Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings Methods or apparatus for making thereof Layout of tunnels or galleries

EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS E21Mining E21DSHAFTS TUNNELS GALLERIES LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS

E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings Methods or apparatus for making thereof Layout of tunnels or galleries

E21D9/001Improving soil or rock E21D9/002Injection methods characterised by the chemical composition used E21D9/003Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels E21D9/004using light beams for direction or position control E21D9/005by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground E21D9/006by making use of blasting methods E21D9/008Driving transverse tunnels starting from existing tunnels E21D9/01Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels E21D9/02Driving inclined tunnels or galleries E21D9/03Driving non-circular tunnels E21D9/04Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for E21D9/06Making by using a driving shield E21D9/0607the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel E21D9/0609with means for applying a continuous liner E21D9/0621Shield advancing devices E21D9/0635Tail sealing means E21D9/0642the shield having means for additional processing at the front end E21D9/065with devices for provisionally supporting the front face E21D9/0657structurally associated with rock crushers E21D9/0664with means for applying a coating layer to the front face E21D9/0671with means for consolidating the rock in front of the shield by injection of consolidating substances through boreholes E21D9/0678Adding additives E21D9/0685Foaming agents E21D9/0692Cutter drive shields E21D9/08with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield E21D9/087with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section E21D9/0873the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel E21D9/0874with rotary drilling heads having variable diameter E21D9/0875with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face E21D9/0879the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel E21D9/093Control of the driving shield E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines E21D9/1006with rotary cutting tools E21D9/1013on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom E21D9/102by a longitudinally extending boom being pivotable about a vertical and a transverse axis E21D9/1026the tool-carrier being rotated about a transverse axis E21D9/1033by a transversely extending boom being pivotable about a longitudinal axis E21D9/104Cutting tool fixtures E21D9/1046Vibrating E21D9/1053for making a slit along the perimeter of the tunnel profile, the remaining core being removed subsequently E21D9/106with percussive tools E21D9/1066with fluid jets E21D9/1073applying thermal energy E21D9/108Remote control specially adapted for machines for driving tunnels or galleries E21D9/1086Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor E21D9/1093Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier E21D9/11with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section E21D9/111by means of heads or tool-carrying sectors implementing an oscillating rotary motion E21D9/112by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads E21D9/113having a central part for making a pilot tunnel and a follow-up part for enlarging the pilot tunnel E21D9/115with cutting tools mounted pivotably or slidable on the head E21D9/116by means of non-concentric rotary heads E21D9/117mounted for orientating or sideways shifting relative to the frame E21D9/118with independently driven central head E21D9/12Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil Working or loading platforms E21D9/122Working or loading platforms E21D9/124Helical conveying means therefor E21D9/126Loading devices or installations E21D9/128Loader-conveyors with gathering arms E21D9/13using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means E21D9/14Layout of tunnels or galleries Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for