 3271); AD-37729.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3272 and SEQ ID NO: 3273); AD-37732.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3274 and SEQ ID NO: 3275); AD-37735.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3276 and SEQ ID NO: 3277); AD-37738.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3278 and SEQ ID NO: 3279); AD-37742.1 (SEQ ID NO: 3280 and SEQ ID NO: 3281); AD-20303 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 542; or SEQ ID NO: 1054 and 1566); AD-20313 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 552; or SEQ ID NO: 1064 and 1576); AD-20315 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 554; or SEQ ID NO: 1066 and 1578); AD-20348 (SEQ ID NO: 56 and 568; or SEQ ID NO: 1080 and 1592); AD-20362 (SEQ ID NO: 70 and 582; or SEQ ID NO: 1094 and 1606); AD-20364 (SEQ ID NO: 72 and 584; or SEQ ID NO: 1096 and 1608); AD-20365 (SEQ ID NO: 73 and 585; or SEQ ID NO: 1097 and 1609); AD-20366 (SEQ ID NO: 74 and 586; or SEQ ID NO: 1098 and 1610); AD-20373 (SEQ ID NO: 81 and 593; or SEQ ID NO: 1105 and 1617); AD-20376 (SEQ ID NO: 84 and 596; or SEQ ID NO: 1108 and 1620); AD-20378 (SEQ ID NO: 85 and 597; or SEQ ID NO: 1109 and 1621); AD-20386 (SEQ ID NO: 93 and 605; or SEQ ID NO: 1117 and 1629); AD-20389 (SEQ ID NO: 117 and 629; or SEQ ID NO: 1141 and 1653); AD-20391 (SEQ ID NO: 119 and 631; or SEQ ID NO: 1143 and 1655); AD-20392 (SEQ ID NO: 120 and 632; or SEQ ID NO: 1144 and 1656); AD-20397 (SEQ ID NO: 125 and 637; or SEQ ID NO: 1149 and 1661); AD-20398 (SEQ ID NO: 126 and 638; or SEQ ID NO: 1150 and 1662); AD-20399 (SEQ ID NO: 127 and 639; or SEQ ID NO: 1151 and 1663); AD-20401 (SEQ ID NO: 129 and 641; or SEQ ID NO: 1153 and 1665); AD-20402 (SEQ ID NO: 130 and 642; or SEQ ID NO: 1154 and 1666); AD-20404 (SEQ ID NO: 132 and 644; or SEQ ID NO: 1156 and 1668); AD-20406 (SEQ ID NO: 136 and 648; or SEQ ID NO: 1160 and 1672); AD-20407 (SEQ ID NO: 137 and 649; or SEQ ID NO: 1161 and 1673); AD-20408 (SEQ ID NO: 138 and 650; or SEQ ID NO: 1162 and 1674); AD-20409 (SEQ ID NO: 139 and 651; or SEQ ID NO: 1163 and 1675); AD-20410 (SEQ ID NO: 140 and 652; or SEQ ID NO: 1164 and 1676); AD-20411 (SEQ ID NO: 141 and 653; or SEQ ID NO: 1165 and 1677); AD-20413 (SEQ ID NO: 2042 and 2043; or SEQ ID NO: 2046 and 2047); AD-20422 (SEQ ID NO: 151 and 663; or SEQ ID NO: 1175 and 1687); AD-20428 (SEQ ID NO: 157 and 669; or SEQ ID NO: 1181 and 1693); AD-20434 (SEQ ID NO: 163 and 675; or SEQ ID NO: 1187 and 1699); AD-20435 (SEQ ID NO: 164 and 676; or SEQ ID NO: 1188 and 1700); AD-20488 (SEQ ID NO: 170 and 682; or SEQ ID NO: 1194 and 1706); AD-20493 (SEQ ID NO: 175 and 687; or SEQ ID NO: 1199 and 1711); AD-20495 (SEQ ID NO: 177 and 689; or SEQ ID NO: 1201 and 1713); AD-20502 (SEQ ID NO: 184 and 696; or SEQ ID NO: 1208 and 1720); AD-20507 (SEQ ID NO: 189 and 701; or SEQ ID NO: 1213 and 1725); AD-20513 (SEQ ID NO: 195 and 707; or SEQ ID NO: 1219 and 1731); AD-20527 (SEQ ID NO: 209 and 721; or SEQ ID NO: 1233 and 1745); AD-20535 (SEQ ID NO: 217 and 729; or SEQ ID NO: 1241 and 1753); AD-20544 (SEQ ID NO: 230 and 742; or SEQ ID NO: 1254 and 1766); AD-20545 (SEQ ID NO: 231 and 743; or SEQ ID NO: 1255 and 1767); AD-20546 (SEQ ID NO: 232 and 744; or SEQ ID NO: 1256 and 1768); AD-20547 (SEQ ID NO: 233 and 745; or SEQ ID NO: 1257 and 1769); AD-20549 (SEQ ID NO: 235 and 747; or SEQ ID NO: 1259 and 1771); AD-20552 (SEQ ID NO: 238 and 750; or SEQ ID NO: 1262 and 1774); AD-20555 (SEQ ID NO: 241 and 753; or SEQ ID NO: 1265 and 1777); AD-20556 (SEQ ID NO: 242 and 754; or SEQ ID NO: 1266 and 1778); AD-20557 (SEQ ID NO: 243 and 755; or SEQ ID NO: 1267 and 1779); AD-20558 (SEQ ID NO: 267 and 779; or SEQ ID NO: 1291 and 1803); AD-20561 (SEQ ID NO: 270 and 782; or SEQ ID NO: 1294 and 1806); AD-20565 (SEQ ID NO: 274 and 786; or SEQ ID NO: 1298 and 1810); AD-20566 (SEQ ID NO: 275 and 787; or SEQ ID NO: 1299 and 1811); AD-20572 (SEQ ID NO: 280 and 792; or SEQ ID NO: 1304 and 1816); AD-20574 (SEQ ID NO: 2044 and 2045; or SEQ ID NO: 2048 and 2049); AD-20575 (SEQ ID NO: 282 and 794; or SEQ ID NO: 1306 and 1818); AD-20577 (SEQ ID NO: 284 and 796; or SEQ ID NO: 1308 and 1820); AD-20579 (SEQ ID NO: 286 and 798; or SEQ ID NO: 1310 and 1822); AD-20625 (SEQ ID NO: 289 and 801; or SEQ ID NO: 1313 and 1825); AD-20633 (SEQ ID NO: 297 and 809; or SEQ ID NO: 1321 and 1833); AD-20634 (SEQ ID NO: 298 and 810; or SEQ ID NO: 1322 and 1834); AD-20640 (SEQ ID NO: 304 and 816; or SEQ ID NO: 1328 and 1840); AD-20646 (SEQ ID NO: 310 and 822; or SEQ ID NO: 1334 and 1846); AD-20650 (SEQ ID NO: 314 and 826; or SEQ ID NO: 1338 and 1850); AD-20653 (SEQ ID NO: 317 and 829; or SEQ ID NO: 1341 and 1853); AD-20661 (SEQ ID NO: 325 and 837; or SEQ ID NO: 1349 and 1861); AD-20671 (SEQ ID NO: 337 and 849; or SEQ ID NO: 1361 and 1873); AD-20693 (SEQ ID NO: 376 and 888; or SEQ ID NO: 1400 and 1912); AD-20700 (SEQ ID NO: 383 and 895; or SEQ ID NO: 1407 and 1919); AD-20702 (SEQ ID NO: 385 and 897; or SEQ ID NO: 1409 and 1921); AD-20709 (SEQ ID NO: 394 and 906; or SEQ ID NO: 1418 and 1930); AD-20710 (SEQ ID NO: 395 and 907; or SEQ ID NO: 1419 and 1931); AD-20714 (SEQ ID NO: 399 and 911; or SEQ ID NO: 1423 and 1935); AD-20716 (SEQ ID NO: 401 and 913; or SEQ ID NO: 1425 and 1937); AD-20728 (SEQ ID NO: 413 and 925; or SEQ ID NO: 1437 and 1949); AD-20741 (SEQ ID NO: 429 and 941; or SEQ ID NO: 1453 and 1965); AD-20764 (SEQ ID NO: 452 and 964; or SEQ ID NO: 1476 and 1988); AD-20783 (SEQ ID NO: 471 and 983; or SEQ ID NO: 1495 and 2007); AD-20278 (SEQ ID NOs: 2053 and 2064; or SEQ ID NOs: 2075 and 2086); AD-20279 (SEQ ID NOs: 2054 and 2065; or SEQ ID NOs: 2076 and 2087); AD-20280 (SEQ ID NOs: 2055 and 2066; or SEQ ID NOs: 2077 and 2088); AD-20281 (SEQ ID NOs: 2056 and 2067; or SEQ ID NOs: 2078 and 2089); AD-20282 (SEQ ID NOs: 2057 and 2068; or SEQ ID NOs: 2079 and 2090); AD-20283 (SEQ ID NOs: 2058 and 2069; or SEQ ID NOs: 2080 and 2091); AD-20377 (SEQ ID NOs: 2059 and 2070; or SEQ ID NOs: 2081 and 2092); AD-20570 (SEQ ID NOs: 2060 and 2071; or SEQ ID NOs: 2082 and 2093); AD-20580 (SEQ ID NOs: 2061 and 2072; or SEQ ID NOs: 2083 and 2094); AD-20597 (SEQ ID NOs: 2062 and 2073; or SEQ ID NOs: 2084 and 2095); and AD-20598 (SEQ ID NOs: 2063 and 2074; or SEQ ID NOs: 2085 and 2096). These example duplexes and the SEQ ID NOs for the specific sense strand (SS) and antisense strand (AS) are provided herein with their nucleotide sequence, e.g., as listed within Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A and Table 9B. Modified sequences (e.g., sequences comprising one or more chemically modified base) of each of the compositions above and each of the RNAi agents in Tables 1, 2, 3, 3A, 8, 9A and 9B are also contemplated as part of the disclosure.
Particular Compositions
In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to particular compositions comprising an RNAi agent comprising an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from any one or more of the sequences in Tables 1, 2, 3, 3A, 8, 9A and 9B. In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 listed in any one or more of Tables 1, 2, 3, 3A, 8, 9A and 9B. In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the sense strand and the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 listed immediately above. Particular duplexes include those specific duplexes provided above and as listed in any one or more of Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A and Table 9B. Additional modified sequences (e.g., sequences comprising one or more modified base) of each of the compositions above are also contemplated as part of the disclosure.
An RNAi Agent Comprising an Antisense Strand of an RNAi Agent Described Herein.
In one particular specific embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from those antisense strands in the specific duplexes provided above and as listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A, and Table 9B.
Various particular specific embodiments of this embodiment are described below.
In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a second RNAi agent to HSF1. In various embodiments, the second RNAi agent is physically separate from the first, or the two are physically connected (e.g., covalently linked or otherwise conjugated).
In one embodiment, the antisense strand is about 30 or fewer nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the antisense strand forms a duplex region with a sense strand, wherein the duplex region is about 15 to 30 nucleotide pairs in length.
In one embodiment, the antisense strand is about 15 to about 30 nucleotides in length, including about 19 to about 23 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, the antisense strand has at least the length selected from about 15 nucleotides, about 16 nucleotides, about 17 nucleotides, about 18 nucleotides, about 19 nucleotides, about 20 nucleotides, about 21 nucleotides, about 22 nucleotides, about 23 nucleotides, about 24 nucleotides, about 25 nucleotides, about 26 nucleotides, about 27 nucleotides, about 28 nucleotides, about 29 nucleotides and 30 nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises a modification that causes the RNAi agent to have increased stability in a biological sample or environment.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises at least one sugar backbone modification (e.g., phosphorothioate linkage) or at least one 2′-modified nucleotide.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises: at least one 5′-uridine-adenine-3′ (5′-ua-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; at least one 5′-uridine-guanine-3′ (5′-ug-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; at least one 5′-cytidine-adenine-3′ (5′-ca-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-cytidine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; or at least one 5′-uridine-uridine-3′ (5′-uu-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide. These dinucleotide motifs are particularly prone to serum nuclease degradation (e.g. RNase A). Chemical modification at the 2′-position of the first pyrimidine nucleotide in the motif prevents or slows down such cleavage. This modification recipe is also known under the term ‘endo light’.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises a 2″-modification selected from the group consisting of: 2′-deoxy, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro, 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-methoxyethyl (2′-O-MOE), 2′-O-aminopropyl (2′-O-AP), 2′-O-dimethylaminoethyl (2′-O-DMAOE), 2′-O-dimethylaminopropyl (2′-O-DMAP), 2′-O-dimethylaminoethyloxyethyl (2′-O-DMAEOE), and 2″-O—N-methylacetamido (2′-O—NMA). In one embodiment, all pyrimidines (uridine and cytidine) are 2′ O-methyl-modified nucleosides.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises at least one blunt end.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises an overhang having 1 nt to 4 nt unpaired.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises an overhang at the 3′-end of the antisense strand of the RNAi agent.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is ligated to one or more diagnostic compound, reporter group, cross-linking agent, nuclease-resistance conferring moiety, natural or unusual nucleobase, lipophilic molecule, cholesterol, lipid, lectin, steroid, uvaol, hecigenin, diosgenin, terpene, triterpene, sarsasapogenin, Friedelin, epifriedelanol-derivatized lithocholic acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, dextran, pullulan, chitin, chitosan, synthetic carbohydrate, oligo lactate 15-mer, natural polymer, low- or medium-molecular weight polymer, inulin, cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, protein, protein-binding agent, integrin-targeting molecule, polycationic, peptide, polyamine, peptide mimic, and/or transferrin.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 60% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 70% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 75% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 80% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 90% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 95% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 99% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi has an EC50 of no more than about 0.1 nM. EC50 is effective concentration to reduce gene expression by 50%.
In one embodiment, the RNAi has an EC50 of no more than about 0.01 nM.
In one embodiment, the RNAi has an EC50 of no more than about 0.001 nM.
An RNAi Agent Comprising a Sense and Antisense Strand of an RNAi Described Herein.
In one particular specific embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand and antisense strand comprise at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides, from the sense and antisense strand, respectively, of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from the specific duplexes provided above and as listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A, and Table 9B.
Various particular specific embodiments of this embodiment are described below.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises a second RNAi agent to HSF1. In various embodiments, the second RNAi agent is physically separate from the first, or the two are physically connected (e.g., chemically linked or otherwise conjugated).
In one embodiment, the antisense strand is about 30 or fewer nucleotides in length.
In one embodiment, the sense strand and the antisense strand form a duplex region about 15 to about 30 nucleotide pairs in length.
In one embodiment, the antisense strand and the sense strand are both about 19 to about 23 nt in length.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises a modification that causes the RNAi agent to have increased stability in a biological sample or environment.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises a modified sugar backbone such as, e.g., a phosphorothioate linkage, or comprises a 2′-modified nucleotide.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises: at least one 5′-uridine-adenine-3′ (5′-ua-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; at least one 5′-uridine-guanine-3′ (5′-ug-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; at least one 5′-cytidine-adenine-3′ (5′-ca-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-cytidine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; or at least one 5′-uridine-uridine-3′ (5′-uu-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises a 2′-modification selected from the group consisting of: 2′-deoxy, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro, 2′-O-methyl, 2″-O-methoxyethyl (2′-O-MOE), 2′-O-aminopropyl (2′-O-AP), 2′-O-dimethylaminoethyl (2′-O-DMAOE), 2″-O-dimethylaminopropyl (2′-O-DMAP), 2′-O-dimethylaminoethyloxyethyl (2′-O-DMAEOE), and 2′-O—N-methylacetamido (2′-O—NMA). In one embodiment, all pyrimidines (uridine and cytidine) are 2′ O-methyl-modified nucleosides.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises at least one blunt end.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises an overhang having 1 to 4 nt unpaired.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises an overhang at the 3′-end of the antisense strand of the RNAi agent.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is ligated to one or more diagnostic compound, reporter group, cross-linking agent, nuclease-resistance conferring moiety, natural or unusual nucleobase, lipophilic molecule, cholesterol, lipid, lectin, steroid, uvaol, hecigenin, diosgenin, terpene, triterpene, sarsasapogenin, Friedelin, epifriedelanol-derivatized lithocholic acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, dextran, pullulan, chitin, chitosan, synthetic carbohydrate, oligo lactate 15-mer, natural polymer, low- or medium-molecular weight polymer, inulin, cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, protein, protein-binding agent, integrin-targeting molecule, polycationic, peptide, polyamine, peptide mimic, and/or transferrin.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 60% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 70% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 80% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 90% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 95% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is capable of inhibiting expression of HSF1 by at least about 99% in WI-38 and/or HeLa cells in vitro.
In one embodiment, the RNAi has an EC50 of no more than about 0.1 nM.
In one embodiment, the RNAi has an EC50 of no more than about 0.01 nM.
In one embodiment, the RNAi has an EC50 of no more than about 0.001 nM.
A Method of Treatment Using an RNAi Agent Comprising a RNAi Agent Described Herein.
In one particular specific embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of treating a HSF1-related disease in an individual, comprising the step of administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from those specific duplexes provided above and as listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A and Table 9B. In one embodiment, the RNAi agent to HSF1 comprises an antisense strand duplexed with a sense strand, wherein the sense and antisense strands are selected from one or more of the sequences provided in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A or Table 9.
Various particular specific embodiments of this embodiment are described below.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is proliferative disease such as, e.g., a cancer, or is an autoimmune disease, or is a viral disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is cancer selected from the list of bladder, bone, breast, cervical, colon, colorectal, endometrial, fibrosarcoma, gastric, haematopoietic, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, neuroectodermal, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, ovary, pancreas, pleura, prostate, skin, squamous cell, stomach, and testicular cancers, leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional cancer treatment.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional cancer treatment selected from the list of actinomycin D, an inhibitor of HSP90 (heat shock protein 90), 17-AAG (tanespimycin), 17-DMAG (alvespimycin), IPI-504 (retaspimycin), IPI-493, SNX-5422 mesylate, AUY922, BIB021 CNF-2024, BIIB028, STA-9090, KW-2478, ATI3387, XL888, HSP990, MPC-3100, ABI-010 (as reviewed in Kim et al. 2009 Curr. Topics in Med. Chem. 9: 1479-1492), or 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 5-azacitidine, 5-fluoro-29-deoxyuridine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, 13-cis-retinoic acid, a goserlin implant, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, all-trans retinoic acid, alpha interferon, altretamine, amifostine, aminoglutethimide, anagrelide, anastrozole, arabinosylcytosine, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, bacillus calmette-guerin, bendamustine, bevacizumab, bexarotene, bicalutamide, bleomycin, bortezomib, busulfan, camptothecin, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, colcemid, Cycloheximide, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), dacarbazine, dactinomycin, dasatinib, daunorubicin liposomal, daunorubicin, decitabine, denileukin diftitox, dexamethazone, docetaxel, doxorubicin, edelfosine, ehlorambucil, epipodophyllotoxin, epirubicin, erlotinib, estramustine, etoposide, everolimus, exemestane, fenretinide, finasteride, flavopiridol, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fluoxymesterone, flutamide, fulvestrant, gefitinib, gemeitabine, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, goserelin, hexamethylmelamine, hydrocortisone, hydroxyurea, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ibtritumomab, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib, imidazole carboxamide, interleukin-11, interleukin-2, irinotecan, ixabepilone, lapatinib, L-asparaginase, lenalidomide, letrozole, leukovorin, leuprolide, mechlorethamine, megestrol, melphalan, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, mitixantrone, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, nelarabine, nitrogen mustard, octreotide, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, paclitaxel-albumin formulations, paclitaxel-protein formulations, pamidronate, panitumumab, pemetrexed, pentostatin, phenylalanine mustard, pirubicin, prednisolone, prednisone, procarbazine, Puromycin, raloxifene, rituxan, rubidomycin, sargramostim, sorafenib, staurosporine, steroids, streptozocin, sunitinib, tamoxifen, Taxol, tegafur, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, thalidomide, thiophosphoamide, thiotepa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab, trastuzumab, tretinoin, UFT, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vorinostat, and/or zoledronic acid. A RNAi agent to HSF1 can be used in conjunction with any additional treatment disclosed herein, as appropriate for the disease, optionally, in further conjunction with one or more additional RNAi agents to HSF1.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is a viral disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is a viral disease selected from the list of viral diseases mediated in whole or in part by adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, HTLV-1, SV40, polyoma virus, HIV, and/or Epstein-Barr virus.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional viral disease treatment.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional viral disease treatment selected from the list of Abacavir, Aciclovir, acyclovir (acycloguanosine), Adefovir, Amantadine, Ampligen, Amprenavir, Arbidol, Atazanavir, Atripla, bevirimat, Boceprevir, broad spectrum inhibitor, Cidofovir, Combivir, Darunavir, Delavirdine, Didanosine, Docosanol, Edoxudine, Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Enfuvirtide, Entecavir, Entry inhibitors, Entry or fusion inhibitor, Famciclovir, Fomivirsen, Fos amprenavir, Foscarnet, Fosfonet, Fusion inhibitor, Ganciclovir, Ibacitabine, Idoxuridine, Imiquimod, Immunovir, Indinavir, Inosine, Integrase inhibitor, Integrase inhibitor, Interferon, Interferon type I, Interferon type II, Interferon type III, Lamivudine, Lopinavir, Loviride, Maraviroc, Maturation inhibitor, Moroxydine, Nelfinavir, Nevirapine, Nexavir, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NOV-205, Nucleoside analogues, Nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Peginterferon alfa-2a, Penciclovir, Peramivir, Pleconaril, Podophyllotoxin, Protease inhibitor, Protease inhibitor, Raltegravir, Raltegravir, Reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Ribavirin, Rimantadine, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Saquinavir, Stavudine, Synergistic enhancer (antiretroviral), Tenofovir, Tenofovir disoproxil, Tipranavir, Trifluridine, Trizivir, Tromantadine, Truvada, Valaciclovir (Valtrex), Valganciclovir, Vicriviroc, Vidarabine, Viramidine, Zalcitabine, Zanamivir (Relenza), and Zidovudine. It will be understood that references to any additional treatment (e.g., viral disease treatment or cancer treatment or autoimmune disease treatment, etc.) are meant to also include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the active substances. If active substances comprised by components (a) and/or (b) have, for example, at least one basic center, they can form acid addition salts. Corresponding acid addition salts can also be formed having, if desired, an additionally present basic center. Active substances having an acid group, e.g., COOH, can form salts with bases. The active substances comprised in components (a) and/or (b) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may also be used in form of a hydrate or include other solvents used for crystallization.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is an autoimmune disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises a second RNAi agent to HSF1. In various embodiments, the second RNAi agent is physically distinct from the first, or the two are physically connected (e.g., linked or conjugated).
A Method of Inhibiting the Expression of HSF1, Using an RNAi Comprising an RNAi Agent Described Herein.
In one particular specific embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting the expression of HSF1 in an individual, comprising the step of administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising an RNAi agent of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the RNAi comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from those specific duplexes provided above and as listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 3A, Table 8, Table 9A, and Table 9B.
Various particular specific embodiments of this embodiment are described below.
In one embodiment, the individual is afflicted with or susceptible to an HSF1-related disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is proliferative disease, such as, e.g., a cancer.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is cancer selected from the list of bladder, bone, breast, cervical, colon, colorectal, endometrial, fibrosarcoma, gastric, haematopoietic, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, neuroectodermal, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, ovary, pancreas, pleura, prostate, skin, squamous cell, stomach, and testicular cancers, leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional cancer treatment.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional cancer treatment selected from the list of any cancer treatment listed herein, or known in the art.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is a viral disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is a viral disease selected from the list of viral diseases mediated in whole or in part by adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, HTLV-1, SV40, polyoma virus, HIV, and/or Epstein-Barr virus.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional viral disease treatment.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of administering an additional viral disease treatment selected from the list of any viral disease treatment listed herein.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is an autoimmune disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a second RNAi agent to HSF1. In various embodiments, the second RNAi agent is physically distinct from the first, or the two are physically connected (e.g., linked or conjugated).
Various particular specific embodiments of this disclosure are described below.
In one embodiment, the disclosure pertains to a composition according to any of the above embodiments, for use in a method of treating a HSF1-related disease in an individual, the method comprising the step of administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition according to any of the claims.
Various particular specific embodiments of this embodiment are described below.
In one embodiment, the disclosure pertains to the composition according to any of the above embodiments, for use in a method of inhibiting the expression of HSF1 in an individual, the method comprising the step of administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition according to any of the above embodiments.
One embodiment of the disclosure is the use of a composition according to any of the above embodiments, in the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of an HSF1-related disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is selected from cancer, viral disease or autoimmune disease.
In one embodiment, the disclosure pertains to the composition of any of the above embodiments, for use in the treatment of an HSF1-related disease.
In one embodiment, the HSF1-related disease is selected from cancer, viral disease or autoimmune disease.
In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting the expression of HSF1 in an cell, comprising the step of introducing into the cell a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from the HSF1 siRNAs disclosed herein.
In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting the expression of HSF1 in an cell, comprising the step of introducing into the cell a composition comprising an RNAi agent comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the antisense strand, and the sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides from the sense strand of an RNAi agent to HSF1 selected from the HSF1 siRNAs disclosed herein.
By “HSF1” is meant the gene or protein heat shock factor 1, or heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSTF1). HSF1 is the master regulator of the heat shock response, in which multiple genes are induced in response to temperature increase and other stresses. HSF1 has been designated HGNC ID HGNC:5224, on Chromosome 8q24.3. It (including homologues) is also identified as: GeneID: 3297; RefSeq IDs NM—005526; AccNo. M64673; Mouse Genome Database ID MGI:96238; Rat Genome Database ID RGD:620913; Entrez Gene ID 3297; CCDS IDs CCDS6419.1; Pubmed IDs 1871105; Ensembl ID ENS G00000185122; OMIM ID (NCBI) 140580; UCSC ID (UCSC) uc003zbt.2; and/or UniProt ID (mapped data supplied by UniProt) Q00613.
The amino acid sequence of human HSF1 is provided as SEQ ID NO 2050:
The functional domains of HSF1 have been delineated by mutagenesis. A sequence near the N terminus forms the DNA binding domain (numbered approximately aa 13-121; or aa 16-120, Shi et al. Adjacent to this is a hydrophobic region comprising three “leucine zippers” that mediate monomerization and trimerization (numbered approximately aa 126-217; or 137-212; or 137-203. A fourth hydrophobic patch or leucine zipper lies at approximately aa 378-407; this region is involved in negative regulation under non-stress conditions. The central part of the molecule contains a region that regulates the activity of transcriptional activation domains in response to stress. Sequences within the regulatory domain undergo specific phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in response to stress. This regulatory domain, which is rich in serines and prolines, lies at approximately aa 221-310, or 201-370. The C-terminal portion of HSF1 contains the main transcriptional activation regions; this comprises the 100 most C-terminal amino acids, or aa 395-503, or can perhaps be reduced to AD1 at aa 401-420 (Newton et al.). These domains are described in, inter alia, Green et al. 1995 Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 3354-3362; and Shi et al. 1995 Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 4309-4318. The HSF1 RNAi agent of the present disclosure can interact with a specific functional domain or domains of HSF1.
In various embodiments, the RNAi agents of the present disclosure specifically bind to HSF1 mRNA, in a sequence corresponding to a functional domain, e.g., in a sequence near the N terminus that forms the DNA binding domain; in the 4/3 hydrophobic repeat or “leucine zipper” that mediates trimerization; in the first, second, third or fourth leucine zipper; in the central part of the molecule that contains several elements that maintain HSF1 in its latent form, or that regulate the activity of transcriptional activation domains in response to stress; in sequences within the regulatory domain that undergo specific phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in response to stress; in the C-terminal portion of HSF1 that contains the main transcriptional activation regions; in the arrays of amphipathic alpha-helical residues in the amino-terminal domain of HSF family proteins that interact to form coiled coils; and/or in the fourth region of amphipathic alpha-helix in the carboxyl-terminal domain. In other embodiments, the RNAi agents of the present disclosure bind to the 5′ or 3′ UTR [untranslated region(s)].
In various embodiments, the RNAi agents of the present disclosure bind to HSF1 mRNA, but not in a sequence corresponding to a functional domain, e.g., not in a sequence near the N terminus that forms the DNA binding domain; not the 4/3 hydrophobic repeat or “leucine zipper” that mediates trimerization; not the first, second, third or fourth leucine zipper; not the central part of the molecule that contains several elements that maintain HSF1 in its latent form, or that regulate the activity of transcriptional activation domains in response to stress; not in sequences within the regulatory domain that undergo specific phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in response to stress; not in the C-terminal portion of HSF1 that contains the main transcriptional activation regions; not in the arrays of amphipathic alpha-helical residues in the amino-terminal domain of HSF family proteins that interact to form coiled coils; not in the fourth region of amphipathic alpha-helix in the carboxyl-terminal domain; or not in the 5′ or 3′ UTRs. In another embodiment, the RNAi agents of the present disclosure bind to the HSF1 mRNA, but not in sequence spanning nt 322 to 340 downstream of the gene transcription start site as described by Rossi et al. 2006 Cancer Res. 66:7678-7685.
As used herein, the phrase a “HSF1-related disease” means one or more of the following: a proliferative disease, including, e.g., a cancer, wherein the cancer is selected from one or more of cancers of bladder, bone, breast, cervical, colon, colorectal, endometrial, fibrosarcoma, gastric, haematopoietic, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, neuroectodermal, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, ovary, pancreas, pleura, prostate, skin, squamous cell, stomach, and testicular cancers, leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease; a viral disease, wherein the viral disease is selected from one or more of viral diseases mediated in whole or in part by adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, HTLV-1, SV40, polyoma virus, HIV, and/or Epstein-Barr virus; and an autoimmune disease, wherein the autoimmune disease is selected from one or more of lupus and a rheumatoid arthritis.
HSF1 has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer and viral diseases. HSF1 and other heat shock proteins (whose expression is increased by HSF1) are over-expressed in, or have otherwise been implicated in bladder, bone, breast, cervical, colon, colorectal, endometrial, fibrosarcoma, gastric, haematopoietic, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, neuroectodermal, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, ovary, pancreas, pleura, prostate, skin, squamous cell, stomach, and testicular cancers, leukemia (e.g., promyelocytic leukemia), and Hodgkin's disease. HSF1 is over-expressed in metastatic prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3M (as compared to the non-metastatic PC-3 line), and other prostate cancer cells.
The over-expression of HSF1 is correlated with an up-relation of heat shock protein HSP27. Hoang et al. 2000 Am. J. Pathol. 156: 857-864. HSP27 up-regulation is also associated with increased tumorigenicity and invasiveness of some cancers, including colon, breast, promyelocytic leukemia, testicular and prostate. HSF1 also plays a functional role in cancer cells under non-stress conditions; a dominant-negative HSF1 alters DNA content in PC-3 cell populations and inhibits aneuploidy. Wang et al. 2004 J. Biol. Chem. 279: 32651-32659. Many tumor types contain high concentrations of heat shock protein of the HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 families, which are up-regulated by HSF1. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, applicants note that it has been suggested that heat shock proteins (HSP) may block the pathways of apoptosis and permit malignant cells to arise despite the triggering of apoptotic signals during transformation. HSP expression may also afford protection of cancer cells from treatments such as chemotherapy and hyperthermia by thwarting the pro-apoptotic influence of these modalities. Tang et al. 2005 Cell Stress Chaperones 10: 46-58 and references therein. Rossi et al. also showed that decreasing HSF1 levels increased the sensitivity of uterine cervix carcinoma cells to cisplatin associated with hyperthermia. Over-expression of heat shock proteins is also associated with protection of cancer cells against doxorubicin and hyperthermia and other anti-cancer treatments. Helmbrecht et al. 2000 Cell Prolif. 33: 341-365.
Over-expression of heat shock proteins is also associated with viral infections, including those mediated by adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, HTLV-1, SV40, polyoma virus, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus. High heat shock protein levels are also associated with autoimmune diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibition of HSF1, e.g., via use of an anti-HSF1 RNAi agent, can thus be an effective treatment against cancer, and viral and other diseases. Few HSP inhibitors are known, but they include quercetin, a flavonoid that inhibits the HSF1. Zanini et al. 2007 J. Neurochem. 103:1344-354 and references therein. Quercetin can thus be used as a positive control for RNAi agents that inhibit HSF1 in treating a viral disease or cancer.
The human HSF1 gene has been cloned, Rabindran et al. 1991 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 6906-6910. Various sequences are available for human HSF1, including Genbank identifier NM—005526.2. The mouse (Mus musculus) HSF1 gene is, for example, Genbank id NM—008296.2. Another mouse HSF1 sequence is available as Acc. Number XM—128055 (as used in Yin et al. 2005 J. Mol. Cell. Card. 39: 681-689).
The Cynomolgus monkey (“Cyno”, or Macaca fascicularis) HSF1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2051), compared to the human sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2052), is presented below in Table A2:
The start (ATG) and stop (TAG) of the human HSF1 sequence and putative start and stop of the cyno HSF1 sequence are indicated in bold underlined. N indicates that the nucleotide was not determined at that position in the sequencing experiment.
In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent of the present disclosure comprises a sequence which is identical in the human, mouse and cyno HSF1 gene. This sequence identity facilitates animal testing prior to human testing.
In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent comprises a sequence which does not match that of any other gene. In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent comprises a sequence which differs from all other known non-HSF1 genes by at least 0, 1, 2 or 3 nucleotides.
In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent comprises a sequence which is identical to that in HSF2, HSF3 or HSF4. In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent comprises a sequence which is not identical to any in HSF2, HSF3 or HSF4.
In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent of the present disclosure comprises a sequence disclosed herein and is administered to a patient in need thereof (e.g., a patient suffering from cancer and/or a viral disease and/or autoimmune disease and/or HSF1-related disease). In one embodiment, the HSF1 RNAi agent of the present disclosure is administered to a patient in need thereof, along with one or more additional pharmaceutical agent appropriate for that disease. For example, a patient suffering from cancer can be administered a pharmacologically effective amount of one or more HSF1 RNAi agent along with a pharmacologically effective amount of one or more of any cancer treatment listed herein, and/or any other cancer treatment known in the art.
A patient suffering from a viral disease can be administered one or more RNAi agent to HSF1 and one or more additional viral disease treatment. This additional treatment can be selected from the list of any viral disease treatment listed herein, and/or any anti-viral known in the art.
The patient can also be administered more than one RNAi agent to HSF1.
In the case of cancer, autoimmune and viral diseases, the RNAi agent(s) and additional disease treatment(s) can be administered in any order, simultaneously or sequentially, or in multiple doses over time. Administration of the RNAi agent and the additional treatment can be, for example, simultaneous, concurrent, separate or sequential.
Simultaneous administration may, e.g., take place in the form of one fixed combination with two or more active ingredients, or by simultaneously administering two or more active ingredients that are formulated independently. Sequential use (administration) preferably means administration of one (or more) components of a combination at one time point, other components at a different time point, that is, in a chronically staggered manner, preferably such that the combination shows more efficiency than the single compounds administered independently (especially showing synergism). Separate use (administration) preferably means administration of the components of the combination independently of each other at different time points, preferably meaning that the components (a) and (b) are administered such that no overlap of measurable blood levels of both compounds are present in an overlapping manner (at the same time).
Also combinations of two or more of sequential, separate and simultaneous administration are possible, preferably such that the combination component-drugs show a joint therapeutic effect that exceeds the effect found when the combination component-drugs are used independently at time intervals so large that no mutual effect on their therapeutic efficiency can be found, a synergistic effect being especially preferred.
The term “delay of progression” as used herein means administration of the combination to patients being in a pre-stage or in an early phase, of the first manifestation or a relapse of the disease to be treated, in which patients, e.g., a pre-form of the corresponding disease is diagnosed or which patients are in a condition, e.g., during a medical treatment or a condition resulting from an accident, under which it is likely that a corresponding disease will develop.
“Jointly therapeutically active” or “joint therapeutic effect” means that the compounds may be given separately (in a chronically staggered manner, especially a sequence-specific manner) in such time intervals that they preferably, in the warm-blooded animal, especially human, to be treated, still show a (preferably synergistic) interaction (joint therapeutic effect). Whether this is the case, can inter alia be determined by following the blood levels, showing that both compounds are present in the blood of the human to be treated at least during certain time intervals.
For convenience, the meaning of certain terms and phrases used in the specification, examples, and appended claims, are provided below. If there is an apparent discrepancy between the usage of a term in other parts of this specification and its definition provided in this section, the definition in this section shall prevail.
As used throughout this disclosure, articles such as “a” and “an” refer to one or more than one (at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
As used herein, the term “RNAi agent,” “RNAi agent to HSF1”, “siRNA to HSF1”, “HSF1 siRNA” and the like refer to an siRNA (short inhibitory RNA), shRNA (short or small hairpin RNA), iRNA (interference RNA) agent, RNAi (RNA interference) agent, dsRNA (double-stranded RNA), microRNA, and the like, which specifically binds to the HSF1 gene. As used herein, the terms “iRNA” and “RNAi” refers to an agent that contains RNA, and which mediates the targeted cleavage of another RNA transcript via an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway. In one embodiment, the RNAi agent is an oligonucleotide composition that activates the RISC complex/pathway. In another embodiment, the RNAi agent comprises an antisense strand sequence (antisense oligonucleotide). In one embodiment, the RNAi comprises a single strand. This single-stranded RNAi agent oligonucleotide or polynucleotide can comprise the sense or antisense strand, as described by Sioud 2005 J. Mol. Biol. 348:1079-1090, and references therein. Thus the disclosure encompasses RNAi agents with a single strand comprising either the sense or antisense strand of an RNAi agent described herein.
RNA interference is a post-transcriptional, targeted gene-silencing technique that uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) containing the same sequence as the dsRNA. The process of RNAi occurs when ribonuclease III (Dicer) cleaves the longer dsRNA into shorter fragments called siRNAs. siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) are typically about 21 to 23 nucleotides long and comprise about 19 base pair duplexes. The smaller RNA segments then mediate the degradation of the target mRNA. Dicer has also been implicated in the excision of 21- and 22-nucleotide small temporal RNAs (stRNAs) from precursor RNA of conserved structure that are implicated in translational control. Hutvagner et al. 2001, Science, 293, 834. The RNAi response also features an endonuclease complex, commonly referred to as an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which mediates cleavage of single-stranded mRNA complementary to the antisense strand of the siRNA. Cleavage of the target RNA takes place in the middle of the region complementary to the antisense strand of the siRNA duplex.
Kits for RNAi synthesis are commercially available, e.g., from New England Biolabs and Ambion.
The use of the RNAi agent to HSF1 results in a decrease of HSF1 activity, level and/or expression, e.g., a “knock-down” or “knock-out” of the target gene or target sequence.
A suitable RNAi agent can be selected by any process known in the art or conceivable by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the selection criteria can include one or more of the following steps: initial analysis of the HSF1 gene sequence and design of RNAi agents; this design can take into consideration sequence similarity across species (human, cynomolgus, mouse, etc.) and dissimilarity to other (non-HSF1) genes; screening of RNAi agents in vitro (e.g., at 10 nM in WI-38 cells); determination of EC50 in HeLa cells; determination of viability of WI-38, HeLa and GTL16 cells treated with RNAi agents, wherein it is desired that the RNAi agent to HSF1 not inhibit the viability of these cells; testing with human PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), e.g., to test levels of TNF-alpha to estimate immunogenicity, wherein immunostimulatory sequences are less desired; testing in human whole blood assay, wherein fresh human blood is treated with an RNAi agent and cytokine/chemokine levels are determined [e.g., TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and/or MCP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1)], wherein Immunostimulatory sequences are less desired; determination of gene knockdown in vivo using Hep3B subcutaneous tumors in test animals; HSF1 target gene modulation analysis, e.g., using a pharmacodynamic (PD) marker, for example, HSP70 or HSP27, wherein HSF1 knockdown leads to a dose-dependent reduction of HSP70 and HSP27 expression in A375 cells; and optimization of specific modifications of the RNAi agents.
As used herein, “target sequence” or “target gene” refer to a contiguous portion of the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule formed during the transcription of a gene, e.g., a HSF1 gene, including mRNA that is a product of RNA processing of a primary transcription product. The target portion of the sequence will be at least long enough to serve as a substrate for iRNA-directed cleavage at or near that portion. For example, the target sequence will generally be from about 9-36 nucleotides (“nt”) in length, e.g., about 15-30 nucleotides in length, including all sub-ranges therebetween. As non-limiting examples, the target sequence can be from about 15-30 nt, about 15-26 nt, about 15-23 nt, about 15-22 nt, about 15-21 nt, about 15-20 nt, about 15-19 nt, about 15-18 nt, about 15-17 nt, about 18-30 nt, about 18-26 nt, about 18-23 nt, about 18-22 nt, about 18-21 nt, about 18-20 nt, about 19-30 nt, about 19-26 nt, about 19-23 nt, about 19-22 nt, about 19-21 nt, about 19-20 nt, about 20-30 nt, about 20-26 nt, about 20-25 nt, about 20-24 nt, about 20-23 nt, about 20-22 nt, about 20-21 nt, about 21-30 nt, about 21-26 nt, about 21-25 nt, about 21-24 nt, about 21-23 nt, or about 21-22 nt.
As used herein, the term “strand comprising a sequence” refers to an oligonucleotide comprising a chain of nucleotides that is described by the sequence referred to using the standard nucleotide nomenclature.
As used herein, and unless otherwise indicated, the term “complementary” refers to the ability of an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising a first nucleotide sequence to hybridize and form a duplex structure under certain conditions with an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising a second nucleotide sequence. Such conditions can, for example, be stringent, e.g., 400 mM NaCl, 40 mM PIPES pH 6.4, 1 mM EDTA, 50° C. or 70° C. for 12-16 hours followed by washing. Other conditions, such as physiologically relevant conditions as may be encountered inside an organism, can apply. The skilled person will be able to determine the set of conditions most appropriate for a test of complementarity of two sequences in accordance with the ultimate application of the hybridized nucleotides.
Complementary sequences within an iRNA, e.g., within a dsRNA as described herein, include base-pairing of the oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising a first nucleotide sequence to an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide comprising a second nucleotide sequence over the entire length of one or both sequences. Such sequences can be referred to as “fully complementary” with respect to each other herein. However, where a first sequence is referred to herein as “substantially complementary” with respect to a second sequence, the two sequences can be fully complementary, or they may form one or more, but generally not more than 5, 4, 3 or 2 mismatched base pairs upon hybridization for a duplex up to 30 base pairs, while retaining the ability to hybridize under the conditions most relevant to their ultimate application, e.g., inhibition of gene expression via a RISC pathway. However, where two oligonucleotides are designed to form, upon hybridization, one or more single stranded overhangs, such overhangs shall not be regarded as mismatches with regard to the determination of complementarity. For example, a dsRNA comprising one oligonucleotide 21 nt in length and another oligonucleotide 23 nt in length, wherein the longer oligonucleotide comprises a sequence of 21 nt that is fully complementary to the shorter oligonucleotide, may yet be referred to as “fully complementary” for the purposes herein.
“Complementary” sequences, as used herein, may also include, or be formed entirely from, non-Watson-Crick base pairs and/or base pairs formed from non-natural and modified nucleotides, in as far as the above requirements with respect to their ability to hybridize are fulfilled. Such non-Watson-Crick base pairs includes, but are not limited to, G:U Wobble or Hoogstein base pairing.
The terms “complementary,” “fully complementary” and “substantially complementary” herein may be used with respect to the base matching between the sense strand and the antisense strand of a dsRNA, or between the antisense strand of an iRNA agent and a target sequence, as will be understood from the context of their use.
As used herein, a polynucleotide that is “substantially complementary to at least part of” a messenger RNA (mRNA) refers to a polynucleotide that is substantially complementary to a contiguous portion of the mRNA of interest (e.g., an mRNA encoding HSF1). For example, a polynucleotide is complementary to at least a part of a HSF1 mRNA if the sequence is substantially complementary to a non-interrupted portion of an mRNA encoding HSF1.
The term “double-stranded RNA” or “dsRNA,” as used herein, refers to an iRNA that includes an RNA molecule or complex of molecules having a hybridized duplex region that comprises two anti-parallel and substantially complementary nucleic acid strands, which will be referred to as having “sense” and “antisense” orientations with respect to a target RNA. The antisense strand, with respect to the mRNA target, is also called the “guide” strand, and the sense strand is also called the “passenger” strand. The passenger strand can include at least one or more of the following: one or more extra nucleotides (e.g., a bulge or 1 nt loop) compared to the other strand, a nick, a gap, etc., compared to the other strand.
The duplex region can be of any length that permits specific degradation of a desired target RNA through a RISC pathway, but will typically range from 9 to 36 base pairs in length, e.g., 15-30 base pairs in length. Considering a duplex between 9 and 36 base pairs, the duplex can be any length in this range, for example, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36 and any sub-range therebetween, including, but not limited to 15-30 base pairs (“bp”), 15-26 bp, 15-23 bp, 15-22 bp, 15-21 bp, 15-20 bp, 15-19 bp, 15-18 bp, 15-17 bp, 18-30 bp, 18-26 bp, 18-23 bp, 18-22 bp, 18-21 bp, 18-20 bp, 19-30 bp, 19-26 bp, 19-23 bp, 19-22 bp, 19-21 bp, 19-20 bp, 20-30 bp, 20-26 bp, 20-25 bp, 20-24 bp, 20-23 bp, 20-22 bp, 20-21 bp, 21-30 bp, 21-26 bp, 21-25 bp, 21-24 bp, 21-23 bp, or 21-22 bp. dsRNAs generated in the cell by processing with Dicer and similar enzymes are generally in the range of about 19-22 base pairs in length. One strand of the duplex region of a dsDNA comprises a sequence that is substantially complementary to a region of a target RNA. The two strands forming the duplex structure can be from a single RNA molecule having at least one self-complementary region, or can be formed from two or more separate RNA molecules. Where the duplex region is formed from two strands of a single molecule, the molecule can have a duplex region separated by a single stranded chain of nucleotides (herein referred to as a “hairpin loop”) between the 3′-end of one strand and the 5′-end of the respective other strand forming the duplex structure. The hairpin loop can comprise at least one unpaired nucleotide; in some embodiments the hairpin loop can comprise at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 20, at least 23 or more unpaired nucleotides. Where the two substantially complementary strands of a dsRNA are comprised by separate RNA molecules, those molecules need not, but can be covalently connected. Where the two strands are connected covalently by means other than a hairpin loop, the connecting structure is referred to as a “linker.” The term “siRNA” is also used herein to refer to a dsRNA as described above.
In one aspect, an RNA interference agent includes a single stranded RNA that interacts with a target RNA sequence to direct the cleavage of the target RNA. Without wishing to be bound by theory, long double stranded RNA introduced into plants and invertebrate cells is broken down into siRNA by a Type III endonuclease known as Dicer (Sharp et al., Genes Dev. 2001, 15:485). Dicer, a ribonuclease-III-like enzyme, processes the dsRNA into 19-23 base pair short interfering RNAs with characteristic two base 3′ overhangs (Bernstein, et al., (2001) Nature 409:363). The siRNAs are then incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) where one or more helicases unwind the siRNA duplex, enabling the complementary antisense strand to guide target recognition (Nykanen, et al., (2001) Cell 107:309). Upon binding to the appropriate target mRNA, one or more endonucleases within the RISC cleaves the target to induce silencing (Elbashir, et al., (2001) Genes Dev. 15:188). Thus, in one aspect the disclosure relates to a single stranded RNA that promotes the formation of a RISC complex to effect silencing of the target gene.
As used herein, “down-regulates” refers to any statistically significant decrease in a biological activity and/or expression of HSF1, including full blocking of the activity (i.e., complete inhibition) and/or expression. For example, “down-regulation” can refer to a decrease of at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100% in HSF1 activity and/or expression.
As used herein, the term “inhibit” or “inhibiting” HSF1 refers to any statistically significant decrease in biological activity and/or expression of HSF1, including full blocking of the activity and/or expression. For example, “inhibition” can refer to a decrease of at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100% in HSF1 activity and/or expression. As used herein, the term “inhibit” similarly refers to a significant decrease in activity and/or expression, while referring to any other biological agent or composition.
By “level”, it is meant that the HSF1 RNAi agent can interfere with the detectable level of HSF1, e.g., the level of HSF1 mRNA or the level of HSF1 protein.
By “activity,” it is meant that the HSF1 RNAi agent can alter any known activity of HSF1, as described herein or as known in the literature.
By “heat shock” (HS) and “heat shock response” (HSR) is meant the biochemical response to environmental stress, such as elevated temperature. In the laboratory, experimental animals and cells can be maintained at a “non-shock” temperature (37° C. or lower) and heat shock can be induced at an elevated temperature (e.g., 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, or 45 degrees C. or higher). Experimentally, heat shock is typically induced at 42, 43 or 44 degrees C.
Heat shock is characterized by misfolding, denaturation and aggregation of various proteins; the induced heat shock proteins (HSP or HSPs) include chaperone proteins (chaperonins) and others which repair and/or remove these proteins. Genes induced during the heat shock response include, inter alia, HSP90, HSP70 and HSP27. The heat shock response can also be induced (or mimicked) by additional environmental conditions, such as oxidative stress, chemical stress, free radicals, ATP depletion, acidosis, heavy metals, alcohols, presence of antibiotics, inhibitors of energy metabolism, pathological conditions such as ischemia and reperfusion, inflammation, tissue damage, infection and mutant proteins associated with genetic diseases. Jolly et al. 2000 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92: 1564-1572; Dai et al. 2007 Cell 130: 1005-1018.
In one embodiment, the disclosure pertains to a HSF1 RNAi agent or other antisense nucleic acid complementary to a HSF1 gene (or portion thereof), or a recombinant expression vector encoding the antisense nucleic acid. As used herein, an “antisense” nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence complementary to a “sense” nucleic acid encoding the HSF1 protein (e.g., complementary to the coding strand of a double-stranded DNA, complementary to an mRNA or complementary to the coding strand of a HSF1 gene).
The use of antisense nucleic acids to down-modulate the expression of a particular protein in a cell is well known in the art. An antisense nucleic acid comprises a sequence complementary to, and is capable of hydrogen binding to, the coding strand of another nucleic acid (e.g., an mRNA). Antisense sequences complementary to an mRNA can be complementary to the coding region, the 5′ or 3′ untranslated region of the mRNA, and/or a region bridging the coding and untranslated regions, and/or portions thereof. Furthermore, an antisense nucleic acid can be complementary to a regulatory region of the gene encoding the mRNA, for instance a transcription or translation initiation sequence or regulatory element. Preferably, an antisense nucleic acid can be complementary to a region preceding or spanning the initiation codon on the coding strand or in the 3′ untranslated region of an mRNA.
Antisense nucleic acids can be designed according to the rules of Watson and Crick base pairing. The antisense nucleic acid molecule can be complementary to the entire coding region of HSF1 mRNA, but in at least one embodiment is an oligonucleotide which is antisense to only a portion of the coding or non-coding region of HSF1 mRNA. For example, the antisense oligonucleotide can be complementary to the region surrounding the translation start site of HSF1 mRNA. An antisense oligonucleotide can be, for example, about 5, about 10, about 15, about 16, about 17, about 18, about 19, about 20, about 21, about 22, about 23, about 24, about 25, about 30, about 35, about 40, about 45 or about 50 nt in length, or 5, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 nt in length.
siRNA may have modifications internally, or at one or both ends. Example modifications at the 5′ end are illustrated in
An antisense nucleic acid can be constructed using chemical synthesis and enzymatic ligation reactions using procedures known in the art. For example, an antisense nucleic acid (e.g., an antisense oligonucleotide) can be chemically synthesized using naturally-occurring nucleotides or variously modified nucleotides designed to decrease off-target effects, and/or increase the biological stability of the molecules or to increase the physical stability of the duplex formed between the antisense and sense nucleic acids. In at least one embodiment a modified sugar backbone, including a phosphorothioate linkage or its derivatives, and acridine substituted nucleotides can be used.
Each of “G,” “C,” “A,” “T” and “U” generally stand for a nucleotide that contains guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymidine and uracil as a base, respectively. However, the term “ribonucleotide” or “nucleotide” can also refer to a modified nucleotide or a surrogate replacement moiety. The skilled person is well aware that guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil may be replaced by other moieties without substantially altering the base pairing properties of an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide bearing such replacement moiety. For example, without limitation, a nucleotide comprising inosine as its base may base pair with nucleotides containing adenine, cytosine, or uracil. Hence, nucleotides containing uracil, guanine, or adenine may be replaced in the nucleotide sequences of dsRNA featured in the disclosure by a nucleotide containing, for example, inosine. In another example, adenine and cytosine anywhere in the oligonucleotide can be replaced with guanine and uracil, respectively to form G-U Wobble base pairing with the target mRNA. Sequences containing such replacement moieties are suitable for the compositions and methods featured in the disclosure.
The skilled artisan will recognize that the term “RNA molecule” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” encompasses not only RNA molecules as expressed or found in nature, but also analogs and derivatives of RNA comprising one or more ribonucleotide/ribonucleoside analogs or derivatives as described herein or as known in the art. Strictly speaking, a “ribonucleoside” includes a nucleoside base and a ribose sugar, and a “ribonucleotide” is a ribonucleoside with one, two or three phosphate moieties. However, the terms “ribonucleoside” and “ribonucleotide” can be considered to be equivalent as used herein. The RNA can be modified in the nucleobase structure or in the ribose-phosphate backbone structure, e.g., as described herein below. However, the molecules comprising ribonucleoside analogs or derivatives must retain the ability to form a duplex. As non-limiting examples, an RNA molecule can also include at least one modified ribonucleoside, including but not limited to a 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a nucleoside comprising a 5′ phosphorothioate linkage group, a terminal nucleoside linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, a locked nucleoside, an abasic nucleoside, a 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro modified nucleoside, a 2′-amino-modified nucleoside, 2′-alkyl-modified nucleoside, morpholino nucleoside, an unlocked ribonucleotide (e.g., an acyclic nucleotide monomer, as described in WO 2008/147824), a phosphoramidate or a non-natural base comprising nucleoside, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, an RNA molecule can comprise at least two modified ribonucleosides, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20 or more, up to the entire length of the dsRNA molecule. The modifications need not be the same for each of such a plurality of modified ribonucleosides in an RNA molecule. In one embodiment, modified RNAs contemplated for use in methods and compositions described herein are peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that have the ability to form the required duplex structure and that permit or mediate the specific degradation of a target RNA via a RISC pathway.
Examples of modified nucleotides which can be used to generate the antisense nucleic acid include 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil, hypoxanthine, xantine, 4-acetylcytosine, 5-(carboxyhydroxylmethyl)uracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N6-isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N6-adenine, 7-methylguanine, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, beta-D-mannosylqueosine, 5′-methoxycarboxymethyluracil, 5-methoxyuracil, 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), wybutoxosine, pseudouracil, queosine, 2-thiocytosine, 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 5-methyluracil, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid methylester, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 3-(3-amino-3-N-2-carboxypropyl)uracil, (acp3)w, and 2,6-diaminopurine.
In one aspect, a modified ribonucleoside includes a deoxyribonucleoside. In such an instance, an iRNA agent can comprise one or more deoxynucleosides, including, for example, a deoxynucleoside overhang(s), or one or more deoxynucleosides within the double stranded portion of a dsRNA. However, it is self-evident that under no circumstances is a double stranded DNA molecule encompassed by the term “iRNA.”
Replacing the 3′-terminal nucleotide overhanging segments of a 21-mer siRNA duplex having two-nucleotide 3′-overhangs with deoxyribonucleotides does not have an adverse effect on RNAi activity. Replacing up to four nucleotides on each end of the siRNA with deoxyribonucleotides has been well tolerated, whereas complete substitution with deoxyribonucleotides results in no RNAi activity. International PCT Publication No. WO 00/44914, and Beach et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/68836 preliminarily suggest that siRNA may include modifications to either the phosphate-sugar backbone or the nucleoside to include at least one of a nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom. Kreutzer et al. Canadian Patent Application No. 2,359,180, also describe certain chemical modifications for use in dsRNA constructs in order to counteract activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, specifically 2″-amino or 2′-O-methyl nucleotides, and nucleotides containing a 2″-0 or 4″-C methylene bridge. Additional 3′-terminal nucleotide overhangs include dT (deoxythimidine), 2′-O,4′-C-ethylene thymidine (eT), and 2-hydroxyethyl phosphate (hp).
Parrish et al. (2000 Molecular Cell 6: 1077-1087) tested certain chemical modifications targeting the unc-22 gene in C. elegans using long (>25 nt) siRNA transcripts. The authors describe the introduction of thiophosphate residues into these siRNA transcripts by incorporating thiophosphate nucleotide analogs with T7 and T3 RNA polymerase and observed that RNAs with two phosphorothioate modified bases also had substantial decreases in effectiveness as RNAi. Further, Parrish et al. reported that phosphorothioate modification of more than two residues greatly destabilized the RNAs in vitro such that interference activities could not be assayed. Id. at 1081. The authors also tested certain modifications at the 2′-position of the nucleotide sugar in the long siRNA transcripts and found that substituting deoxynucleotides for ribonucleotides produced a substantial decrease in interference activity, especially in the case of Uridine to Thymidine and/or Cytidine to deoxy-Cytidine substitutions. Id. In addition, the authors tested certain base modifications, including substituting, in sense and antisense strands of the siRNA, 4-thiouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-iodouracil, and 3-(aminoallyl)uracil for uracil, and inosine for guanosine. Whereas 4-thiouracil and 5-bromouracil substitution appeared to be tolerated, Parrish reported that inosine produced a substantial decrease in interference activity when incorporated in either strand. Parrish also reported that incorporation of 5-iodouracil and 3-(aminoallyl)uracil in the antisense strand resulted in a substantial decrease in RNAi activity as well.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to synthesize and modify the siRNA as desired, using any conventional method known in the art (see Henschel et al. 2004 DEQOR: a web-based tool for the design and quality control of siRNAs. Nucleic Acids Research 32 (Web Server Issue): W113-W120). Further, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that there are a variety of regulatory sequences (for example, constitutive or inducible promoters, tissue-specific promoters or functional fragments thereof, etc.) which are useful for the antisense oligonucleotide, siRNA, or shRNA expression construct/vector.
There are several examples in the art describing sugar, base, phosphate and backbone modifications that can be introduced into nucleic acid molecules with significant enhancement in their nuclease stability and efficacy. For example, oligonucleotides are modified to enhance stability and/or enhance biological activity by modification with nuclease resistant groups, for example, 2′-amino, 2′-C-allyl, 2′-fluoro, 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-H, nucleotide base modifications (for a review see Usman and Cedergren 1992 TIBS. 17: 34; Usman et al. 1994 Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 31: 163; Burgin et al. 1996 Biochemistry 35: 14090). Sugar modifications of nucleic acids have been extensively described in the art.
Additional modifications and conjugations of RNAi agents have been described. Soutschek et al. 2004 Nature 432: 173-178 presented conjugation of cholesterol to the 3′-end of the sense strand of a siRNA molecule by means of a pyrrolidine linker, thereby generating a covalent and irreversible conjugate. Chemical modifications (including conjugation with other molecules) of siRNA may also be made to improve the in vivo pharmacokinetic retention time and efficiency.
In various embodiments, the RNAi agent to HSF1 comprises at least one 5′-uridine-adenine-3′ (5′-ua-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; at least one 5′-uridine-guanine-3′ (5′-ug-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; at least one 5′-cytidine-adenine-3′ (5′-ca-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-cytidine is a 2′-modified nucleotide; or at least one 5′-uridine-uridine-3′ (5′-uu-3′) dinucleotide, wherein the 5′-uridine is a 2′-modified nucleotide.
In various embodiments, the RNAi agent comprises a 2″-modification selected from the group consisting of: 2′-deoxy, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro, 2′-O-methyl, 2″-O-methoxyethyl (2′-O-MOE), 2′-O-aminopropyl (2′-O-AP), 2′-O-dimethylaminoethyl (2′-O-DMAOE), 2′-O-dimethylaminopropyl (2′-O-DMAP), 2′-O-dimethylaminoethyloxyethyl (2′-O-DMAEOE), and 2″-O—N-methylacetamido (2′-O—NMA).
In another embodiment, the RNAi comprises a gap or missing base. For example, the phosphate-sugar backbone may be present, but the base missing.
In another embodiment, the RNAi agent has a single-stranded nick (e.g., a break or missing bond in the backbone). This nick can be, for example, in the sense strand, producing a small internally segmented interfering RNA, or sisiRNA, which may have less off-target effects than the corresponding RNAi agent without a nick.
The antisense nucleic acid or RNAi agent can also have an alternative backbone such as locked nucleic acids (LNA), Morpholinos, peptidic nucleic acids (PNA), threose nucleic acid (TNA), or glycol nucleic acid (GNA), and/or it can be labeled (e.g., radiolabeled or otherwise tagged). One or both strands can comprise an alternative backbone
In yet another embodiment, the antisense nucleic acid molecule employed by the methods of the present disclosure can include an α-anomeric nucleic acid molecule. An α-anomeric nucleic acid molecule forms specific double-stranded hybrids with complementary RNA in which, contrary to the usual β-units, the strands run parallel to each other. Gaultier et al. 1987 Nucleic Acids. Res. 15: 6625-6641. The antisense nucleic acid molecule can also comprise a 2′-o-methylribonucleotide (Inoue et al. 1987 Nucleic Acids Res. 15: 6131-6148) or a chimeric RNA-DNA analogue (Inoue et al. 1987 FEBS Lett. 215: 327-330).
In still another embodiment, an antisense nucleic acid is a ribozyme. Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules with ribonuclease activity which are capable of cleaving a single-stranded nucleic acid, such as an mRNA, to which they have a complementary region. Thus, ribozymes [e.g., hammerhead ribozymes (described in Haselhoff et al. 1988, Nature 334: 585-591)] can be used to catalytically cleave HSF1 mRNA transcripts to thereby inhibit translation of HSF1 mRNA.
Alternatively, gene expression can be inhibited by targeting nucleotide sequences complementary to the regulatory region of HSF1 (e.g., the promoter and/or enhancers) to form triple helical structures that prevent transcription of the HSF1 gene. See generally, Helene 1991 Anticancer Drug Des. 6(6): 569-84; Helene et al. 1992 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 660: 27-36; and Maher 1992, Bioassays 14(12): 807-15.
Alternatively, the antisense nucleic acid can be produced biologically using an expression vector into which a nucleic acid has been subcloned in an antisense orientation (i.e., RNA transcribed from the inserted nucleic acid will be in an antisense orientation to a target nucleic acid of interest).
The antisense nucleic acid molecules of the present disclosure are typically administered to a subject or generated in situ such that they hybridize with cellular mRNA and/or genomic DNA encoding HSF1, and inhibit expression by inhibiting transcription and/or translation. An example of a route of administration of antisense nucleic acid molecules includes direct injection at a tissue site. Alternatively, antisense nucleic acid molecules can be modified to target selected cells and then administered systemically. For example, for systemic administration, antisense molecules can be modified such that they specifically bind to receptors or antigens expressed on a selected cell surface, e.g., by linking the antisense nucleic acid molecules to peptides or antibodies which bind to cell surface receptors or antigens. The antisense nucleic acid molecules can also be delivered to cells using vectors well known in the art and described in, for example, US20070111230, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein. To achieve sufficient intracellular concentrations of the antisense molecules, vector constructs in which the antisense nucleic acid molecule is placed under the control of a strong pol II or pol III promoter can be used.
RNAi (RNA interference) has been studied in a variety of systems. Recent work in Drosophila embryonic lysates (Elbashir et al. 2001 EMBO J. 20: 6877 and Tuschl et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/75164) has revealed certain requirements for siRNA length, structure, chemical composition, and sequence that are essential to mediate efficient RNAi activity. These studies have shown that 21-nucleotide siRNA duplexes are most active when containing 3′-terminal dinucleotide overhangs. Substitution of the 3′-terminal siRNA overhang nucleotides with 2′-deoxy nucleotides (2′-H) was tolerated. In addition, a 5′-phosphate on the target-complementary strand of an siRNA duplex is usually required for siRNA activity.
The use of longer dsRNA has been described. For example, Beach et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/68836, describes attenuating gene expression using endogenously-derived dsRNA. Tuschl et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/75164, describe a Drosophila in vitro RNAi system and the use of specific siRNA molecules for certain functional genomic and certain therapeutic applications. Li et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 00/44914, describe the use of specific long (141 bp-488 bp) enzymatically synthesized or vector expressed dsRNAs for attenuating the expression of certain target genes. Zernicka-Goetz et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/36646, describe certain methods for inhibiting the expression of particular genes in mammalian cells using certain long (550 bp-714 bp), enzymatically synthesized or vector expressed dsRNA molecules. Fire et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 99/32619, describe particular methods for introducing certain long dsRNA molecules into cells for use in inhibiting gene expression in nematodes. Plaetinck et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 00/01846, describe certain methods for identifying specific genes responsible for conferring a particular phenotype in a cell using specific long dsRNA molecules. Mello et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/29058, describe the identification of specific genes involved in dsRNA-mediated RNAi. Pachuck et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 00/63364, describe certain long (at least 200 nt) dsRNA constructs. Deschamps Depaillette et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 99/07409, describe specific compositions consisting of particular dsRNA molecules combined with certain anti-viral agents. Waterhouse et al. International PCT Publication No. 99/53050 and 1998, PNAS, 95, 13959-13964, describe certain methods for decreasing the phenotypic expression of a nucleic acid in plant cells using certain dsRNAs. Driscoll et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/49844, describe specific DNA expression constructs for use in facilitating gene silencing in targeted organisms.
Others have reported on various RNAi and gene-silencing systems. For example, Parrish et al. 2000, Molecular Cell 6: 1077-1087 describes specific chemically modified dsRNA constructs targeting the unc-22 gene of C. elegans. Grossniklaus, International PCT Publication No. WO 01/38551, describes certain methods for regulating polycomb gene expression in plants using certain dsRNAs. Churikov et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/42443, describe certain methods for modifying genetic characteristics of an organism using certain dsRNAs. Cogoni et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 01/53475, describe certain methods for isolating a Neurospora silencing gene and uses thereof. Reed et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/68836, describe certain methods for gene silencing in plants. Honer et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/70944, describe certain methods of drug screening using transgenic nematodes as Parkinson's Disease models using certain dsRNAs. Deak et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/72774, describe certain Drosophila-derived gene products that may be related to RNAi in Drosophila. Arndt et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/92513 describe certain methods for mediating gene suppression by using factors that enhance RNAi. Tuschl et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 02/44321, describe certain synthetic siRNA constructs. Pachuk et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 00/63364, and Satishchandran et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 01/04313, describe certain methods and compositions for inhibiting the function of certain polynucleotide sequences using certain long (over 250 bp), vector expressed dsRNAs. Echeverri et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 02/38805, describe certain C. elegans genes identified via RNAi. Kreutzer et al. International PCT Publications Nos. WO 02/055692, WO 02/055693, and EP 1144623 B1 describes certain methods for inhibiting gene expression using dsRNA. Graham et al. International PCT Publications Nos. WO 99/49029 and WO 01/70949, and AU 4037501 describe certain vector expressed siRNA molecules. Fire et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,559, describe certain methods for inhibiting gene expression in vitro using certain long dsRNA (299 bp-1033 bp) constructs that mediate RNAi. Martinez et al. 2002, Cell, 110, 563-574, describe certain single-stranded siRNA constructs, including certain 5′-phosphorylated single-stranded siRNAs that mediate RNA interference in HeLa cells. Harborth et al. 2003, Antisense & Nucleic Acid Drug Development, 13, 83-105, describe certain chemically and structurally modified siRNA molecules. Chiu and Rana, 2003, RNA, 9, 1034-1048, describe certain chemically and structurally modified siRNA molecules. Woolf et al. International PCT Publication Nos. WO 03/064626 and WO 03/064625 describe certain chemically modified dsRNA constructs.
In various embodiments, the RNAi agent to HSF1 is ligated to one or more diagnostic compound, reporter group, cross-linking agent, nuclease-resistance conferring moiety, natural or unusual nucleobase, lipophilic molecule, cholesterol, lipid, lectin, steroid, uvaol, hecigenin, diosgenin, terpene, triterpene, sarsasapogenin, Friedelin, epifriedelanol-derivatized lithocholic acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, dextran, pullulan, chitin, chitosan, synthetic carbohydrate, oligo lactate 15-mer, natural polymer, low- or medium-molecular weight polymer, inulin, cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, protein, protein-binding agent, integrin-targeting molecule, polycationic, peptide, polyamine, peptide mimic, and/or transferrin.
RNAi agents of the present disclosure can be delivered or introduced (e.g., to a cell in vitro or to a patient) by any means known in the art.
“Introducing into a cell,” when referring to an iRNA, means facilitating or effecting uptake or absorption into the cell, as is understood by those skilled in the art. Absorption or uptake of an iRNA can occur through unaided diffusive or active cellular processes, or by auxiliary agents or devices. The meaning of this term is not limited to cells in vitro; an iRNA may also be “introduced into a cell,” wherein the cell is part of a living organism. In such an instance, introduction into the cell will include the delivery to the organism. For example, for in vivo delivery, iRNA can be injected into a tissue site or administered systemically. In vivo delivery can also be by a beta-glucan delivery system, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,032,401 and 5,607,677, and U.S. Publication No. 2005/0281781 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In vitro introduction into a cell includes methods known in the art such as electroporation and lipofection. Further approaches are described below or known in the art.
Delivery of RNAi agent to tissue is a problem both because the material must reach the target organ and must also enter the cytoplasm of target cells. RNA cannot penetrate cellular membranes, so systemic delivery of naked RNAi agent is unlikely to be successful. RNA is quickly degraded by RNAse activity in serum. For these reasons, other mechanisms to deliver RNAi agent to target cells has been devised. Methods known in the art include but are not limited to: viral delivery (retrovirus, adenovirus, lentivirus, baculovirus, AAV); liposomes (Lipofectamine, cationic DOTAP, neutral DOPC) or nanoparticles (cationic polymer, PEI), bacterial delivery (tkRNAi), and also chemical modification (LNA) of siRNA to improve stability. Xia et al. 2002 Nat. Biotechnol. 20 and Devroe et al. 2002. BMC Biotechnol. 2 1: 15, disclose incorporation of siRNA into a viral vector. Other systems for delivery of RNAi agents are contemplated, and the RNAi agents of the present disclosure can be delivered by various methods yet to be found and/or approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities.
Liposomes have been used previously for drug delivery (e.g., delivery of a chemotherapeutic). Liposomes (e.g., cationic liposomes) are described in PCT publications WO02/100435A1, WO03/015757A1, and WO04029213A2; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,962,016; 5,030,453; and 6,680,068; and U.S. Patent Application 2004/0208921. A process of making liposomes is also described in WO04/002453A1. Furthermore, neutral lipids have been incorporated into cationic liposomes (e.g., Farhood et al. 1995). Cationic liposomes have been used to deliver RNAi agent to various cell types (Sioud and Sorensen 2003; U.S. Patent Application 2004/0204377; Duxbury et al., 2004; Donze and Picard, 2002). Use of neutral liposomes disclosed in Miller et al. 1998, and U.S. Publ. 2003/0012812.
As used herein, the term “SNALP” refers to a stable nucleic acid-lipid particle. A SNALP represents a vesicle of lipids coating a reduced aqueous interior comprising a nucleic acid such as an iRNA or a plasmid from which an iRNA is transcribed. SNALPs are described, e.g., in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 20060240093, 20070135372, and in International Application No. WO 2009082817. These applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Chemical transfection using lipid-based, amine-based and polymer-based techniques, is disclosed in products from Ambion Inc., Austin, Tex.; and Novagen, EMD Biosciences, Inc, an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); Ovcharenko D (2003) “Efficient delivery of siRNAs to human primary cells.” Ambion TechNotes 10 (5): 15-16). Additionally, Song et al. (Nat. Med. published online (Fete 10, 2003) doi: 10.1038/nm828) and others [Caplen et al. 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), 98: 9742-9747; and McCaffrey et al. Nature 414: 34-39] disclose that liver cells can be efficiently transfected by injection of the siRNA into a mammal's circulatory system.
A variety of molecules have been used for cell-specific RNAi agent delivery. For example, the nucleic acid-condensing property of protamine has been combined with specific antibodies to deliver siRNAs. Song et al. 2005 Nat. Biotech. 23: 709-717. The self-assembly PEGylated polycation polyethylenimine (PEI) has also been used to condense and protect siRNAs. Schiffelers et al. 2004 Nucl. Acids Res. 32: e149, 141-1 10.
The siRNA-containing nanoparticles were then successfully delivered to integrin-overexpressing tumor neovasculature. Hu-Lieskovan et al. 2005 Cancer Res. 65: 8984-8992.
The RNAi agents of the present disclosure can be delivered via, for example, Lipid nanoparticles (LNP); neutral liposomes (NL); polymer nanoparticles; double-stranded RNA binding motifs (dsRBMs); or via modification of the RNAi agent (e.g., covalent attachment to the dsRNA).
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are self-assembling cationic lipid based systems. These can comprise, for example, a neutral lipid (the liposome base); a cationic lipid (for siRNA loading); cholesterol (for stabilizing the liposomes); and PEG-lipid (for stabilizing the formulation, charge shielding and extended circulation in the bloodstream). The cationic lipid can comprise, for example, a headgroup, a linker, a tail and a cholesterol tail. The LNP can have, for example, good tumor delivery, extended circulation in the blood, small particles (e.g., less than 100 nm), and stability in the tumor microenvironment (which has low pH and is hypoxic).
Neutral liposomes (NL) are non-cationic lipid based particles.
Polymer nanoparticles are self-assembling polymer-based particles.
Double-stranded RNA binding motifs (dsRBMs) are self-assembling RNA binding proteins, which will need modifications.
siRNAs that are particularly useful for this disclosure include those which can bind specifically to a region of the HSF1 mRNA, and have one or more of the following qualities: binding in the coding segment of HSF1; binding at or near the junction of the 5′ untranslated region and the start of the coding segment; binding at or near the translational start site of the mRNA; binding at or near junctions of exons and introns; little or no binding to the mRNAs of other genes (little or no “off-target effects”); binding to the HSF1 mRNA in or near a region or regions that is not double-stranded or a stem region, e.g., in a loop or single-stranded portion; eliciting little or no immunogenicity; binding in a segment of the HSF1 mRNA sequence which is conserved among various animal species (including human, mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey, etc.), as the presence of a conserved sequence facilitates testing using various laboratory animals; binding to double-stranded region(s) of the mRNA; binding to an AT-rich region (e.g., at least about 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, or 60% AT-rich); and lacking particular sequences known or suspected to decrease siRNA activity, e.g., the presence of a GG sequence at the 5′ end, which may decrease separation of the double-stranded portion of the siRNA.
RNAi agents can be designed as HSF1 RNAi agents which bind to and assist in degradation of HSF1 mRNA. The anti-HSF1 RNAi agents can be designed to bind to the coding segment or non-coding segment (e.g., the 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions, or UTRs). Preferably the RNAi agent binds to the coding segment of the mRNA. The RNAi agents can have double-stranded regions of, for example, about 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 bp. Preferably the RNAi agent comprises about 19, 20 or 21 bp. The RNAi agents can be longer (e.g., up to 49 bp), as incorporated into a construct suitable for shortening by the Dicer complex. The RNAi can also be incorporated into a longer construct for expression prior to further shortening and processing.
The RNAi agents comprise a first strand and a second strand. In one embodiment, the first and second strands are a sense strand and an antisense strand, respectively. In other embodiments, the first and second strands are an antisense and sense strand, respectively. The first strand thus can comprise a sense or antisense strand of any sequence disclosed herein, or a variant sequence thereof comprising 15 contiguous nucleotides with up to 3 mismatches; and the second strand can thus comprise the corresponding antisense or sense strand of any sequence disclosed herein, or a variant sequence thereof comprising 15 contiguous nucleotides with up to 3 mismatches.
The term “antisense strand” refers to the strand of an iRNA, e.g., a dsRNA, which includes a region that is substantially complementary to a target sequence. As used herein, the term “region of complementarity” refers to the region on the antisense strand that is substantially complementary to a sequence, for example a target sequence, as defined herein. Where the region of complementarity is not fully complementary to the target sequence, the mismatches may be in the internal or terminal regions of the molecule. Generally, the most tolerated mismatches are in the terminal regions, e.g., within 5, 4, 3, or 2 nucleotides of the 5′ and/or 3′ terminus.
The term “sense strand,” as used herein, refers to the strand of an iRNA that includes a region that is substantially complementary to a region of the antisense strand as that term is defined herein.
The RNAi agents can have 0, 1, or 2 overhangs; in the case of 0 nt overhangs, both ends are blunt-ended. An RNAi agent can have 0, 1 or 2 blunt ends. In a “blunt-ended RNAi agent” no strands contain unpaired nucleotides at that end; thus a blunt-ended molecule lacks either 3′ or 5′ single-stranded nucleotide overhangs.
As used herein, the term “overhang” or “nucleotide overhang” refer to at least one unpaired nucleotide that protrudes from the duplex structure of an iRNA, e.g., a dsRNA. For example, when a 3′-end of one strand of a dsRNA extends beyond the 5′-end of the other strand, or vice versa, there is an overhang. A dsRNA can comprise an overhang of at least one nucleotide; alternatively the overhang can comprise at least 2 nt, at least 3 nt, at least 4 nt, at least 5 nt or more. An overhang can comprise or consist of a nucleotide/nucleoside analog, including a deoxynucleotide/nucleoside. The overhang(s) may be on the sense strand, the antisense strand or any combination thereof. The nucleotide(s) of an overhang can be present on the 5′ end, 3′ end or both ends of either an antisense or sense strand of a dsRNA.
The terms “blunt” or “blunt-ended” as used herein in reference to a dsRNA mean that there are no unpaired nucleotides or nucleotide analogs at a given terminal end of a dsRNA, i.e., no nucleotide overhang. One or both ends of a dsRNA can be blunt. Where both ends of a dsRNA are blunt, the dsRNA is said to be blunt ended. To be clear, a “blunt ended” dsRNA is a dsRNA that is blunt at both ends, i.e., no nucleotide overhang at either end of the molecule. Most often such a molecule will be double-stranded over its entire length.
In one embodiment, a blunt end of an RNAi duplex is chemically modified by the addition of a 3′ cap, e.g., those described in WO 2005/021749 and WO 2007/128477. In such embodiments, the 3′ caps are non-nucleotidic, and thus do not constitute an overhang.
The mRNA sequence of a gene may vary from individual to individual, especially at wobble positions within the coding segment, or in the untranslated region; individuals may also differ from each other in coding sequence, resulting in additional differences in mRNA and corresponding RNAi agent sequence. RNAi agents can also be modified in sequence to reduce immunogenicity, binding to undesired genes (e.g., “off-target effects”) or to increase stability in the blood. (These sequence variants are independent of chemical modification of the bases or 5′ or 3′ or other end-caps of the RNAi agents.)
Example anti-HSF1 RNAi agents include those which bind to an HSF1 gene provided herein. Example siRNAs to HSF1 are provided in any one or more of Tables 1, 2, 3, 3A, 8, 9A and 9B.
Measuring the Effect of an RNAi Agent on HSF1 Activity, Level and/or Expression
Any method known in the art can be use to measure changes in HSF1 activity, level and/or expression induced by a HSF1 siRNA. Measurements can be performed at multiple timepoints, prior to, during and after administration of the siRNA, to determine the effect of the siRNA.
The RNAi agents of the present disclosure silence, inhibit the expression of, down-regulate the expression of, and/or suppress the expression of HSF1.
The terms “silence,” “inhibit the expression of,” “down-regulate the expression of,” “suppress the expression of,” and the like, in so far as they refer to a HSF1 gene, herein refer to the at least partial suppression of the expression of a HSF1 gene, as manifested by a reduction of the amount of HSF1 mRNA which may be isolated from or detected in a first cell or group of cells in which a HSF1 gene is transcribed and which has or have been treated such that the expression of a HSF1 gene is inhibited, as compared to a second cell or group of cells substantially identical to the first cell or group of cells but which has or have not been so treated (control cells). The degree of inhibition is usually expressed in terms of
Alternatively, the degree of inhibition may be given in terms of a reduction of a parameter that is functionally linked to HSF1 gene expression, e.g., the amount of protein encoded by a HSF1 gene, or the number of cells displaying a certain phenotype, e.g., modulation of expression of a gene (e.g., HSP70) whose expression is mediated in whole or in part by HSF1. In principle, HSF1 gene silencing may be determined in any cell expressing HSF1, either constitutively or by genomic engineering, and by any appropriate assay. However, when a reference or control is needed in order to determine whether a given iRNA inhibits the expression of HSF1 by a certain degree and therefore is encompassed by the instant disclosure, the assays provided in the Examples below shall serve as such reference.
For example, in certain instances, expression of a HSF1 gene is suppressed by at least about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% by administration of an iRNA featured in the disclosure. In some embodiments, a HSF1 gene is suppressed by at least about 60%, 70%, or 80% by administration of an iRNA featured in the disclosure. In some embodiments, a HSF1 gene is suppressed by at least about 85%, 90%, or 95% or more by administration of an iRNA as described herein.
As used herein in the context of HSF1 expression, the terms “treat,” “treatment,” and the like, refer to relief from or alleviation of pathological processes mediated by HSF1 expression. In the context of the present disclosure insofar as it relates to any of the other conditions recited herein below (other than pathological processes mediated by HSF1 expression), the terms “treat,” “treatment,” and the like mean to relieve or alleviate at least one symptom associated with such condition, or to slow or reverse the progression or anticipated progression of such condition, such as slowing the progression of a lipid disorder, such as atherosclerosis.
By “lower” in the context of a disease marker or symptom is meant a statistically significant decrease in such level. The decrease can be, for example, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40% or more. If, for a particular disease, or for an individual suffering from a particular disease, the levels or expression of HSF1 are elevated, treatment with an HSF1 RNAi agent of the present disclosure can preferably reduce the level or expression of HSF1 to a level considered in the literature as within the range of normal for an individual without such disorder.
The level or expression of HSF1 can be measured by evaluation of mRNA (e.g., via
Northern blots or PCR), or protein (e.g., Western blots). The effect of an RNAi agent on HSF1 expression can be determined by measuring HSF1 gene transcription rates (e.g., via Northern blots; or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or real-time polymerase chain reaction). RT-PCR has been used to show that mRNA levels of HSF1 are high in kidney, pancreas and prostate, and medium in liver and spleen. Brauner-Osborne et al. 2001. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1518: 237-248. Direct measurements can be made of levels of HSF1 (which is expressed by the cell surface), e.g. by Western blots of tissues in which HSF1 is expressed.
In another embodiment of the disclosure, the compositions comprising a HSF1 RNAi agent can be administered to non-human animals. For example, the compositions can be given to chickens, turkeys, livestock animals (such as sheep, pigs, horses, cattle, etc.), companion animals (e.g., cats and dogs) and can have efficacy in treatment of cancer and viral diseases. In each case, the RNAi agent to HSF1 would be selected to match the sequence of the HSF1 of the genome of the animal, and to, preferably, contain at least 1 nt mismatch from all other genes in that animal's genome.
By “treatment” is meant prophylaxis, therapy, cure, or any other change in a patient's condition indicating improvement or absence of degradation of physical condition. By “treatment” is meant treatment of HSF1-related disease (e.g., cancer or viral disease), or any appropriate treatment of any other ailment the patient has. As used herein, the terms “treatment” and “treat” refer to both prophylactic or preventative treatment and curative or disease-modifying treatment, including treatment of patients at risk of contracting a disease or suspected of having a disease, as well as patients already ill or diagnosed as suffering from a condition. The terms “treatment” and “treat” also refer to the maintenance and/or promotion of health in an individual not suffering from a disease but who may be susceptible to developing an unhealthy condition, such as nitrogen imbalance or muscle loss. In one embodiment, “treatment” does not encompass prevention of a disease state. Thus, the present disclosure is useful for suppressing expression of HSF1 and/or treating an HSF1-related disease in an individual afflicted by an HSF1-related disease, or an individual susceptible to an HSF1-related disease. An individual “afflicted” by an HSF1-related disease has demonstrated detectable symptoms characteristics of the disease, or had otherwise been shown clinically to have been exposed to or to carry HSF1-related disease pathogens or markers. As non-limiting examples, an individual afflicted by an HSF1-related disease can show outward symptoms; or can show no outward symptoms but can be shown with a clinical test to carry protein markers associated with an HSF1-related disease, or proteins or genetic material associated with a pathogen in the blood.
An “effective amount” or a “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount that treats a disease or medical condition of an individual, or, more generally, provides a nutritional, physiological or medical benefit to an individual. As used herein, the phrases “therapeutically effective amount” and “prophylactically effective amount” refer to an amount that provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment, prevention, or management of pathological processes mediated by HSF1 expression or an overt symptom of pathological processes mediated by HSF1 expression. The specific amount that is therapeutically effective can be readily determined by an ordinary medical practitioner, and may vary depending on factors known in the art, such as, e.g., the type of pathological processes mediated by HSF1 expression, the patient's history and age, the stage of pathological processes mediated by HSF1 expression, and administration of other agents that inhibit pathological processes mediated by HSF1.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, the patient is at least about 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75 years of age. In various embodiments, the patient is no more than about 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90, or 100 years of age. In various embodiments the patient has a body weight of at least about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380 or 400 lbs. In various embodiments, the patient has a body weight of no more than about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380 or 400 lbs.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, the dosage [measuring only the active ingredient(s)] can be at least about 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300, 250, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 or 1000 ng, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300, 250, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 or 1000 micrograms, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300, 250, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 or 1000 mg. In various embodiments, the dosage can be no more than about 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300, 250, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 or 1000 mg. In various embodiments, the dosage can be administered at least more than once a day, daily, more than once a weekly, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, and/or every 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 months, or a combination thereof.
In various embodiments, the dosage is correlated to the body weight or body surface area of the individual. The actual dosage level can be varied to obtain an amount of active agent which is effective for a particular patient, composition and mode of administration, without being toxic to the patient. The selected dose will depend on a variety of pharmacokinetic factors, including the activity of the particular RNAi agent employed, the route of administration, the rate of excretion of the RNAi agent, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds and/or materials used in combination with the RNAi agent, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior medical history of the patient, and like factors well known in the medical arts. A physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art can readily determine the effective amount of the RNAi agent required. A suitable dose will be that amount which is the lowest dose effective to produce a therapeutic effect, or a dose low enough to produce a therapeutic effect without causing side effects.
As used herein, a “pharmaceutical composition” comprises a pharmacologically effective amount of an iRNA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein, “pharmacologically effective amount,” “therapeutically effective amount” or simply “effective amount” refers to that amount of an iRNA effective to produce the intended pharmacological, therapeutic or preventive result. For example, if a given clinical treatment is considered effective when there is at least a 10% reduction in a measurable parameter associated with a disease or disorder, a therapeutically effective amount of a drug for the treatment of that disease or disorder is the amount necessary to effect at least a 10% reduction in that parameter. For example, a therapeutically effective amount of an iRNA targeting HSF1 can reduce HSF1 protein levels by at least 10%.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a carrier for administration of a therapeutic agent. Such carriers include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The term specifically excludes cell culture medium. For drugs administered orally, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as inert diluents, disintegrating agents, binding agents, lubricating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservatives. Suitable inert diluents include sodium and calcium carbonate, sodium and calcium phosphate, and lactose, while corn starch and alginic acid are suitable disintegrating agents. Binding agents may include starch and gelatin, while the lubricating agent, if present, will generally be magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. If desired, the tablets may be coated with a material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, to delay absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Agents included in drug formulations are described herein.
The pharmaceutical compositions comprising a HSF1 RNAi agent can be in solid form, for example, powders, granules, tablets, pills, gelcaps, gelatin capsules, liposomes, suppositories, chewable forms, or patches. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising a HSF1 RNAi agent can also be presented in liquid form, for example, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, elixirs, or syrups. Appropriate liquid supports can be, for example, water, organic solvents such as polyol, such as glycerol or glycols, including propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, or ethanol, Cremophor EL, or mixtures thereof, in varying proportions, in water. The compositions can comprise nano-sized amorphous or crystalline granules coated with albumin or a surfactant.
Appropriate supports can include, for example, antibacterial and antifungal agents, buffering agents, calcium phosphate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, chlorobutanol, cocoa butter, colorings, dextrin, emulsifiers, enteric coatings, flavorings, gelatin, isotonic agents, lecithin, magnesium stearate, perfuming agents, polyalcohols such as mannitol, injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate, paraben, phenol sorbic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidine, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), preserving agents, propylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium chloride, sorbitol, various sugars (including, but not limited to, sucrose, fructose, galactose, lactose and trehalose), starch, suppository wax, talc, vegetable oils, such as olive oil and corn oil, vitamins, wax, and/or wetting agents. For HSF1 RNAi agents, a particular support comprises dextran and water, e.g. 5% dextrose in water (D5W).
The biologically inert portion of the pharmaceutical composition can optionally be erodible, allowing timed release of the RNAi agent.
The pharmaceutical composition comprising a HSF1 can be administered by buccal, inhalation (including insufflation and deep inhalation), nasal, oral, parenteral, implant, injection or infusion via epidural, intra-arterial, intra-articular, intracapsular, intracardiac, intracerebroventricular, intracranial, intradermal, intramuscular, intraorbital, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, intrasternal, intrathecal, intravenous, subarachnoid, subcapsular, subcutaneous, subcuticular, transendothelial, transtracheal, transvascular, rectal, sublingual, topical, and/or vaginal routes. This may be by injection, infusion, dermal patch, or any other method known in the art. The formulation can be powdered, nebulized, aerosolized, granulized or otherwise appropriately prepared for delivery. The administration, if liquid, may be slow or via bolus, though, under some circumstances known in the art, bolus injections may lead to loss of material through the kidneys.
The HSF1 RNAi agents can be administered with medical devices known in the art. For example, in a particular specific embodiment, an RNAi agent can be administered with a needleless hypodermic injection device, such as the devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,163, 5,383,851, 5,312,335, 5,064,413, 4,941,880, 4,790,824, or 4,596,556. Examples of well-known implants and modules useful in the present disclosure include: U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,603, which discloses an implantable micro-infusion pump for dispensing medication at a controlled rate; U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,194, which discloses a therapeutic device for administering medications through the skin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,233, which discloses a medication infusion pump for delivering medication at a precise infusion rate; U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,224, which discloses a variable flow implantable infusion apparatus for continuous drug delivery; U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,196, which discloses an osmotic drug delivery system having multi-chamber compartments; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,196, which discloses an osmotic drug delivery system. Many other such implants, delivery systems, and modules are known to those skilled in the art.
In certain embodiments, RNAi agents can be formulated to ensure proper distribution in vivo. For example, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) excludes many highly hydrophilic compounds. To ensure that the HSF1 RNAi agents cross the BBB (if desired), they can be formulated, for example, in liposomes. For methods of manufacturing liposomes, see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,522,811; 5,374,548; and 5,399,331. The liposomes may comprise one or more moieties which are selectively transported into specific cells or organs, thus enhance targeted drug delivery (see, e.g., V. V. Ranade (1989) J. Clin. Pharmacol. 29: 685). Example targeting moieties include folate or biotin (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,016 to Low et al.); mannosides (Umezawa et al., (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 153: 1038); antibodies (P. G. Bloeman et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 357: 140; M. Owais et al. (1995) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39: 180); surfactant protein A receptor (Briscoe et al. (1995) Am. J. Physiol. 1233: 134), different species of which may comprise the formulations of the disclosures, as well as components of the invented molecules; p120 (Schreier et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9090); see also K. Keinanen; M. L. Laukkanen (1994) FEBS Lett. 346: 123; J. J. Killion; I. J. Fidler (1994) Immunomethods 4: 273.
In a particular specific embodiment, the present disclosure is a composition comprising one or more HSF1 RNAi agents.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20278, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20279, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20280, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20281, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20282, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20283, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20303, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20313, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20315, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20348, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20362, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20364, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20365, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20366, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20373, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20376, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20377, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20378, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20386, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20389, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20391, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20392, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20397, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20398, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20399, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20401, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20402, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20403, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20404, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20406, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20407, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20408, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20409, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20410, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20411, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20413, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20422, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20428, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20434, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20435, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20437.4, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20437, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20438, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20439, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20487.7, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20487, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20488, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20489.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20489, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20490, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20491, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20493, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20495, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20502, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20507, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20513, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20527, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20535, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20544, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20545, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20546, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20547, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20548, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20549, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20552, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20555, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20556, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20557, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20558, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20560.4, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20560, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20561, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20562, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20563, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20564, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20565, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20566, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20570, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20572, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20574, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20575, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20577, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20578, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20579, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20580, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20597, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20598, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20625, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20626, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20627, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20633, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20634, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20640, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20644, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20646, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20648, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20650, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20652, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20653, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20660, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20661, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20671, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20693, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20694, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20700, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20702, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20707, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20709, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20710, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20714, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20716, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20728, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20730, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20741, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20764, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-20783, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-30071, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-36969, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-36970, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37718, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37719, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37720, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37721, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37722, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37723, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37724, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37725, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37726, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37727, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37728, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37729, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37730, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37731, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37732, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37733, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37734, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37735, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-30071.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-36969.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-36970.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37718.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37719.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37720.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37721.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37722.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37723.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37724.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37725.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37726.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37727.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37728.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37729.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37730.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37731.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37732.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37733.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37734.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37735.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37736, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37737, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37738, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37739, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37740, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37741, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises or consists of: AD-37742, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In various embodiments, the disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of any one or more RNAi agent disclosed herein.
Various embodiments are further delineated below.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20278, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20279, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20280, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20281, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20282, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20283, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20303, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20313, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20315, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20348, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20362, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20364, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20365, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20366, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20373, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20376, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20377, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20378, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20386, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20389, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20391, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20392, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20397, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20398, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20399, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20401, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20402, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20403, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20404, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20406, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20407, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20408, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20409, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20410, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20411, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20413, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20422, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20428, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20434, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20435, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20437.4, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20437, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20438, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20439, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20487.7, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20487, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20488, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20489.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20489, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20490, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20491, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20493, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20495, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20502, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20507, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20513, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20527, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20535, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20544, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20545, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20546, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20547, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20548, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20549, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20552, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20555, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20556, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20557, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20558, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20560.4, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20560, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20561, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20562, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20563, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20564, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20565, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20566, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20570, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20572, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20574, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20575, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20577, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20578, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20579, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20580, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20597, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20598, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20625, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20626, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20627, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20633, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20634, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20640, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20644, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20646, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20648, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20650, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20652, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20653, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20660, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20661, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20671, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20693, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20694, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20700, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20702, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20707, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20709, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20710, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20714, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20716, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20728, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20730, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20741, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20764, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-20783, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-30071 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-36969 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-36970 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37718 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37719 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37720 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37721 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37722 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37723 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37724 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37725 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37726 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37727 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37728 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37729 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37730 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37731 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37732 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37733 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37734 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37735 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37736 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37737 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37738 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37739 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37740 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37741 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37742 or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-30071.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-36969.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-36970.2, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37718.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37719.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37720.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37721.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37722.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37723.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37724.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37725.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37726.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37727.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37728.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37729.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37730.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37731.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37732.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37733.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37734.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37735.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37736.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37737.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37738.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37739.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37740.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37741.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a first and a second strand, wherein the first strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from a first strand, and the second strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the second strand of: AD-37742.1, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In various embodiments, the disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a sense and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the antisense strand of any RNAi agent disclosed herein.
Thus, in various embodiments:
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a sense and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the antisense strand of any one or more of the following duplexes, or modified or unmodified variants thereof: AD-20278, AD-20279, AD-20280, AD-20281, AD-20282, AD-20283, AD-20296, AD-20300, AD-20303, AD-20312, AD-20313, AD-20315, AD-20344, AD-20345, AD-20348, AD-20349, AD-20353, AD-20362, AD-20364, AD-20365, AD-20366, AD-20373, AD-20374, AD-20376, AD-20377, AD-20378, AD-20379, AD-20380, AD-20386, AD-20387, AD-20388, AD-20389, AD-20390, AD-20391, AD-20392, AD-20393, AD-20395, AD-20396, AD-20397, AD-20398, AD-20399, AD-20401 AD-20402, AD-20403, AD-20404, AD-20406, AD-20407, AD-20408, AD-20409, AD-20410, AD-20411, AD-20413, AD-20421, AD-20422, AD-20424, AD-20426, AD-20426, AD-20427, AD-20428, AD-20433, AD-20434, AD-20435, AD-20436, AD-20437, AD-20438, AD-20439, AD-20487, AD-20488, AD-20489, AD-20490, AD-20491, AD-20492, AD-20493, AD-20494, AD-20495, AD-20501, AD-20502, AD-20504, AD-20506, AD-20507, AD-20510, AD-20511, AD-20513, AD-20527, AD-20530 AD-20531, AD-20534, AD-20535, AD-20538, AD-20542, AD-20543, AD-20544, AD-20545, AD-20546, AD-20547, AD-20548, AD-20549, AD-20550, AD-20552, AD-20554, AD-20555, AD-20556, AD-20557, AD-20558, AD-20559, AD-20560, AD-20561, AD-20562, AD-20563, AD-20564, AD-20565, AD-20566, AD-20567, AD-20570, AD-20572, AD-20574, AD-20575, AD-20576, AD-20577, AD-20578, AD-20579, AD-20580, AD-20581, AD-20582, AD-20625, AD-20626, AD-20627, AD-20628, AD-20629, AD-20630, AD-20631, AD-20632, AD-20633, AD-20635, AD-20638, AD-20639, AD-20640, AD-20642, AD-20643, AD-20644, AD-20646, AD-20647, AD-20648, AD-20650, AD-20652, AD-20653, AD-20656, AD-20658, AD-20659, AD-20660, AD-20661, AD-20662, AD-20670, AD-20671, AD-20672, AD-20676, AD-20678, AD-20693, AD-20694, AD-20695, AD-20700, AD-20701, AD-20702, AD-20703, AD-20705, AD-20706, AD-20707, AD-20708, AD-20709, AD-20710, AD-20711, AD-20713, AD-20714, AD-20715, AD-20716, AD-20718, AD-20720, AD-20728, AD-20730, AD-20731, AD-20741, AD-20742, AD-20743, AD-20744, AD-20748, AD-20751, AD-20752, AD-20754, AD-20764, AD-20765, AD-20766, AD-20783, AD-20784, AD-20785, AD-20786, AD-20790, AD-20801, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In various embodiments, the disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a sense and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises or consists of the antisense strand of any RNAi agent disclosed herein.
Thus, the following are provided as examples of the various embodiments.
The disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a sense and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises or consists of the antisense strand of: AD-20278, AD-20279, AD-20280, AD-20281, AD-20282, AD-20283, AD-20296, AD-20300, AD-20303, AD-20312, AD-20313, AD-20315, AD-20344, AD-20345, AD-20348, AD-20349, AD-20353, AD-20362, AD-20364, AD-20365, AD-20366, AD-20373, AD-20374, AD-20376, AD-20377, AD-20378, AD-20379, AD-20380, AD-20386, AD-20387, AD-20388, AD-20389, AD-20390, AD-20391, AD-20392, AD-20393, AD-20395, AD-20396, AD-20397, AD-20398, AD-20399, AD-20401 AD-20402, AD-20403, AD-20404, AD-20406, AD-20407, AD-20408, AD-20409, AD-20410, AD-20411, AD-20413, AD-20421, AD-20422, AD-20424, AD-20426, AD-20426, AD-20427, AD-20428, AD-20433, AD-20434, AD-20435, AD-20436, AD-20437, AD-20438, AD-20439, AD-20487, AD-20488, AD-20489, AD-20490, AD-20491, AD-20492, AD-20493, AD-20494, AD-20495, AD-20501, AD-20502, AD-20504, AD-20506, AD-20507, AD-20510, AD-20511, AD-20513, AD-20527, AD-20530 AD-20531, AD-20534, AD-20535, AD-20538, AD-20542, AD-20543, AD-20544, AD-20545, AD-20546, AD-20547, AD-20548, AD-20549, AD-20550, AD-20552, AD-20554, AD-20555, AD-20556, AD-20557, AD-20558, AD-20559, AD-20560, AD-20561, AD-20562, AD-20563, AD-20564, AD-20565, AD-20566, AD-20567, AD-20570, AD-20572, AD-20574, AD-20575, AD-20576, AD-20577, AD-20578, AD-20579, AD-20580, AD-20581, AD-20582, AD-20625, AD-20626, AD-20627, AD-20628, AD-20629, AD-20630, AD-20631, AD-20632, AD-20633, AD-20635, AD-20638, AD-20639, AD-20640, AD-20642, AD-20643, AD-20644, AD-20646, AD-20647, AD-20648, AD-20650, AD-20652, AD-20653, AD-20656, AD-20658, AD-20659, AD-20660, AD-20661, AD-20662, AD-20670, AD-20671, AD-20672, AD-20676, AD-20678, AD-20693, AD-20694, AD-20695, AD-20700, AD-20701, AD-20702, AD-20703, AD-20705, AD-20706, AD-20707, AD-20708, AD-20709, AD-20710, AD-20711, AD-20713, AD-20714, AD-20715, AD-20716, AD-20718, AD-20720, AD-20728, AD-20730, AD-20731, AD-20741, AD-20742, AD-20743, AD-20744, AD-20748, AD-20751, AD-20752, AD-20754, AD-20764, AD-20765, AD-20766, AD-20783, AD-20784, AD-20785, AD-20786, AD-20790, AD-20801, or modified or unmodified variants thereof.
In various embodiments, the disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a sense and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the antisense strand of any RNAi agent disclosed herein, or modified or unmodified variants thereof, wherein the antisense strand optionally further comprises 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more nt (or any range thereof, e.g., 0-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 nt, etc.).
Thus, in various embodiments, the disclosure comprises a RNAi agent comprising a sense and an antisense strand, wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 nt from the antisense strand of: AD-20278, AD-20279, AD-20280, AD-20281, AD-20282, AD-20283, AD-20303, AD-20313, AD-20315, AD-20348, AD-20362, AD-20364, AD-20365, AD-20366, AD-20373, AD-20376, AD-20377, AD-20378, AD-20386, AD-20389, AD-20391, AD-20392, AD-20397, AD-20398, AD-20399, AD-20401, AD-20402, AD-20403, AD-20404, AD-20406, AD-20407, AD-20408, AD-20409, AD-20410, AD-20411, AD-20413, AD-20422, AD-20428, AD-20434, AD-20435, AD-20437, AD-20437, AD-20438, AD-20439, AD-20487, AD-20487, AD-20488, AD-20489, AD-20489, AD-20490, AD-20491, AD-20493, AD-20495, AD-20502, AD-20507, AD-20513, AD-20527, AD-20535, AD-20544, AD-20545, AD-20546, AD-20547, AD-20548, AD-20549, AD-20552, AD-20555, AD-20556, AD-20557, AD-20558, AD-20560, AD-20560, AD-20561, AD-20562, AD-20563, AD-20564, AD-20565, AD-20566, AD-20570, AD-20572, AD-20574, AD-20575, AD-20577, AD-20578, AD-20579, AD-20580, AD-20597, AD-20598, AD-20625, AD-20626, AD-20627, AD-20633, AD-20634, AD-20640, AD-20644, AD-20646, AD-20648, AD-20650, AD-20652, AD-20653, AD-20660, AD-20661, AD-20671, AD-20693, AD-20694, AD-20700, AD-20702, AD-20707, AD-20709, AD-20710, AD-20714, AD-20716, AD-20728, AD-20730, AD-20741, AD-20764, AD-20783, AD-30071, AD-36969, AD-36970, AD-37718, AD-37719, AD-37720, AD-37721, AD-37722, AD-37723, AD-37724, AD-37725, AD-37726, AD-37727, AD-37728, AD-37729, AD-37730, AD-37731, AD-37732, AD-37733, AD-37734, AD-37735, AD-37736, AD-37737, AD-37738, AD-37739, AD-37740, AD-37741, AD-37742, or modified or unmodified variants thereof, wherein the antisense strand optionally further comprises 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more nt (or any range thereof, e.g., 0-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 nt, etc.).
In one embodiment, the disclosure comprises any one or more RNAi agent listed herein.
Certain RNAi agents to HSF1 are disclosed in the scientific literature, e.g., in Rossi et al. 2006 Cancer Res. 66:7678-85; Dokladny et al. 2008 Am. J. Pathology 72:659-70; Jacobs et al. 2007 J. Biol. Chem. 282: 33412-20; Page et al. 2006 Mol. Biosystems 2:627-39; Zhao et al. 2007 Diabetes 56: 1436-1444; and Du et al. 2009 J. Cell. Phys. 218:631-637. The compositions of this invention do not cover these RNAi agents to the extent that they are identical in both sequence and modifications.
Other particular specific embodiments include compositions comprising 1, 2, 3, 4, or more of these RNAi agents. Another embodiment is a composition comprising any single RNAi agent, along with any other RNAi agents which overlap it. Another embodiment comprises two, three, four or more HSF1 RNAi agents which do not overlap and thus target different parts of the RNA molecule. When two or more RNAi agents are used, they can be administered simultaneously or sequentially.
Another particular specific embodiment comprises an RNAi agent, wherein the RNAi agent comprises a sense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides (identical in sequence) to the sense strand of any of the listed RNAi agents, and an antisense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides (identical in sequence) to the antisense strand of the same RNAi agent. In another embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four, or more such RNAi agents.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises an RNAi agent which comprises an antisense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2 or 3 mismatches from the antisense strand of a RNAi agent described herein.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises an RNAi agent which comprises an antisense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2 or 3 mismatches from the antisense strand of a RNAi agent described herein.
In another embodiment, the composition comprises an RNAi agent which comprises a sense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2, or 3 mismatches from the sense strand of one of the listed RNAi agents, and an antisense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2 or 3 mismatches from the antisense strand of the same RNAi agent.
A “mismatch” is defined herein as a difference between the base sequence or length when two sequences are maximally aligned and compared. As a non-limiting example, a mismatch is counted if a difference exists between the base at a particular location in one sequence and the base at the corresponding position in another sequence (e.g., between the sequence of a given RNAi agent and an RNAi agent listed herein). Thus, a mismatch is counted, for example, if a position in one sequence has a particular base (e.g., A), and the corresponding position on the other sequence has a different base (e.g., G, C or U). A mismatch is also counted, e.g., if a position in one sequence has a base (e.g., A), and the corresponding position on the other sequence has no base (e.g., that position is an abasic nucleotide which comprises a phosphate-sugar backbone but no base). A single-stranded nick in either sequence (or in the sense or antisense strand) is not counted as mismatch. Thus, as a non-limiting example, no mismatch would be counted if one sequence comprises the sequence A-G, but the other sequence comprises the sequence A-G with a single-stranded nick between the A and the G. A base modification is also not considered a mismatch. If one sequence comprises a C, and the other sequence comprises a modified C (e.g., with a 2′-modification) at the same position, no mismatch would be counted. Thus, modifications of a nucleotide other than replacement or alteration of the base would not constitute a mismatch. For example, no mismatch would occur between a nucleotide which is A, and a nucleotide which is A with a 5′ modification (e.g., those illustrated in
In these embodiments, a mismatch is defined as a position wherein the base of one sequence does not match the base of the other sequence.
In another embodiment, the composition comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, or more such RNAi agents.
In another embodiment, the composition comprises an RNAi agent which comprises a sense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2 or 3 mismatches from the sense strand of one of the listed RNAi agents, and an antisense strand comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by 0, 1, 2 or 3 mismatches from the antisense strand of the same RNAi agent
Overlapping Groups of HSF1 siRNAs
In various embodiments, the disclosure relates to groups of RNAi agents with overlapping sequences. Thus, the disclosure encompasses groups of RNAi agents wherein each RNAi agent in the group overlaps with each other RNAi agent in the same group by at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or more nucleotides. Particularly, in one embodiment, the overlap is at least 12 nt. Groups of sequences that overlap are shown in Table 3A.
Table 3A shows, for example, that AD-20594 and AD-20596 share the common technical feature of the sequence of ACGUCCCGGCCU in the sense strand, and the sequence of AGGCCGGGACGU in the antisense strand. Note of course that only a 12-nt portion of the overlap is shown; many groups of RNAi agents will overlap by more than 12 nt. The position within the gene is also indicated.
The disclosure thus encompasses various embodiments comprising groups of overlapping RNAi agents, for example (1) RNAi agents comprising the sequences of AD-20594 and AD-20596; (2) RNAi agents consisting of the sequences of AD-20594 and AD-20596; (3) RNAi agents comprising the sequences of AD-20594 and AD-20596; (4) RNAi agents comprising a sense strand and/or a antisense strand comprising a sequence of AD-20594 and AD-20596; (5) RNAi agents comprising a sense strand and/or a antisense strand comprising 15 contiguous nt with 0 to 3 mismatches from a sequence of AD-20594 and AD-20596; (6) RNAi agents comprising a sense strand comprising 15 contiguous nt with 0 to 3 mismatches from a sequence of AD-20594 and AD-20596; (7) RNAi agents comprising an antisense strand comprising 15 contiguous nt with 0 to 3 mismatches from a sequence of AD-20594 and AD-20596; etc. The disclosure also encompasses similar embodiments reflecting all the overlapping groups of RNAi agents as described in Table 3A.
Variants of RNAi agents (e.g., comprising different modifications, caps, etc.) are disclosed herein, e.g., in Tables 2, 3, 9A and 9B. In these texts and tables, for example, AD-20437 shares the same sequence as AD-20437.4, though the RNAi agents differ in their modifications, caps (e.g., 5′ and/or 3′ caps), etc. However, any overlapping group comprising a RNAi agent of a given sequence also comprises any other RNAi agent which has the same sequence, but different variations in modifications, caps, etc. Thus, any group of overlapping RNAi agents that includes AD-20437 also includes AD-20437.4 and other variants of the same sequence (e.g., with different modifications, caps, etc.). More embodiments are provided herein, and are included in the scope of each RNAi agents of the disclosure.
Oligonucleotide design was carried out to identify siRNAs targeting the gene “heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1)” from human (NCBI symbol HSF1), the orthologous sequences from rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). The design process used the HSF1 transcripts NM—005526.2 from human (NCBI GeneId 3297), ENSMMMUT00000020648 from rhesus (from Ensembl), internally cloned and sequenced cyno HSF1 sequences (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 2051), and ENSPPYT00000022122 from orangutan (from Ensembl). The design strategy was as follows: Begin with all perfect 19-mer human/cyno HSF1 matches. Next, expand this set with all perfect 19-mer human/orangutan/rhesus matches. Any 19-mers with mismatches to the partial cyno sequence available at the time of design were then excluded. Last, seven sequences were selected based on homology with the Novartis shRNA library. The resulting set of 512 19-mer sequences, all perfect matches to the human HSF1 gene, were then further sampled for synthesis and screening. These sequences are listed in Table 1. These sequences have not been modified.
The phrase “Position” denotes the starting position of the oligonucleotide (e.g., the 19-mer) on the transcript. This is measured in nucleotide coordinates, relative to beginning of the transcript.
Modifications of the sequences in Table 1 are easily conceived by one of skill in the art. Example and non-limiting modifications of these sequences were conceived. These are listed in Tables 2 and 3. Additional modifications are contemplated.
For the modified sequences listed in Tables 2 and 3, some modifications were placed at sites predicted to be sensitive to endonucleases. Some modifications were designed to eliminate an immune response to the siRNA while preserving activity. In general, the sense strand was heavily modified, and the antisense strand lightly modified. Some modifications serve more than one purpose. Table 2 lists RNAi agents prepared with these modified sequences.
Subsequent to screening, a full-length HSF1 gene sequence from cynomolgus monkey was produced (see above), and used to assess identity of human/cyno 19-mer sequences. Of 406 19-mers screened for single dose efficacy in WI38 and Hela cells, 375 are perfect matches between human and cyno (e.g., zero mismatches).
Abbreviations in the nucleotide sequences herein are as depicted in Table 2A.
The RNAi agents listed in Table 2 were prepared, as described in Example 2.
Modified sequences were conceived for other 19-mers listed in Table 1. These modified sequences are listed in Table 3. As with Table 2, the modified sequences in Table 3 are examples and non-limiting; alternative modifications are easily conceived by one of ordinary skill in the art, and additional or alternative base modifications are described elsewhere herein.
Some of the siRNAs listed above overlap each other in sequence. The following table presents a compilation of groups of RNAi agents, wherein each member of a group overlaps with each other member of the same group by at least 12 nt. A 12-nt portion of the overlap of the sense strands and a 12-nt portion of the overlap of the antisense strand are presented. Thus, for example, AD-20296 and AD-20300 share the common technical feature of the sequence of CCAAGCUGUGGA in the sense strand, and the sequence of UCCACAGCUUGG in the antisense strand. Note of course that only a 12-nt portion of the overlap is shown; many groups of RNAi agents will overlap by more than 12 nt. The position within the gene is also indicated.
Small scale synthesis is used to prepare HSF1 siRNAs; medium and large scale syntheses can also be used to prepare these siRNAs in larger quantities.
Small Scale Synthesis and Purification Methods for the Initial Screens (1 μmole Scale).
Small scale synthesis is used to generate siRNAs.
HSF1 sequences are synthesized on MerMade 192 synthesizer (BioAutomation, Plano, Tex.) at 1 μmol scale.
For all the sequences in the list, ‘endolight’ chemistry is applied as detailed below:
All pyrimidines (cytosine and uridine) in the sense strand contain 2′-O-Methyl bases (2′ O-Methyl C and 2′-O-Methyl Ti).
In the antisense strand, pyrimidines adjacent to (towards 5′ position) ribo A nucleoside are replaced with their corresponding 2-O-Methyl nucleosides.
A two base dTdT extension at 3′ end of both sense and antisense sequences is introduced.
The sequence file is converted to a text file to make it compatible for loading in the MerMade 192 synthesis software.
Synthesis, Cleavage and Deprotection:
The synthesis of HSF1 sequences can use solid supported oligonucleotide synthesis using phosphoramidite chemistry.
The synthesis of the above sequences is performed at 1 um scale in 96 well plates.
The ribo and 2-O-Methyl phosphoramidite solutions are prepared at 0.1M concentration and ethyl thio tetrazole (0.6M in Acetonitrile) is used as activator. Deblock solution, oxidizer solution and capping solution are prepared according to standard processes.
The synthesized sequences are cleaved and deprotected in 96 well plates, using methylamine solution (a 3:1 mixture of aqueous and ethanolic solutions) in the first step and fluoride reagent in the second step. The crude sequences are precipitated using acetone:ethanol (80:20) mix and the pellet are re-suspended in 0.02M sodium acetate buffer. Samples from each sequence are analyzed by LC-MS to confirm the identity, UV for quantification and a selected set of samples by IEX chromatography to determine purity.
Purification and Desalting:
HSF1 tiled sequences are purified on AKTA explorer purification system using Source 15Q column. A column temperature of 65 C is maintained during purification. Sample injection and collection are performed in 96 well (1.8 mL -deep well) plates. A single peak corresponding to the full length sequence is collected in the eluent. The purified sequences are desalted on a Sephadex G25 column using AKTA purifier. The concentration of desalted HSF1 sequences are calculated using absorbance at 260 nm wavelength and purity was measured by ion exchange chromatography.
Annealing:
Purified desalted sense and antisense single strands are mixed in equimolar amounts and annealed to form HSF1 duplexes. The duplexes are prepared at 10 uM concentration in 1×PBS buffer and tested by capillary gel electrophoresis for purity.
Medium Scale Synthesis and Purification (1-50 μmol)
Medium scale synthesis can also be used to generate siRNAs.
Single-stranded RNAs in scales between 1 and 50 μmol are prepared by solid phase synthesis using an ABI DNA/RNA Synthesizer 394 (Applied Biosystems) and controlled pore glass (CPG, 500 Å, loading 80-100 μmol/g) purchased from Prime Synthesis (Aston, Pa.) as the solid support. For larger scales, empty synthesis columns (10 mmol) from Glen Research Corp. and large amidite (80 mL) and reagent bottles (450 mL) are used. RNA and RNA containing 2′-O-methyl nucleotides are generated by solid phase synthesis employing the corresponding phosphoramidites and 2′-O-methyl phosphoramidites, respectively (ChemGenes, Wilmington, Mass.). These building blocks are incorporated at selected sites within the sequence of the oligoribonucleotide chain using standard nucleoside phosphoramidite chemistry such as described in Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Beaucage, S. L. et al. (Edrs.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., USA. Phosphorothioate linkages are introduced using a solution of the 0.1 M DDTT (AM Chemicals, Oceanside, Calif.) in pyridine. Further ancillary reagents are obtained from Glen Research Corp. (Sterling, Va.).
Deprotection and purification of the crude oligoribonucleotides by anion exchange HPLC are carried out according to established procedures. Yields and concentrations are determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 260 nm. Double stranded RNA is generated by mixing an equimolar solution of complementary strands in annealing buffer (typically phosphate buffered solution, PBS, Ambion, Applied Biosystems, Austin, Tex.) at the desired concentration. The mixture is then heated in a water bath at 85-90° C. for 5 minutes and cooled to room temperature over a period of 3-4 hours. The RNA duplex is stored at −20° C. until use.
HSF1 siRNAs are provided in Table 2, and prepared as described in Example 2. The activity of these RNAi agents is listed in Table 4.
Table 4 indicates the residual level of HSF1 expression in approximately 20,000 W138 or HeLa cells treated with 10 nM of the indicated siRNA. Expression measurements are done 24 hours after transfection. Expression is measured using RT-qRT [real-time quantitative reverse transcription]. The residual activity is normalized to HSF1 expression in Luc siRNA transfected cells, and 1.000000=100% gene expression relative to the control, or no or 0% gene knockdown; and 0.000000=0% gene expression, or complete or 100% gene knockdown in W138 or HeLa cells. A low number (closer to zero) indicates a more potent siRNA. For example, the “WI38” column for siRNA AD-20303 indicates “0.056232” meaning that the residual gene activity is 5.6%, or 94.4% gene knock-down at 10 nM. In the HeLa column, “0.098871432” indicates approximately 9.9% residual activity, or 90.1% gene knockdown at 10 nM.
A serial dilution of the siRNAs was performed and the data curve fit to calculate the dose (concentration) required to knock down gene expression by 50% (“EC50,” or effective concentration estimated to reduce gene expression by 50%). The “EC50 Average” indicates the amount of siRNA in nM in which 50% gene knockdown is expected to be achieved; the given number is an average of two experiments. A lower number indicates a more potent siRNA. A blank cell indicates that no siRNA with that sequence was tested in that particular test, or that such data is not included herein.
In Table 4, the suffixes “-b1”, “-b2”, etc., indicate batch numbers. Thus “b1” is from batch 1, “b2” is from batch 2, etc. Thus, for example, “AD-20489-b1”, “AD-20489-b2” and “AD-20489” all have the same sequence and are chemically identical.
Cell Culture and Transfections
WI-38 or HeLa (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) cells are grown to near confluence at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in RPMI or EMEM (ATCC) supplemented with 10% FBS, streptomycin, and glutamine (ATCC) before being released from the plate by trypsinization. Reverse transfection is carried out by adding 5 μl of Opti-MEM to 5 μl of siRNA duplexes per well into a 96-well plate along with 10 μl of Opti-MEM plus 0.2 μl of Lipofectamine RNAiMax per well (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif. cat #13778-150) and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. 80 μl of complete growth media without antibiotic containing 2×104 WI-38 cells or 2.0×104 Hela cells are then added. Cells are incubated for 24 hours prior to RNA purification. Experiments are performed 10 nM final duplex concentration for WI-38 cells and at 10 nM and 0.1 nM final duplex concentration for HeLa cells for each of the HSF1 siRNAs. A subset of siRNAs that showed robust silencing in the 10 nM and 0.1 nM screens are assayed over a range of concentrations from 10 nM to 0.00005M to determine their IC50.
Total RNA isolation using MagMAX-96 Total RNA Isolation Kit (Applied Biosystem, Foster City Calif., part #: AM1830).
Cells are harvested and lysed in 140 μl of Lysis/Binding Solution then mixed for 1 minute at 850 rpm using an Eppendorf Thermomixer (the mixing speed is the same throughout the process). Twenty microliters of magnetic beads and Lysis/Binding Enhancer mixture are added into cell-lysate and mixed for 5 minutes. Magnetic beads are captured using magnetic stand and the supernatant is removed without disturbing the beads. After removal of the supernatant, magnetic beads are washed with Wash Solution 1 (isopropanol added) and mixed for 1 minute. Beads are captured again and supernatant removed. Beads are then washed with 150 μl Wash Solution 2 (Ethanol added), captured and supernatant is removed. 50 ul of DNase mixture (MagMax turbo DNase Buffer and Turbo DNase) is then added to the beads and they are mixed for 10 to 15 minutes. After mixing, 100 μl of RNA Rebinding Solution is added and mixed for 3 minutes. Supernatant is removed and magnetic beads are washed again with 150 μl Wash Solution 2 and mixed for 1 minute and supernatant is removed completely. The magnetic beads are mixed for 2 minutes to dry before RNA is eluted with 50 μl of water.
cDNA synthesis is performed using ABI High capacity cDNA reverse transcription kit (Applied Biosystems, Cat #4368813) as follows: A master mix of 2 μl 10× Buffer, 0.8 μl 25×dNTPs, 2 μl Random primers, 1 μl Reverse Transcriptase, 1 μl RNase inhibitor and 3.2 μl of H2O per reaction are added into 10 μl total RNA. cDNA is generated using a Bio-Rad C-1000 or S-1000 thermal cycler (Hercules, Calif.) through the following steps: 25° C. 10 min, 37° C. 120 min, 85° C. 5 sec, 4° C. hold.
Real time PCR is performed as follows: 2 μl of cDNA are added to a master mix containing 0.5 ul GAPDH TaqMan Probe (Applied Biosystems Cat #4326317E) or 18S TaqMan Probe (Applied Biosystems Cat 44319413E), 0.5 μl HSF1 TaqMan probe (Applied Biosystems cat #HS00232134 M1) and 5 μl Roche Probes Master Mix (Roche Cat #04887301001) in a total of 10 μl per well in a LightCycler 480 384 well plate (Roche cat #0472974001). Real time PCR is done in a LightCycler 480 Real Time PCR machine (Roche). Each duplex is tested in at least two independent transfections. Each transfection is assayed in duplicate.
Real time data are analyzed using the ΔΔCt method (Livak et al 2001). Each sample is normalized to GAPDH expression and knockdown is assessed relative to cells transfected with the non-targeting duplex AD-1955. IC50s are defined using a 4 parameter fit model in XLfit. See e.g., Kenneth and Schmittge. Methods 25:4, December 2001, 402-408.
As shown in Table 5, a subset of 101 HSF1 RNAi agents is presented.
Many of the 101 selected duplexes had >80% gene knockdown (KD) in both HeLa and WI-38 cell lines at 10 nM. Also included in the 101 are duplexes that had >80% KD in a single cell line, provided that the average KD of the two lines is >75% KD. This set also includes all duplexes that have >50% KD in WI-38 in the 0.1 nM screen. These 101 HSF1 siRNAs of particular interest are shown in Table 2. This table also presents the knockdown (KD) in HeLa and WI-38 cells when 10 nM or 0.1 nM of siRNA was used. 1.000=100% gene expression, or no or 0% gene knockdown; and 0.000=0% gene expression, or complete or 100% gene knockdown. For example, for AD-20303, the “HeLa 10 nM” column indicates “0.099”, meaning that at this concentration in these cells, the RNAi agent reduced gene expression to 9.9%, or exhibited 90.1% gene knockdown. In WI-38 cells at a concentration of 10 nM, this RNAi agent exhibited 5.6% residual gene activity, or 94.4% gene knockdown.
The 101 duplexes in Table 2 were screened in HeLa cells in a dose response screen. The purpose of this screen was to determine the EC50 (minimum dosage of RNAi agent capable of reducing gene expression by 50%).
A serial dilution was used, comprising 12 concentrations between 10 nM and 1×10−5 nM. The siRNA duplexes were transfected into cells using Lipofectamine RNAiMax (Zhao et al. 2008 Mol. Biotech. 40: 19-26). After 24 hours total RNA is isolated and used for cDNA synthesis using random primers. 10-20 ng of total cDNA is used for TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). Each duplex was assayed in duplicate. Data are expressed as the average-fold change compared to the non-targeting control AD-1955, which does not bind to HSF1. AD1955 is a siRNA targeting firefly luciferase and is used as a negative control siRNA in screening assays. The results are shown in Table 6.
After making the determinations reported in Tables 4 and 5, it was determined that certain of the oligonucleotides were subject to concentration artifacts now thought to arise from incomplete thawing of plates containing the oligonucleotides. Subsequent analysis of two large datasets (unrelated to Target) indicated that any such concentration artifacts would not alter the assay results more than that which can be accounted for by normal experimental variability. Moreover, these concentration artifacts are unlikely to substantially affect our conclusions about lead selection.
Additional screening data of the HSF1 siRNAs described above is presented in Table 7, below.
HSF1 siRNAs are rescreened to address discrepancies that are found in duplex concentrations when the single strands for these duplexes are originally annealed. 414 siRNAs are reannealed and screened at two siRNA concentrations, 10 nM and 0.1 nM. All duplexes are screened at both doses in two independent experiments.
In Vitro Screening:
Cell Culture and Transfections.
HeLa (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) cells are grown to near confluence at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in EMEM (ATCC) supplemented with 10% FBS, streptomycin, and glutamine (ATCC) before being released from the plate by trypsinization. Reverse transfection is carried out by adding to 5 μl of 200 nM or 2 nM siRNA duplex per well into a 96-well plate along with 15 μl of Opti-MEM plus 0.2 μl of Lipofectamine RNAiMax per well (Invitrogen, Carlsbad CA. cat #13778-150) and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. 80 μl of complete growth media without antibiotic containing 2×104 Hela cells are then added resulting in a final duplex concentration of 10 nM or 0.1 nM. Cells are incubated for 24 hours prior to RNA purification.
mRNA Isolation Using Dynobeads (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif. cat #610-12):
Cells are harvested and lysed in 150 μl of lysis buffer then mixed for 5 minutes at 850 rpm using and platform shaker (the mixing speed is the same throughout the process). Ten micro liters of magnetic beads that had previously been washed in 70 ul of lysis buffer are added into cell-lysate and mixed for 5 minutes. Magnetic beads are captured using magnetic stand and the supernatant is removed without disturbing the beads. Magnetic beads/RNA are washed twice with wash buffer A by adding 150 ul of buffer, shaking for 1 minute and discarding supernatant following capture of beads on magnetic stand. Beads are then washed with 150 μl wash buffer B, agitated for 1 minute, captured a magnetic bead stand and supernatant is removed. The Dynobead/mRNA mixture is then washed with 150 ul of elution buffer by shaking for 1 minute, capturing on a magnetic ring stand and discarding the elution buffer. mRNA is eluted by adding 50 ul of elution buffer and shaking for 4 minutes at 70° C. After mixing plates are placed on the magnetic bead stand for 2 minutes to recapture the beads before the supernatant containing the eluted RNA is removed to a new plate.
cDNA Synthesis Using ABI High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit
A master mix of 1 μl 10× Buffer, 0.4 μl 25×dNTPs, 1 μl Random primers, 0.5 μl Reverse Transcriptase, 0.5 μl RNase inhibitor and 1.6 μl of H2O per reaction are added into 50 total RNA. cDNA is generated using a Bio-Rad C-1000 or S-1000 thermal cycler (Hercules, Calif.) through the following steps: 25° C. 10 min, 37° C. 120 min, 85° C. 5 sec, 4° C. hold.
Real time PCR: 2 μl of cDNA are added to a master mix containing 0.5 ul GAPDH TaqMan Probe (Applied Biosystems Cat #4326317E) or 18S Tag Man Probe (Applied Biosystems Cat #4319413E), 0.50 HSF1 TaqMan probe (Applied Biosystems cat #HS00232134M1) and 5 μl Roche Probes Master Mix (Roche Cat #04887301001) in a total of 10 μl per well in a LightCycler 480 384 well plate (Roche cat #0472974001). Real time PCR is done in a LightCycler 480 Real Time PCR machine (Roche). Each duplex is tested in at two independent transfections (Called Screen 1 and Screen 2). Each transfection is assayed in duplicate. For Screen 1 and Screen 2, qPCR is performed using GAPDH for normalization. For Screen 1, qPCR is repeated a second time using 18S for normalization.
Real time data are analyzed using the ΔΔCt method (Livak et al 2001). Each sample is normalized to GAPDH or 18S expression and knockdown is assessed relative to cells transfected with the non-targeting duplex AD-1955. Higher values represent less knockdown. Reference: Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT Method. Kenneth J. Livak, Thomas D. Schmittge. Methods 25:4, December 2001, 402-408.
As shown in Table 7, below, certain HSF1 siRNAs are re-screened twice (Screens 1 and 2), using GAPDH and 18s as controls. This table also includes screening data for several HSF1 siRNAs without data presented above. Numbers represent residual HSF1 gene activity, with GAPDH or 18s as control reference genes. Thus, for example, for AD-20278-b2, “0.08” at “10 nM Screen 1 (GAPDH)” indicates 8% residual HSF1 gene activity, or 92% gene knockdown.
Selected RNAi agents to HSF1 are analyzed in a PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) assay to estimate immunogenicity; and in vivo in Hep3B (primary liver xenograft) subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. RNAi agents are delivered in vivo in a lipid nanoparticle. Single dosages of 5 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg were delivered, and animals sacrificed and tissues collected 72 hours after dosage. The results are shown below in Table 8.
The Duplex ID indicates the various names for the RNAi agent; AD-XXXXX/AD-XXXXX=dTdT/uu modified version of the same siRNA core sequence indicated. (XXXXX) indicates the duplex ID for the uu sequence. The Target Seq (sequence) and position in the human and cyno (cynomolgus) HSF1 genes are given; “na” indicates that the given sequence is not in the cynomolgus gene. PBMC Result (IFN-α, TNF-α) indicates whether or not a given RNAi elicited an immune response, as indicated by a measured induction of TNF-α, or IFN-α. “quiet” indicates that a given RNAi agent did not illicit an immune response. In the columns labeled “In vivo Hep3B,” the numbers indicate the percent knockdown of HSF1 expression.
This example describes screening multiple chemistries to identify siRNAs that retain or improve activity relative to parent and that are potentially more stable.
A two-phase approach is used. The first phase involves identifying an optimal 5′ end cap for S (sense) strand inactivation. End-caps used are: Inverted dT, L-sugar, and C-6-alkyl. These are illustrated in
In the second phase, multiple chemical motifs are tested on a larger set of HSF1 siRNAs in context of the best 5′-end cap found in the first phase.
S (sense) modifications include the following:
Endolight, wherein all pyrmidines are modified to 2′-OMe with 2′-OMe uu overhang, and
All ribonucleotides are used with 2′-OMe uu overhang.
AS modifications include:
All pyrimidines are modified with to 2′-OMe, with a 2′-OMe uu overhang,
Endolight+2′-OMe on 5 3′-terminal bases with 2′-OMe uu overhang
Endolight+2′-OMe at only pyrmidines of 5 3′ terminal bases, with 2′-OMe uu overhang.
Table 9A and Table 9B provide examples of 5′-end modifications contemplated within the scope of the invention. As depicted in the tables, IC50 I and IC50 II indicate the results of two determinations of IC50 (EC50). The results indicate nM concentrations.
Note that in the above tables, a suffix such as 0.1, .2, .3, .4, etc. indicates a variant of a given RNAi agent. Thus, AD-20437.4 and AD-20437, for example, have the same sequence, though they may vary in modifications, caps, etc. Thus, any references to (including descriptions of various embodiments related to) AD-20437.4; AD-20487.7; AD-20489.2; AD-20560.4; AD-37718.1; AD-37721.1; AD-37724.1; AD-37727.1; AD-37730.1; AD-37733.1; AD-37736.1; AD-37740.1; AD-37719.1; AD-37722.1; AD-37725.1; AD-37728.1; AD-30071.2; AD-36969.2; AD-36970.2; AD-37718.1; AD-37719.1; AD-37720.1; AD-37721.1; AD-37722.1; AD-37723.1; AD-37724.1; AD-37725.1; AD-37726.1; AD-37727.1; AD-37728.1; AD-37729.1; AD-37730.1; AD-37731.1; AD-37732.1; AD-37733.1; AD-37734.1; AD-37735.1; AD-37736.1; AD-37737.1; AD-37738.1; AD-37739.1; AD-37740.1; AD-37741.1; AD-37742.1; also refer, respectively, to: AD-20437; AD-20487; AD-20489.2; AD-20560; AD-37718; AD-37721; AD-37724; AD-37727; AD-37730; AD-37733; AD-37736; AD-37740; AD-37719; AD-37722; AD-37725; AD-37728; AD-30071; AD-36969; AD-36970; AD-37718; AD-37719; AD-37720; AD-37721; AD-37722; AD-37723; AD-37724; AD-37725; AD-37726; AD-37727; AD-37728; AD-37729; AD-37730; AD-37731; AD-37732; AD-37733; AD-37734; AD-37735; AD-37736; AD-37737; AD-37738; AD-37739; AD-37740; AD-37741; and AD-37742. Thus, any grouping of siRNAs of overlapping sequences comprising AD-20437 also comprises AD-20437.4. This is true of other groupings comprising any variant sequence; thus, any grouping of overlapping siRNAs of a given sequence also comprises siRNAs comprising a variant of that sequence, e.g., with modifications and/or caps.
The inverted dT (idT) and L-sugar are found to reduce activity approximately 10- to 100-fold when the antisense strand is modified; there is minimal impact when these modifications are placed on the 5′-end of the sense strand.
Unless defined otherwise, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as that usually understood by a specialist familiar with the field to which the disclosure belongs.
Unless indicated otherwise, all methods, steps, techniques and manipulations that are not specifically described in detail can be performed and have been performed in a manner known per se, as will be clear to the skilled person. Reference is for example again made to the standard handbooks and the general background art mentioned herein and to the further references cited therein. Unless indicated otherwise, each of the references cited herein is incorporated in its entirety by reference.
Claims to the invention are non-limiting and are provided below.
Although particular embodiments and claims have been disclosed herein in detail, this has been done by way of example for purposes of illustration only, and is not intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of the appended claims, or the scope of subject matter of claims of any corresponding future application. In particular, it is contemplated by the inventors that various substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be made to the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the claims. The choice of nucleic acid starting material, clone of interest, or library type is believed to be a matter of routine for a person of ordinary skill in the art with knowledge of the embodiments described herein. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications considered to be within the scope of the following claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents of the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims. Redrafting of claim scope in later filed corresponding applications may be due to limitations by the patent laws of various countries and should not be interpreted as giving up subject matter of the claims.
This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(a)-(d) of U.S. Provisional Application 61/228,137, filed 18 Dec. 2009, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61288137 | Dec 2009 | US |
