Patent Grant
10470293
The present application claims priority from Japanese application JP 2017-223643, filed on Nov. 21, 2017, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
The invention relates to a printed circuit board and optical transceiver with the printed circuit board.
As a broadband network has become more popular recently, an optical transceiver for optical fiber transmission is designed so as to realize higher transmission rate, smaller size and lower-cost. At present, the optical transceiver with a bit rate of 100 Gbit/s has been commercially available in order to realize higher rate of the optical transceiver. For the smaller size and lower-cost of the optical transceiver, the smaller sized casing and reduced number of components of the optical transceiver has been promoted. As a result, commonly used optical transceiver has a form factor and an electrical interface compatible to MSA (Multi Source Agreement) named QSFP28.
The optical transceiver comprises an electrical interface for serial data with 4 by 25 Gbit/s and a printed circuit board on which four channels of differential transmission lines for reception and four channels of differential transmission lines for transmission are arranged. For example, on the reception side of the optical transceiver, the optical transceiver is connected, via a flexible board connected to a four-channel ROSA (Receiver Optical Subassembly), to the four channels of differential transmission lines and converts optical reception signals into electrical signals by the ROSA. The differential transmission lines are connected to a four-channel CDR (Clock Data Recovery) IC, and the electrical signals are input to the optical transceiver via the differential transmission lines. As the optical transceiver has been miniaturized, the printed circuit board of the optical transceiver is required to have components of the optical transceiver disposed on the printed circuit board in a highly dense manner. For example in case the printed circuit board has a limited area for the components to dispose on the printed circuit board, the printed circuit is connected to the flexible printed circuit of the ROSA on a first surface of the printed circuit board while the CDR IC is disposed on the opposite second surface of the printed circuit board. In such a case, four pairs of differential signals vias are needed to dispose the differential transmission lines both on the first and second surfaces.
As a measure for a printed circuit board with less areas for components on the printed circuit board, JP2014-138015A discloses a printed circuit board having pairs of differential signal vias, each pair arranged to suppress any crosstalk between neighboring pairs. The described printed circuit board has paired-vias wherein paired-vias possessed by a specified differential signal via for transmitting a differential signal different from signal of another differential signal via adjacent thereto are arranged on a locus of a point distanced equally from each of the paired-vias possessed by another differential signal via.
JP2016-006874A discloses a printed circuit board having pairs of differential signal vias wherein the pairs are arranged such that some pairs form a broadside-coupled structure and other pairs form an edge-coupled structure. The described printed circuit board utilizes a positive polarity of a forward (far-end) crosstalk of the edge-coupled pairs and a negative polarity of a forward crosstalk of the broadside-coupled pairs to offset both crosstalk.
However, on the printed circuit board in JP2014-138015A, neighboring pairs of differential signal vias should be arranged such that one pair of the neighboring pairs is oriented by 90 degree with respect to the other pair. Thus, for example, if the four-channel of differential transmission lines are disposed on the first surface linearly, the four-channels of differential transmission lines have to be drawn so as to detour around the point where the four-channels of differential transmission lines are connected to the respective differential signal vias. In such a case, the differential transmission lines occupy a significant part of an area on the printed circuit board, and thus increases asymmetry of each differential transmission line, thereby increasing degree of conversion of a differential mode to a common mode. As a result, the printed circuit board in JP2014-138015A hardly realizes high-density arrangement or high transmission property of the differential transmission lines.
The printed circuit board in JP2016-006874A utilizes a broadside coupling between differential signal vias. Since the “broadside coupled” differential signal vias induce inductive coupling, closed arrangement of neighboring broadside-coupled paired differential signal vias in the high density increases inductive coupling of the neighboring broadside-coupled paired differential signal vias, thereby increasing crosstalk of the neighboring broadside-coupled pairs of differential signal vias. That is because the closed arrangement causes the crosstalk of the neighboring broadside-coupled pairs of differential signal vias to be dominant, and thus the crosstalk cannot be suppressed. Therefore, the printed circuit board in JP2016-006874A hardly realizes high-density arrangement of the differential transmission lines.
Furthermore, if the “broadside-coupled” differential signal vias are employed, for example, the four-channels of differential transmission lines are arranged on the first surface of the printed circuit board in a highly dense manner, the differential transmission lines should be drawn to detour around the point where the differential transmission lines are connected to the respective differential signal vias. In such a case, the drawn differential transmission line makes occupation area increase on the printed circuit board, and thus increases asymmetry of each differential transmission line, thereby increasing the degree of conversion of the differential mode to the common mode. As a result, the printed circuit board in JP2016-006874A hardly realizes high-density arrangement or high transmission property of the differential transmission lines.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a printed circuit board which realizes miniaturization of the printed circuit board and ensures integrity of a transmission waveform transmitted through the printed circuit board, and to provide an optical transceiver comprising the printed circuit board.
(1) A printed circuit board according to a first aspect of the invention comprises: a dielectric layer; N pairs of differential signal vias which penetrate through the dielectric layer wherein N is an integer more than one; N pairs of first strip conductors disposed on a first surface of the dielectric layer; a first ground conductor layer disposed in the dielectric layer forming N first differential transmission lines with the N pairs of first strip conductors and the dielectric layer; N pairs of second strip conductors disposed on a second surface of the dielectric layer; a second ground conductor layer disposed in the dielectric layer forming N of second differential transmission lines with the N pairs of second strip conductors and the dielectric layer, wherein the N pairs of first strip conductors and the N pairs of second strip conductors are connected to each other via the N pairs of differential signal vias; and first and second ground conductor layers have first and second single openings to insulate the first and second ground conductor layers from the N pairs of differential signal vias, respectively, and wherein the N pairs of differential signal vias penetrate through the first and second single openings and are arranged along one direction in the first and second single openings.
(2) The printed circuit board according to (1) may further comprise (2N+2) ground conductor vias arranged around each of the N pairs of differential signal vias, wherein two of the (2N+2) ground conductor vias may be disposed between two neighboring pairs of the N pairs of differential signal vias, and may face each other across the first and second single openings; and each of the (2N+2) ground conductor vias may be connected to the first and second ground conductor layers outside the first and second single openings.
(3) In the printed circuit board according to (1) or (2), where D1 represents a center-to-center distance between two neighboring pairs of differential signal vias of the N pairs of differential signal vias; P represents a center-to-center distance between two neighboring ones of the first differential transmission lines connected to the two neighboring pairs of differential signal vias, (D1, P) may lie within a quadrangle having the following apexes: (0.6 mm, 1.2 mm), (0.9 mm, 1.6 mm), (1.2 mm, 2.2 mm) and (0.6 mm, 2.2 mm).
(4) A printed circuit board according to a second aspect of the invention comprises: a dielectric layer; N pairs of differential signal vias which penetrate through the dielectric layer wherein N is an integer more than one; N pairs of first strip conductors disposed on a first surface of the dielectric layer; a first ground conductor layer disposed in the dielectric layer forming N of first differential transmission lines with the N pairs of first strip conductors and the dielectric layer; N pairs of second strip conductors disposed on a second surface of the dielectric layer; and a second ground conductor layer disposed in the dielectric layer forming N of second differential transmission lines with the N pairs of second strip conductors and the dielectric layer, wherein the N pairs of first strip conductors and the N pairs of second strip conductors are connected to each other via the N pairs of differential signal vias; and where D1 represents a center-to-center distance between two neighboring pairs of differential signal vias of the N pairs of differential signal vias; P represents a center-to-center distance between two neighboring ones of the first differential transmission lines connected to the two neighboring pairs of differential signal vias, (D1, P) may lie within a quadrangle having the following apexes: (0.6 mm, 1.2 mm), (0.9 mm,1.6 mm), (1.2 mm, 2.2 mm) and (0.6 mm, 2.2 mm).
(5) In the printed circuit board according to (4), the first and second ground conductor layers have the first and second single openings to insulate the first and second ground conductor layers from the N pairs of differential signal vias, respectively; and the N pairs of differential signal vias penetrate through the first and second single openings and are arranged along one direction in the first and second single openings.
(6) The printed circuit board according to (4) or (5) may further comprise (2N+2) ground conductor vias arranged around each of the N pairs of differential signal vias, wherein two of the (2N+2) ground conductor vias may be disposed between two neighboring pairs of the N pairs of differential signal vias, and may face each other across the first and second single openings; and each of the (2N+2) ground conductor vias may be connected to the first and second ground conductor layers outside the first and second single openings.
(7) An optical transceiver comprises the printed circuit board according to any one of (1)-(6).
(8) The optical transceiver according to (7) may further comprise an optical transmitter subassembly configured to output an optical signal, an optical receiver subassembly configured to receive the optical signal and then convert the optical signal to an electrical signal, a flexible printed circuit having N third differential transmission lines formed on the flexible printed circuit, an integrated circuit (IC) and a housing accommodating the printed circuit board, the optical receiver subassembly, the flexible printed circuit, and the IC, wherein the electrical signal may be connected to the first differential transmission lines of the printed circuit board via the third differential transmission lines of the flexible printed circuit.
The printed circuit board of the invention eliminates any needs to draw the differential transmission lines to detour by arranging the pairs of differential signal vias along one direction through the first and second single openings in the first and second ground conductor layers, respectively. Thus, the printed circuit board can be miniaturized.
The printed circuit board of the invention allows all lengths of the pairs of differential transmission lines to be substantially equal to each other by arranging the pairs of differential signal vias along one direction through the first and second single openings in the first and second ground conductor layers, respectively. Thus, the printed circuit board can suppress the degree of conversion of the differential mode to the common mode, and thus maintain a good transmission property of the differential transmission lines in a required range of frequencies.
The printed circuit board of the invention can at least partially offset the forward-crosstalk from the capacitive and inductive couplings of differential signal vias by arranging the pairs of differential signal vias along one direction through the first and second single openings in the first and second ground conductor layers, respectively. Thus, the printed circuit board can reduce the amount of the forward crosstalk of the channels.
In this way, the printed circuit board of the invention can maintain the good transmission property of differential transmission lines and reduce the amount of the forward crosstalk of the channels, thereby ensuring the integrity of transmission waveform transmitted through the printed circuit board.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which:
Like reference numerals designate the same or similar elements throughout all views so as to avoid any redundant description of the same or similar elements.
An optical transceiver 3 is inserted into an opening on a front panel 204 of the network device. The optical transceiver 3 is mounted on a printed circuit board 203 of the network device. A connector 208 is disposed on the printed circuit board 203 of the network device. A card edge 210 mate with the connector 208. The card edge 210 is exposed from a slot opening formed at a rear part of a housing consisting of an upper housing member 200 and a lower housing member 201.
The optical transceiver 3 comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) 1, the upper housing member 200, the lower housing member 201, a receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) 205, a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) (not shown in the Figure), a first flexible printed circuit (FPC) 206 connected to the ROSA, a second FPC 211 connected to the TOSA, a CDR IC 207, and the card edge 210. The upper and lower housing members 200 and 201 are tightly fit except the slot opening so as to form the housing of the optical transceiver 3. The ROSA 205, the TOSA, the first and second FPCs 206,211 and the PCB 1 etc are stored in the housing of the optical transceiver 3. The ROSA 205 and the TOSA are connected to the PCB 1 via the first and second FPCs 206,211. The card edge 210 is a wiring pattern disposed on one end of the printed circuit board 1. An array of contact terminals for the connector 208 is disposed on the card edge 210. Four pairs of differential transmission lines are arranged on the first FPC 206. Several ICs including the CDR IC 207 are mounted on the PCB 1.
The housing of the optical transceiver 3 covers the PCB 1 on which electronic components are mounted to function as an electromagnetic shield. The upper and lower housing members 200 and 201 may consist of metal such as Zn, Al. The card edge 210 is capable of performing a hotswap function. The connector 208 conforms to the QSFP28 MSA. The ROSA 205 converts four channels of optical input signals into electrical signals, and then amplifies the electrical signals to output four channels of digitally modulated differential signals at a bit rate of 25.78 Gbit/s to external terminals.
The PCB 1 according to the first embodiment encompasses both one comprising one or more dielectric layers having a wiring pattern on and in the one or more dielectric layers, and one comprising a multilayered structure consisting of dielectric sublayers. Throughout the present disclosure, the term “in the one or more dielectric layers” means a space inside of one dielectric layer or a space between two dielectric layers. The dielectric layer encompasses a single dielectric layer and a plurality of dielectric layers. As shown in
The external terminals of the ROSA 205 are connected to the first differential transmission lines 100 on the first surface of the PCB 1 via the FPC 206, on which third differential transmission lines are formed. The first differential transmission lines 100 are connected to the second differential transmission lines 110 on the second surface via the array of differential signal vias 2. The second differential transmission lines 110 on the second surface are connected to the Rx-CDR IC 207 on the second surface. Although four channels of differential transmission lines are illustrated in
The Rx-CDR IC 207 is connected to the differential transmission lines which form the four channels. Two-channel equivalent numbers of differential transmission lines are connected, via the differential signal vias 144,145, to corresponding two-channel equivalent numbers of differential transmission lines on the first surface, which are connected to the card edge 210.
Similar to the ROSA, the TOSA is connected to the first surface of the PCB 1 via the second FPC 211. The TOSA is connected to the Tx-CDR 209 via the differential transmission lines on the first surface of the PCB 1. The Tx-CDR 209 is connected to the card edge 210 via the two channels on the first surface and the rest two channels on the second surface.
As shown in
For providing better understanding of the channel structure, the illustrated four channels will be described (hereinafter, referred to as first, second, third and fourth channels from left to right). Specifically, the second channel will be described consisting of the differential signal vias 104, 105. It is noted that the four channels have the same structure including dimensions of the four channels near the differential signal vias. The differential signal vias 104, 105 form a pair of the differential signal vias. The differential signal vias 104, 105 connect a surface wiring on the first surface (a first pair of strip conductors) to a surface wiring on the second surface (a second pair of strip conductors). D1 represents a center-to-center distance between the differential signal vias 104, 105 (a pitch of differential signal vias). In the first embodiment, D1 is 0.7 mm, however, any other value is contemplated. In the first embodiment, the differential signal vias 104,105 may be in the form of both the IVH (interstitial via hole) and LVH (laser via hole), which can be fabricated by drill processing and laser processing, respectively. However, the differential signal vias 104,105 may be fabricated by various methods depending on production processes of the multilayered PCB 1. In the first embodiment, the vias (via holes) may be formed by: opening IVHs, each having a diameter of 0.2 mm; cupper plating inner surfaces of the IVHs; opening LVHs, each having a diameter of 0.1 mm; and cupper plating inner surfaces of the LVHs.
The first differential transmission lines 100 on the first surface consists of a pair of strip conductors 101,102 (a first pair of strip conductors) on the surface of the PCB 1 and the ground conductor layer 103 in the dielectric layer 130. The strip conductors 101,102 and ground conductor layer 103 may be formed by patterning a cupper foil. The first differential transmission lines 100 are microstrip lines. The width of each of the strip conductors 101,102 and the distance between the strip conductors 101,102 are determined such that the first differential transmission lines 100 have the respective characteristic differential impedance of 100Ω. For example, if the dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of 3.5 and the interlayer distance between the strip conductors 101,102 and the ground conductor layer 103 is 0.166 mm, it is preferable to set the width of each of the strip conductors 101,102 and the distance between the strip conductors 101,102 0.19 mm and 0.20 mm, respectively. In
Compound material of glass fabric and epoxy resin (glass epoxy resin) can be used for the dielectric layer 130 as a substrate of the PCB 1. In the first embodiment, the PCB 1 has a thickness of 1.0 mm, however, other thicknesses are contemplated.
The second differential transmission lines 110 on the second surface, opposite of the first surface, of the PCB 1 consists of strip conductors 111,112 (a second pair of strip conductors) on the second surface, and the ground conductor layer 113 in the dielectric layer. Similar to the first differential transmission lines 100, the strip conductors 111,112 may be dimensioned such that the second differential transmission lines 110 have the respective characteristic differential impedance of 100Ω, for example.
Four ground conductor vias 106,107,108,109 are arranged around the pair of the differential signal vias 104,105 such that the four ground conductor vias 106,107,108,109 form a rectangle seen from the top. D2 represents a center-to-center distance between the ground conductor vias 106,107. P represents a center-to-center distance between neighboring differential signal vias of the neighboring channels. D2 may be same as P. In the first embodiment, D2 is 1.4 mm. In the first embodiment, a center-to-center distance between the ground conductor vias 107,108 is 1.4 mm, however, other values are contemplated.
The openings (antipads) 120,121 are disposed in the ground conductor layers 103,113 to insulate the ground conductor layers 103,113 from the differential signal vias, respectively. All neighboring differential signal vias of the first, second, third, and fourth channels are disposed so as to penetrate through the openings 120,121. All differential signal vias are arranged along one direction seen from the top, forming the pairs of the differential signal vias of the first, second, third, and fourth channels. Preferably, all differential signal vias are arranged along one line.
The differential signal vias of the first, second, third, and fourth channels are arranged such that the ten ground conductor vias surround the four pairs of the differential signal vias. Two of the ten ground conductor vias are arranged between the neighboring differential signal vias so as to face each other across the openings. That is, the neighboring differential signal vias shares the two ground conductor vias. For example, the ground conductor vias 107,108 are disposed between the pairs of the differential signal vias of the second and the third channels, and the pairs of the differential signal vias of the second and the third channels share the ground conductor vias 107,108. In the first embodiment, the ten ground conductor vias are deployed for the four pairs of the differential signal vias. The ten ground conductor vias are connected the ground conductor layers 103,113 outside the openings 120,121. The ground conductor vias is arranged around corresponding differential signal vias to suppress a degree of spread of electromagnetic fields of the corresponding differential signal vias, thereby reducing an amount of crosstalk of the neighboring channels.
The first embodiment can reduce an area occupied by the array of the differential signal vias 2. In the first embodiment, a center-to-center distance of each paired differential signal vias of the first, second, third and fourth channels (a pitch of differential signal vias), D1, is 0.7 mm. In the first embodiment, a center-to-center distance of each paired differential signal vias between the neighboring channels (a channel pitch), P, is all 1.4 mm. In the first embodiment, a size of the array of the differential signal vias 2 is approximately 2.0 mm×6.2 mm.
Due to symmetry of the four channels (eight ports) of the differential signal vias, the forward crosstalk property of the four channels of the differential signal vias can be characterized through examination of six patterns of the forward crosstalk.
Frequency-dependence of the forward crosstalk property is obtained through three-dimensional electromagnetic field analysis. The result of the analysis demonstrates that the forward crosstalk property is kept to at most −36 dB, and thus that the array of the differential signal vias with very low crosstalk is realized.
As shown in
The left channel of the two channels will be described (referred to as the first channel) for the purpose of illustrating the channel structure not limitation. The four ground conductor vias 106, 107, 108 and 109 are arranged around the pair of the differential signal vias of the differential signal vias 104,105 so as to form a rectangle seen from the top. A center-to-center distance of the ground conductor vias 106, 107 is set so as to be equal to a center-to-center distance, P, of the differential signal vias between the neighboring channels. In the first embodiment, the center-to-center distance of the ground conductor vias 107,108 is 1.4 mm, however other values are contemplated. It is noted that the structure of the second channel is same as that of the first channel including the dimensions of the first and second channels.
The center-to-center distance (signal via pitch), D1, between the differential signal vias of each pair of the first and second channels is determined to be within the below-mentioned range of values so as to set D1 in the first channel equal to D1 in the second channel. For example, D1 is preferably 0.7 mm. The center-to-center distance (channel via pitch), P, between the differential signal vias of each of the first and second channels is determined to be within the below-mentioned range of values. For example, P is preferably 1.4 mm, however, other values are contemplated. Such arrangement of the differential signal vias can significantly reduce an area occupied by the differential signal vias.
The present inventor observed that an amount of the forward crosstalk monotonically increases with decreasing of a channel pitch P, and, reaches the maximum value at a channel pitch P of 2.3 mm, which is the minimum size, in the printed circuit board of the comparative example 1. It is known that such behavior of the forward crosstalk of the differential signal vias depends mainly on the capacitive coupling of the differential signal vias rather than the change of the differential signal vias.
Setting the differential via pitch, D1, 1.2 mm facilitates a characteristic impedance at the differential signal vias to match with 100Ω, which is ideal for maintaining a good transmission property. In the comparative example 1, setting the differential via pitch, D1, and the channel pitch, P, 1.2 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively, allows the maximum value of the forward crosstalk to be −38 dB, and thus to maintain a good transmission property. However, the present inventor has found it difficult to significantly reduce a width of the channel pitch, P, to realize further high-density implementation of the printed circuit board.
In the second embodiment, although a technically feasible size of a minimum channel pitch, P, depends on a pitch between differential signal vias, P can be smaller than 2.1 mm. If a pitch, D1, between differential signal vias is 1.2 mm, an amount of the forward crosstalk drastically increases with decreasing a channel pitch P. On the other hands, the present inventor has found that the amount of the forward crosstalk reaches the local minimum, and then increases if a channel pitch P decreases from 2.1 mm. This region, for example where a channel pitch P is 1.2 mm, shows that a coupling between differential signal vias is inductive. It can be seen from
Then, a pitch, D1, between differential signal vias and a channel pitch P will be described, which realize the above-mentioned mechanism of the offset, and thus reduction of the amount of the forward crosstalk in the second embodiment.
It follows from
As described above, according to the second embodiment, the optical transceiver comprising the printed circuit board, the FPC on the first surface of the printed circuit board, and the CDR IC on the second surface of the printed circuit board, reduces the amount of the forward crosstalk between the two channels from the ROSA to the Rx CDR IC, and also reduces the area occupied by the differential signal vias, thereby realizing the printed circuit board with higher-rate and higher-density implementation. As described in the comparative example 1, it is necessary to set the openings in the ground conductor layer apart from each other such that one pair of the differential signal vias is included in each opening in order to obtain the desired property. However, the present inventor has found that a good crosstalk property can be obtained even when the channel pitch P is smaller. As a result of the smaller channel pitch P, two neighboring pairs of differential signal vias can be disposed in a single opening in the ground conductor layer, and thus an area occupied by the array of differential signal vias can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, a good crosstalk property can be obtained even when neighboring channels share two ground conductor vias between the neighboring channels, and thus miniaturization can be realized. As a result of the smaller channel pitch P, the second embodiment can offer the printed circuit board which realizes miniaturization of the printed circuit board and ensures the integrity of the transmission waveform transmitted through the printed circuit board, and also offer the optical transceiver comprising the printed circuit board.
Although two channels of differential transmission lines and differential signal vias are arranged on the printed circuit board in the second embodiment, and four channels of differential transmission lines and differential signal vias are arranged on the printed circuit board in the first embodiment, the number of neighboring channels may be other than 2 or 4. Where the number of neighboring channels is N (wherein N is an integer equal to or more than two), (2N+2) ground conductor vias are arranged around N pairs of differential signal vias; two of the ground conductor vias are arranged between two of the neighboring channels so as to face each other across an opening in the ground conductor layer; the two neighboring channels share the two ground conductor vias; and the two ground conductor vias are connected to the ground conductor layer outside the opening.
In order to describe an effect of the embodiments, a comparative example 2 will be described with reference to
The comparative example 2 comprises four channels of an array of differential signal vias aimed at arranging higher-density arrangement than two sets of the neighboring differential signal vias in the comparative example 1 in a higher density manner. In the comparative example 2, the two sets of the two neighboring differential signal vias of the two channels are arranged alternately, and two pairs share the respective three ground conductor vias. Such arrangement allows a channel pitch P perpendicular to the direction along which the differential transmission lines 100 extend to be 1.4 mm, which is equal to one in the first embodiment. The present inventor has examined six cases of forward crosstalk properties of four channels of the differential transmission lines. As a result of the examination, the forward crosstalk reached the maximum between the second and third channels, and between the first and fourth channels. The maximum is equal to one in the comparative example 1, indicating a good property can be obtained. However, a size of an array of the differential signal vias 302 is about 3.4 mm×6.2 mm, which is inferior to the first embodiment comprising the array of the differential signal vias 2 with a size of 2.0 mm×6.2 mm from the view point of reduction of area.
In summary, the first embodiment offers the printed circuit board which can reduce an area occupied by the array of the differential signal vias, and realizes higher-rate and higher-density implementation than the comparative example 2 intended for high-density implementation. Therefore, the first embodiment can offer the printed circuit board which realizes miniaturization of the printed circuit board and ensures the integrity of the transmission waveform transmitted through the printed circuit board, and also offer the optical transceiver comprising the printed circuit board.
The first and second embodiments have been described in conjunction with the differential transmission lines connected to the ROSA. However, the first and second embodiments are not limited to the differential transmission lines connected to the ROSA. The first and second embodiments may be applied to an array of differential signal vias which connect the first and second surfaces of the printed circuit board. In the first and second embodiments, the differential transmission lines are connected to the CDR IC. However, the present invention offer the same advantageous effects as the first and second embodiments even when the differential transmission lines are connected to other ICs, such as DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
While there have been described what are at present considered to be certain embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that various modifications may be made thereto, and it is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-223643 | Nov 2017 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080224117 | Iwayama | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080227311 | Chan | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20090263140 | Kagaya | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20120229998 | Kagaya | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20140197899 | Kawai | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20150357760 | Aihara et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-138015 | Jul 2014 | JP |
| 2016-006874 | Jan 2016 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190159334 A1 | May 2019 | US |
