Power diode having improved on resistance and breakdown voltage

Abstract

A two-terminal power diode has improved reverse bias breakdown voltage and on resistance includes a semiconductor body having two opposing surfaces and a superjunction structure therebetween, the superjunction structure including a plurality of alternating P and N doped regions aligned generally perpendicular to the two surfaces. The P and N doped regions can be parallel stripes or a mesh with each region being surrounded by doped material of opposite conductivity type. A diode junction associated with one surface can be an anode region with a gate controlled channel region connecting the anode region to the superjunction structure. Alternatively, the diode junction can comprise a metal forming a Schottky junction with the one surface. The superjunction structure is within the cathode and spaced from the anode. The spacing can be varied during device fabrication.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to power semiconductor diodes and rectifiers, and more particularly the invention relates to a power diode having a reduced on resistance and higher reverse breakdown voltage.

A two-terminal power diode or rectifier must have a low turn-on voltage, fast turn-off voltage, and nonconductance when the diode is reverse biased. In addition, the on-resistance must be low and the reverse bias breakdown voltage must be high. However, the necessary doping for low on-resistance can adversely affect reverse breakdown voltage.

Three-terminal vertical MOSFET devices are known which have an alternating P and N doped channel region for connecting a source region on one surface to a drain region on an opposing surface. The alternating P and N regions provide a balanced space charge and reduced electric field below the critical field strength at which avalanche breakdown would occur. Yet the on resistance is not adversely affected. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,216,275; 5,438,215; 6,274,904; 6,274,904, 6,037,631; and 6,066,878, for example.

The present invention is directed to improving the characteristic of two-terminal power diodes, such as Schottky and gate controlled power diodes, by including a vertical superjunction region having alternating P and N doped regions for connecting an anode on one surface with a cathode on an opposing surface.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the invention, a two-terminal power rectifier, such as a Schottky or gate controlled diode, is provided with a conductive channel having alternating P and N doped regions between the two terminals. The alternating doped regions enhance the reverse bias breakdown voltage while maintaining a low on resistance between the two terminals. The connective channel can have stripped P and N doped regions or meshed P and N regions.

The invention and objections and features thereof will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims when taken with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a section view of a gate controlled diode rectifier in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a section view of a Schottky diode in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 3A-3C are section views illustrating steps in fabricating the power diode of FIGS. 1 and 2 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are section views illustrating two embodiments of a power diode in accordance with the invention, and like elements have the same reference numerals. Both devices have a top electrode 10 and a bottom electrode 12 on opposing surfaces of a semiconductor structure including an N+ substrate 14 , an N− epitaxial layer 16 , and a superjunction region 18 between N− epitaxial layer 16 and N+ substrate 14 . The superchannel region 18 comprises alternating P and N doped regions placed within the N− doped cathode and spaced from the anode. Importantly, the spacing of the superchannel from the anode can be readily varied during fabrication.

In FIG. 1 a gate controlled diode structure is provided similar to the diode structures in copending application Ser. No. 09/544,730, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,160. Similar devices fabricated by different processes are also disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 09/742,262, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,624,030, and application Ser. No. 09/805,815, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,225. Briefly, these structures include N+ anodes 20 which communicate with N− epitaxial layer 16 through channel regions formed by shallow boron implant at 22 under gate electrodes 24 with voltages applied to gate 24 controlling the conduction of the channel between anode 20 and N− region 16 . Top electrode 10 ohmically contacts anodes 20 , gate 24 , and P-doped regions 26 formed in the surface of epitaxial layer 16 .

The superjunction 18 comprising the alternating N and P doped regions extending between epitaxial layer 16 and N+ substrate 14 can be either alternating stripes, as shown, or a mesh structure in which N and P regions are surrounded by material of opposite conductivity type. Fabrication of the superchannels employs known techniques such as the mesh process disclosed by Saggio et al. in “MDMesh™: innovative technology for high voltage powerMOSFETs,” ISPSO 2000, May 22-25, pp 65-68; the super trench method disclosed in Nitta et al., “Experimental Results and Simulation Analysis of 250V Super Trench Power MOSFET (STM),” ISPSO 2000, May 22-25, pp 77-80; and the multi-epitaxy process disclosed by Minato et al. in “Which is cooler, Trench or Multi-Epitaxy?” ISPSO 2000, May 22-25, pp 73-76. As described above, the superjunction structure provides a balanced space charge and reduced electric field below the critical field strength at which avalanche breakdown would occur in similar two-terminal diodes without the superjunction.

In FIG. 2 the gate controlled diode structure of FIG. 1 is replaced by a metal 10 which makes a Schottky junction with N− epitaxial layer 16 . Suitable Schottky metals are known and include titanium, molybdenum, platinum, and nickel, for example.

FIGS. 3A-3C are section views illustrating steps in fabricating the diode structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 . In FIG. 3A , N+ silicon substrate 14 is provided with an N− or undoped epitaxial layer 30 . In FIG. 3B , the superchannel structure 18 is formed using the processes described above, for example. Preferably the alternating doped regions have the same dopant concentration to provide the balanced space charge and reduced electric field below a critical field strength when the diode is reverse biased.

After the superchannel structure is completed, an N-doped epitaxial layer 16 is grown from the single crystal silicon in the superjunction 18 as shown in FIG. 3 C. Thereafter, the Schottky material is deposited for completing the Schottky diode of FIG. 2 , or the process steps disclosed in the copending applications, supra, are used to form the gate controlled diode structure of FIG. 1 .

A two-terminal power diode including a super channel in accordance with the invention improves the reverse bias breakdown voltage of the diode without adversely affecting the on resistance. While the invention has been described with reference to specific applications, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications and applications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A power diode comprising:a) a semiconductor body having two opposing surfaces and a superjunction therebetween, the superjunction structure including a plurality of alternating P and N doped regions aligned generally perpendicular to the two surfaces, b) a diode junction associated with one surface, the diode junction comprising an anode region and a gate controlled channel region connecting the anode region to the superjunction structure, the superjunction structure being within a cathode region of the diode and spaced from the anode region, and an ohmic contact metal contacting both the anode region and the gate.

2. The power diode as defined by claim 1 wherein the alternating P and N doped regions are parallel stripes.

3. The power diode as defined by claim 1 wherein the alternating P and N doped regions are a mesh of P and N regions with each region being surrounded by doped material of opposite conductivity type.

4. A power diode comprising:a) a semiconductor body having two opposing surfaces and a superjunction therebetween, the superjunction structure including a plurality of alternating P and N doped regions aligned generally perpendicular to the two surfaces, b) a diode junction associated with one surface, the diode junction comprising a metal on the one surface and forming a Schottky junction therewith, the superjunction structure being within a cathode region of the diode and spaced from the diode junction, and c) an ohmic contact on the other surface.

5. The power diode as defined by claim 4 wherein the alternating P and N doped regions are parallel stripes.

6. The power diode as defined by claim 4 wherein the alternating P and N doped regions are a mesh of P and N regions with each region being surrounded by doped material of opposite conductivity type.

7. The power diode as defined by claim 4 wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, titanium, molybdenum, and nickel.