Patent Grant
7612370
The invention generally relates to cooling electronic apparatuses and systems, and in particular, but not exclusively, thermal interface material.
As electronic devices become more powerful and smaller (i.e., more densely packed), the power consumed by these electronic devices can result in a large amount of generated heat. The heat generated by these electronic devices may be detrimental to the operation of the electronic devices. Accordingly, a common concern associated with electronic components is heat removal.
For example, an electronic device may include an integrated circuit (IC) die. A thermal management device may be thermally coupled to the IC die to facilitate dissipation of heat from the IC die. Commonly, the thermal management device may be in the form of a heat sink type device. Accordingly, heat may be transferred from the IC die to the thermal management device, and in turn, the thermal management device facilitates transfer of the heat to the surrounding environment.
The various embodiments of the invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which the like references indicate similar elements and in which:
In various embodiments, an apparatus having an interface comprising a number of nanostructures disposed between a thermal management device and a heat source is described. In the following description, various embodiments will be described. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the various embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, materials, components, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of various embodiments of the invention. Similarly, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. Nevertheless, the invention may be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well-known features are omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the invention. Furthermore, it is understood that the various embodiments shown in the figures are illustrative representations and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Various operations will be described as multiple discrete operations in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the invention. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations need not be performed in the order of presentation.
In various embodiments, the thermal management device 102 may be part of a passive cooling device such as, but not limited to, a heat sink, a heat spreader, heat pipes, a heat slug, and the like, and any combination thereof. Alternatively, in various embodiments, the thermal management device 102 may be part of an active cooling device such as, but not limited to, an air jet impingement device, a dielectric liquid device, and any combination thereof.
In various embodiments, the heat source 104 may include an integrated circuit (IC), which may be in the form of a rectangular piece of semiconductor material commonly known as a chip or a die. Some examples of semiconductor material may include, but are not limited to, silicon, silicon on sapphire, silicon on insulator, gallium arsenide, and any combination thereof.
In various embodiments, the nanostructures 208 may comprise of carbon nanotubes. That is, each of the nanostructures 208 may have an approximate diameter of 0.6 to 1.8 nanometers, and a length of approximately 1-100 microns. The carbon nanotubes may be single walled, multi-walled, of various shapes, and may be coated with various coatings such as, but not limited to, metals. Accordingly, each of the nanostructures 208 may have relatively high heat transmission abilities such as, but not limited to, as high as 6000 Watts per meter Kelvin, thereby facilitating improved heat transfer between the heat source 204 and the thermal management device 202. Further, the nanostructures 208 may be formed from a variety of manners such as, but not limited to, utilizing an arc fullerene generator, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and laser blasting.
Continuing to refer to
In various embodiments, the nanostructures 208 may have molecules that helps to facilitate adhesion. For example, in one embodiment, the nanostructures 208 may have molecules in the form of flexible polymers such as, but not limited to, single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The molecules facilitate covalent type bonding between the nanostructures 208 and the thermal management device 202. Utilization of molecules with various nanostructures such as carbon nanostructures is known, and accordingly, will not be described in further detail.
In the embodiment illustrated in
As a result, the interface 206 having the nanostructures facilitates improved heat transfer and adhesion between the heat source 204 and the thermal management device 202.
The interleaved nanostructures 308 & 310 may be carbon nanotubes like structures, and accordingly, the interleaved nanostructures 308 & 310 may adhere to each other due to various attraction forces such as, but not limited to, Van der Waals' forces as previously described. Additionally, heat transfer between the thermal management device 302 and the heat source 304 may be improved due to the nanostructures 308 & 310 being made of nanostructures having relatively high thermal conductivity.
In various embodiments, the nanostructures 308 & 310 may have molecules that facilitate adhesion, as previously described. For example, the nanostructure 308 formed on the thermal management device 302 and/or the nanostructure 310 formed on the heat source 304 may have molecules that facilitate adhesion. That is, the nanostructures 308 & 310 may have molecules in the form of flexible polymers on either or both of the nanostructures 310 formed on the heat source 304 and the nanostructures 308 formed on the thermal management device 302. As previously described, the molecules facilitate covalent type bonding between the nanostructures 308 & 310.
The nanostructures 408 and 410 may be carbon nanotubes like structures, and may also have molecules to facilitate adhesion of the nanostructures 408 and 410 to each other, which in turn, facilitate adhesion of the thermal management device 402 and the heat source 404.
The heat source 504 may be electrically coupled to a substrate 520 via a number of solder bumps 522. The substrate 520 may be electrically coupled to a wiring board 524 via solder balls 526. In the illustrated embodiment of
Illustrated in
In the illustrated embodiment of
Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention with reference to illustrated embodiments, it will be recognized that the illustrated embodiments can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. And, though the foregoing discussion has focused on particular embodiments, other configurations are contemplated. In particular, even though expressions such as “in one embodiment,” “in another embodiment,” or the like are used herein, these phrases are meant to generally reference embodiment possibilities, and are not intended to limit the invention to particular embodiment configurations. As used herein, these terms may reference the same or different embodiments that are combinable into other embodiments.
Thus, it can be seen from the above descriptions, a novel apparatus including an interface between a heat source and a thermal management device having a number of nanostructures has been described.
The above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. Thus, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive on the invention.
Consequently, in view of the wide variety of permutations to the embodiments described herein, this detailed description is intended to be illustrative only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. What is claimed as the invention, therefore, is all such modifications as may come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto.
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