1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to integrated circuit packaging and, more particularly, to semiconductor memory encased within a molded resin to form a memory module having edge connectors aligned substantially within a row near the edge of the module. The edge connectors are configured as substantially planar pads extending along an outer surface of the module, where the outer, exposed surface of the edge connectors frictionally contact against an outer surface of corresponding pads arranged within a receptor. The receptor thereby receives the memory module dimensioned according to standards adopted by compact flash card, smart media card, flash path card, multimedia card and secure digital card manufacturers, including the standardized dimensions offered by JEIDA and PCMCIA, for example.
2. Description of the Related Art
The following descriptions and examples are not admitted to be prior art by virtue of their inclusion within this section.
An electronic system is typically known as any device that can receive, transmit, and process electronic signals. Examples of popular electronic systems include the personal computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), digital camera, or any other electronic-based appliance used in a consumer setting. A commonality among all electronic systems is that they employ an interconnection of one or more circuits. Depending on the amount of integration, the circuits can be formed on a single monolithic substrate, often a silicon substrate, henceforth referred to as an integrated circuit.
Typical electronic systems use one or more integrated circuits connected to each other by conductors. Thus, circuits within one integrated circuit can communicate with circuits within another integrated circuit. In order to protect the functionality of the circuits, each integrated circuit is often placed in a package which seals the integrated circuit from the environment. In addition to it being used to protect an integrated circuit, a package can also help distribute signals sent to and from the integrated circuit and, depending on the materials used, the package may also help dissipate heat that occurs during operation of the integrated circuit.
There are numerous types of integrated circuit packages, basically categorized as either ceramic packages or plastic packages. Ceramic packages surround the encased integrated circuit with air, while plastic packages generally employ a resin that fills the space between the integrated circuit and the surrounding package. Plastic packages are often less expensive than ceramic packages. Regardless of whether ceramic or plastic is used, there are numerous package configurations and lead arrangements extending from the package. The leads serve to communicate signals to and from the integrated circuit and, thus, are electrically connected to corresponding bonding pads on the integrated circuit in one of possibly three ways: wire bonds, Tape-Automated Bonding (TAB), or flip-chip. Each of these arrangements are relatively well-known and are used in differing applications based on cost constraints and the density of the integrated circuit bonding pads.
Once the integrated circuit is bonded to the leads and a package is formed about the integrated circuit, the matter of connecting one packaged integrated circuit to another packaged integrated circuit generally involves a printed circuit board or “card.” A card is a rigid, substantially planar backbone element that employs one or more layers of trace conductors separated by a dielectric. The trace conductors extend along one ore more of the conductive layers and, through vias, connect leads of one integrated circuit to leads of another integrated circuit. The printed circuit board can have plated-through holes to accommodate downward extending leads of a packaged integrated circuit, or can simply have a square or rectangular pad on which planar surfaces of the packaged integrated circuit leads can be surface-mounted. The card serves not only to interconnect signals between integrated circuits, but also provides mechanical support for multiple integrated circuits arranged within a chassis of the electronic system. The card thereby suffices to arrange the bonded integrated circuits a spaced distance from each other within the confines of the chassis.
There are numerous ways in which to configure a card and the integrated circuits bonded to that card. For example,
Memory card 10 can, therefore, be inserted into a receptor 22 that is electrically connected to, for example, another card 24. Like card 10, card 24 may also contain printed conductors and one or more integrated circuits 26 interconnected with each other on a surface of card 24. However, distinguishable from card 24, card 10 is used for a specific purpose that can be universally applied to an electronic system, and is obtainable from numerous vendors in the memory technology sector. Card 10 is therefore a memory card, and utilizes edge connectors 12 that can be frictionally engaged with conductive elements 28 arranged within receptor 22. Connectors 12 are designed to be releasibly inserted into receptor 22.
Shown in
In addition to the printed circuit board (or card) on which memory 30b, memory controller 30a, and capacitors 34 are secured, card 10 can also take on a covering 36 which surrounds and protects the integrated circuits and capacitors mounted to card 10. Formed as part of covering 36 is a tab or switch 38 that, when moved, prevents a write operation to the memory integrated circuit. Switch 38 thereby suffices to “write protect” memory card 10. Any signals sent to edge conductors 12 intended to be written onto the storage elements of memory 30b will be prevented from being stored therein if switch 38 is activated. Activation can occur simply by moving switch 38 from one position to another along the sidewall surface of card 10.
The memory card 10 shown in the configuration of
At present there are numerous types of memory cards having the aforesaid characteristics. Popular such memory cards include: Sony's memory stick, compact flash, smart media, PC cards, flash path, multimedia cards and secure digital. All of the well-known memory cards typically have both a memory controller and non-volatile memory mounted on the card itself, or have the controller form a part of the memory interface, all of which are interconnected to the edge connectors. In order to be usable in multiple electronic systems made by different manufacturers, the industry has imposed a standard on the size of many memory cards. For example, Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) or Japanese Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA) implemented a standard dimension for what are dubbed as Type I, Type II or Type III cards. A Type I memory card measures approximately 2.126×3.37 inches, and is approximately 3.3 mm thick. A Type II memory card is approximately 5.0 mm thick, yet has the same length and width measurements as the Type I card. Under development is a further standard, known as Type III memory card, which is slated to be approximately 10.5 mm thick. All such types of cards are approximately 3.3 mm thick along their guide rails so thinner cards can fit newer, thicker slots. The Type I, Type II, and Type III memory cards are oftentimes referred to as PC cards since the memory cards are sometimes used as a slide-in memory for a personal computer. In addition, multimedia memory cards and secure digital memory cards are often dimensioned 32 mm×24 mm, with a thickness of 1.4 mm or 2.1 mm, respectively. A smart media card is, however, made approximately 45 mm×37 mm, with a thickness of about 0.70-0.88 mm.
Regardless of whether the memory card is dimensioned according to PCMCIA or JEIDA standards, or is dimensioned as a multimedia card, a secure digital card, a compact flash card, a smart media card or a flash path card, the memory card is one that must fit in a receptor specifically designed to receive a memory card manufactured by one of numerous manufacturers. Additionally, the memory card is considerably larger than a conventional packaged integrated circuit, which generally has no defined outer dimension since a packaged integrated circuit does not bear edge connectors placed only at one edge of the integrated circuit package for slide engagement into a receptor of an electronic system. Such systems include digital cameras, laptap computers, handheld PDAs that often have a slot to receive additional memory afforded by the memory card. The secure digital memory card can have a mechanical switch mounted on the outer covering to prevent writing of data to the integrated circuit. Various other memory cards may or may not have such a switch.
It would be desirable to be able to manufacture a memory card using a conventional edge connector arrangement employed by memory cards, and dimensioned according to standards used by legacy memory card manufacturers. The desired memory card would, however, avoid using a printed circuit board or card for electrical routing or as a backbone for mechanical stability. The desired memory card could be classified as a memory module made of less expensive materials and in less time than conventional memory cards. The desired memory module avoids the most expensive component of a memory card by eliminating the cost and lead time needed to form package material about an integrated circuit, form printed conductors upon and within a card, and form the connection between leads of the integrated circuit and printed conductors upon (or within) the card.
The problems outlined above are in large part solved by a memory module having the dimensions and characteristics of a conventional memory card absent the expense and time in making such a card. The memory module is dimensioned the same as conventional memory cards and functions similar to conventional memory cards, yet can be readily manufactured using essentially a two-step process: mount an un-packaged integrated circuit onto printed conductors absent a mechanical support of a card, and then encase the leads in a material configured according to a conventional memory card standard dimensions.
The memory module uses an integrated circuit that embodies the memory circuits, the memory controller, and any capacitive elements needed to decouple signal lines on a single monolithic substrate. The first step in processing the memory module entails bonding conductors to bonding pads of the integrated circuit similar to techniques used to bond leads to the integrated circuit when forming a packaged integrated circuit. However, instead of merely packaging the integrated circuit, the bonded conductors can then be encased within an encapsulate that has an outside dimension similar to conventional memory cards. The edge connectors attributable to a memory card are arranged in similar fashion on the memory module, where the conductors serve not only to connect to the integrated circuit bonding pads, but also a portion of each conductor is presented as a substantially planar surface (i.e., pad) that forms the corresponding edge connector.
According to one embodiment, a plurality of conductors form the edge connectors and receptors for coupling to corresponding bondings pads. The conductors therefore are used to connect electrical signals sent to and from the bonding pads via the edge connectors. Thus, a first end of each of the plurality of conductors are connected to corresponding bonding pads, and a second end of each of conductor is shaped similar to edge connectors of a conventional memory card. Unlike conventional integrated circuit packaging, the present plurality of conductors extend only in one direction from the integrated circuit, thereby, forming a row of second ends near an edge of the memory module. The second ends of the plurality of conductors extend flush with, or possibly extend slightly above or below, the outer surface of the memory module so that, when inserted into a receptor, the second ends which comprise the edge connectors, will be retained only in surface contact with a corresponding planar conductive surfaces within the receptor. The second ends therefore have a planar outer surface that releasibly contacts with a corresponding planar outer surface of conductive elements within the receptors so that the memory module can be slid into and be removed (i.e., released) from the receptor. Meanwhile, the second ends maintain electrical communication with the conductive elements so that the memory module communicates with the electronic system.
The plurality of conductors can be fingers extending into an opening created within a conductive tape or lead frame. The fingers therefore form a part of the tape or the lead frame used in TAB or wire bond processes, respectively. Thus, the first end of one or more of the plurality of conductors can be secured directly to a corresponding bonding pad using, for example, solder bumps placed on the distal end of the TAB fingers. Alternatively, a wire can be imposed between the lead frame post, or “bond finger,” and a bonding pad on the integrated circuit.
If a lead frame is used, the post that is coupled to the bonding pad by a wire bond is specially designed. The post (or conductor) can extend, for example, in two planes whereby a first plane can be above or coplanar with a first portion (or paddle) on which the integrated circuit is secured. A second part of the conductor can be configured parallel to the first plane, and below the first plane such that the post (or conductor) extends along the first plane downward at an angle to the second plane. According to one example, the downward angle is less than ninety degrees, and preferably less than 60 degrees from a horizontal plane. The second part, as well as the angled joinder of the first and second parts is encompassed entirely within the resin. The part of the conductor which occupies the second plane forms the edge connector and, therefore, is brought flush with the outer surface of the memory module. The part that extends along the first plane is dimensioned to receive a wire bond. In this fashion, the conductor or lead frame suffices not only to convey signals to and from the integrated circuit, but also is shaped to extend both within the memory module encapsulate material and outside the encapsulate material.
The memory module can be formed using a simple pair of mold housings, and the integrated circuit purposely avoids having to rest upon any mechanical support other than, for example, a first portion (or “paddle”) of a lead frame. The pair of mold housings will thereby form a cavity which surrounds the TAB-bonded or lead frame-bonded integrated circuit, and liquid resin can be inserted into the cavity. The inner walls of the pair of mold housings which form the cavity are dimensioned as a memory card device with associated width, height, and length configuration of a convention memory card. Thus, the mold cavity is much larger than the silicon substrate of an un-packaged integrated circuit, wherein the mold cavity forms the memory module using flowable encapsulate surrounding solely a lead frame and attached integrated circuit. No intervening card or substrate is needed to support the integrated circuit as in conventional designs where packaged integrated circuits are mounted on a card, or flip-chip secured to a substrate that may be mounted to a card.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Turning now to the drawings,
In addition to heat and pressure, other mechanisms may also be used to form the connection in a TAB process. For example, adhesives or carbon-filled silicon rubber may be used between the fingers and bonding pads. This can minimize fatigue on the tape caused by heat and pressure. In addition, the bumps can be made either of a solder-based material or tin-lead composite. Alternatively, the bumps can be made mostly of gold which has a much higher conductivity than aluminum, tin, or lead. All of the various improvements for making tape 46, fingers 44, bumps on fingers 44 or pads 40, and securing fingers to corresponding pads are herein contemplated, provided such improvements effectuate a highly reliable and highly conductive connection between the conductive fingers 44 and circuits within integrated circuit 42.
It may be necessary to have certain active bonding pads arranged on one side of each integrated circuit. Preferably, arranged on the opposing side of the integrated circuit could be dummy bonding pads which have bond capability, yet are not connected to any internal circuitry of the integrated circuit. For example, only one side of an integrated circuit can have active bonding pads, and the other three sides of the integrated circuit can have dummy bonding pads. The dummy bonding pads are necessary only for mechanical and assembly reasons, yet do not serve to communicate with internal circuitry of the integrated circuit.
As shown in
The resin can be made of any inert component that is non-conductive, yet may have some thermal conductive properties. For example, the resin can be made of silicones, phenolics, and bisphenol (epoxy). The resin can also contain various curing agents, hardeners, accelerators, inert fillers, coupling agents, flame-retardants, stress-relief additives, coloring agents, and mold-release agents. In whatever form, resin 66 is injected in liquid form into the cavity between the inward-facing surfaces of mold housings 62. After the liquid resin has had sufficient time to cure, it hardens to the form and dimension of a conventional memory card.
After resin 72 has hardened, a covering 74 can be placed around the hardened resin. For example, covering 74 can be made of plastic which is heat-shrunk to fit the outer dimensions of the resin, or can be glued or welded at the joint between a two-part assembly of the covering. Memory card 70 may, therefore, be formed either with or without covering 74. If covering 74 is present, however, a mechanical switch or tab can be formed within the covering, similar to item 38 shown in FIG. 2. Alternatively, the switch can be snap assembled to slots formed in the resin 72.
Regardless of whether covering 74 is used, the hardened resin can be partially removed to expose an outer surface of conductor 60a. Removal 78 can take place either by back-lapping or etching the molded resin in the select region near the edge of memory module 70. Beneficially, the removal process is employed on the backside surface of the memory module near the forward-leading edge, so that the forward edge can be inserted into a receptor bearing corresponding conductive elements. Alternatively, the molding process can leave the pad areas free of resin by, for example, forming the mold cavity so that a recess can be formed to expose the conductors 60a.
Extending outward from the first portion 82 of lead frame 80 are support arms 84. Support arms 84 thereby secure the position of the first portion 82 relative to a frame 86 which encircles first portion 84. Extending inward from one side of frame 86 is a series of conductors 88. Each conductor 88 includes a first portion 90 and a second portion 92. First portion 90 is relatively thin in upper surface area, while second portion 92 is much wider. Portions 90 and 92 are formed from a single piece of conductive material and extend as an integral piece with items 82, 84 and 86. Thus, support member 84, first portion 82, member 86, and conductors 88 are preferably formed from the same sheet, with each item stamped from that sheet.
It may be desirable that memory module 70 use two or more integrated circuits. For example, one integrated circuit may simply contain the memory storage element, and another integrated circuit be used to contain the memory controller and any decoupling capacitors needed. Alternatively, the first integrated circuit can contain storage elements and a controller, while the second integrated circuit can also contain storage elements and a controller, similar to the first integrated circuit. If, for example, a single integrated circuit does not contain all of the storage elements, controller, and decoupling components, memory module 70 can accommodate one integrated circuit stacked upon another using a die adhesive 91 placed therebetween. The second integrated circuit 42a can be shifted or offset laterally from integrated circuit 42. Alternatively, the second integrated circuit need not be offset if, for example, the second integrated circuit is spaced from the integrated circuit by a spacer that can accommodate wires coupled to the underlying bonding pads. In either instance, measures need be taken to enable a row of bonding pads on the lower integrated circuit to be exposed if, for example, wire bonding is needed. Since only those bonding pads arranged near one side of an integrated circuit are bonded, the second integrated circuit can be placed over the lower integrated circuit possibly offset according to the configuration shown. Wire bonds can emanate from bonding pads of both the upper and lower integrated circuits to corresponding first part 90 of respective conductors 88.
It will be appreciated to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that the details provided herein are believed to denote a memory module that can be formed without having to first package an integrated circuit, and then bond leads of the packaged integrated circuit to a printed circuit board or card. The memory module thereby avoids using cards as the backbone of mechanical support and electrical connectivity normally employed in conventional memory cards. The improved memory module can have further modifications and alternative forms to include various aspects of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in art after having reviewed this description. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such modifications and changes and, accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
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