The present invention relates to packaging of microelectronic sensor devices such as image sensors and chemical sensors, and more particularly to a sensor package that leaves the sensor protected, electrically connected, yet exposed.
The trend for semiconductor devices is smaller integrated circuit (IC) devices (also referred to as chips), packaged in smaller packages (which protect the chip while providing off chip signaling connectivity). One example are image sensors, which are IC devices that include photo-detectors which transform incident light into electrical signals.
Image sensors are typically encapsulated in a package that protects the sensor from contamination, and provides the off chip signaling connectivity. One issue, however, is that transparent substrates used to encapsulate the optical sensor can adversely affect the light passing therethrough and onto the sensor (e.g. distortion and photon loss). Another type of sensor is a chemical sensor that detects physical substances such as gases and chemicals. However, in order to operate, the chemical sensor cannot be sealed off from the environment, yet it is still desirable to package such sensors for protection and off chip signaling connectivity.
Conventional sensor packages are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publications 2005/0104186 and 2005/0051859, and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,864. Each of the disclosed sensor packages includes a sensor chip, a host substrate such as a silicon member, a PCB or a Flex-PCB, a window opening for the sensor area, and a transparent glass that hermetically seals the sensor area. Optionally and frequently, the sealed area is filled with transparent epoxy to improve bonding strength between the sensor die and the host substrate, which sacrifices at least some of the photon sensor's sensitivity. The transparent glass is to protect the sensor area from contaminants and moisture while also providing additional substrate strength and rigidity to the package. The sensor chip is usually mounted on to the host substrate by a flip-chip or wire bonding technique. This allows the sensor bond pads to connect with a plurality of metal traces on the surface of host substrate through an interconnect such as ball grid array (BGA). Metal traces are generally deposited on the surface of the host substrate, which typically consists of a single layer of circuitry. However, it is difficult to achieve reduced sizes with these configurations and prevent sensor area contamination during the assembly process.
There is a need for an improved package and packaging technique that provides the sensor with some protection with off chip signaling connectivity, yet leaves the sensor exposed to what is being detected. There is also a need for improved attachment and connectivity schemes with supporting host substrates.
The aforementioned problems and needs are addressed by a packaged sensor assembly that includes a first substrate having opposing first and second surfaces and a plurality of conductive elements each extending between the first and second surfaces. A second substrate comprises opposing front and back surfaces, one or more detectors formed on or in the front surface, and a plurality of contact pads formed at the front surface which are electrically coupled to the one or more detectors. A third substrate is mounted to the front surface to define a cavity between the third substrate and the front surface, wherein the third substrate includes a first opening extending from the cavity through the third substrate. The back surface is mounted to the first surface. A plurality of wires each extend between and electrically connecting one of the contact pads and one of the conductive elements.
A method of forming a packaged sensor assembly includes providing a first substrate having opposing first and second surfaces, forming a plurality of conductive elements each extending between the first and second surfaces, providing a second substrate (that includes opposing front and back surfaces, one or more detectors formed on or in the front surface, and a plurality of contact pads formed at the front surface which are electrically coupled to the one or more detectors), mounting a third substrate to the front surface to define a cavity between the third substrate and the front surface, wherein the third substrate includes a first opening extending from the cavity through the third substrate, mounting the back surface to the first surface, and providing a plurality of wires each extending between and electrically connecting one of the contact pads and one of the conductive elements.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent by a review of the specification, claims and appended figures.
The present invention is a packaging solution that offers protection to the sensor chip, provides off chip signaling connectivity, is minimal in size, and can be reliability manufactured.
A protective substrate with sensor window openings is formed next. The protective substrate 22 can be glass or any other optically transparent or semi-transparent rigid substrate. Glass is the preferred material. Glass thickness in range of 50 to 1500 μm is preferred. Sensor area window openings 24 are formed in protective substrate 22 by, for example, laser, sandblasting, etching or any other appropriate cavity forming methods. The openings 24 formed in the protective substrate 22 are illustrated in
An optional layer of spacer material 26 is deposited on the protective substrate 22, either before or after openings 24 are formed. The spacer material 26 can be polymer, epoxy and/or any other appropriate material(s). Deposition can be implemented by roller, spray coating, screen printing or any other appropriate method(s). The thickness of the deposited material can be in the range of 5 to 500 μm. The spacer material 26 can be aligned to the edges of openings 24 as shown in
The protective structure (substrate 22 and spacer material 26) is bonded to the active side of substrate 10 using a bonding agent. The bonding agent can be epoxy deposited by roller and then heat cured or any other appropriate bonding methods that are well-known in the art. A protective tape 28 is placed over the protective substrate 22, forming a hermetic sealed cavity 30 for each image sensor 12. The height of cavities 30 is preferably in the range of 5 to 500 μm. Cavities 30 can be filled with gas, liquid, or be expelled of all gas by creating a vacuum. The substrate 10 can optionally be thinned by removing material from its back side. In the case of a silicon substrate 10, silicon thinning can be done by mechanical grinding, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), wet etching, atmospheric downstream plasma (ADP), dry chemical etching (DCE), or a combination of aforementioned processes or any another appropriate silicon thinning method(s). The thickness of thinned substrate 10 is in range of 100 to 2000 μm. The resulting structure is shown in
Portions of the protective substrate 22 between sensors 12 and over contact pads 18 can be removed using laser cutting equipment, mechanical sawing, a combination of aforementioned processes or any other appropriate glass cutting method(s). Laser cutting is the preferred method of cutting. This process separates each protective cavity 30 from other protective cavities for other sensors 12, thus achieving protective cavity singulation. This step also exposes the sensor pads 18. Substrate 10 is then singulated/diced to separate each sensor 12 and its respective packaging. Wafer level dicing/singulation can be done with mechanical blade dicing equipment, laser cutting or any other appropriate processes. The resulting structure is shown in
A host substrate assembly 34 is formed by first providing a host substrate 36, which can be organic Flex PCB, FR4 PCB, silicon (rigid), glass, ceramic or any other type of packaging substrate. VIA (Vertical Interconnect Access) openings 38 can be made through the host substrate 36 by mechanical drilling, laser, dry etch, wet etch or any another appropriate VIA opening forming method(s) that are well known in the art. Preferably, a laser is used to form the VIA openings 38. The VIA opening walls can be tapered to form a funnel shape or both the top and bottom portions of the VIA are of the same dimension to form a cylinder shape. The resulting structure is shown in
A layer of dielectric material 40 is formed over all surfaces of host substrate 36 (including the sidewalls of the VIA openings 38). Layer 40 is desirable if the host substrate 36 is made of a conductive material such as conductive silicon. The dielectric material layer 40 can be silicon dioxide deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD). If the host substrate 36 is made of non-conductive organic material such as flex PCB or FR4 Resin, then dielectric layer 40 can be omitted. Electrically conductive material 42 is then formed over all surfaces of the host substrate 36 (including partially or completely filing VIA openings 38). Electrically conductive material 42 can be copper, aluminum, conductive polymer or any other appropriate electric conductive material(s). The electrically conductive material 42 can be deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), plating or any other appropriate deposition method(s). The sidewalls of VIA openings 38 can be coated with the conductive material 42, or the VIA openings 38 can be entirely filled with the conductive material 42 as shown in
A layer of photoresist 44 is deposited over both top and bottom surfaces of the host substrate 36. The photoresist deposition method can be spray coating or any another appropriate deposition method(s). The photoresist 44 is exposed and etched using appropriate photolithography processes that are well known in the art, leaving the photoresist 44 only over the VIA openings 38 and pathways that will eventually form traces. A conductive material etch is performed to remove exposed portions of the conductive layer 42 (i.e. those portions not underneath the remaining photoresist 44). For example, leads, contacts, rerouted contacts and traces can be formed by this etch, which could use dry or wet etching methods that are well-known in the art. The resulting structure is shown in
The photoresist is stripped using sulfuric acid, acetone or any other photoresist stripping method that are appropriate. An optional plating process (e.g Ni/Pd/Au) on the conductive material 42 can be performed. Interconnects 46 are formed on the conductive material 42 over the VIA openings 38 on the bottom side of the host substrate 36. Interconnects can be ball grid array (BGA), land grid array (LGA), bumping, copper pillar or any other appropriate interconnect methods. Ball grid array is one of the preferred methods of interconnection and it can be deposited by screen printing followed by a reflow process. The singulated substrates 10 (with sensors 12) described above are then attached to the host substrate using an appropriate adhesive 48 by, for example, depositing adhesive on the substrate 10, or the host substrate 36, or both, and picking/placing substrate 10 onto host substrate 36 followed by an appropriate curing process. Electrical interconnects between contact pads 18 and conductive material 42 in VIA openings 38 are added, which are preferably bonding wires 50 that are well known in the art. The resulting structure is shown in
An overmold material 52 is dispensed on the host substrate 36 and in-between the mounted sensors 12. The overmold material 52 can be epoxy, resins or any other overmold material(s) that are well-known in the art. The upper surface of the cured overmold material 52 is preferably lower than the upper surface of the protective substrate 22 and higher than the upper surface of the wire bond contacts. The host substrate 36 is then singulated along scribe lines between the mounted sensors 12. Dicing/singulation of packages can be done with mechanical blade dicing equipment, laser cutting or any other appropriate processes. The finished sensor package is mounted to a second host substrate 54 via interconnects 46. The second host substrate 54 can be Flex PCB, Rigid PCB or any other applicable substrates with contact pads and electrical interconnects. The protective tape 28 is then removed, thus exposing the active area 17 of the sensor 12 to the environment. The final packaged sensor assembly 1 is shown in
In the final structure, sensor 12 is protected by protective substrate that at most extends only partially over substrate 10, so that sensor 12 is exposed to the environment. Specifically, light incident on the structure can pass directly to sensor 12 without passing through any transparent protective substrates. Conductive material 42 in VIA openings 38 form pass through electrical contacts or conductive elements that extend through substrate 36, and between wires 50 and interconnects 46. Overmolding material 52 protects the wire 50 connections.
The photoresist 74 is stripped using acetone or any other dry plasma or wet photoresist stripping method that are well known in the art. A passivation layer of insulation material 78 such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride is deposited over the structure. Preferably, passivation layer 78 is made of silicon dioxide and is at least 0.5 μm. Silicon dioxide deposition can be performed using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), PECVD or any another appropriate deposition method(s). A layer of photoresist 80 is deposited over the passivation layer 78. Photoresist 80 is exposed and selectively etched using appropriate photolithography processes that are well known in the art to remove those portions of the photoresist over the contact pads 18, and along and over the spacer material 26, the protective substrate 22 and the tape 28 (thus exposing the portions of the passivation layer 78 over these areas). The exposed portions of the passivation layer 78 are removed by, for example, plasma etching, to expose the contact pads 18, spacer material 26, protective substrate 22 and tape 28. If the passivation layer 78 is silicon dioxide, then an etchant of CF4, SF6, NF3 or any other appropriate etchant can be used. If the passivation layer 78 is silicon nitride, then an etchant of CF4, SF6, NF3, CHF3 or any other appropriate etchant can be used. The resulting structure is shown in
After the photoresist 80 is removed, an electrically conductive material 82 is deposited over the structure. The electrically conductive material 82 can be copper, aluminum, conductive polymer or any other appropriate electric conductive material(s). The electrically conductive material can be deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), plating or any other appropriate deposition method(s). Preferably, the electrically conductive material 82 is aluminum and is deposited by PVD. A layer of photoresist 84 is deposited over the structure. The photoresist 84 is exposed and etched using appropriate photolithography processes to form a mask over the electrically conductive layer 82 in the trenches 76 and over contact pads 18. The photo resist 84 is removed over the tape 28, the protective layer 22, spacer material 26 and optionally where the substrate 10 will be diced in the trenches 76, selectively exposing the electrically conductive layer 82 at those areas. The exposed portions of the electrically conductive layer 82 are removed, for example using dry or wet etching methods. The remaining portions of the electrically conductive layer 82 form a plurality of discrete traces (leads) each extending from one of the contact pads 18 down to the bottom of one of the trenches 76. Etchant for wet etch can be phosphoric acid (H3PO4), acetic acid, nitric acid (HNO3) or any other appropriate etchant(s). Etchant for dry etch can be Cl2, CCl4, SiCl4, BCI3 or any other appropriate etchant(s). Dry etch is a preferred method for this lead formation. Optionally, the electrically conductive material 82 can remain on the sidewall of protective substrate. The resulting structure is shown in
The remaining photoresist 84 is then removed. Optionally, a plating process (e.g. Ni/Pd/Au) can be performed on the leads (conductive layer 82). An optional encapsulant layer 86 is deposited over the conductive leads structure. The encapsulant layer 86 can be polyimide, ceramic, polymer, polymer composite, parylene, metallic oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, epoxy, silicone, porcelain, nitrides, glass, ionic crystals, resin, and a combination of aforementioned materials or any other appropriate dielectric material(s). The encapsulant layer 86 is preferably 0.1 to 2 μm in thickness, and the preferred material is liquid photolithography polymer such as solder mask which can be deposited by spray coating. A photolithography process is performed, where the developed/cured encapsulation 84 is removed except for over the leads. Rerouted contacts 88 can be created by forming openings in the encapsulation layer 86 at the bottom of the trenches 76. Optionally, the encapsulating material can remain on the sidewall of the protective substrate 22 and/or on the tape 28. The resulting structure is shown in
Wafer level dicing/singulation of components can be done with mechanical blade dicing equipment, laser cutting or any other appropriate processes, preferrably at the bottom of trenches 76. An interconnect 90 can be formed on the rerouted contact pads or on the Flex-PCB. The interconnect 90 can be BGA, LGA, stud bump, plated bump, adhesive bump, polymer bump, copper pillar, micro-post or any other appropriate interconnecting method(s). Preferably, the interconnect 90 is made of an adhesive bump which is a composite of conductive material(s) and adhesive material(s). The conductive material(s) can be solder, silver, copper, aluminum, gold, a combination of aforementioned materials or any other appropriate conductive material(s). The adhesive material(s) can be varnish, resin, and a combination of aforementioned materials or any other appropriate adhesive material(s). The conductive adhesive can be deposited by pneumatic dispensing gun or any other appropriate dispensing method(s) and then cured by heat, UV or any other appropriate curing method(s) thus forming the bumps.
A flex-PCB can be mounted on all sides, three sides, two sides, or single side of the substrate 10. For example, two flex-PCBs 92 can be bonded to opposite sides of the substrate 10. Alternately, a single flex-PCB 92 with a window opening can be used, and extend off of one, two, three or all sides of substrate 10. The flex-PCB 92 can be any rigid or flexible substrate having one or more circuit layers 93 and contact pads 18a connected thereto. The interconnects 90 are electrically connected between the contact pads 18a and the conductive traces 82. The sensor package is placed inside of a pre-casted mold, and then an overmold compound 94 of choice is injected into the mold. Overmold material 94 can be epoxy, polymer, resins or any other overmold material(s) that are well-known in the art. The top surface of the cured overmold material can as high as the top surface of the protective substrate 22 but preferably does not extend any higher. The cured overmold material 94 preferably does not extend beyond substrate 10. Protective tape 28 is then removed, thus exposing the sensor active area to the environment. The resulting structure is shown in
The above described structure provides a Chip-On-Film (COF) package which is more compact than known packages. The thinner structure can be obtained by creating a step structure on the edge of the substrate die 10, then a plurality of metal traces and rerouted contact pads are formed on the second step surface, which connects to the top surface contact pads 18 via metal traces. A flexible cable and/or PCB is bonded to that second step surface. This structure lowers the altitude of the protective substrate 22 by bonding it directly onto the sensor die 10, rather than mounting it on a host substrate, thus reducing package thickness.
The above described structure also increases the image sensor's sensitivity through package structure. Specifically, greater photon sensitivity can be obtained by simply not obstructing the light path. By creating an opening 24 in the protective substrate 22 and not using any transparent underfill at the sensor area cavity, more photons are able to reach the active area with greater accuracy. Conventional devices rely on the protective substrate and transparent underfill to protect the sensor area by hermetically sealing it. However, the same hermetical seal can be achieved with the lens module 60. Lastly, better structural integrity is achieved by using overmold material 52/94 to enclose the entire bonding area rather than just applying a mold around the bonding surface as adhesive/underfill.
For the chemical sensor embodiments, multiple openings 24 can be used to facilitate the flow of physical substances through the cavity 30 and over the sensor's active area. Input and output attachments 96 and 98 are connected to the openings 24 on the protective substrate 22, whereby physical substances such as gas or liquid flow through the packaged structure as indicated by the arrows in
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment(s) described above and illustrated herein, but encompasses any and all variations falling within the scope of the appended claims. For example, references to the present invention herein are not intended to limit the scope of any claim or claim term, but instead merely make reference to one or more features that may be covered by one or more of the claims. Materials, processes and numerical examples described above are exemplary only, and should not be deemed to limit the claims. Further, as is apparent from the claims and specification, not all method steps need be performed in the exact order illustrated or claimed, but rather in any order that allows the proper formation of the packaged sensor assembly 1. Lastly, single layers of material could be formed as multiple layers of such or similar materials, and vice versa.
It should be noted that, as used herein, the terms “over” and “on” both inclusively include “directly on” (no intermediate materials, elements or space disposed therebetween) and “indirectly on” (intermediate materials, elements or space disposed therebetween). Likewise, the term “mounted to” includes “directly mounted to” (no intermediate materials, elements or space disposed there between) and “indirectly mounted to” (intermediate materials, elements or spaced disposed there between), and “electrically coupled” includes “directly electrically coupled to” (no intermediate materials or elements there between that electrically connect the elements together) and “indirectly electrically coupled to” (intermediate materials or elements there between that electrically connect the elements together). For example, forming an element “over a substrate” can include forming the element directly on the substrate with no intermediate materials/elements therebetween, as well as forming the element indirectly on the substrate with one or more intermediate materials/elements therebetween.
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/292,744, filed May 30, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/830,563, filed Jun. 3, 2013, and 61/831,397, filed Jun. 5, 2013, and which are incorporated herein by reference.
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Child | 14824966 | US |